Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
LUDLUM
Carbon
COMPANY
and
Tool
Steels
^^TLU DLU
Established
HIGH
Alloy
M^"^
SPEED
STEEL
CONSISTENTLY
General
1854
UNIFORM
Offices
WATERVLIET,
and
W6rks
N.
Y.
byGoogk
General
WATERVLIET,
Branch
New
Offices
NEW
YORK
Offices:
York
York
New
Massachusetts
City
Boston
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Ohio
Cleveland
Cincinnati
"
Chicago
Illinois
Italy
Society,
I. A.
Digitized
F.
A.
Genoa
byGoogk
"
263320
FEB 21 1928
(.^^32/^
TIDH
INTRODUCTION
byGoogk
Digitized
1918
Copyright,
LUDLUM
Watervlibt,
CX)MPANY
STEEL
Nbw
York
Digitized
byGoogk
INTRODUCTION
The
Ludlum
Steel
Company
is
of the
one
are
highly skilled in
rollingmill men
the expert handling of this special steel.
our
melters
and
The
crucible
process
is
one
of the
oldest
of making
methods
governed by the
though the highest form of skilled control be applied to
the melting and working of this steel,it is of no avail
if the
raw
material
That
contains
of the
"unlooked
purities
for" im-
is one
some
basic
and
reasons
acid
open
hearth
process
Digitized
byGoogk
te STAB
IjI
"^udl^^
HEX)
1854
reason,
melts,which
undoubtedly due
are
The
to occluded gases.
cible
analysisof high grade crusteel can be duplicatedin the open hearth but the
different. Twenty years
qualityof steel is distinctly
being substituted as a very
ago, electricfurnaces were
of eradicatingthe dangerous gases
probable means
which
chemical
are
were
one
crucible furnace
"
wherein
common
we
customers
have
foxmd
that
our
steels
purer
concerned.
and
These
with two
furnaces
are
therefore manufactured
byGoogk
Digitized
OONSISTENTr^y
UNIFORM
Our
outcome
of
our
many
is the
of experience,
produces the
years
and has
highestgrade of carbon and alloytool steels,
been designed for quality,
which is the all important
uality
Individpointwhere highgrade tool steelisconcerned.
in the production of steel,was important in the
days of the crucible steel,and is just as importantnow
of meltinghave been developed.
when superiormethods
It is our opinion,and has been fullysubstantiated in
practice,that the furnaces used for melting tool steel
should be designedfor that purpose, and that purpose
alone.
also
the
investigated
of mechanical
work
every
byGoogk
Digitized
"^UOLU^"
-^uouj^
ESTABtilSHED
1854
are
**
scientific control.
byGoogk
Digitized
oonsistentijY
uniform
INFORMATION
CUSTOMERS'
Terms
The
terms
are
cash
net
wise
days, unless other^thirty
"
speciallyagreed.
Quotations
and
Sales
Orders
and
contracts
of sale
are
accepted subject
other
to provisionthat strikes,fires,accidents and
of delay beyond our
causes
control, shall relieve us
from prompt fiilfillmentthereof.
Shipments
All deliveries are made F. O. B. cars at our works
unless otherwise speciallyarranged. Shipments by
only at customer's request and
express will be made
road
whenever the weight is less than the railor
expense,
will accept as freight.
Extras
"
vliet.New
York.
Warranty
We will replaceany steel which, if properly selected
and used, shall prove defective,
but we will not allow
claims for labor or damage.
9
byGoogk
Digitized
-^jolo^
"^^Dl^^"-
B3STABriISSX2I3
HOW
TO
ORDER
When
1854
STEEL
TOOL
ALLOY
AND
STEEL
lowing:
ordering tool steel always specifythe fol-
1. The
grade.
2. The
size and
3. The
shape.
for which
the
steel is to be i^ed.
4. Annealed
not.
or
It is particularlyimportant when
ordering tool
steel which is to be made
into costlytools and dies
that
the
above
In the event
for which
points should
be carefullyobserved.
of your specifying
the grade and purpose
the tool steel will be used and omitting
and
we
are
to
be
machined,
order
at
least
i"
cut
10
byGoogk
Digitized
oonsistentijY
uniform
"
11
-^uo^3"
SSTABXjISHSD
TOOL
Applying
to
of
Tool-Steel
All Dimensions
Steel
Intermediate
1854
Sizes Take
Except
High-Speed
Inclusive
the
Next
CLASSIFICATION
STEEL
all Grades
Higher Extra
Hexagon
and
Base
to 2 Inches
Inches
2ito3
3ito4
4ito5
Site 6
6Jto7
7ito8
Site 9
9itol0
Extra
per lb.
Cents
Inches
1.0
Atoi
0.5
1.5
Atot
1.0
2.0
Aandli
i and A
A
A
i
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.0
10.0
18.0
5.0
Flat
to 2 inches thick
Inches
ix
ix
i
i X A
ix
i
i X Atoi
ix
Ato7
i x7ito8
i
Ax
to 2 inches wide
Base
Extra per lb.
Cents
Inches
1.5
20.0
Ax
15.0
to7
Ax2i
to8
Ax7i
ixAtoi
i X Atof
ilto2
ix
i x2i to 7
to8
i x7i
i tof
Ax
AxiltoS
t X A to 8
8.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
Ax
4.0
Ax
Ax
i
Atof
3.0
2.0
ttto2
12
byGoogk
Digitized
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
CONSISTENTLY
TJ
STEEL
CLASSIFICATION"
TOOL
Inches
to 8
Axi
J X Ato 8
Ax2ito8
f to 2 X 2i to 7
f toUx7ito8
x7ito8
Uto2
2ito3
x2ito5
2i to 3 x5ito8
Cow/mwerf
Extra
1.5
3ito4x3ito6
3i to4x6ito8
4ito5x4ito7.
4t to 5 X 7i to 8
5ito6x5ito8
6tto7x6ito7.
6tto8x7ito8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
lb.
Cents
Inches
1.0
per
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.5
Bevel
1 cent per pound advance over
Single Bevel
regular extfa size of the corresponding flat.
"
Double
Bevel
over
per pound advance
for size of the correspondingflat.
regularextra
Cutting
to
"
2 cents
Specified
Single
and
Multiple
the
the
Lengths
0. 5
over
1.0
18 to 23
" inches
12 to 17 }J inches
6 to 11 if inches
Less than 6 inches,specialprices.
1.5
,
2.0
Annealing
Cents per lb.
AnnealingCarbon
Tool-Steels
13
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^^I^^"
^^iolu^
SSSTABUISHBD
TUNGSTEN-STEEL
Applying
to
all Grades
of
1854
Sizes
All Dimensions
Take
Round, Square
f
CLASSIFICATION
Speed Tool-Steel
Intermediate
Inclusive
the
Next
and
Octagon
Higher Extra
to 2 inches
Base
Extra per lb.
Cents
Inches
2ito2J
2.0
2tto3
2.5
3Jto3J
30
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
31 to 4
4Jto4J
4f to5
5ito5"
Inches
5f to6
6f to6J
5.5
6.0
6.5
2.0
3.5
6.0
8.5
6tto7
i
Ato
t
Ato
T^ffto}}
ito A
Flat
f to 2 inches thick
f to 2 inches wide
Extra
Inches
ix
ix
A
i
}x
J X
Ax
i X
i x
i X
Ax
Ax
Ax
fx
lb.
Cents
40.0
30.0
20.0
14.0
to 2
14.0
8.0
tol
5.0
3.0
5.0
3.5
3 0
3.0
to 4
to f
tol
If to4i
Ato
per
i to3
A to i
1
Base
Inches
fx
J to U
t X If to 5
ito 1
Ax
U to 5}
Ax
J X
f to 1
J X IJ to 6
Ax
f to 1
It to 6
Ax
tto2x2ito4
f to2x4ito7
2i to3x2ito4
2tto3x4ito7
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
Annealing
Annealing Tungsten-Steels
Bevel
Same
classificationas
extra for shape.
Flat
plus 10 cents
per
14
byGoogk
Digitized
lb.
UNIFORM
OONSISTENTriY
CLASSIFICATION
XUNGSTEN-STEEL
Continued
"
Cutting
to
Specified
Single
and
Multiple
Lengths
Extra
per lb.
