Question 1

5 out of 5 points

The term __________ refers to large-scale deformation of Earth's

lithosphere.
Selected Answer:

tectonics
Correct Answer:

tectonics

Question 2
5 out of 5 points

Earth's __________ includes the crust and part of the upper mantle.
Selected Answer:

lithosphere
Correct Answer:

lithosphere

Question 3
5 out of 5 points

A scientific __________ is a well tested and widely accepted view that

scientists agree best explains observable facts.
Selected Answer:

theory
Correct Answer:

theory

Question 4
5 out of 5 points

The __________ is a hot, weak zone that is capable of gradual flow located
within Earth between the depths of 100 and 350 kilometers.
Selected Answer:

asthenosphere
Correct Answer:

asthenosphere

Question 5
5 out of 5 points

The doctrine of __________ is commonly stated as "the present is the key to

the past."

Selected Answer:

uniformitarianism
Correct Answer:

uniformitarianism

Question 6
5 out of 5 points

A scientific __________ is a preliminary, untested explanation of a natural

phenomenon.
Selected Answer:

hypothesis
Correct Answer:

hypothesis

Question 7
5 out of 5 points

The accepted age of Earth is about __________ years.

Selected Answer:

4.5 billion
Correct Answer:

4.5 billion

Question 8
5 out of 5 points

__________ are the remains or traces of prehistoric life.

Selected Answer:

Fossils
Correct Answer:

Fossils

Question 9
5 out of 5 points

The science of geology is traditionally divided into two broad areasphysical geology and __________ geology.
Selected Answer:

historical
Correct Answer:

historical

Question 10
5 out of 5 points

According to the plate tectonics model, Earth's rigid outer shell is broken
into large slabs called __________.
Selected Answer:

plates
Correct Answer:

plates

Question 11
5 out of 5 points

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three classes of rocks?
Selected Answer:

amorphous
Correct Answer:

amorphous

Question 12
5 out of 5 points

Subduction zones are usually associated with oceanic ridge systems.

Selected Answer:

False

Correct Answer:

False

Question 13
5 out of 5 points

The physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today also
operated in the geologic past.
Selected Answer:

True

Correct Answer:

True

Question 14
5 out of 5 points

Radioactivity is used to determine numerical geologic dates.

Selected Answer:

True

Correct Answer:

True

Question 15
5 out of 5 points

Geologists are now able to assign fairly accurate dates to events in Earth's
history.
Selected Answer:

True

Correct Answer:

True

Question 1
5 out of 5 points

The process whereby ions begin to arrange themselves into orderly

patterns is called __________.
Selected Answer:

crystallization
Correct Answer:

crystallization

Question 2
5 out of 5 points

The volcanic (fine-grained) equivalent of granite is __________.

Selected Answer:

rhyolite
Correct Answer:

rhyolite

Question 3
5 out of 5 points

Igneous rocks are most often classified by their __________ and mineral
composition.
Selected Answer:

texture
Correct Answer:

texture

Question 4
5 out of 5 points

__________ are the spherical or elongated openings seen in many aphanitic

rocks left by escaping gas bubbles as magma solidifies.
Selected Answer:

Vesicles

Correct Answer:

Vesicles

Question 5
5 out of 5 points

Which one of the following does NOT refer to the texture of an igneous
rock?
Selected Answer:

clastic
Correct Answer:

clastic

Question 6
5 out of 5 points

Igneous rocks which have potassium feldspar and quartz as their primary
components are said to have a(n) __________ composition.
Selected Answer:

granitic
Correct Answer:

granitic

Question 7
5 out of 5 points

The most important factor affecting the texture of an igneous rock is the
__________ of the magma.
Selected Answer:

rate of cooling
Correct Answer:

rate of cooling

Question 8
5 out of 5 points

The slow cooling of magma results in the formation of rather __________

mineral crystals.
Selected Answer:

large
Correct Answer:

large

Question 9
5 out of 5 points

The intrusive equivalent of basalt is __________.

Selected Answer:

gabbro
Correct Answer:

gabbro

Question 10
5 out of 5 points

The best-known and most important ore deposits are those that are
produced from __________ solutions.
Selected Answer:

hydrothermal
Correct Answer:

hydrothermal

Question 11
5 out of 5 points

Rocks that consist of unordered atoms are referred to as __________.

Selected Answer:

glass
Correct Answer:

glass

Question 12
5 out of 5 points

The rocks that result when lava solidifies are referred to as extrusive, or
volcanic.
Selected Answer:

True

Correct Answer:

True

Question 13
5 out of 5 points

Phenocrysts refer to the matrix of smaller crystals in a porphyritic igneous

rock.
Selected Answer:

False

Correct Answer:

False

Question 14
5 out of 5 points

Granite is the most common extrusive igneous rock.

Selected Answer:

False

Correct Answer:

False

Question 15
5 out of 5 points

Obsidian is a dark-colored, glassy rock which usually forms when silica-rich

lava is quenched quickly.
Selected Answer:

True

Correct Answer:

True

Which of the following factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption

will be violent or relatively quiescent?
Selected
Answer:

Correct
Answer:

only the amount of dissolved gas in the magma and the

temperature of the magma
all of these
Question 2
5 out of 5 points

A lava flow with a surface of rough, jagged blocks and sharp, angular
projections is termed __________ lava.
Selected Answer:

aa
Correct Answer:

aa

Question 3
5 out of 5 points

The most abundant gas associated with volcanic activity is __________.

Selected Answer:

water vapor
Correct Answer:

water vapor

Question 4
5 out of 5 points

The most violent volcanic activity is associated with __________.

Selected Answer:

composite cones
Correct Answer:

composite cones

Question 5
5 out of 5 points

The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent

example of __________.
Selected Answer:

flood basalts
Correct Answer:

flood basalts

Question 6
5 out of 5 points

Which of the factors listed below affects the melting point of rock and
sediment?
Selected Answer:

all of these
Correct Answer:

all of these

Question 7
5 out of 5 points

Kilauea is an example of a __________.

Selected Answer:

shield volcano
Correct Answer:

shield volcano

Question 8
5 out of 5 points

Mount St. Helens is an example of a __________.

Selected Answer:

composite cone
Correct Answer:

composite cone

Question 9
5 out of 5 points

This type of volcano is usually created when andesitic lavas are extruded.
Selected Answer:

composite cone
Correct Answer:

composite cone

Question 10
5 out of 5 points

Shiprock, New Mexico, is thought to be a __________.

Selected Answer:

volcanic neck
Correct Answer:

volcanic neck

Question 11
5 out of 5 points

Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the
__________.
Selected Answer:

Ring of Fire
Correct Answer:

Ring of Fire

Question 12
5 out of 5 points

The Cascade Range in the western United States is associated with

__________ volcanism.
Selected Answer:

subduction zone
Correct Answer:

subduction zone

Question 13
5 out of 5 points

The largest igneous intrusive body is called a __________.

Selected Answer:

batholith

Correct Answer:

batholith

Question 14
5 out of 5 points

Which one of the following intrusive structures is tabular and concordant?

Selected Answer:

sill
Correct Answer:

sill

Question 15
5 out of 5 points

The volcanic eruptions on the island of Hawaii may be described as

relatively quiet when compared to eruptions such as those that occurred
at Mount St. Helens.
Selected Answer:

True

Correct Answer:

True