Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Arunjyoti Sarkar
PhD Student, UiS
Advisors
.
Design Basis for Offshore Wind Turbine for shallow and deep water
Slide 2
Slide 3
Today, different offshore wind farms are located at sites with water depth
<50m
Slide 4
The generator and the tower are today supplied by turbine manufacturers,
which are then placed over the support structure
The structure can be divided into two parts, generator and the support
structure (tower and foundation)
Slide 5
Project phases
The work in different project phases need different levels of design basis
The phases are:
Planning
Designing (to be improved from planning to designing)
Fabrication
Installation (structure and cables)
Commissioning and grid connection
Operation, Inspection and maintenance
Decommissioning
In case the design basis is not sufficiently accurate, huge aditional costs
can incur
This applies in particular to geotechnical information
Selection of a vessel that cannot handle the waves, could cause very long
delays
Slide 6
Purpose of design_1
In any work, there are always more than one limiting factors. This requires
that the working process must be designed such that it can face any
challanges during the execution or during fulfilling the purpose of the work.
The design basis document legally specifies what the client wants and how
the work is to be carried out.
It includes, in principle, all basic information needed by a contractor to carry
out the job satisfactorily
Separate design basis documents are issued for various segments of the work:
Slide 7
Purpose of design_2
A structural design basis includes all basic information needed by a contractor
to carry out the job satisfactorily.
Slide 8
Load cases and load combinations: Dead load, Live load, Operational load,
Environmental load, Loads during temporary Phases, Accidental loads
Material and its mechanical properties: to check the safety in the design
Normally, the client and the contractor meet to discuss and agree on the plan
for the work.
Slide 10
The support structures and foundation for offshore wind turbine will be designed
for normal safety class (DNV-OS-J101), i.e., normal annual failure probility 10-4
Slide 11
Type of turbine
-Turbine capacity and range of operating rpm
-Nacelle mass including rotor (mass, MOIs)
-Rotor diameter
-Hub height from MSL
Slide 13
Slide 14
-Ice (atmospheric ice formation, ice due to water spray, ice density)
-Marine growth (typically 20 to 50mm, depends on location, water depth)
-Sediment transportation
-Scouring of soil
-Density of air, sea water
-Air and water temperature
-Seawater salinity
-Frequency of lightining strike on ground
-Design solar radiation intensity
-Seismic condition
-Ship traffic
-Presence of obstacles and disposed matters
-Pipelines and cables
Slide 15
4 Geotechnical information_1
This is an important input to select the foundation type.
Slide 16
Typical example
4 Geotechnical information_2
Geotechnical information for piles / monopiles
Allowable scour depth to be specified in order to estimate the long term effect
on the foundation stiffness.
Slide 17
5 Loads on structure_1
5 Loads on structure_2
Generator load cases can be considered following IEC. Some of the typically
governing load cases are:
Power production
Power production in 50 yrs seastate
Safety system fault
Generator cut-out
Idling in storm
Idling after fault
Slide 19
5 Loads on structure_3
Other loads on the structure:
Load in structural components during lifting and transportation
Load in structural components during installation
Ship impact load, helicopter load, boat landing load
Load on access platforms
Load on intermediate rest platform
Load from hand rails, lower gangway
Reaction loads from crane(s)
Vertical slamming load on various parts where water surface interaction
probability exists.
Load combination cases to be formulated with prescribed load factors
following applicable recommended practices
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
Note: OWT structures For some OWT strutctures, coating damage reported
after few years and corrosion started
9 Modelling features
Analysis and software to be used for the design:
OWT problem is typically defined as aero-hydro-servo-structural problem
Fully coupled solution with CFD and FEM is costly, BEM model (or other)
provides simpler approach
For large number of sensitivity studies, decoupled analysis is more
attractive
HAWC2 / FAST / RIFLEX etc. (prefer those which provide easy dll links)
Recommended damping ratio:
Important to be used in the dynamic analysis
Structural damping
Geotechnical damping
1%
Hydrodynamic damping
Aerodynamic damping
10-20% (log decreement)
Run free vibration simulation(s) to estimate the damping incorporated in
the numerical model
Any change in stiffness and damping with time (sensitivity study)
Slide 26
Slide 27
Gravity based foundations / monopiles are suitable for 25m water depth
Monopile / Jacket type foundations are suitable for 50m
OWT on floaters appears suitable for 100m (active research area)
Slide 29
Summary
The design basis serves as (i) a technical basis for design and construction of
an offshore wind farm, (ii) a basis for managing project variation orders
(together with contract)
Slide 30
References
Petersen P, Neilsen KB, Feld T. Design basis for offshore wind turbine,
Copenhagen Offshore Wind 2005.
DNV-OS-J101, Design of offshore wind turbine structures, 2011.
Seidel M. Design of support structures for offshore wind turbines interfaces
between project owner, turbine manufacturer, authoroties and designer,
Stahlbau 79 (2010), vol. 9.
Fischer T, Vries WD, Schmidt B. UpWind design basis WP4 offshore
foundations and support structures, Project UpWind.
OWA offshore wind farm UK round 3, Design basis version 2 (draft), Carbon
Trust, 2009.
Siedel M, Mutius M, Steudel D. Design and load calculation for offshore wind
foundations of a 5MW turbine, in: proceedings of DEWEK 2004.
Bulow L, Ljjj J, Gravesen H. Kriegers Flak offshore wind farm design basis for
foundation, Vattenfall Vindkraft AB, 2008.
Slide 31