Cents
24
18
12
6
1
2
3
4
Steel
Classification
of
Forged
Discs.
Extra per lb.
Cents
Weighing
15
10
7i
5
3
2
1
to 25
lbs
to 15
to 10
lbs
lbs.
10
12
14
16
18
22
24
7ilbs....
to
to
lbs
5
3
2
to
to
Under
lbs
lbs
High-speed
Steel
Classification
op
Forged
Die
Blocks
Wei"^ing
Above
15
10
lbs
25
to 25
6
10
14
16
18
22
24
lbs..,
tol5
7i to 10
5 to 7i
3 to 5
2 to 3
1 to
2
Under
Cents
lbs
lbs
lbs
lbs
lbs
lbs
Annealing,2
cents
15
"^^^I^^"
-"ooui^-
ESTABIjISHED
LUDLUM
of
in any
our
1854
DISCS
STEEL
TOOL
Furnished
standard
grades of
Below
ard
will be found listsshowing the stand-
In
should specify
ordering discs,customers
ances
overall,not finished dimensions, as we make no allowforfinishing.
Disc
Carbon
CLASSIFICATION
and
Alloy Steel
Extra
per
lb.
Cents
Weight
25
lbs
15
to 25
lbs
10
tol5
lbs
7JtolO
lbs
Above
to
7ilbs
to
lbs
to
lbs
11
to
lbs
12
Under
Above
specialprices.
16
byGoogk
at
-^^olu^
"^^OLU^""
ESTABILiISItEr)
1854
...
EXTRAS
RING
the
priceof ringsisbased on the fact that a ring carries the
outside
as a solid disc of the same
same
forging-extra
measurements, plus a charge for the steel represented
by the hole and a charge of three cents per pound for
the labor of making the hole.
The
Rule
To
Carbon
Steel
find the
priceof
9i inches
per
pound:
20 lbs.
4 lbs.
16 lbs.
Weight of ring
Applying the rule
Disc extra
Charge
?^^^
lb
for
29 cents
per lb.
the base-priceof
The
difference between
of the annealed
the steel,16 cents, and the net selling-price
this
in
ring,29 cents, is the **ringextra"
case,
13 cents.
"
FORGED
steels.
which
we
li Y
"UNIFORM
DIE
can
steels and
BLOCKS
be furnished in any
of alloy
in a number
of work
nature
and
We
Die Blocks
straightcarbon
oiir
LUDLUM
Ludlum
of
amount
of
given
to
Quality" guarantees
the
lence
excel-
our
results.
extras
Forged die blocks take the following
and above the regularbase priceof the steel from
over
which they are made.
Carbon
and
Alloy
Steel
Extra
Weight
Above
15
10
25
to25
tol5
7itolO
5
3
2
1
to
to
to
to
lbs
lbs
2
3
5
7
8
9
11
12
lbs
lbs
7Jlbs
5
3
2
lb.
Cents
per
lbs
lbs
lbs
19
byGoogk
Digitized
Est'd
LUDLUM.
1854
byGoogk
Digitized
ALLOYS
THEIR
AND
UPON
EFFECT
STEEL
NICKEL
CHROMIUM
NICKEL
CHROMIUM
CHROME-VANADIUM
MANGANESE
TUNGSTEN
21
Digitized
byGoogk
E8td
"ludlupO
^"5^
byGoogk
oonsistentxjY
ALLOYS
uniform
THEIR
AND
EFFECT
UPON
STEEL
In view of the fact that
ing
alloysteels are combe well
into a great deal of prominence, it would
for the users
of these steels to fully appreciatethe
effects of the alloysupon
the various grades of steel.
We
have endeavored
alloys so
without
that
the
having
to
of written matter
to summarize
can
of the situation.
NICKEL
Nickel
among
the
may
be considered
alloysnow
non-rare
the toughest
used in steel manufacture.
as
nickel was
added to give increased
Originally
that obtained with the
strength and toughness over
ordinary rolled structural steel and little attempt was
made
far as heat
to utilize its great possibilities
so
treatment
was
concerned.
difficultiesexperienced have
The
tendency towards
laminated
facture
during manuboth arisingfrom a
The
is a
care
is exercised
of these difficultiescan
rolling,
many
structure
been
be
overcome.
byGoogk
Digitized
"^up^^"
-^iDtu^
BSTABIilSHSD
1864
rolling,
great
care
be exercised
must
in
soaked
reheatingthe billet so that the steel is correctly
and the rolling
must
not be forced;too big reductions
per pass should not be indulged in as these set up a
tendency towards seams.
adapted for
case
ferrite;in
this
tungsten and
nickel up
vanadium.
The
addition
chromium,
of each
1%
an
approximate increase
5% will cause
of from 4,000 to 6,000 pounds per square inch in the
tensile strength and elastic limit over
the corresponding
carbon
The
to
steel and
without
any
decrease
in
tility.
duc-
stance,
degree,by the percentage of carbon; for insteel with .25% carbon and 3.5% nickel has a
tensile strength,in its normal state, equal to a straight
carbon steel of .5% with a proportionately
greater elasto
some
24
byGoogk
Digitized
8TA
BIjI
II
"^^UDLU^"
-^udlu^
KD
1854
steel then
gases
engine.
To
obtain
the
as
an
or
normal
state.
26
uniform
oonsistentijY
CHROMIUM
Chromium
reconstruction
when
of
Cementite.
This
strated
is demon-
to the formation
and
the
great hardness
iron.
steel is
This
steels is
of chromium
mium
of double carbides of chro-
condition is not
slightlytempered
or
removed
drawn.
This
when
tional
addi-
as
would
causingundue
be obtained by any increase
iron.
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^UDLU^"
-^UDLU^
ESTASrilSHBI)
ance
corrosion.
to
All
chromium
1854
erosion.
view
In
where
the
not
for
roding
cor-
liquids. Bridges,ships,steel
teriora
buildings,etc., would offer greater resistance to dethrough rust if the chromium
alloy steels
were
employed.
high temperatures
effect upon
chromium
steels and in
this respect they differfrom nickel steels,
which are not
a
very
bad
steels
so
when
the
steels
period is short.
Chromium
steels due
to
their admirable
excellent results
as
can
be
obtained
from
other
alloycombinations.
For
per cent
chromium
due
steels,
largelyused for
to
their
armour
28
byGoogk
Digitized
ri
UNIFORM
The
with
7 per
very
normal
low
cent., and
structure
of chromium
steels,
from
to
20 per cent,
therefore the greatest applicationis in the pearlitic
zone
or
the lower
percentages.
29
8 to
-^^^IM^^
-"udlu^
SSTABrilSHIQD
NICKEL
A
nickel and
1854
CHROMIUM
combination
of the
the characteristics of
characteristics of
chromium,
as
cribed,
des-
should
the
chromium
the
carbon.
strong ferritematrix
and a very hard tough Cementite.
The strength of
a
strictlypearliticsteel over a pure iron is due to
we
are
able to get
this combination
From
the pearlitic
being
very
layer arrangement
tite
of Cemen-
tite
of the Cemen-
In the event
chromium
of strictly
as in the case
being strengthened,
steels,an increased tensile strength is readily
obtained without loss of ductility,
and if the ferrite
is strengthenedthen the tensile strengthand ductility
of the metal is stillfurther improved.
of
alloy represents one
the best combinations available at the present time.
The
nickel intensifies the physicalcharacteristics of
Nickel
the chromium
on
the
and
chromium
the chromium
has
similar effect
nickel.
30
byGoogk
Digitized
uniform
oonsistentxjY
For
hardening,nickel chromium
case
steels
seem
to
the
With
mutually intensifyingaction of
2i parts of nickel
the
best
1 part of chromium
gives
have the standard
Therefore, we
to
results.
.6%
chromium
and
"
about
percentage combinations
have
31
been
employed.
