INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT

ON
ECHJAY INDUSTRIES
PVT LTD.
PREPARED BY
VIHAR M VIRADIA
CLASS

: S.Y.B.B.A.

ACADAMIC YEAR

: 2013-14

ENROLLMENT NO. : 12100101724

COLLEGE

: GRACE COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

SUBMITTED TO
SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT
GUIDED BY
Ms. DHARA VYAS

PRACTICAL STUDY REPORT

OF
ECHJAY INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD.

Under Gone Training Period

DECLARATION
I, the undersigned, VIHAR M VIRADIA a student of
S.Y.B.B.A. hereby declare that the project work presented in this
report is my own work and has been carried out under the
supervision of Miss. DHARA VYAS of Grace College of
Commerce, Rajkot.
This work has not been previously submitted to any other
university for any examination.

Date: 31/01/2014
Place: RAJKOT

__________
(VIHAR M VIRADIA)

PREFACE
In the B.B.A. faculty only the theoretical knowledge of
business is not enough for achieving all over knowledge of
business management, practical training is also important as
almost all aspects of human life keeping this in mind, Saurashtra
university has include the subject of practical studies or
industrial training in B.B.A. of 10 days in S.Y.B.B.A.
The industrial activity plays a crucial role in over all
economic growth of the developing countries like India, in India
Gujarat is one of the industrial developed states.
I had attended on industrial training at ECHJAY
INDUSTRIES PVT LTD, Rajkot. It is well known forging unit
using advanced technology and equipment. The report submitted
here, which provide all information that I have obtained my
practical training at ECHJAY INDUSTRIES PVT LTD.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, took myself fortunate enough to study in this faculty and
that too at reputed Grace College Rajkot. It so happens as our
university has recognized the practical study of industry in our
course as a subject.
This helps us to know and make us aware about the
industrial management, administration and industrial working.
For this I heartily thank Miss. DHARA VYAS with whose
efforts and guidance we are make able to get permission from so
and so industries.
Moreover, I again thank Miss. DHARA VYAS who guided
us regarding the preparation of report. She accompanied us and
made us aware of the situation and encouraged us for
preparation of report. She provided such and every information
both before the training.

GENERAL INDEX
Sr. no.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)

Particulars
General information
Production Planning and Control department
Personnel department
Marketing department
Finance department
SWOT Analysis
Future plans
Suggestion
Conclusions
Bibliography

GENERAL
INFORMATION

CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) History & Development
3) Company Profile
4) Organization Structure
5) Location Of Unit

INTRODUCTION
Today, market is Global. Every Industry and Organization is
engaged in tough competition to survive in this global market. Every
industry uses their strategies and working to compete with each other.
Due to technology and industrial development India is thriving towards
development and a better industrial face. Industry is divided into 3 major
segments- a) Agriculture, b) Manufacturing and c) Service.
.
Echjay Industries Pvt. Ltd. is large-scale industry, which have very
good name in the forging industry. Recently, Echjay has been getting
certificate of ISO/TS-16949. In India only 7 company and in the world 60
company have this certificate. So, this is the big achievement at the
company.
Echjay Steel is also one of the Industries producing steel forging
To a large even this company Imports machinery from the foreign
countries end exports its finished products to many European countries.
Company's customer in India are BHEL, Reliance, GNFC, IPCL,
ONGC, GAIL, Mahindra & Mahindra, Telco, GSFC, IOCL, Railway
Board, VSSC and in the foreign Clibo Industries (USA), AL Husain
(Kuwait), etc.
Today, Echjay forged rings have become vital components of
AGNI LONG RANGE as well as technical missiles, main BATTLE
TANKS, armored Vehicles and other armaments.
This unit was established in 18 December 1971, at Rajkot. Its head
office is at Mumbai. The founder of this unit is Mr. Harilal Jaichand
Doshi.
In the initial stage this unit was started on small basis means, there
were only 100 employees and now days it has about 1400 workers. They
have developed about 100 types of products. It has 80 major customers
like Railways, Defense, ONGC refinery, petrochemicals etc.
Since last 30 years, Echjay steel industry has become large
manufacturers of steel forging and achieved a wide market.

HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

Having well established in art industries, the founder-chairman,
late Shri Harilal Jechand Doshi, foresaw great potential in the field of
steel forging also. The name of the company denotes is founder name
means ECH denotes H means Haribhai, JAY denotes J means
Jechand. So, the companys name selected from German language. Thus,
ECH (H) JAY(J) industries pvt. Ltd. signifying his name came into being
as modest forge shop in the year 1971.
Since then Echjay has systematically grown into large scale
manufacturers of steel forging using advanced technology and equipment.
The company products that strictly conforms to international
specifications and standards of quality.
A decade ago Echjay steels division, forged into space-age when its
profiled rings played an important role in the fabrication and successful
launch of Indias SLV rockets. Today Echjays forged rings have becomes
the vital components of the Agni, Rohini, long range and technical
missiles, main battle tanks, armored vehicles and other defense
component. In the civil sector, Echjays wheels constitute a substantial
part of the Indian railways.
Echjay has been exporting flanges and other forging over to
developed countries like USA, CANADA, UK, FRANCE, GERMANY,
JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, as well as SOUTHAFRICA.
Reliably supplying to such a broad spectrum of users with both
standard and custom built forgings, Echjay has built up a reputation for
excellence in quality and services all over India and in several countries
around the world.
With an investment of Rs. 100 crores in its plant and machinery
and a turnover of Rs. 60 crores Echjay has in built capacity to produce
2400 tones of forging per annum. The on going modernization plans
cover not only updating equipment but also includes intensive training of
workforce to certain process wastage and to optimize energy
conservation.
The main stem for this success is high standards of quality that
Echjay has attained. Fine tuned checks of every stage of production are
features of background and forward integration.

COMPANY PROFILE
Name

: Echjay Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Address

: Echjay Steel Division,

Lalpari Lake road,
Rajkot-360003.

Registered Office

: 83, Bajaj Bhavan,

8th floor, Nariman Point,
Mumbai-400021
INDIA.

Year of Establishment: 1971

Form of Organization: Private limited co.
Size

: Large Scale

Land area

: 1100Meters (approx.)

Promoters

: Mr. Harilal Jaychand Doshi

M.D.

: Mr. Vinodbhai Doshi

Directors

: Mr. Devenbhai Doshi

Mr. Parasbhai Doshi

G.M. (finance)

: Mr. Bharatbhai Doshi

Telephone No

: 0281-2387482-86

Fax

: 0281-2387847

Email

: echjay@wilnetonline.net

Website

: www.echjayindustries.com

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE COMPANY

Chairman
Executive
Director

Director

GM (Finance)
Man. Excise

Manager

Personnel & Admin.

