Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A
PROJECT BY
SOUNAK SARKAR
SAYAN DAS
ARINDAM BOSE
ECE, 4TH YEAR
OF
FUTURE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank Prof. Somnath Maiti, former Head of the Dept. of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his valuable suggestions
and advices throughout the project that helped us a lot to sort out all the
problems.
We would like to thank Prof. Debashis Chakraborty, Head of the
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering.
We are grateful to other honorable faculty of our college to prop up
confidence level and motivating me throughout the process, that help us
to move ahead towards the completion of the project.
We also acknowledge Birla Industrial and Technological Museum
with thanks for selecting our model for demonstration in Science and
Engineering Fair, 2012.
SOUNAK SARKAR
SAYAN DAS
ARINDAM BOSE
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ABSTRACT
Cultural property management is entrusted with the responsibility of
protecting and preserving an institution's buildings, collections, operations
and occupants. Constant attention is required to minimize adverse impact
due to climate, pollution, theft, vandalism, insects, mold and fire. Because
of the speed and totality of the destructive forces of fire, it constitutes one
of the more serious threats. Vandalized or environmentally damaged
structures can be repaired and stolen objects recovered. Items destroyed
by fire, however, are gone forever. An uncontrolled fire can obliterate an
entire room's contents within a few minutes and completely burn out a
building in a couple hours.
The first step toward halting a fire is to properly identify the incident,
raise the occupant alarm, and then notify emergency response
professionals. This is often the function of the fire detection and alarm
system. Several system types and options are available, depending on the
specific characteristics of the protected space.
The following project presents an overview of fire detection and
automatic fire alert to the emergency response professionals.
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Table of Contents
Chapters
Page no.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. AVAILABLE FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
1.2. AUTOMATION IN FIRE ALERT IN OUR SYSTEM
4
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1. ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER IC
3.2. 74LS373 OCTAL D-TYPE TRI-STATE TRANSPARENT LATCH
3.3. LM35 PRECISION CENTIGRADE TEMPERATURE SENSORS
10
10
11
12
4. ADVANTAGES
13
5. PRICE LIST
14
6. CONCLUSION
15
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
15
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1. INTRODUCTION
An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted
presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with
combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either
automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarm
systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the
event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises
location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the
structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire.
A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fire
emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building's occupants and
fire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarm
systems. Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and use type,
number and type of occupants and criticality of contents and mission,
these systems can provide several main functions.
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This system is a typical Fire Alarming system with great efficiency and advancement.
When It will detect that there is fire nearby by measuring the temperature, it will call
concerned authority or Fire-station automatically, so that action can be taken rapidly.
It will also switch on other fire extinguishing system installed on the premises.
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Measure Temperature
Is Temperature
higher than
Danger limit?
Fig.7: Algorithm
When +5v power supply is given to the microcontroller, temperature sensor and display, the
circuit starts to function. Data is collected from the temperature sensor; this data is fed into the
ADC located in the MCU and hence converted into digital value and sent to the display unit, where
we can see the temperature. When the temperature is above the danger limit it will activate the
call processing by the attached mobile phone, as well as it will switch on other fire extinguishing
circuit.
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Power
Supply
Display
Microcontroller
Sender
Receiver
Temperature
Sensor
Switch on Fire
Extinguishing System
The heart of the project is the microcontroller. There is a temperature sensor, here we have used
LM35, precision centigrade temperature sensor. The MCU will have ADC inbuilt. The display unit
can be a 7 segment display or an LCD display. The mobile can be of any type of GSM module inbuilt.
And the Fire Extinguishing System is the other logically controllable Fire Extinguishing System.
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In this project we have arranged such a system, where the alarm receiving party through mobile
phone will experience an alarming voice, which will say the emergency message as well as the fireaffected address. This is essential for a fire alarming system because a simple call or a missed call
does not alert the intended person effectively. So we decided to play an emergency voice message.
This voice message is nothing but digital PCM values to a phone speaker which are stored in the
same microcontroller used here. But our voice is an analog signal. So these PCM values are
generated in following process.
Step 1: Generate a 32-bit voice file through recording media or by Text-to-Speech Converter.
Step 2: Convert the 32-bit voice file to a 8-bit, PCM Uncompressed, 8000 Hz, Mono channel File.
Step 3: Now this file is converted to an array of PCM values.
Now these values are ready to use. These values can be stored in the microcontroller and can be
converted again to analog voltage level and can be fed to the mobile microphone and hence can be
played through the phone.
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3. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1. ATMEGA16 MICROCONTROLLER IC
The ATmega16 is a 40 pin low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced
RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves
throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designers to optimize power
consumption versus processing speed.
The Atmega16 has three key features that satisfy our objective. These are as follows: 512 Bytes EEPROM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
8 bit multi-channel analog-to-digital converter
Fig.10: ATmega16
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4. ADVANTAGES
This design has some advantages:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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5. PRICE LIST
No.
Parts Name
Quantity
Price in INR.
1+1
`150+`5
2+2
`20+`6
`8
`40
15+1
`3+`0.50
2+2
`1 +`2
`60
8 Diodes: (1N4007)
`4
9 7 segment Display
`24
`2
5 Resistance: 150 + 1k
6 Capacitors: 1000 pF + 10 F/63V
10 LEDs: Red
`3
11 Connecting wires
12 Vero Board
13 1.5 V Battery + Battery Holder
`25
4+1
`28+`20
`20
14 Casing + Screws
Total
This is the price of only one module. This excludes the price of the GSM Mobile phone. One can use
any GSM mobile phone he/she chooses. So the total price of the design depends on the price of the
Mobile phone. It can be noted that maximum 8 numbers of this alarming module can be connected
to a single mobile phone at a time through a priority encoder.
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6. CONCLUSION
We have made provisions for a single call to be forwarded to the emergency response
officials. In Future more than one call can be initiated to the concerned authorities
Our system is designed to forward an emergency call in response to a fire to the concerned
firefighting officials. In future SMS technology can be incorporated.
The accuracy and speed of operation can be upgraded by using sensors of higher sensitivity.
The speed of operation can be increased by using high speed microcontroller and other
integrated components used.
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
We have consulted some websites for this project. These are
http://www.google.com
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
http://www.alldatasheets.com
http://www.rsatechbook.webs.com
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