-^u^u^
BSTABIilSMSD
CHROME
has been
vanadium
over
be
and above
as
an
stated and
cerning
published con-
alloywith chromium
from
derived
chrome
vanadium
has
very
marked
in carbon, is not
carbon
and
Vanadium
Vanadium
1864
VANADIUM
Much
benefits to
so
combined
with
or
the
steel
nickel.
effect upon
manganese.
low
steel,very
noticeably beneficial
as
the
same
but if a small
higher in manganese,
has
quantity of chrome is added, then the vanadium
a
dynamic effect. Therefore, it would
very marked
that vanadium
has the effect of intensifying
the
seem
steel
action of chromium
and
or
manganese
that vanadium
has
or
manganese.
peculiar property of
also the carbon forming
readilycombining with ferrite,
carbides
and
is to be
the
found
ferrite. The
steels is
ductilityof carbon vanadium
therefore increased,likewise the ductilityof chrome
vanadium
steels.
The
the
fulleffect of vanadium
temperatures,
to
which
the
is not feltimless
steel is heated
considerably;therefore,it is
of soakingtakes place
necessary. that a certain amount
so as to get the necessary
equalization.This is true of
is one.
all cementitic compounds, of which vanadium
hardening, are
raised
for
32
byGoogk
Digitized
-^uotu^
SSTABXiISHED
1854
MANGANESE
Manganese adds considerablyto the tensile
strength of steel but is dependent on the carbon
High carbon materiallyadds to the brittlesteels
manganese
ness, whereas low carbon pearlitic
are
very tough and ductile and are not at all brittle,
is correct.
providingthe heat-treating
content.
to high
Manganese steel is very susceptible
temperatures and prolongedheating.
steel is
pearlitic
manganese
is entirelydependent
efficientsteel but its efficiency
Low
very
carbon
electric furnace
same
chemical
hearth
or
seems
to
be
more
efficientthan
the
analysissteel made
crucible process.
No
lieved
assigned for this peculiarphenomenon, but it is bethat the removal of the harmful gases, particularly
and nitrogen,are responsible.
oxygen
byGoogk
Digitized
UNIFORM
ti Y
steel,
pearliticmanganese
heat-treated,will give dynamic strengthwhich cannot
be equalledby low-pricedand necessarily
low content
nickel steels. In many
instances it is preferable
to use
rather than low content
high grade manganese
steel,
Low
carbon
nickel steel.
High
steels
manganese
used
are
for
being from 11
valueless
1 to 1.50 per cent.
This steel is practically
unless heat-treated;that is,heated to about yellow red
and
quenched in ice
Austenite
very
The
is then
structure
and
Martensite.
and
water.
rapidlycooled
to obtain
be
to
heated
structure.
Manganese between
brittle material when
very
2 and
7 per
the carbon
is about
higher,therefore quitevalueless.
cent
or
cent
manganese
Below
is very
is
cent
1 per
2 per
ductile and
tough steel.
The
known
as
high
content
steels
manganese
are
steels,"having been
additions
Hadfield.
of chrome
up
low carbon
to 1 per
cent
pearlitic
manganese
Small
steels without
decrease
the
ing
affect-
materially
percentage of elongation.
35
byGoogk
Digitized
-^UDLU^
'^^LU^"
E"TABriI"ITKI"
Vanadium
added
low
1854
carbon
pearlitic
steel has a very marked
effect,increasing
manganese
the
greatlythe d3mamic strengthand changing slightly
of this steel to heat treatments, giving
susceptibility
a
greater margin for the hardening temperature.
Manganese steel with added vanadium is most efficient
when
heat-treated.
36
to
uniform
consistentijY
TUNGSTEN
Tungsten,
known
and
used
for
as
an
long time.
celebrated
The
and
ancient Damascus
prove
how
steel
effects of tungsten
Ttmgsten
to
himself understood
little Mushet
as
acts
on
alloy.
steel in
similar
manner
can
an
the peculiar
in this respect.
If the percentage
It
was
this
bination
com-
steel.
The
when
tungsten-chromium steels,
even
when
heated
to
ened,
harda
dark
byGoogk
Digitized
-^^mM^^
'^idlu^
BSTABZilSSSSD
1854
term
If chromium
then
very
maximum
hard
necessary
in its heat-treatment.
of experimental
It is possiblethat when
work
has been done.
the
effect of tungsten with iron carbon
alloys is better
known,
amount
greater improvement
can
be
expected from
byGoogk
Digitized
other less
and
in
Zi Y
UNIFORM
some
Tungsten
magnets.
In
fact, the
why
reason
magnet
is not
evolved
but
steel becomes
permanent
Theories have been
at all imderstood.
questioning.The
principaleffect of tungsten, as conceded by leading
authorities,is that it distinctlyretards separationof
the iron carbon
pheric
solution,removing down to atmostemperature the lowest recalescent point.
all are
open
to serious
The
is every
tungstideFe,W
reason
is present, it
graduallygoes into
39
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^pLU^"
"^dlu^
S3STABIjISHS3I"
solution
as
the amount
1854
completelyin solution,
the temperature of the carbide change (recalescent
point)is lowered on cooling. It is quite an open question,
however, whether this lowering is entirelydue
tungsten is increased:
to the FeaW
in solution
change also
At
be
may
When
or
whether
temperature above
chemical
reactions
disappearanceof the
1300"F.
temperature
point at
ical
other chem-
occurs.
between
some
lower
1850"F., there
the
iron
and
compound resulting
ing
criticalpoint at the fall-
and
new
the
appearance
of
other
an-
temperature.
be
no
of
uncertainty.
40
EstM
^LUDLUM"^
1854
byGoogk
uniform
oonsistentijY
CARBON
Its
ALLOY
AND
STEEL
Treatment
Much
initiated in
partially
and
Heat
and
Composition
TOOL
the
heat treatment
As
art
a
matter
are
The
alloy,known
as
play
can
very
as
an
ture above
formation
steel,when
heated
endeavors
to
assume
on
to
tempercertain crystal
a
definite
another
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^UpLU^"
-^uoui^
ESTABrilSHED
185*
"
the
it is obvious
above
that
it is
the
formation, the
crystals have
temperature
taken
continues
their
on
to
rise.
be fixed
of crystalshas taken
as
soon
place.
the
event
of
the
this ment
rearrangeThis is best done by
as
at this
temperature.
temperature
of the
steel
44
byGoogk
Digitized
OONSISTENTXiY
UNIFORM
then
steel
as
men
is stillhigher,
then "burnt."
The
by
and
then
and
"overheated"
steel
can
be
reclaimed
being heated
allowed
to
reheated
quenched in
refined and
almost
the
usual
way.
The
steel is
now
determine
can
be
the
very
be
tested
so
as
to
45
"^^UpLU^"
"^udlu^
X3STABZiISII"2X"
note
1854
the steel is
at which
Then
the nicks.
chill
bar
be
should
off at
Each
end
carefullydried and
the nicks by a sharp
had
been
will have
Many
at
an
is incorrect,as
very
coarse
tool hardeners
that to make
to harden
are
imder
the
pressio
im-
steel very
hard it is necessary
increasingly
high temperature. This
the
increased
hardness
conveyed
to
steel
46
byGoogk
Digitized
UNIFORM
OONSISTENTXiY
maintain
the
strength resistance to
compression, etc., diminishes at a very quick rate.
cutting edge
The correct
or
bon
car-
the
be
tempered slightly
toughness.
47
Estd
"LUDLUM"^
^"54
byGoogk
Estd
^LUDLUM"
1854
Digitized
byGoogk
UNIFORM
CONSISTENTXiY
MOHAWK
EXTRA
Mohawk
"
velopme
representsthe latest dein electro-metallurgy;
consistentlyimiform and is designed to withstand the most exacting
of high duty machine
demands
tools and will stand
very high speeds and heavy cuts and low speeds and
ened
heavy cuts. It is quite imexcelled for turning toughalloyedsteels,and will work at a red heat for a
long period without the edge failing.It is particularly
adapted for taps and dies, twist drills,milling
be readily forged and is
can
cutters, and reamers;
Eictra
free from
particularly
when
being hardened.
and is
an
excellent
"
Mohawk
"
very
crack
keen edge,
steel."
finishing
Extra
"
be readilyannealed,
when
being machined
can
51
byGoogk
Digitized
ESTA
til
^^DLU^""
^idlu^.
HED
MOHAWK
1854
EXTRA
No.
820
pound
sizes:
"Mohawk
Extra"
14-15.
opment
represents the highestdevel-
can
be
tool.
developed
on
It will stand
any
the
modern
deeper cuts,
other high
recommend
We
tools,dies,reamers,
duty cuttingor
cutters, finishing
in annealed
and
and
unannealed
dies.