Manager

GM (Technical)

Man. Accounts
Asst. Man.
HRD & PR

Personnel
Officer

Office Staff

Office Staff

Q.C.

Manager
CDFS

Manager
Maintenance

Manager
Markt.

Manager
PPC

Manager
ACDR

Assist.
Manager

Assist.
Manager

Assist.
Manager

Assist.
Manager

Assist.
Manager

Assist.
Manager

Office
Staff

Office
Staff

Office
Staff

Office
Staff

Office
Staff

Office
Staff

LOCATION OF THE UNIT

Location play most important part in establishment of company
located one place then it is very difficult to change it or impossible so
promoters must think it base decision and success or failure of company
mainly depend on it. The decision regarding the location of the plant is
very important for any organization. Location affects the cost structure
and profitability of the plant thought its operating life.
The location for the plant mainly affected following factor:
1. Infrastructure facilities
2. Power
3. Fuel
4. Labor
5. Cost of location
6. Transport and communication facilities
7. Government Policy
Echjay steel is located near Rajkot in Lalpari Lake, which is an
industrial zone, and company gets all the infrastructure facility at
concession rate. Echjay steel got help from the government and labor
available in this zone at nominal wage so we can conclude that company
is located at appropriate place.

PRODUCTION
PLANNING
&
CONTROL DEPARTMENT

CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) Organization Structure
3) Production planning & control
4) Production process
5) Production process chart
6) Products of the company
7) Inventory control
8) Quality philosophy
9) Quality control
10) Purchase decision
11) Plant maintenances
12) Material handling
13) Scrap Management
14) Pollution Control

INTRODUCTION
Production is the basic activity of any organization. Production is
the process of converting raw material into finished goods which are sold
in the market. Every customer wants only finished goods. Their wants are
only satisfied by finished goods. Hence every production organization
engaged themselves in formation and transformation of products and
hence utility is gain through this process. Utility of the product means
want satisfying power of that product.
Company has a large production department. Company has divided
production department into the different shop. Company is doing
following types of jobs:
General forging including low temperature service steel ring, Disc,
Quip Steel, Bolts, Pipe fittings, Diesel & Automobiles engine parts,
Railway parts & components of Defenses.
Company is well known ISO/TS-16949 certified Forge Company
given by the international automobile organization. For company
manufacturing automobile component as per there stringent regulation.
Company has to produce forging as per as national & international
standards.

ORGANIZATION CHART
Managing Director
|
General Manger
|
Production
______________________|______________________
|
|
|
|
|
Manager
Manager
(Die Shop) (Forge Shop)

|
Assistant
Manager

|
Operator

|
Workers

|
Assistant
Manager

|
Operator

|
Workers

Manger
Manager
Manager
(QCD) (Machine Shop) (Main.)

|
Assistant
Manager

|
Operator

|
Workers

|
Supervisor

|
Operator

|
Supervisor

|
Operator

PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL

Products are manufactured by the transformation of raw material
into finished goods. This is how production is achieved. Planning looks
ahead, anticipates possible, difficulties and decide in advance as to how
the production, best be carried out. The control phase makes sure that the
programmed production is constantly maintained.
PPC comprise the planning, routing, dispatching in the
manufacturing process so that the movement of material, performance of
machines and operation of labor however are subdivided and are directed
and coordinated as to quantity, quality, time and place. Planning and
control are two basic and interrelated managerial functions. They are so
interrelated that they can be and often are considered as being one
function. Planning is the preparation activity while control is the postoperation function.
Echjay has a PPC Department. PPC Department & Marketing
jointly works. First, marketing department take the basic information
about the order from customer. Then marketing department is given this
basic information to the PPC Department.
All the departments of the company are interconnected with the
computer network. Daily information is updated in computer about
production, raw material, finished goods, etc.
PPC department studies the feasibility after securitization, which
sends IT report to marketing department, which finally decides, about
order acceptance.

PRODUCTION PROCESS
In the production department manufacturing is the core activity and
company always try to maintain a low manufacturing cost can take place
with the help of increase the productivity & Reduction in variation &
waste. Echjay has a good machinery and equipment for a manufacturing.
Company has a CNC machine for doing best quality work with minimum
manufacturing cost.
Echjay steel produce different steel products so it is not possible to
describe manufacturing process for each product but the basic production
process is almost simple and it is describe in the next point of
manufacturing process chart. In Echjay there is one computer room where
products are designed as per requirement or manufacturing.
Following are the different department
1. Raw material department
2. Laboratory
3. Cutting department
4. Furnaces department
5. Forged shop
6. Ring rolling department etc.

PRODUCTION PROCESS CHART

Process Chart

Reference Document

Incoming raw material .. Receipt Voucher

Metallurgical & Chemical inspection of steel ...Q.P/Q.P 1 Analysis
Cutting / Shearing . B.O.M.
Heating ..Q.P.01
Forging .. Process Drawing
Hot inspection ... Process

Drawing

Inspection

Report
Heat treating ..Q.P.01 Heat treatment chart
Mechanical & Metallic test ... A.P.01
Machining . Product Drawing/WO
NDT special test Product Drawing/WO
Dimensions checks & Final inspection .Product Drawing/WO
Rust preventive Coating / Packing Packing slip / WO
Shipping Shipping Documents & Works

PRODUCTS OF THE COMPANY

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Crown Wheel, Pinion Blanks and Rolled Rings

Fully finished Transmission gears and Machined Components
Forged and Machined Flanges
Seamless Rolled Rings and Forged Discs
Railway Tyres
Other Forging

LIST AND PURPOSE OF THE MACHINERIES

1. HAMMER: A range of pneumatic drop closed die forging hammers
up to 5 ton capacity to produce.
Automotive and general engineering industry forging up to
150 kgs
1/2" to 12" flanges
Requirements as per customers' specifications
A Range of up setters from 2" to 6"
Presses & Ring Rolling

