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When a spoonful of sugar is added to a glass of water and starred, the sugar
disappears. The resulting mixture tastes sweet. The taste is uniform through
out the mixture. In this separate sugar particles cannot be seen either
with naked eye (or) by the most powerful microscope. From this we may
conclude that the crystals of sugar are broken into very small particles and
are distributed components uniformly (or) homogenously through out.
This mixture is called homogenous mixture (or) solutions. The substances
which are used in making solutions are called components.
Solution: Homogenous mixture of two (or) more components whose
composition vary within certain limits known as solution.
Ex: Sugar in water, sodium chloride (common salt) in water alcohol in water.
Binary Solution: A solution containing only two components is called
binary solution.
Ex: Sugar and water, salt and water.
Note:
solvent.
Solute:
Solute:
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Note:
Types of Solutions:
I Types of Solution (Based on nature of solvent)
(i) Aqueous solution: A solution in which water serves as solvent is called
Aqueous solution.
Eg: Sugar in water.
(ii) Non aqueous solution: A solution in which solvent is water is called
non-aqueous solution.
Eg: Phosphorous in carbon disulphide
Note: If alcohol is solvent, the solution is called alcoholic solution.
If either is solvent, the solution is called ethereal solution.
If liquid ammonia is solvent, the solution is called ammonical
solution.
In amalgams, mercury is one of the components.
II Types of Solution: Based on the physical states of the solvent and
solute, solutions are nine types.
(1) Solid solutions: In these solutions, solvent is solid where as solute may
be a solid (or) liquid (or) gas.
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Eg: Amalgam
Note: Air is solution of several gases like N2, O2, mist gases, CO2, water
vapour etc.
III Types of Solution: Basing on the relative amounts of the dissolved
solute, solutions can be classified into saturated solutions, unsaturated
solutions and super saturated solutions.
Condition: The experiment should be done at temperature.
Experiment:
Step1: Take 100ml of water in a beaker and add a few grams of powder
sodium thiosulphate (commonly called (Hypo).
Result: Hypo dissolves in the water taken.
Step2: Add a few more grams of sodium thiosulphate and shake. It dissolves
again. Continue the process till some of the hypo remains undissolved.
Result: Some amount of hypo remains undissolved and settles at
the bottom of the beaker.
Step3: When the above solution is heated (Temperature rises), the
undissolved hypo slowly dissolves. After is complete, slowly cool the
resultant solution to room temperature without shaking (or) any other
disturbance.
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Saturated solution:
A solution that can dissolve any more of the solute at the given temperature,
is called a saturated solution.
(or)
A solution containing the maximum amount of dissolved solute at the given
temperature is called a saturated solution.
(or)
A saturated solution is defined as a solution, in which the dissolved
molecules of the solute are in equilibrium with undissolved solute.
Solute
Solute
(Undissolved)
(Dissolved)
Some solute molecules break away from the undissolved solute and pass
into the solution. In turn, an equal number of solute molecules separate out
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from the solution and deposit over the undissolved solute. The system is
said to be in dynamic equilibrium.
Super Saturated solution:
EXERCISE
I. Short answer questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All the solutions are mixtures but not all mixtures are solutions
explain.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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