HEAT
See pages
TREATMENT:
52
119-122.
OONSISTBNTtiY
UNIFORM
MOHAWK
High
Speed Steel
Brand
No.
800
Base
Extra
"
for
sizes,annealing,etc., see
Mohawk
"
pages
14-15.
developed
is particularly
for
use
modem
steel is renowned
for its high
design. Our "Mohawk"
degree of excellency,purity, and uniformity. We
this steel for all high speed cutstronglyrecommend
ting
tools,insert saw teeth,wood working tools,special
dies,hot work, and all steel and cast iron turning and
machining generally.
HEAT
TREATMENT:
See pages
53
119-122.
"^^D^^"
-^iolo".
ERTABrjISHEr"
MOHAWK
1854
EXTRA
HIGH
SPEED
Tool-Holder
Brand
No.
STEEL
Bit
830
well-known "Mohawk
Extra" High Speed Steel,cut to standard tool-holder
ened,
lengthswith 30-degreeangleends. Each pieceis hardThese tools are made
out of our
} inch
ft
I
square,
"
"
"
"3
"
"5
to
Ship
2} inches long
2i
"
Lengths, Ready
also carry
1 square
inch in section.
Directions
Do
for
Treated
Bars
allfour sides
upon
an
54
byGoogk
Digitized
LUDLUM
CARBON
POMPTON
TOOL
STEELS
SPECIAL
POMPTON
EXTRA
POMPTON
ELBA
F.
55
SPECIAL
Est'd
"LUDLUPi"
1"54
byGoogk
"^uol^""
X^STABXjISSSD
1854
ing
produced in the meltshop can have its value reduced in the rollingmill,
very specialattention has to be paid to the heating
and rolling
temperatures.
melter and,
as
high grade
steel
our
furnaces
of their manufacture
and
are
represent the
very
finest
58
UNIFORM
OONSISTBNTtiY
CARBON
AND
ALLOY
TEMPER
TOOL
STEEL,
SPONDING
CORRE-
NUMBERS,
USES
AND
HEATS
HARDENING
TEMPERS
EXTRA
For
3x
HARD
corrugatingand
roll
for graver
tools and
all purposes
where
extreme
ness
hard-
and
To
Forge" Heat
To
Harden
Heat
to
slowly and
uniformly to a cherry
red, approximately 1375''-1425"F.,quench in oil or
water at 65"F.; draw to requirements.
"
HARD
For
Forge" Heat
To
Harden
to
"
TOUGH
Heat
AND
HARD
33
For
59
"^^^"^^""
-^idui^
BSTABXjISHKD
dies,ball
1854
races,
mers,
ham-
peen
Forge" Heat
Harden
to
brightred, 1500"-1550^F.
Heat
slowly and
uniformly to a
brightcherryred, approximately1400"-1450"F.;quench
in oil or water
STAR"
"
draw
65**^.;
at
EXTRA
to
requirements.
TOUGH
For
To
To
Forger- Heat
Harden"
to
Heat
brightred, 1500"-1550"F.
to
"F.;draw
TOUGH
to
water
or
at
requirements.
with hardness is
reqtiired.Welds with
care.
.
GO
byGoogk
Digitized
oonsistentijY
uniform
to Forge" flea/
to
brightred, 1500^-1550"F.
Harden
CHISEL
Heat
"
44
STEEL
hammer
impact tools
where
To
Forge" H^fl/
To
Harden
are
required.
to salmon
all purposes
Welds
with care.
tools, and
red, 1600"-1650"F.
Heat
"
to
STEEL
DIE
to
To
Forge" Heat
To
Harden
to salmon
Heat
red about
1600"-1700"F.
to very
61
"^^^^^"
^^lOLU^
X]STABXjISSBr"
Carbon
Tool
Brand
Base
Extra
1854
SPECIAL
POMPTON
Price per
No.
Steel
250
pound
sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc.,
see
pages
see
pages
12-13.
59-61.
bon
Special"is the finest qualitystraightcarand will give great
tool steel that can be made
severe
satisfaction,meeting the most
requirements
for cutting and impact tools such as dies, punches,
free
dies, chisels,etc. It is particularly
taps, screw
twist on hardening.
from any tendency to warp
or
this steel where
We
quality is
strongly recommend
of prime importance.
"Pompton
62
UNIFOKM
CONSISTENTriY
POMPTON
EXTRA
Carbon
Tool
Brand
Price
per
No.
Steel
240
pound
sizes:
Base
12-13.
Extra
recommend
Tool
Brand
Price per
No.
Steel
230
pound
Base sizes:
Extra
see
pages
12-13.
pages
59-61.
are
used.
It will be found
to be
very
reliable
byGoogk
Digitized
Li IS
"2 STAB
-^iolu^
"^^OLU^"
USD
1854
ELBA
Carbon
Brand
Tool
No.
Steel
220
sizes:
Extra for sizes,annealing,etc.,see
see
pages
tool steel,although
pages
12-13.
59-61.
comparativelylow
SPECIAL
F.
Carbon
Brand
Tool
No.
Steel
210
Base
Extra
12-13.
are
not
so
necessary.
64
Estd
""LUDLUM"-
"854
byGoogk
Digitized
UNIFORM
OONSISTBNTtiY
LUDLUM
ALLOY
TOOL
STEELS
modern
found
can
result of
be obtained
our
better
cobalt,nickel,etc.,
from
numerous
have
classes of work
some
results than
The
that
will give
tool steel.
straightcarbon
These steels generallyrequirespecialheat treatment
and should be very carefully
Advice should
handled.
be given to the hardeners to carefullyfollow the heat
treatinginstructions suppliedwith each bar of alloyed
tool steel.
of alloyedsteels,practice
steels are prone to many
In the manufacture
has shown
faults but
reduce
we
that these
these to
minimum
and
research,been able
we
have
no
to
hesitation
other
67
"^^^^"
-"udlij"-
ESTABIjISHED
1854
PEQUOT
Alloy Tool
Brand
Price per
Steel
No.
300
pound
sizes:
Base
Extra
see
pages
pages
12-13.
59-61.
Harden
"
Heat
extremely slow
to
about
50 "F.
The
68
and
oonsistentijY
uniform
ALBANY
Alloy Tool
Brand
Steel
No.
400
Base
Extra
and
pages
59-61.
used as an
when
alloy in
greater lifeto cutting edges and
vanadium
tool steel,imparts
"Albany
see
up
vibratory stress.
careful investigation
longer imder
"
that here
we
12-13.
pages
have
is superiorto any
produced
an
and
we
believe
high refinement
as our
Pompton Specialand represents an extremely
it for expensive
stronglyrecommend
pure steel. We
dies, punches, cutters, and all purtaps and screw
poses
where a lastingand very hard cutting edge is
under
the
same
desired.
To
than
Harden
"
Heat
slowly about
very
B^F.
steel similar
higher
temper
number.
Note:
The
slowly heated.
69
"^^^LU^"
-^JDUU^
ESTABIjISHED
1854
ONEIDA
Steel
Alloy Tool
Brand
710
No.
Non-Shrinking
Price per
Steel
pound
Base
sizes:
Extra for sizes,annealing,etc., see
"
Oneida
"
is the result of
our
pages
12-13.
extensive experience
the
HEAT
TREATMENT
To
"
Harden
Heat
very
70
OONSISTENTUY
UNIFORM
MOHICAN
Alloy Tool
Brand
per
Base
sizes:
Hard
and
pound
Extra
"
330
No.
Special Tough
Price
Steel
''
Mohican
has
been
pages
manufactured
12-13.
to
meet
the
minimum
quite
amount
of movement.
though
Al-
HEAT
TREATMENT
To
Do
so
Heat
Forge
"
not harden
To
Harden
1475"F.
at
"
slowly and
uniformly
to
16(X)"F.
forgingheat.
Heat
slowly and
Quench in oil
or
water
71
-^^DLU^
"^^DL^^"
BSTABIjISHSn
1854
IROQUOIS
Label
Gold
Finishing Steel
Brand
Price per
No.
540
pound
sizes:
Extra for sizes,
annealing,etc.,see
Base
"
pages
14-15.