2. PRESS AND RING ROLLING:

1000 Ton Press: A hydraulic open forging press of Japanese
make equipped with mobile forging manipulators up to 5
Ton capacity to manufacture blanks for the ring rolling and
open forged discs up to 2500 mm dia.
2500 Ton Press: A fully automatic 3-station hydraulic press
equipped with robotic arm to manufacture profile shaped
close die blanks for the ring rolling machine and to
manufacture closed die forgings up to 350 kgs.
Ring Rolling Machine: A numerically controlled axial and
radial ring rolling machine of 63/80 Ton capacity for
manufacture of rectangular and profiled rings of up to 3
meter diameter and flanges from 12" to 80" size.
3. THE AXIAL CLOSED DIE ROLLING: The Axial Closed Die
Rolling Line consists of three machines, viz. A 1600 Ton automatic
multi-stage blanking press; a radial ring rolling machine; and an axial
closed die finishing press. This is a fully automatic, synchronized
and continuous line, controlled by a centralized control panel. The
cut pieces are upset and blanked in the 1600 Ton press and
transferred to the ring rolling machine, where the inside diameter and
outside diameter are expanded to pre-determined shape. The piece is
then transferred to the axial closed die rolling machine, where it is
finished to near-net shape. Axial die-rolling takes place in a partially
closed die. The significant feature of the process is the conical upper
tool. It rotates about an axis which is slightly inclined against the
vertical. The bottom die rotates about a vertical axis. Rolling occurs
as the upper tool moves towards the bottom die along a path

perpendicular to the face of the bottom die. Incremental forming

results from this interaction between tooling and forging.

4. HOT ROLLING: The hot rolling line consists of an induction heater,

a 2000 Ton Blanking Hydraulic Press of Schuler make, and a fully
automatic ring rolling machine. This latest and State-of-the-Art
transfer line consists of 2 ultra-modern robots for bringing the heated
parts into the press, forging within the press, and then for placing the
blanks on a conveyor for onward rolling. The entire dimensional
controls are fully CNC controlled to get an amazing degree of
repeatability, and process stability.
5. COLD FORGING: Brand New State-of-the-Art Cold Forging Press
with latest Technology to make Shafts and Pinions. Fully Automatic
Hydraulic Press of SCHULER Make equipped with 4 Stations. A
very efficient transfer device between the 4 Stations along with a
completely automatic feeder is inbuilt to achieve very high
productivity of 6 to 8 parts per minute.
6. CNC AND GEAR SHOP: Echjay's present production level of
machined components and transmission gears and shafts is 80000
numbers per month. Echjay has a full-fledged CNC and gear shop
consisting of:

several CNC turning machines

vertical machining centres
hobbing machines
shaping machines
broaching machines
spline milling machines
gear tooth rounding, roofing and chamfering machines
shaving machines
internal grinding machines
cylindrical grinding machines
honing machines
carburizing furnaces for heat-treatment of gears

7. MACHINE SHOP:

Echjay also has a separate machine shop consisting of :

a range of horizontal lathe machines for manufacture of flanges

and general engineering products
Range of vertical turning machines up to 3 meter dia for
manufacture of rings, discs, tube sheets, railway tyres, etc.
drilling machines
milling machines
centering and facing machines
other special purpose machines

8. CROWN WHEEL AND PINION GEAR CUTTER: For supply of

fully finished crown wheels and pinions, a separate facility has set
up in Pune.
This factory has the following facilities:

S17 Orlikon machines

ST2 Orlikon gear testing machine
S13 Gleason tester
SL2 Orlikon gear lapper
SKB Orlikon gear blade grinders
Cylindrical Grinding machine
Continues Gas Carburising furnace with capacity 150 Kgs/hours
Phosphating plant

INVENTORY CONTROL
The word inventory is commonly used in to describe the goods and
materials that a business holds for the ultimate purpose of resale. There
are three basic reasons for keeping an inventory:
1. Time - The time lags present in the supply chain, from supplier to
user at every stage, requires that you maintain certain amounts of
inventory to use in this lead time. However, in practice, inventory
is to be maintained for consumption during 'variations in lead
time'. Lead time itself can be addressed by ordering that many
days in advance.
2. Uncertainty - Inventories are maintained as buffers to meet
uncertainties in demand, supply and movements of goods.
3. Economies of scale - Ideal condition of "one unit at a time at a
place where a user needs it, when he needs it" principle tends to
incur lots of costs in terms of logistics. So bulk buying, movement
and storing brings in economies of scale, thus inventory.
The inventory control is done for three things: 1) raw material, 2)
work in progress and 3) finished goods.
PPC department maintains the 2% to 3% inventory level. Company
has a very low inventory level. Finalize the order, after PPC department
give the order of raw material as per the requirement. Finished goods are
dispatches as per the customers' requirement. Low inventory level means
low inventory cost. Echjay maintain very effective inventory level.
PPC department collects all the information about the daily
production detail, stock of raw material, finished goods etc. with the help
of computer network.

QUALITY PHILOSOPHY
India has a large manpower and raw material available like USA,
U.K., AUSTRALIA, CANADA, GERMANY, etc. This given an
advantage of producing resources at much cheaper price comparing to
other countries. That's why India has a chance to get manufacturing order.
But India is looked down for its quality assurance. Hence automobile
spare parts importing company prefer to purchase their components from
the reputed supplier or from the ISO/TS-16949 certified company which
gives assurance about the standard quality products. Following are the
company quality policy and objectives.

QUALITY POLICY:
We are commuted to manufacture and supply products, which meet
the agreed quality requirements of our customers. We shall work for
continuous improvement of our processed and operations.

QUALITY OBJECTIVES:
Enhance customer satisfaction.
Maintain recognized quality management systems.
Achieve
operational
excellent
through
techno-logical
improvements.
Optimize utilization of energy and all inputs.
Reduction of waste.
Train and motivate personnel at all levels so as to inculcate quality
consciousness.
Foster teamwork.
Ehjay has got ISO/TS-16949 certificate. It is the big achievement
of the company. So, company is very conscious about the quality on that
Basis Company has good name in the world.

Quality control and testing facilities: Chemical:

Wet Analysis
Spectrography

Physical:
Universal testing-tensile, elongating, yield point, reduction in area
etc.
Charpy/lzod impact testing.
Hardness-Rockwell, Brinell.
Magnaflux
Dye Penetrant
Ultrasonic
Radiography
Macro, micro, structures

Dimensional:
Full-fledged standards and Gauge room with master gauges and all
types of precision instruments.

PLANT MAINTAINANCES
Every firm or an organization needs effective plant maintenance. It is
very importance for better working of production processes and other
plant work.
There is separate team kept for plant maintenance which works under
site manager and foreman.
Company using two different type methods for plant maintenance.
Break down Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Company has one maintenance department. In the break down
maintenances, whenever any break down or fault arise in the plant then
inform the maintenance department and they are check the problem.
Preventive maintenances is done before the breakdown of any
machinery decided by the factors like total life of the machine, last
maintenances performed; decide by the export change in the noise of the
machine, heating of the machine. These all are sensory facts which one
can sense whether the machine require the maintenances or not and
studying the past history of the each machine, the break down can be
prevented eventually from its break down point.

