FUNCTION 5

1.battery room safeties

Refer Mac George book.

2.alternator maintenance,
Isolate the alternator and also the space heater.
Check the wiring for damages, tightness of the connection, and condition of the insulation.
Signs of oil and water on the terminal connection.
Air intake filter to be changed.
Cleaning of the stator winding and rotor winding.
Check for minor abrasion can be repaired by application of dry varnish.
Insulation testing of stator and rotor winding after the disconnection of the electronic equipments.
Air gap measurement 1.5 to 2.5 mm max.

3.voltage is not devoloping, reasons

AVR not functioning properly.
Loose connection.
Governor not functioning properly.
Mistakely adjusted Voltage trimmer on the switchboard.

What is brushless generator.

Mac George.

Steering gear motor safeties.

Overload alarm
Single phasing protection.
Emergency power source.
Power failure alarm.
Automatic change over of motor.
Thicker windings for the motor, motor will burn out on overload but will not trip.
Reverse direction interlock.(pawl and ratchet, direction valve)
Then as far as possible its own separate circuit supplied from a steering gear power circuit from a point
within the steering gear compartment, or directly from switchboard busbars supplying that steering

gear power circuit at a point on the switchboard adjacent to the supply to the steering gear power
circuit.

ESBD supply machineries.

emergency lighting:
.1. in all service and accommodation alleyways, stairways and exits, personnel lift cars and personnel lift
trunks;
.2. in the machinery spaces and main generating stations including their control positions;
.3. in all control stations, machinery control rooms, and at each main and emergency switchboard;
.4. at all stowage positions for firemens outfits;
.5. at the steering gear;
.6. at the fire pump at the sprinkler pump, if any, and at the emergency bilge pump at the starting positions of
their motors; and
.7. in all cargo pump-rooms of tankers
all internal communication equipment, the fire detection and fire alarm system; and
.4. intermittent operation of the daylight signalling lamp, the ships whistle, the manually operated call points
and all internal signals that are required in an emergency;

Alternator specification
Ship specific.

function 5:
1. How many methods of paralling.
There are 2 main method for paralleling on board

Synchronoscope.

Three lamp method.

We can also lamp method and also voltmeter for paralleling only as a emergency method.

2. Explain synchronoscope detail.

Given in Mac George electrical

3. what is intrensically safe.

Equipment is called intrinsically safe when it doesnt produce a spark or thermal effect which is capable of
ignition a flammable atmosphere under normal or at fault condition.

5. Reverse power trip explain.

Mac George book.

6.Transformer working principle.

Mac George electrical.

func 5..
1. alternator safety? 3. safeties in generator and trip ??? explain all the trip and
how will u test all trips like preferential trip, overload trip, short circuit and others
too
OCIT(over current inverse time relay): monitors general balanced overloading and has current/time setting.
OC(over current inst.): instantaneous trip to protect against extremely high overcurrent caused by short circuit
fault.
NPS(negative phase sequence) relaydetermines the amount of unbalance in the stator current which is an
indirect measure the generator stator and rotator temp. A relatively small unbalance cause a significant
increased temp rise
DIFF(differential measurement) of current at each end of the stator phase winding. This comparison of current is
to detect an internal fault in the stator winding which may be caused by partially short-circuited coil turns and
or earth fault
EL(earth leakage) detects fault current returning back through the earthed neutral connection. In ships HV
generator system the earth fault current is limited by a high impedance or earthing transformer so the pick up
current setting is very low.
UV/OV(under/over voltage) monitored by the relay to prevent under/over voltage

UF/OF(under/over frequency) monitored by relays to protect the generator from under/over frequency
RP(reserve power) generator intended to run in parallel must have reserve power protection. This monitors the
direction of the power flow from generator to load . if the prime mover act as a motor the relay would detect
this fault and acts to trip the generator.
OCIT and preferential trip are same they are mainly to maintain continuous power supply to equipment which
are necessary for safe navigation of a ship. All non essential equipments trip such as deck m/c, galley
equipments, etc.