"
machine
HEAT
To
Allow
To
forming tools.
TREATMENT
Forge
to
Heat
Harden
Heat
to
lASO^'F.
slowly and uniformly to 1375"15(X)"F.;do not soak, quench in oil or water at 65"F,
Draw
to dark straw or requirements.
Note: We
"
recommend
pack
or
lead pot
72
hardening.
'^^D^^
tJSTAlirilSHED
1854
OSWEGO
Chisel
Price per
Base
Extra
No.
Steel
420
pound:
sizes:
for sizes,annealing, etc., see
pages
12-13.
Specialvanadium
alloytool steel designed for pneumatic
rivet sets, hand chisels,and for all purchisels,
poses
where the tool has to stand a great rapidityof
blows.
This steel has a very hard and durable cutting
edge, speciallyadapted for chiselinghard and tough
materials. It is particularly
free from any tendency
to crack in the shank.
HEAT
To
Do
TREATMENT
Heat
Forge
"
slowly and
uniformly
to
16(X)"F.
To
Harden
"
Heat
slowly and
uniformly to 1450"-
uniformlyto 1450"-1500"F.
and
quench
in oil. Draw
or
until it just
shows
or
allow
in the air.
74
to cool
OONSISTENTUY
UNIFORM
OTSEGO
Rivet
Special Pneumatic
Brand
Set
Steel
430
No.
pages
12-13.
tests and
This specialvanadium
alloysteel is the result of many
of the finest steels that have
and is one
investigations
yet been
properly heat treated,
When
developed for this exactingpurpose.
it has no tendency to crack under the head, which is
resistingthe
tendency
simple to heat
treat
and
HEAT
to the hot
will be found
in every way.
We
recommend
for pneumatic chisels or slow
of the
up
to soften due
one
to be
cup,
rivet. It is very
very
reliable steel
but
not
TREATMENT
To
Harden
Heai
75
^^^1^^"'
^^DLU^
SHBI"
ESTABIjI
OTSEGO
Bull
Die
1854
SPECIAL
Steel
Brand
for Hot
No.
Rivet
Work
910
sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc., see
pages
12-13.
of steel manufactured
In the event
paiod,
the
cup
byGoogk
Digitized
oonsistentijY
uniform
SENECA
Price per
Base
and
Die
Brand
No.
500
Steel
pound
sizes:
Extra
**
Alloy Punch
Seneca
''
is
pages
14-15.
gives very
very
close dense
structure
and
It hardens
to
great
TREATMENT
To
"
Harden
Heat
1600"-
uniformly to 1500"1600"F.
at this temperature sufficiently
Hold
long
enough to soak the heat rightthrough the tool. Quench
in oil or water at 65"F.
Draw
to requirements.
"
slowly and
to
77
^^iDui^
^^Sdlu^"'
BSTAHIjISB[X3I"
1854
HURON
and
No.
Our
Steel
650
pound
for sizes,
etc,
annealing,
Extra
Die
brand
"Huron"
in the development of
see
is the result of
an
14-15.
pages
our
extensive experiments
sheets and
armature
discs. This
"
brand
"Huron"
is
for
free from
is particularly
twist in hardening. This steel willharden
an
tendency to warp or
iscon^stto a great depth and the lifeof the die after each grinding
entlyuniform.
any
HEAT
TREATMENT
to
Anneal
To
Harden"
"
Heat
Quench in oil,draw
Note: We
flipo^slowly and
to
recommend
or
requirements.
pack
or
lead pot
78
hardening.
CO
ri Y
UNIFORM
POMPTON
Eta-awingEMe Steel
Brand
No.
260
sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc., see
Extra
pages
12-13.
"
"
that
ening
so
allow
the
the
worn
be
to
same
originalsize.
This specialsteel is free from any tendency to crack
or
check, and will carry a very hard surface which
penetrates to a good depth.
For drawing die steel,which is required to shrink,
this steel is quite without an equal. It is very simple
to heat treat, no
specialinstructions having to be
observed.
HEAT
TREATMENT
To
"
1550"F.
To
Heat
Forge
Allow
Harden
1500"F.
"
to
Heat
Draw
to 1450"-
to
slightly
Note: For drawing dies, only the hole should be quenched, this
done best over a stream of water under pressure.
79
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^UDI^^""
^^"otM^
KSTABIjISHBI"
1854
HUDSON
Die
Alloy Drawing
Brand
No.
Steel
520
sizes:
14-15.
pages
"
ing
specialalloysteel developedfor drawdies. This steel will keep its shape on hardening
and
Hudson
brand
"
Hudson
"
intenselyhard
mend
coupled with great toughness. We stronglyrecomthis brand where long lengths of wire have to
be drawn with minimum
variation. Excellent plugs,
treat.
gauges,
HEAT
An
mint
dies, etc.
TREATMENT
Harden
"
Heai
We
recommend
pack
or
80
lead pot
quenched,this is
hardening.
"^^^I^^""
-"udlu^
X3STAHIjISII"3D
1854
SIOUX
Steel
special Razor
Brand
Price per
Base
No.
270
pound
sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc., see
Extra
"Sioux"
pages
12-13.
very
TREATMENT
HEAT
To
Heat
Forge
"
ISOO^F.
To
brand
Allow
Harden
"
to
Heat
slowly and
quench in oil
requirements.
1450"F.
and
or
82
water
Draw
to
UNIFORM
CONSISTENTLY
SIWASH
Special Roll
Brand
No.
Steel
920
for sizes,annealing,etc.,
see
pages
12-13.
Siwash
"
very
cold
metal
purposes.
HEAT
Supplied on request.
TREATMENT:
83
"Audlu^
"^^UDLU^""
E3STABZiISS"2I"
1854
SALISH
Carbon
Twist
Brand
Price
Per
Base
sizes:
Extra
"
Drill Steel
No.
280
Pound
pages
12-13.
Salish
has
been
use.
Suppliedin
HEAT
To
cold drawn
bars
or
coils.
TREATMENT
Harden
uniformly to 1400"1450"F.
Hold
at this temperature according to the
Draw
to requiresize,quench in oil or water at 65"F.
"
Heat
slowly and
ments.
84
CONSIST
ENTtiY
UNIFORM
ARAPAHO
Base
Extra
No.
Drill
Steel
470
potind
sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc.,
see
pages
12-13.
"
no
HEAT
TREATMENT
Harden
uniformly to 1450''l^fXfF.
Maintain
at this
temperature sufficiently
long to allow the steel to become thoroughlysaturated.
Draw
to requirements.
Quench in oil or water at 65"F.
To
"
Heat
slowly and
85
"^^UDLU^"
-^udlu^
ESTABrjISHBD
1854
CHEYENNE
Special Non-Corrosive
Brand
No.
Steel
630
sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc.,see
14-15.
pages
it is not
this purpose
recommended.
have
will not
stain
or
tarnish when
used
for fruit or
gar,
vine-
To
it is only necessary
to wash
byGoogk
Digitized
BALL
BEARING
SPECIAL
IN
STEEL
BALL
BEARING
USE
STEELS
PIEGAN
TETON
SPECIAL
BALL
BEARING
STEEL
NAVAHO
KUTANI
87
EXTRA
Est'd
lUDLUM^
1854
Digitized
byGoogk
STA
XjI
"^^^LU^""
"^udlu^
HED
excessive loads to
which
stressed
1854
surface of
the
race
has
but
roller bearing is
these
and
enormous
chrome
vanadium
stresses.
90
steels to take
care
of
Jli Y
UNIFORM
PIEGAN
No.
600
pound
per
sizes:
Base
for sizes,annealing,etc.,
Extra
see
pages
12-13.
This
"
are
present in chrome
so
of
local tion
segregachrome-carbide; therefore, this steel has no
tendency
brand
HEAT
To
"
and
ball
steel in cold
treated
to
spall (shelloff). We
to
for
steels due
drawn
rollers. We
bars
and
recommend
can
coils.
this
supply this
Speciallyheat
annealed.
TREATMENT
Harden
Heat
slowly and
91
"^^^LU^"
-^olu^
ESTABLISHED
1854
TETON
613
pound
sizes:
Extra
"
No.