MATERIAL HANDELING
The material handling process means movement of material from
one place to another place for the purpose of processing. They are moved
either manually or mechanically with the different type of material
handling equipment.
In Echjay every department is having a network of steel tracks for
moving the trolley with the goods department to another.
The jobs done by material handling equipment include lifting,
moving, dropping, positioning, holding, realizing, stocking, etc.
In the shop, heavy material transfers with the help of overhead
Crain. So, company has to maintain very effective material handling and
on the basis of this material transportation time is decrease in the
company and material is made available at the right time where it is
required.

SCRAP MANAGEMENT
Manufacturers do not intend or plan to make scrap, but depending
on the industry and the product, scrap is produced. But depending on the
type of scrap, it may be re-cycled back into the production process or sold
as a revenue generating product or simply non-recyclable and the
enterprise has to pay for an outside contractor to dispose of the product.
Scrap is a waste that either has no economic value or only the value of its
basic material content recoverable through recycling.
Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd have kept a separate team which does the
work of scrap management. The scrap management team consists of
people from furnace people and plant maintenance people. Basically all
the factory scrap is sold out to scrap dealers in a whole lot with a fixed
price according to its weight. Usually the scrap dealers are from SaaparVervar region and Rajkot district.

POLLUTION CONTROL
Pollution control means any attempt to reduce the contamination of
environment which might be created due to production process of the
firm. It is every firms or organizations social duty to take various
standard and strong steps towards pollution control.
Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd has installed a long chimney with filter to emit
less polluted smoke of the factory.Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd has got the
GPCB (Gujarat Pollution Control Board) certificate from government.
This means that the firm is using such production method and procedures
which create less pollution.

PERSONNEL
DEPARTMENT

CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) Organization structure
3) Time keeping system
4) Recruitment & selection
5) Training & development
6) Promotion & transfer policy
7) Wage & salary administration
8) Welfare of personnel
9) E.S.I. & P.F. schemes
10) Trade union
11) Personnel records
12) Participation of Workers in Management

INTRODUCTION
Inputs of production organization have need inputs resources like
man, machine, money, method, and material. Out of these resources Man
is crucial factor of the organization.
"The Human Resource Management is the process of attracting,
holding and motivating people involving all managers-line and staff."
"The management of Man" is a very important and challenging job;
important because it is a job, not managing 'men', but of administering a
social system. The management of men is a challenging task because of
the dynamic nature of the people. No two persons are similar in mental
abilities, traditions, sentiments, and behavior, they differ widely also as
groups, and are subject to many and varied influences. People are
responsive; they feel, thin, and act; therefore, they cannot be operated like
a machine or shifted and altered like a template in a room layout. They,
therefore, need a tactful handling by management personnel.
In Echjay, labor unlike other factor of production is an active factor
and controls all other factors and coordinating them to get the maximum
output at minimum cost and also maintains development of man power
planning too.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Echjay has separate personnel department having its own
organization structure. The flowchart of personnel department is given
below.

GENERAL MANAGER
MANAGER
(HRD)
ASST. MANAGER
(HRD)
OFFICE STAFF

PERSSONEL
OFFICER
OFFICE STAFF

It is easy to understand the organization of personnel department.

In Echjay, we know that General Manager is the key man. Under the
supervision of G.M., there is personnel manager who looks often
personnel department. Under the personnel manager personnel officer is
there and under personnel officer senior assistants are there and under
senior assistants are there and under assistants clerks and timekeepers are
there.
The company follows a line and staff type of organization structure
refers to the frame work of relation of each employee to the other. The
total number of personnel working in Echjay is as under:
OFFICER
STAFF
WORKERS
CONTRACTORS
TOTAL

28
319
846
220
1411

With this much staff at the disposal of Echjay it manages the large
scale organization in an efficient and economic way. The unit has a good
hold over the employees and the management of the employees is also
worth appreciating.

TIME KEEPING SYSTEM

Each unit has its own timekeeping system. Every company must
have timekeeping system to measure the regularity of its employees. In
time keeping system the arrival and departure of employees is recorded.
Echjay has following method:

SHIFT
1st
2nd
3rd
General
Wednesday

DUTY (HOURS)
08:00 A.M. TO 04:00 P.M.
04:00 A.M. TO 12:00 P.M.
12:00 A.M. TO 08:00 P.M.
09:00 A.M. TO 05:30 P.M.
Weekly off.

In every shift, they provide half an hour for lunch.

Timekeeping means how to work in the unit with a limited time. In
Echjay, there is a card system means when employees enter in the
company, he has to keep card with him and timekeeping office collects
the cad from worker everyday. On the basis of cards it makes note of
presence and absence of employees. They also make note of employees
who leave the organization before the duty time. They check leave report
of worker and the CL and EL at the end of the month.
This system is too much helpful in calculation of wages of
employees and workers.

RECRUITMENT, SELECTION AND ORIENTATION

Recruitment means search of prospective employees to suit the job
requirements. After the prospective applicants, right type of persons to
match the job is selected. The success of an organization depends largely
upon the team of skilled and qualified workers who are chosen out of a
number of applicants for the job.
In Echjay, recruitment is done as per requirements. For this
purpose the respective head of the departments uniforms the upper level
that a vacancy is created. The management thereafter uniforms the
general public by advertisement that such a vacancy is created and
interested candidates may apply. After the applicants are received they are
scrutinized and sent to department head. The department head conducts
interviews of the candidate and the appropriate among them are selected.
The selected candidates are employed in the firm on the condition that
they have to provide their services to the firm for minimum three years.
For their purpose the candidate has to sign the bond prepared by the
company and then that candidate is placed in to position fit for him.
In Echjay steel the process of orientation is considered as a
welcome a new comer and makes him a feeling that his own job is
meaningful and plays very important role in the organization. Echjay is
following process for orientation. Inform the time keeping so time record
is maintained.
Computers department informed so maintain the personal record.
The account department for wage and salary administration. The name of
candidate is registered in the attendance register. All the schemes start
from day of joining.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

In the words of Dale S. Beach, "Training is the organized
procedure by which people get knowledge and skill for a definite
purpose."
Every organization needs to have trained and experienced
employees to perform the activities to be done. Training and development
of personnel is a follow-up of selection. It is an improvement and
enhancement of different types of skills so that employees can perform
their job effectively.
Training is a systematic program of organization aims at increasing
the attitudes, skills and abilities of workers to perform specific job. By
training the employees will acquire new manipulating skills, technical
knowledge etc.
In the words of Adin B. Flippo, "Training is the act of increasing
the knowledge of employees for doing a specific job." Thus increasing
the knowledge and skill of employee for better performance on job.
-On the job training method.
-Off the job training method.
In this company the selected candidates are trained. The time
period is generally one year in this unit. The candidates are not sent
outside for training. All the necessary training is given within the
premises of the company. In the initial stage the candidate has to observe
the working of the unit of his respective field under his head. After
training is over, he has been placed at the job.
All the workers are trained with cooperation of each others work.
They are trained according to their work schedules and other workers
timings and work process so that chaos and inefficiency doesnt arise.