2. generator principle
Generator works on the electromagnetic induction principle. When rotating a coil in a magnetic field or rotating
the magnetic field around a stationary coil will induce a emf in the coil the voltage induced will depend on the
No of coils, Strength of the magnetic field, The speed at which the coil/magnetic field is rotated.

4. faults that can occur in electrical circuits ?? explain how and y

There are 3 basic faults that can occur in an electrical circuit
Open circuit :- is due to a break in the conductor so that a current cannot flow.
Earth fault :- is due to a break in the insulation allowing the conductor to touch the hull or an earth metal
enclosure.
Short circuit :- is due to a double break in the insulation allowing bith the conductor to be connected so that a
very large current by passes or short circuit the load.

5. transformer principle??
Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. When the current in the primary is changed the flux
linkage with the secondary also changes, which induces a flux in the secondary. Transformer is mainly used for
step up/step down the voltage without any change in frequency.

6. AVR circuit diagram ??explain each component and trace its current flow with
arrow mark?
Given in Mac George book.

Func 5
Q conditions for paralleling? wathpns wen u synchronize out of phase?
There are four main condition for paralleling.
Voltage to be same
Frequency to be same
Phase connection should be same(i.e R-R, Y-Y, B-B)
Phase sequence should be same.
At 11 o clock then breaker is pushed so that that the at 12 o clock position the breaker closes.
When the phase sequence is not same that is when R phase of the incoming generator doesnt reaches it max
when the R phase of the bus bar reaches max and then incoming generator is made to synchronize then a large
current flows in-between the incoming generator and the bus bar. This current tends to speed up the incoming
generator but this in turn slows the generator on load. If the difference in phase is too large then the breaker
will trip resulting in black out.

Q msb safeties
Ebonite rod
Rubber mat in front of the MSB
Rear side at a space of 0.6m for passage and also a rubber mat
Dead front/ Power off before opening the panel.
Fuse/ Circuit breakers
Earth fault indicator.
Panel door earthed
No oil/water/steam line passing over the switchboard
Overcurrent trip/ preferential trip
Reverse current trip.
Over/under voltage trip
Over or under frequency.

Tie breaker

Q hwwil u take insulation test in alternator? wat precautions u ll take prior

insulation test
Measure the insulation of the stator and the rotor winding to the earth and between stator phase (assuming the
netural point is available for disconnection at the terminal box).
Precaution to be taken while insulation test is to remember to disconnect or short-circuit any electronic
components which are likely to be damaged by high voltage insulation test. Consult the wiring diagram and
manufacture instruction before testing.

Q isolated neutral system. y such system in ship..

there the neutral is isolated or insulated. In a insulated neutral system when a earth fault occurs on one line of
the insulated distribution system will not cause any protection devices to operate and the system will continue
to operate normally. As single earth fault doesnot provide a complete circuit so no earth fault current will flow.
When a second fault occurs in another line, the 2 fault will be equivalent to short circuit fault and resulting in
large current which would operate the protection devices and cause disconnection of the equipment.
Hence insulated neutral is more preferred than earthed neutral.

what is megger?howll u take insulation resistance?what are all the safety

precautions to be taken while taking insulating resistance and in MEGGER?
Megger is an instrument for taking insulation resistance on the circuit.
Safety Precautions are high voltage 500V is used for insulation measurement hence the care must be taken
that the circuit is isolated properly. Since high voltage is used all electronic equipments such as diode etc must
be isolated or short circuit.
Insulation resistance is taken between phase and and between phase and earth.

Func 5:
power factor? What is meant by true power and apparent power?
the power factor of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of the real power flowing to the load,
to the apparent power in the circuit. Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular
time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit.

Alternator specifications
Brushless alternator with avr
Scr
3phase induction motor, lenz law
Open,short circuit and Earth fault
How will u test all those
Intrinsic safety
Multi Gas detector construction and working
Generator safeties
How will you check reverse power trip
And lot of cross questions

1.Gen specifications,no of poles

2.Speed freq relationship
3.Preferential trip,working
4.Single phase transformer
5.Squirrel cage motor working,adv,
applications
6.power factor,values full details