Teton
"
pages
12-13.
for
has been designedespecially
races
and
HEAT
TREATMENT
Harden
"
Heat
slowly and
92
UNIFORM
CONSISTENTLY
SPECIAL
BALL
Our
BEARING
chrome
STEEL,
vanadium
ball
EXTRA
bearing steels
possibleto produce.
These
through,and
the
same
consistent
of the
ball
micro-structure
as
at
the
is
outside.
places,resultingin spalling,
in all chrome
which are so common
steels,are entirely
This is accomplished by our
removed.
specialprocess
for completely mixing the alloys in the molten
The
microscopicalhard
steel and
and
vana-
treatment.
93
'^up^^"
-"udlu^
SHED
XjI
STAB
1854
NAVAHO
Ball
450
No.
sizes:
Base
Extra
"
Navaho
"
is
very
pure,
pages
12-13.
recommend
this brand
bars
and
rollers.
Can
be
coils,heat-treated-
annealed.
HEAT
To
TREATMENT
Harden
"
Heat
slowly and
uniformly to
1450**-
94
CONSISTENTLY
UNIFORM
KUTANI
Ball
Bearing
Brand
Price per
No.
Extra
460
pound
sizes:
Base
Extra
"
Steel
Kutani
pages
12-13.
is of the
annealed
Harden
ISCWF.
to
bars.
TREATMENT
HEAT
To
"
and
insure
in oil or
"
Heat
slowly and
hold at this
complete saturation
water
at 65"F,
Draw
95
in
to
the steel.
Quench
requirements.
Es.d
"LUDLUM"
""4
Digitized
byGoogk
Est'd
-O-UDLUM^
"5-*
byGoogk
Digitized
PERMANENT
Many
for the
Xi
UNIFORM
MAGNET
STEEL
purpose
which
nent
perma-
magnet.
The essential characteristics demanded
permanent
magnet
and
any
tendency to
that
are
warp
or
check
of
manency,
per-
in hardening.
these
It must
2.
It must
have
essential
are.
large hysteresiscoefficient to
give the necessary retentivity.
a
be glasshard.
99
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^UpLU^"
-^UDUJ^
KSTABIjISSIBD
3.
It must
4.
The
have
very
1854
small micro-structure.
must
with
The
5.
6.
very
be very stapleand
affected by slighttemperatxire changes.
micro-structure
not
must
When
7.
The
mass
steel should
be
machined.
8.
The
steel must
The
be absolutelyhomogeneous.
steel which
strength and
steel. This
netic
mag-
is sten
tungvery fine
ther
closed electric circuit. It is fur-
that the
strength and
permanency
of
magnet
envelopes.
100
byGoogk
Digitized
uniform
oonsistentijY
The
with the carbon
forms
double
carbides,but does
of
reason
ing
peculiarpart about this interestsituation is that the hitherto generallyaccepted
to
theory no longerholds true, and the free ferritehitherconsidered absolutely essential is not apparently
present in the chrome alloy steel. It is necessary to
here
say
most
of chromium
steel
is so
at
of hardened
chromium
alloysteels to be fullyresolved. Under these circtimit is stillpossiblethat the theory held for
stances
applicable to
tungsten alloy and apparently not
chromitim
scopical
alloy,would stillbe correct if the microequipment and the etchingmediums
were
in a state of greater development.
101
"^^Ml^^""Auoui^
iSTABIjISHBD
1864
ATSINA
Tungsten
Brand
Price per
Base
pound
We
of
560
No.
sizes:
Extra
"
Steel
Magnet
and
14-15.
experiments,evolved a brand
Steel
which has higher coercive
"
Tungsten Magnet
values
pages
greater permanency
than
any
other
"
type of permanent
carries a
steel. "Atsina
magnet
correct
percentage of alloys,is of great purity and
cised
extremely homogeneous. Great care has been exer-
in its manufacture
the
desired micro-structure.
without
HEAT
so
any
tendency
TREATMENT:
to
as
to
This
completely insure
steel will harden
check, crack
or
warp.
Suppliedon request.
102
oonsistentijY
uniform
YUMA
Chrome
Magnet
Brand
Price per
No.
Steel
620
pound
Base sizes:
for sizes,annealing,etc., see
Extra
Our
12-13.
pages
"Chrome
oped
Magnet Steel" which has been develfor use as a permanent magnet will show cally
practiafter the firstageingperiod.
no loss in permanency
"Yuma"
has
greater coercive
force and
crack, check,
HEAT
or
TREATMENT:
permanence
steel. It will
any
tendency
warp.
Supplied on request.
103
Est'd
":LUDLUM:"
1854
byGoogk
EstM
"1UDLUM:"
1854
byGoogk
oonsistentijY
uniform
FORGING,
TEMPERING
AND
Carbon
There
making
1.
are
a
The
HARDENING
ANNEALING,
and
in
successful tool:
correct
carbon
3r
tempering.
FORGING
Forging should
be
conducted
with
the
greatest
The blacksmith should, if his equipment will
care.
allow, choose an oil or gas fired muffle furnace as
cause
the heating agent in preference to a forge fire beof the
when
ever,
of the temperature control. Howthe forge fire will give very
excellent results
is taken.
It is essential that a
care
proper
ease
be
the
decarbonization.
107
byGoogk
Digitized
"^^^LU^"
"^^dco^
ESTABIjISHED
blacksmith
The
back
on
must
never
18B4fc
"
essary
the shank any further than is absolutelynecof the forging. This is particto take care
ularly
important when
are
used.
soon
as
the
steel should
The
be
hammered
imtil the
should
be taken
not
to hammer
heat
and
be
this
lowed
al-
then be reheated
to
refine the
grain.
ANNEALING
Carbon
the hammer
or
readilymachined
is annealed
or
well worked
under
or
108
byGoogk
Digitized
uniform
oonsistentijY
first be annealed
the
and
this is easilyaccomplishedby
comparativelysimple operation of slowly and
no
1360*" to 1400*'F.
circumstances,be allowed
remain
temperature, but
to
at
machinable.
taken
blast and
is not
oxidizingor
has
annealed
without
furnace
should
show
the
heated
in
an
open
fire or
scale which
was
on
muffle
cooling
the
on
tool
face
previousto being reheated for annealing. If this suris disturbed at all it is due to the fire being dirty
or the result of too high a temperature.
to make
use
surround
etc., so
the
as
steel with
this preferablemethod
annealingis adopted and the tool allowed to remain
access
or
of
in
109
byGoogk
Digitized
"^UD^^"
-^UDLU^
BSTABriISSX2r"
1854
on
being
"
moved
re-
possibl
annealingsteel it is generallyquite imto prevent slightsurface decarbonization,and
This
much
to as
amount
as
yV*"to y.
In
this may
to the extent
which
the tool.
Provision should
for at least
i*"reduction on
steel after annealing. This is to insure the full temper
of the steel being present at the cutting edge of the
tool. Failure to observe this simple precaution of
the removal
of the skin, will often result in loss not
only due to a slight decarbonization but from an
excessive decarbonization causing soft spots on hardening.
HARDENING
byGoogk
Digitized
uniform
oonsistentijY
to
hardened
tool to be
remove
should
first be
any
to
number
can
or
be done
gas
to be heated
and
uniform
be taken
best in
be very
an
oil
must
the tool
It is also essential
gentle and
the tool be
conveyed
the steel in a uniform
across
manner.
Immediately
the tool has been uniformly heated through, from a
dull to a full cherry red, varying with the temper,
that is from 1375*^ to ISOO^'F.,it should be quickly
withdrawn
from the fire and chilled in the cooling
mediiun.
The tool should be agitated,as this will
over
and
over
so
111
"^^^I^^""^DLU^
BSTABX"ISHSI"
prevent any
the steel
more
1854
will cool
preferably
good
clean water at about 65*^F. If a tough center tool is
required,water 80*^F. will be found most satisfactory,
The
brine
or
quenching medium
acid solution
is
be used if extreme
can
is required.It is generallybetter to
use
ness
hard-
higher
are
New
fish oil.
Lard
oil,75%
as
seed oil.
of the
first three
are
of quenching.