PROMOTION & TRANSFER POLICY

The term promotion has been defined by Pigers and Miyers, "A
promotion is the advancement of an employee to get better in terms of
responsibilities, more prestige or status, greater skill and especially
increased rate of pay of salary."
A promotion is a vertical move in rank and responsibilities. An
upward advancement of an employee in an organization to another job,
which commands better wages, better status and higher opportunities,
responsibilities and authorities, better environment, hours of work and
facilities.
Echjay does not follow any particular policy for promotion. Here,
they emphasis on performance of the person. They are very strict in the
matter of discipline. At the time of promotion they see performance of
personnel in terms of attendance. Regularity, skill, discipline etc. Echjay
has only branch in Rajkot. So for transfer the worker is sent to the one
department to another department.

WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTATION

Wages and salary are given to the employee as reward for their
contribution to the production process. Wages and salary administration
refers to the establishment and implementation of sound policies and
practices of employee compensation. Various wage acts and labors acts
are used in order to determine the wage of the employees.
In Echjay, salary is divided into two categories:
- Consolidated salary
- Grade salary
Persons who have not completed 2 years of their job are given
consolidate salary and these personals do not get other benefits like PF,
HRA, UDRA, TA, LTC etc. A person who had completed 2 years of job is
bound to get grade salary and he also gets all benefits like PF, HRA, TA,
LTC, ATENDANCE BONUS, FDRA AND VDRA etc. Persons having
3000 salaries are eligible for ESI scheme.
Payment made to labors is generally said as wages. In Echjay,
labors or workers are paid wages on the 7th of every month.
Salary means money paid periodically to persons whose output can
not be easily measured such as clerical staff as well as supervisory and
management staff. In Echjay, these employees are paid salary on the 3rd
of every month. Payment of wages and salary is managed by personnel
department.

WELFARE OF PERSONNELS
Employees are important assets of a unit. So for better work
performance they should be motivated. For this they should be given not
only financial incentives but also non financial incentives and facilities.
Echjay much concentrates on above facts and gives many benefits to their
employees. The company undertakes the following welfare measure to
motivate the workers.

LEAVE: Earned leave is given as per the factories act. However,

in the case of supervisory staff & other workmen classified as staff, e.g.,
watchman, peons etc. gets 30 days EL. There is a casual leave of 8 day to
every one including officers. There are 8 paid festival holidays, which are
decided in consultation with the workman each year.

HOUSE RENT ALLOWANCE: This is paid to all work-men

who have completed two years of the services of are in grade pay
excluding those who have been provided with company's quarters; as
under:
1. Gross pay up to Rs.1000/- P.M. Rs.60/-P.M.
2. Gross pay up to Rs.1001/- P.M.to Rs.1500/-P.M. Rs.85/-P.M.
3. Gross pay up to Rs.1501/- P.M. to Rs.2000/-P.M. Rs.100/-P.M.
4. Gross pay above Rs.2001/- P.M. per month Rs.125/- P.M.

ANNUAL BONUS: Every year since the factory went

production the annual bonus HA been paid at the maximum i.e. 20%.

UNIFORMS: All workmen including office staff are provided

with two pairs of uniform per year. In the case of workmen of shop floor
it is a strong cotton uniform and in the case of supervisory and office staff
it is terry cotton of god quality.

INDUSTRIAL SHOES: All workmen are provided with the

best available industrial shoes in the country.

WINTER WEAR: All the workmen are provided with woolen

jersey once in three years. All drivers who are to be out n duty on odd
hours are provided with woolen suits.

SAFETY EQUIPMENTS: Interest free loans are given to

workmen in emergency and for purpose such as acquiring a vehicle,
construction of house etc. the amount is recovered in easy installments.
An amount of about 15 lacks is always outstanding.

WELFARE FUND: The workmen have established a welfare

fund to contribute every month. The company also contributes Rs.12000/P.M.

EDUCATION AID: Text books and note books are provided

free to the children of employees every year. The company is instituting a
scholarship scheme for deserving students for higher studies form the
current session.

CANTEEN: Two cups of tea/coffee are provided free of cost to

all employees in each shifts. Lunch and snakes are being provided at
subsidies rates. During the summer buttermilk is distributed free to every
workman on duty.

FESTIVAL SWEETS: On Dashers festival every employee in

presented a gift of 1 kg. Sweets.

HOLIDAY TOUR: Once in two years, A 3 days holidays tour

is arranges for all workmen. Company bears 75% if the total cost of
transport and shakes.

CULTURAL PROGRAMME AND SPORTS: Founders

day is celebrated every year with cultural activities and sports.
Competition is being held and suitable prizes are awarded.

CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY: Co-operative society gives

strong support to the employees. The societys staff is paid by the
company. On occasions is also provided capital the society for supply of
consumer goods. The company also gives support to the customers stores
run by the society.

WORKING ON ESI & PF SCHEME

ESI: Employee state insurance is one of the most popular schemes
for the employees. The ESI scheme has been designed to the employee
under the workman compensation act of 1948. Persons having Rs.6500/monthly salary are eligible for ESI scheme. This scheme included
sickness, death benefits, accidents on duty etc.
For this scheme, in Echjay, 1.75% is deducted form the employees
salary while employers contribution is 4.75%. This scheme is mostly
beneficial to the employees at the time of accident and sickness.

PF: Provident fund scheme is a king of saving. Any company

having more than 50 employees can join this scheme. This is a statutory
scheme meant for welfare of the employees. In India it was started in
1962 and applied in all the industry. It is necessary for every company to
provide PF scheme to it permanent employees.
In order to get the benefits of those scheme employee should have
completed continuous at least 90 days services. Here, in Echjay, under
this scheme an employee has to contribute 3.67% is for provident fund
while 8.33% is for pension scheme. An employee gets 12% interest on the
contribution of his provident fund.

TRADE UNION
A labour is the most important factor of production.
The organization sometimes faces problems regarding this factor of
production. The problems may be pertaining to the matters like payment
of wages working conditions, unfavorable condition of management,
irresponsible working of the employees, accidents and their claims and
other problems relating to workers. The organization has to frame
appropriate policies of the smooth running of the factory as far as labors
are concerned.
According to section 2(6) if the Trade Union Act-1926, A trade
union is any combination of persons, whether temporary or permanent,
primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workers and
employers or between workers and workers and for imposing restrictive
condition on the conduct of any trade or business and includes the
federation of two or more trade unions. Echjay has registered trade
union formed by workers themselves.
In Echjay, there are no major problems regarding workers. But
sometimes problems do arise to unrest among workers regarding wages,
working condition and time, allowance etc. In such cases the management
probes into the matter and finds out the causes of the matter and also the
proper solution of the problem.
The company has certain advantages due to union. These
advantages may be achieved in terms of more efficiency of workers,
increased working hours and reasonable leaves, co-operation towards
management etc. The most important advantage of the union to the
company is settlement of disputes merely by negotiations.

PERSONNEL RECORDS

Personnel records mean preservation of information if files and

documents. They are generally prepared and completed form reports and
they are meant for long-term use. Personnel record is used by
management at the time of promotion, transfer etc. of the employees. It
contains all the information about employees like wage, education, and
performances, address etc.
In Echjay, there are also certain files and registers like attendance
register, leave register, bonus register, ESI correspondence file,
recruitment file and personnel file of each individual.

PARTICIPATION OF WORKERS IN MANAGEMENT

Participation of workers in management is necessary for better results and
to accomplished predetermined aims and goals of the firm. Echjay
Industries Pvt Ltd knowing this fact practice indirect participation of
workers in management through their team head, foreman and site
manager. As workers are large in number and it is difficult to handle all
their individual views, the firms practice indirect participation process in
management decision and plans. Till now the firm is successful in it and
have led to a better workplace.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Channel of distribution
3. Advertising
4. Product mix decision
5. Packing & labeling
6. Price mix decision
7. Market segmentation

INTRODUCTION
Present market is customer oriented market & is no longer supplier
monopoly market. Customer is the king of the market. Without marketing
company cannot reach to the market king so, marketing is the critical part
in today's era.
"Marketing is the social and the managerial process by which
individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating,
offering, and exchanging products of values with others."
The management process through which goods and
services move from concept to the customer.
It includes the coordination of four elements called the 4 P's
of marketing:
(1) Identification, selection and development of a product,
(2) Determination of its price,
(3) Selection of a distribution channel to reach the customer's place, and
(4) Development and implementation of a promotional strategy.
Echjay has a separate marketing department in Mumbai. Punch line
of the company is "Forgings the world trust". Most of the activity of
marketing department is done in Mumbai office.

CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION
Distribution channel consists of sets of interdependent organization
involved in the process of sustaining a product or service from the point
of production to the user at the point of consumption.
Echjay using the zero level channel of distribution in the Indian
market. Means direct selling from manufacturer to consumer. Company
does not require middle men for its selling. In the case of export of the
products company keep traders of middlemen.
Company has a short channel of distribution so company is directly
connected with customer.

ADVERTISING

Advertising is any form of non-personnel presentation of ideas,

goods or services for the purpose of including people to buy.
Advertising has become the core of marketing. With the help of
advertising to create the brand image into the market.
Echjay mostly advertising through:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Newspapers-Business Section
Trade Journals
Business Magazines
Handbills
Hoardings
Websites
Internet

PRODUCT MIX DECISION

The product is most important single component of the marketing
program. The product policy and strategy is the corner stone of a
marketing mix. If the product fails to satisfy the customer demand, no
additional cost on any of the other ingredients of the market mix will
improve the product performance in the market place.
"A product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a
want or need. Products that are market include physical goods, service,
experience, events, personal place, properties, organization, information
and the ideas."

PRODUCT PLANNING:
Planning is deciding in the present what to do in the future.
Thus product planning means deciding about the product what it
should be in future in the terms of product items, product line,
modification of present items, addition or deletion of product, etc.
In Echjay product planning is done upon nature of product
and consumer demand or latent demand in the market. In the end of
every year's last week arrange one meeting about product planning
of company.

BRANDING DECISION:
Echjay produce many items railway tyres, flanges, auto
parts, etc. and its brand name is Echjay and company logo to
identify its product.

PACKING AND LABELLING:

PACKING:
Packing has become most important marketing tool well
designed packages create convergence and promotion value. The
potentialities of packages especially in the field of demand creation
have been widely accepted now. It is often remarked as a 'silent
salesman'.
Echjay produces many items and for the purpose the packing
manly use wooden box and for the export packing anti corrosive oil
plastic bag is use.
LABELLING:
Label is also a marketing of a product. A label provides all
the important information to the consumer about the product and
producer. The important information provided by a label is the
name of the product, name of the producer, quality of product
contents inside the package, weight, date of production, batch and
lot number etc. it printed or pasted on the product or package.

PRICE MIX DECISION

Pricing the product is one of the important elements in marketing
mix. The exchange value of product is called price. Pricing decision
means decision of the determining price of a product. When a company
decides a price they have to take number of factors into consideration like
cost of products, cost of distribution, cost of storage, transportation,
advertisement, etc. and also demand and supply position in market.
In Echjay price mix decision is taken very carefully by top
management. Company has been providing best quality with reasonable
price to its consumer.

PRICING POLICY:
Pricing the product is one of the important elements in marketing
mix. The exchange value of product is called price. Pricing decision
means decision of the determining price of a product. When
companies decide a price they have to take number of factor in
consideration like cost pf production, cost of distribution,
transportation, advertising etc. and also demand and supply position in
market.
In Echjay price mix decision is taken very carefully by top
management. Company has been providing best quality with
reasonable price to its consumer.

PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION:
The function includes various activities mainly transportation and
storage. Physical distribution is the key link between manufacture and
demand creation or consumer.
Transportation becomes an essential marketing activity in today
era. It gives place utility to the product making it available at the place
where it is demand or country but also in developed country like U.K.,
Australia and America through efficient, safe and cheapest
transportation. For the purpose of local or Indian market company
uses land transport and for Export Company consumed. It influenced
or effect entire structure of distribution.
Echjay has been selling its product not only in uses water transport.