Under
circxmistances may
the steel be
quenched from a falling
temperature. The temperature
for
must
always be risingor stationary.The reason
no
byGoogk
Digitized
ESS
TABU
to the
soft state.
slightlycoarser
the
-^udlu^
"^^LU^"
I SHED
The
1854
grain, but
not
sufficient to overheat
This
TEMPERING
cutting,punching or having
to withstand heavy stresses should be tempered either
slightlyor almost to the annealed stage. If the tool
served
is slightlytempered very littledifference will be obin the hardness, as far as cuttingis concerned,
but a very great difference will be noticed in the strength
All tools to be used for
of
the
steel.
the temperature
assiunes
straw
to
blue.
This
tint
or
as
same
light
is really
very
tarnish,which
byGoogk
Digitized
TTNirORM
OONSISTENTIiY
tween
and
surface
tint of dark
changed
all.
at
plateor flame be
cause
The
tools to be
best method
tempered
in
known
is to immerse
60
minutes
according
with
to
the
their sizes.
and
the
slowly
certain definite
number
Then
of articles
let the tools
tempering operationis
very simple and is extremely inexpensiveand should
be adopted for all high grade tools.
115
Est'd
XUDLUM
1854
Digitized
byGoogk
SPEED
HIGH
TOOL
INSTRUCTIONS
STEEL
FOR
FORGING
ANNEALING
HARDENING
TEMPERING
CUTTERS
MILLING
SHAPE
AND
LATHE
TOOLS
PLANER
117
AND
TOOLS
Est'd
LUDLUM.
1854
Digitized
byGoogk
TTNirORM
OONSISTENTIiY
INSTRUCTIONS
WORKING
FOR
HIGH
SPEED
STEEL
Cutting- Off.
cut
saw.
To
with
an
To
"
abrasive
cut
do
saw;
not
nick
break.
or
If of
LATHE
To
AND
PLANER
TOOLS
to stiffen under
the hammer.
to an
the
orange
Under
no
circumstances
color about
1700"F.
Reheat
is necessary
to finish forging the tool to
shape. Allow the tool to cool after forgingby burying
the tool in dry ashes or lime. Do not placeon the
as
damp
as
ground
or
The
preferablyin
in
draught of air.
"^up^^"
"^udlu^
BSTABIilSHISD
1854
not
convenient
reached.
Do
use
not
than
is
necessary
black hot.
To
remove
to llOO^F
Cool in oil
or
the
phere.
atmos-
up checks
on
120
STAB
IjI
S"2X"
-^ud^^
1854
as
is
essary
nec-
or
in
Remove
before the
tool
is
be
two
sired
dehigher drawing temperatures are
than
those possiblewith
oil,a salt bath can
used.
A very excellent bath is made
by mixing
parts by weight of crude potassium nitrate and
three
parts crude
at about
450"F. and
nitrate.
sodium
can
be used
up
These
to
will melt
1000"F.
fore
Be-
122
byGoogk
Digitized
Note:
between
heat
The
above
colors
only approximately
,
and
is
CENT.
SCALE
COLOR
temperatures.
correct.
FAHR.
Such
scheme
can
be
UNIFORM
OONSISTENTXiY
HEAT
In
COLORS
Diffused
Moderate
Daylight, with
mate
Approxi-
Temperatures
Color
Scale
Names.
White.
Light YeUow
Lemon
Orange
Salmon
BrightRed
Bright Cherry Red
The
above
between
is
heat
illustration can
For
graphic suggestion of
colors
pages
temperatures.
Such
an
only be approximatelycorrect.
comparison
Scales,see
and
relation
the
ot
130 and
Fahrenheit
131.
125
and
Centigrade
Ij I S
X3 Z"
^^mj^^'
1854
S"
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5!
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s"a2gr
126
byGoogk
Digitized
-s
USEFUL
INFORMATION
127
Est'd
LUDLUM.
1854
Digitized
byGoogk
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WEIGHT
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STEEL
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133
OF
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w
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135
by^^OOgk
Digitized
"^^UDI^^""
^AiiDUJ^
KSTABIjISHICr)
1854
OF
WEIGHTS
OCTAGON
ROUND
HEXAGON
SQUARE
Carbon
Bar
Steel
Round
Size
i...,
A
i
042
094
167
T^j
261
376
511
i
A
668
845
1.043
H
i
H
1.262
1.502
Per
Foot
Square
Octagon Hexagon
053
120
213
04...
10...
18...
.05
.10
.18
332
.478
651
28...
40...
54...
.41
.56
850
1.076
1.328
1.10...
.74
.93
1.15
1.763
1.607
1.913
2.245
1.33...
1.58...
1.86...
1.40
1.66
1.94
2.044
2.347
2.670
2.603
2.989
3.400
216...
2.48...
2.82...
2.25
2.59
2.94
li
li..
H
3.379
4.173
4.303
5.312
6.428
3.56...
4.40...
5.29...
li
li
IJ...
6.008
7.051
8.178
7.650
8.978
10.41
6.34...
7.44...
8.64...
J
ij.
1
5.049...,.
70...
89...
.29
,
3.73
4.60
5.54
6.63
7.78
9.02
2i
9.388
10.68
12.06
11.95
13.60
15.35
9.90...
11.26...
12.71...
.10.36
.11.78
13.30
2i
21
2}
13.52
15.07
16.69
17.22
19.18
14.26...
15.88...
21.25
17:60...
.14.91
.16.62
.18.41
U
2
Note:
Note:
For
See
13%.
139.
136
byGoogk
Digitized
^^idlm^
"^^^^"
E3STABIjISH"2r"
WEIGHT
OF
1854
STEEL
BARS
For hot-worked
One
cubic inch
One
cubic foot
Specificgravity 7.854.
For
Mohawk
The
table of
per cent.
weightsabout
6 per cent
heavier than
Since
bar-steel is usuallyfurnished
AND
WIRE
hammered
drawn
steel
gravity7.848.
To
figureapproximately the
weight
of
Cold-Rolled
Steel
or
Flat Wires:
Divide
the
of an
thickness,in thousandths
inch, by 300; the
quotient will be the weight per foot of a strip 1 inch wide. Or
divide by 25; the quotientwill be the weight of one square foot.
Examples
Thickness
of
Thickness
of
stripin thousandths, 18
divided by 300=.06
pound per foot for a
divided by 25=.72
pound
for 1 square
138
one
foot.
inch
strip;
OONSISTENTXiY
UNIFORM
OCTAGON
HEXAGON
AND
CARBON
BARS
The
Half-Round,
Half-Oval
and
One
Pounds
per Foot
Oval
Half Round,
Inch
Inch
1
.
xi
li.
li.
.lixi
li.
U.
.lixj
Uxl
.lixA.
"
2
.
2x1
.
pounds
Half-Oval
Pounds
per Foot
Inch
.186
.253
331
Steel
Bar
IxA.
.093
.127
.166
...617
...744
.1.013
fxA.
.269
.372
.607
.1.323
.1.624
.2.067
14 X}..
...662
lixA.
UxA.
...812
.1.034
Uxf
l}x,V
1.488
2.026
2.645
.2.976
.4.069
.5.299
ixA.
ixA.
xi
139
byGoogk
Digitized
WIRE
Sizes
in Decimal
GAUGES
Parts
of
Incli
an
140
byGoogk
Digitized
G AUG
WIRE
Sizes
in Decimal
For fractionsof
one
ES-Continued
Parts
of
an
Inch
145.
II
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142
byGoogk
Digitized
UNIFORM
CONSISTBNTIL.Y
1 gram
1 meter
1 millimeter
1 metric ton
(
1000 kilograms }
1.016 metric ton I
1016 kilograms )
Unit
1
1
1000
lUUU
15.432 grains
39.371 inches or 3.28083 feet
0.03937 inch, or -^ in. approx.
J 2204.6 pounds
1 .9842
"
1 ton
ton
Millimeters
sq. millimeter
"
Kilograms
to
to Pounds
Kilograms
0-70308
^q g^g
pounds
pounds.