MARKET SEGMENTATION
Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing
a broad target market into subsets of consumers who have common needs
(and/or common desires) as well as common applications for the relevant
goods and services. Depending on the specific characteristics of the
product, these subsets may be divided by criteria such as age and gender,
or other distinctions, such as location or income. Marketing campaigns
can then be designed and implemented to target these specific customer
segments, addressing needs or desires that are believed to be common in
this segment, using media that is used by the market segment.
In Echjay company has not clearly segmented it items but company
decides segment on the basis of kind of products government market,
export market or foreign market, old customer, new customer, etc. and
company makes strategy on the basis of it.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) Financial planning
3) Capitalization
4) Working Capital
5) Sources of finance
6) Depreciation of Assets
7) Capital structure
8) Management of fixed assets
9) Administrative Expense
10) Profit and Taxes

INTRODUCTION

Money or finance is the life blood of business. Without finance

nothing can be happened or we can say all managerial activity revolve
around finance because we require finance to purchase expensive
machinery, pay salary to employees, purchase raw material, etc. So we
can say that finance is the oil that lubricates the huge machinery of the
industrial sector.
Finance is the study of how investors allocate their assets over time
under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. A key point in finance,
which affects decisions, is the time value of money, which states that a
unit of currency today is worth more than the same unit of currency
tomorrow. Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level, and
expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three different sub
categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance.
According to Hoagland "finance management is concern mainly
with such a matter as, how, a business corporation rises its finance and
how it makes use of it."
So, on the above we can say that main aim of finance management
is to rise or to utilize finance in such a way that company can maximize
its profit.
In Echjay Steel finance manager Mr. Bharatbhai Doshi is procuring
and utilizing financial resources in such a way that company maximize its
profit. Company has issued only equity share capital and company's
finance department is very efficient.

FINANCIAL PLANNING
Financial Planning is the process of estimating the capital required and
determining its competition. It is the process of framing financial policies
in relation to procurement, investment and administration of funds of an
enterprise.
Financial Planning is process of framing objectives, policies,
procedures, programs and budgets regarding the financial activities of a
concern. This ensures effective and adequate financial and investment
policies. The importance can be outlined as1. Adequate funds have to be ensured.
2. Financial Planning helps in ensuring a reasonable balance between
outflow and inflow of funds so that stability is maintained.
3. Financial Planning ensures that the suppliers of funds are easily
investing in companies which exercise financial planning.
4. Financial Planning helps in making growth and expansion
programmes which helps in long-run survival of the company.
5. Financial Planning reduces uncertainties with regards to changing
market trends which can be faced easily through enough funds.
6. Financial Planning helps in reducing the uncertainties which can be
a hindrance to growth of the company. This helps in ensuring
stability and profitability in concern.
In Echjay steel finance manager makes financial planning according to
target of sale and requirement are divided in two ways:
1. Long term financial planning.
2. Short term financial planning.
Short term planning is usually done for short term finance requirement,
minimum cash and fund requirements and for working capital. While
long term planning is done for expansion, growth and diversification.
In financial planning the firm needs to take care of interest rates,
maturity time period, cash and fund flow availability. It also needs to take
care of cost and expense incurred in procuring finance, repayment of loan
and benefits and gains avail from it.

CAPITALISATION
According to M.C. Shukla "capitalization is the sum total of all
kind of long term securities issued by company as well as surpluses
which are not meant to distributed."
Capitalization=ownership capital + long term loans + free reserves +
debenture
In Echjay steel has issued 5 lacks equity share of Rs.100 each
loan and reserves of Rs.97.50 crore and bank loans of Rs.9.50 crores.
Company is on good position but company faces problem of
overcapitalization because it is private limited and majority profit is
plough back in business. So, it is more than what is actually requires.

WORKING CAPITAL
Working capital (abbreviated WC) is a financial metric which
represents operating liquidity available to a business, organization or
other entity, including governmental entity. Along with fixed assets such
as plant and equipment, working capital is considered a part of operating
capital. Net working capital is calculated as current assets minus current
liabilities. If current assets are less than current liabilities, an entity has
a working capital deficiency, also called a working capital deficit.
Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd has kept the fixed working capital to
the extent of 25-30 % of equity shares. But recently the firm has decided
for growth and expansion of its production process and has applied for
more cash credit in the bank which can be used as working capital.

SOURCES OF FINANCE
Financial Sources are classified as follows:
Long term sources-equity shares, debentures, long term loans, etc.
Short term sources-advance from commercial banks, trade credit, etc.
Echjay Steel has mainly procured finance by issue of equity shares and
reserve trade credit loans are used for short term financial sources.
Company is trying to decrease its borrowing to retain earning of profit
in business.

DEPRECIATION OF ASSETS
In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept:
1. The decrease in value of assets (fair value depreciation), and
2. The allocation of the cost of assets to periods in which the assets
are used (depreciation with the matching principle).
The former affects the balance sheet of a business or entity, and the latter
affects the net income that they report. Generally the cost is allocated, as
depreciation expense, among the periods in which the asset is expected to
be used. This expense is recognized by businesses for financial reporting
and tax purposes.
Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd uses the fixed depreciation method for
calculating the depreciation for its fixed assets. Normally the rate of
depreciation is kept 5%.

CAPITAL STRUCTURE
R.H.Wessel defines capital structure as "The capital structure
frequently used to indicate the long tern sources of fund employed in the
business enterprise.
CAPITAL
STRUCTURE

EQUITY
SHARES

EQTU. SHARES +
PREFERENCES
SHARES

EQTY. SHARES +
DEBENTURES

EQTY. SHARE +
DEBENTURE +
PREF. SHARE

Echjay steel has a very simple capital structure. Company mainly

depends upon equity share only. Company has equity shares and reserve
of Rs. 97.50 crore in capital structure so company is free from liability
from interest and easy to manage it.

MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSESTS

In Echjay steel, fixed assets are managed very effectively and
efficiently by finance department. Company maintains one registered for
fixed assets and in that company reap records or date purchase of assets,
repair, etc. Company has fixed assets in year 2002, 1808 lacks less 472
compare to previous year

ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES

Administration is one of the most crucial and important

functions of any organization like management. Administration means to
formulate plans, strategies and setting up of objectives of the firm or
organization. It is mainly concentrated on the top level of the firm. Many
times it is believed that administration and management are used
interchangeably. But administration is thinking and decision-making
process while management is an operational function.
So as it is administration function is important, in the same way
administrative cost and expenses are too important and needs to be
effectively handled for betterment of the firm or enterprise. The expenses
that an organization incurs not directly tied to a specific function such as
manufacturing/production or sales. These expenses are related to the
organization as a whole as opposed to an individual department; also
referred to as "administrative cost."
In Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd, administrative expenses is associate
to administrative department.
In Echjay Industries Pvt Ltd some of the administrative expenses
involved are:
1) Preparation of site and factory plan
2) Preparation of Production process plans and chart
3) Salary given to office staff and preparation of accounts
4) Cost of auditing and costing
5) Quasi rent of office and factory land
6) Expenses involved in building business relations and contracting
7) Charges for cooling, heating power and water
8) The cost for mobile and landline bills
9) The electricity bills
10) Salary of foreman and commissions of agents

PROFITS AND TAXES

Whenever we hear the word- Business or Firm the first thing
which comes to our mind is what profits and taxes. Profit is the return to
an owner of capital stock (means of production or land) in any productive
pursuit involving labor, or a return on bonds and money invested in
capital markets.
A tax is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer
(an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a
state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes are also imposed
by many administrative divisions. Taxes consist of direct or indirect
taxes and may be paid in money or as its labor equivalent.
Every firm or organization has to manage and look for its profits
and taxes. Profits are mandatory in order to survive in the market and to
run the business on regular basis. Profits are the main motive for every
business. According to the daily turnover the profit margin varies from
27-30%. It may vary every month according to changes in demand and
supply of the product and firms turnover.
We also know that every firm or organization who engages in
business or production needs to pay various types of taxes to the
government in order to carry on its working.
1) Excise Duty- 12.36% on total production
2) VAT- 4%+1% on sale out quantity
2) Income Tax- Varies due to change in the profits earned

SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT analysis (alternatively SWOT Matrix) - is a structured
planning method used to evaluate
the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in
a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for
a product, place or person. It involves specifying the objective of the
business venture or project and identifying the internal and external
factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective.
Setting the objective should be done after the SWOT analysis
has been performed. This would allow achievable goals or objectives to
be set for the organization.

Strengths: characteristics of the business or project that give it

an advantage over others
Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the team at a
disadvantage relative to others
Opportunities: elements that the project could exploit to its
advantage
Threats: elements in the environment that could cause trouble
for the business or project

Identification of SWOTs is important because they can inform

later steps in planning to achieve the objective. First, the decision makers
should consider whether the objective is attainable, given the SWOTs. If
the objective is not attainable a different objective must be selected and
the process repeated. Users of SWOT analysis need to ask and answer
questions that generate meaningful information for each category
(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to make the analysis
useful and find their competitive advantage.

Hari Om Steel Industries effectively uses the concept of SWOTanalysis. The firm believes that the weaknesses, threats and negtive side
of the firm should be dealt first. We should not only be happy on our
strengths and good side of the firm. If we want to be prosperous and
move to sustainable development, SWOT-analysis is the must.
Hence the firm has draft a chart featuring the strengths and
opportunities as its good side and weakness and threats as its bad side.
Knowing and compring the intensity of both side the firm takes rational
decision with respect with SWOT-analysis.
SWOT-analysis of Hari Om Steel Industries comprises:
1) Strengths- a. Good reputation in Saurashtra-Kutch region.
b. Goodwill of its promoter- Mr. Manharbhai Virdia
c. Partners possessing different abilities and skills
d. no competitors in nearby region or place
2) Opportunities- a. Firm has planned for expansion and diversification
b. Firm has applied for more loans and cash-credit for
more working capital and cash flow
c. Well establish position with well defined market
niche.

3) Weakness- a. Shortage of consultants at operating level rather than

partner level
b. Firm doesnt have well defined heirarchy level with
well establish unity of command
c. Less availability of more foreman with diversed skills
d. Have to depend on agents in Bhavnagar Market region
e. Increase labor turnover
4) Threats- a. From larger companies manufacturing ISI-TMT bars
b. Larger consultancies operating at minor level
c. Future trade union problem mah arise
d. Other small consultancies looking to invade the
marketplace

Internal factors The strengths and weaknesses internal to the

organization.
External factors The opportunities and threats presented by the
external environment to the organization.

The internal factors may include all of the 4Ps; as well as personnel,
finance, manufacturing capabilities, and so on. The external factors may
include macroeconomic matters, technological change, legislation, and
socio-cultural changes, as well as changes in the marketplace or
competitive position. The results are often presented in the form of a
matrix.

FUTURE PLANS

FUTURE PLAN
Every firm or organization has to plan about their future
vision and mission about their future prospective. This is important
because it leads to firms growth and expansion, more turnovers, more
profits, more prosperity and more customers. If the future plans of the
firm is viable, effective and valid it helps the firm to sustain in the
competitive market and prosper with sustainable growth.
The Echjay steel industry trying to maximize its quality
performance along with the productivity of the company. The company is
trying to develop its products as per the requirement of the customers.
If today the world Echjay, the company is determined to go on
remaining that trust in the years to come.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION
I hereby conclude that my visit in M/s ECHJAY INDUSTIRES
PVT LTD really proved beneficial to me. I really got a great exposure in
production and marketing perspectives. I could able to learn the real
business scenario and working in the market. It is very important to learn
business in real life and to gain practical experience, which may prove
very helpful in our theoretical studies.
I am too much interest in entrepreneurship. To be real
entrepreneur and to gain entrepreneur skills, I really got a great
opportunity to gain and learn the skills and experience from ECHJAY
INDUSTIRES PVT LTD
I was not able to apply the knowledge of business in real life
situation. But now after my practical studies in ECHJAY INDUSTIRES
PVT LTD, I could now relate my knowledge with real life applicability in
business perspective.
If I get chance and more exposure in business world, I would like
to visit more and more firms, industries, companies and organization to
gain whenever I can get from them. The road to success in business can
only be led by knowledge, practical skills and experience along with
exposure.

SUGGESTION
.

SUGGESTION
Actually I am just a student and to write something as a part of
suggestion for such firm or organization is more than ability and out of
my scope. But the BBA faculty has involved practical study in BBA
course. So student has to work as their reports.
I would rather suggest ECHJAY INDUSTIRES PVT LTD to give
me any suggestion to improve my way of dealing with business aspects
and how to develop my entrepreneur skills and abilities. Suggest me the
different ways from which I can able to learn more and more and how to
gain more practical knowledge.
Instead of suggestion, I would prefer to write experience report
which I have gain from ECHJAY INDUSTIRES PVT LTD.
Yet small suggestion for the firm can be that the firm should invite
more and more such students from different universities and set up a
learning camp in their firm and university faculties should also help such
firm in that process. In this way student can able to learn the practicality
aspect of business world and even the firm or organization can get new
and innovative ideas from students.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLOGRAPHY
NAME
1. BUSINESS ORGANIZATION & MGT.
2. PRINCIPAL & PRACTICE OF MGT.

AUTHOR
M.C.SHUKLA
B.S. SHAH