Pounds
to inches
_/
of 2240
of 2240
sq. centimeter
IKq nerqn
in
lbs.
per sq. m.
or
Inches to
Millimeters
kilogram per
kilogram per
FACTORS
CONVERSION
METRIC
14.2234
143
byGoogk
Digitized
"^UOLU^"
BSTABIjISSSD
FRACTIONS
IN
OF
ONE
EQUIVALENT
OF
AN
1854
MILLIMETER
DECIMALS
INCH
144
byGoogk
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"^^OLU^"
"^UiOLun-
BSTABIjISSBI)
TO
Set
as
there
the decimal
INTO
a
as
and
numerator,
place
ciphersannexed
many
and
1854
decimal
are
as
1 with
the denominator
as
FRACTION
COMMON
the decimal
down
A DECIMAL
CONVERT
A
reduce
erase
the
0.125
"^^
1000"
0.3333
CONVERT
TO
to the numerator
as
many
LOOOO
-5-
approx.
FRACTION
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by a decimal
of decimal
to give the number
DECIMAL
the numerator
COMMON
A
INTO
Divide
^^
0.333
plus
146
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byGoogk
Digitized
"^^UOLU^""
-^uoLUto-
BSTABIjISSBD
USEFUL
find the
To
area
1854
INFORMATION
of
circle,
multiplythe
square
of
by .7854,
the diameter
find the
To
area
of
an
find the
area
find the
area
find the
area
of
of
of
hexagon, multiplythe
of the diameter of the inscribed circleby .866.
square
triangle,
multiplythe base by
one-half the perpendicular
height.
To
distance between
find the
To
area
of
To
area
them.
of the section of
flat bar,
or
the
rectangle,
multiplythe width by the thickness.
find the
multiplythe
number
area
of cubic
in inches.
The
weight of
490
The
The
mately
approxi-
mately
approxi-
pounds.
weight of
.285
one
one
pound.
cast-iron averages
7.22,and white
iron 7.65.
148
byGoogk
Digitized
UNIFORM
OONSISTBNTriY
the
are
much
heavier
than
from
of chromitun
and
14 per
In
cent.
as
as
tool steel.
149
13
txmgsten
cent
heavier than
E8t*d
lUDLUM.
1854
Digitized
byGoogk
INDEX
Page
No.
69
80
74
Alloy Punch
and
Die Steel,"Huron".
78
Alloy Punch
and
Die
Steel,"Seneca"
77
16
Steel,Carbon
and;
see
Treatment, (Instructions
Its
page
composition and
43
90)
59
Steels,Forging etc
107
Steel
upon
23
Alloy Steels
"Apache", Special Tong Bit Steel,Brand No. 850
"Arapaho", Moy Twist Drill Steel,Brand No. 470
Annealing, Carbon
and
Steel,Brand
BaU
Bearing Steel,"Teton"
No.
220, "Elba"
Brand
No.
Brand
Brand
No.
560
108
81
85
102
89
91
92
Ball
"and
Heat
'
93
94
95
139
138
9
76
64
64
230, 'Pompton'
'
63
No.
240. "Pompton
Extra"
63
No.
250, "Pompton
62
Brand
Special"
No. 260, "Pompton"
Drawing Die
Brand
No.
270, "Sioux"
82
Brand
No.
280, "Salish"
84
Brand
No.
300, "Pequot"
68
79
-^^"LU^"
^^wolu^
EJSTABIjISHEU
1854
Page
No.
Brand
71
Brand
69
420, "Oswego"
Brand No. 430, "Otsego"
Brand No. 450, "Navabo"
Brand No. 460, "Kutani"
74
95
Brand
No. 470,
85
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
75
94
"Arapaho"
500, "Seneca"
Brand No. 520. "Hudson"
77
80
72
Brand
Brand
No.
550, "IroquoisSpecial"
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
Brand
No.
560, "Atsina"
600, "Piegan"
610, "Teton"
620, "Yuma"
630, "Cheyenne"
650, "Huron"
710, "Oneida"
Brand
Brand
Brand
Brand
No.
850, "Apache"
Brand
No.
870. "Mohawk"
Brand
Brand
Brinell Hardness
Carbon
73
102
91
92
103
86
78
70
53
52
Extra"
Extra"
Tool Holder
54
Bits
81
Extrusion
81
Die Steel
76
Special"
83
147
Numerals
16
and
AlloySteel,Disc Extras
Carbon and Alloy Steel,Disc weights
Carbon and AlloySteel,Ring Extras
Carbon
Carbon
Carbon
18
Treatment
Carbon
17
see
(Instructions
page
and
90)
107
Heat43
59
136
-^uolu^
"^uow^"
BSTABIjISHSD
1854
Page
"F.
No.
64
72
73
19
15
107
140
110
Hardness
147
72
73
43
Brinell Numerals
125
Colors,Table
Heat Treatment, Carbon and Alloy Tool Steels,
(Instructions
43
see page 90)
51
High Speed Steel
14
High Speed Steel,Classificationof Extras
17
High Speed Steel Discs
17
High Speed Steel Discs,weight of
15
High Speed Steel Forged Die Blocks
120
High Speed Steel,Heat Treatment
119
High Speed Steel,Instructions for working
53
High Speed Steel,"Mohawk"
Extra"
52
High Speed Steel,"Mohawk
Extra".
54
High Speed Steel,Tool Holder Bits,"Mohawk
High Speed Steel,Weights, Rounds, Squares, Flats per inch
Heat
.....
and
per
foot
132-133
Hot
76
75
10
80
78
OONSISTENTlLiY
UNIFORM
Page
Information,Customer's
Instructions for Forging,Hardening, Annealing and Tempering
No.
9
107
10
119
Introduction
72
95
Ludlum
73
Steel
Magnet Steel,Permanent
Magnet Steel,Chrome, "Yuma"
Magnet Steel,Tungsten,"Atsina"
Manganese, its Effect
Metric
Conversion
"Mohawk
"Mohawk
Brand
"Mohawk"
103
102
34
Factors
Millimeters Conversion
"Mohawk",
99
143
Table
142
53
52
Bits,
830
Extrusion
54
Die Steel
81
71
94
23
30
86
70
139
No
710.
Ordering
70
9
No.
74
155
""uolu^
"^^UOLU^"
BSTABXjISHI^D
1854
Page
Magnet Steel
Permanent
Prices,Ring Extras
Steel,Alloy,"Seneca"
and Die Steel,SpecialAlloy,"Huron"
and
Die
74
75
79
63
63
62
77
78
9
82
Ring Extras
Rivet Set Steel,Special
Pneumatic, "Otsego"
Roll Steel
91
112
Steel,"Sioux"
"
68
18
76
99
Punch
75
Payments
Punch
No.
18
75
83
Siwasb"
Sales
122
77
9
Shipments
Table, Decimal
84
Table,
Table, Disc Weights
"
*'
83
147
Numerals
Equivalentsof Fractions
"
82
145
144
17
156
OONSISTBNTriY
UNIFORM
Page
Table, Heat
125
Colors
Factors
Conversion
Table. Millimeters
143
Table, Official
142
144
18
130
126
123
136
139
139
138
134
132-133
140
Temper Numbers
59
Tempering,Carbon
Tempering Tables
and
Alloy Steels
107
126
Terms
Tool Holder
No.
Bit Steel,"Mohawk
Extra"
No. 610
92
81
54
69
81
78
71
70
Tool Steel,AUoy,
"Oswego"
74
Tool Steel,AUoy,
'
75
Tool Steel,AUoy,
"OtsegoSpecial"
80
'
'Otsego'
76
68
64
77
157
BlSTABXilSSBD
^udlu^
^UpLU^"
"
1854
Page
Tool
No
64
63
79
63
62
12
59
72
73
67
57
37
102
14
132-133
85
84
UseftilInformation
148
Warranty
Weight of Flat Carbon Bar Steel per foot
Wdght of Half Round Ovals and Half Ovals
Extra Steel,Rounds
Weights, Mohawk
per inch
Extra Steel,Rounds
Weights, Mohawk
per foot
Extra Steel,Flats per inch
Weights, Mohawk
Extra Steel,Flats per foot
Weights, Mohawk
Extra Steel,Square per inch
Weights, Mohawk
Extra Steel,Square per foot
Weights, Mohawk
Weight of Octagon and Hexagon Bars, per foot
Wdght of Sted Bars
Weights,Discs
Wire Gauges
"Yuma", Chrome
Magnet Steel,Brand
158
No. 620
9
134-135
139
132
132
133
133
132
132
139
138
17
140
103
OONSISTENTHiY
UNIFORM
MEMORANDUM
159