Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Spring 2016
Assignment #5
Date: Apr. 05, 2016
Analyzing transient linear flow associated with HFs in a tight gas condensate reservoir:
For this assignment, which is an implementation of the rate-transient analysis (RTA) technique,
the goal is to extract the hydraulic-fracture (HF) attribute N f x f k from the transient linear flow
period for a well producing at variable flow-rates and flowing pressures. Pseudo-variable
transforms (for both pressure and time) are used to linearize the diffusivity equation under twophase flow conditions. Then a computational workflow is employed to compute x f k using Black
Oil PVT data as well as a saturation-pressure relationship.
xf
x-direction
Schematic showing linear flow toward two fractures in multi-fractured horizontal well. The shaded
rectangle indicates the element of symmetry. The following mathematical derivation is based on
twice the area of shaded rectangular. Note that the gas production (q gsc ) from one lateral
corresponds to 2 N f A k = 4 N f x f h k , where N f is number of hydraulic fractures.
Spring 2016
H. Emami-Meybodi
R k
k
Rs S o S g
+
s ro + rg p =
Bg
o Bo g Bg 0.00633k t Bo
Diffusivity equation for linear flow (1D):
k p
Rs k ro
Rs S o S g
+ rg =
+
x o Bo g Bg x 0.00633k t Bo
Bg
p
b
a =
x x 0.00633k t
R
1
Rs
1
, b = S o s + (1 S o )
+ k rg
Bo
Bg
o Bo
g Bg
where a = k ro
b p b S o
+
a =
x x 0.00633k p t S o t
2 p pg
x
( g ct )i p pg
0.00633k t pg
p pg ( x,0 ) = p pgi
p pg
0.001127 Ak
x
p pg (, t pg ) = p pgi
where p pg =
adp
t pg =
pbase
( c )
g t i
b p p
t
p
= q gsc where A = 2 x f h
x =0
Ppg
pg
Ppg = 2
Ppg ( X ,0 ) = 0
dPpg dX (0, ) =
Ppg (, ) = 0
where
pg =
0.00633k
t ,
( g ct )i x 2f pg
X =
x
xf
Analytical solution for the above differential equation with the given initial and boundary
conditions is:
X2
pg
exp
Ppg (X , pg ) = 4
4
pg
X 1 erf X
4 pg
Spring 2016
H. Emami-Meybodi
pg
Ppg (0, pg ) = 2
p pgi p pgwf
qgsc
39.82
1
h ( g ct )i x f k
t pg
= m t pg
q gsc
where m =
t ps
39.82
1
, therefore
h ( g ct )i x f k
xf
k =
39.82
mh ( g ct )i
adp
pp =
pbase
39.82
t =m t
h ( g ct )i x f k
3) As an initial guess, determine x f k using initial rock and fluid properties and:
xf k =
39.82
mh ( g ct )i
2 x f y DOI h
Bgi
osc
kt
, n p = gsc +
q gsc ( )d
GOR( )
(g ct )i
0
t
y DOI = 0.113
5) Calculate average oil saturation at the average pressure found in Step 4 using S o (p) data,
6) Calculate pseudo-time using:
tp =
( c )
g t i
b p p
t
p
Spring 2016
H. Emami-Meybodi
b = So
Rs
1
+ (1 S o )
Bo
Bg
b
d Rs
d 1
+ (1 S o )
= So
p
dp Bo
dp Bg
n q
q gsc ( j 1)
= gsc ( j )
q gsc (n )
j =1
p pi p pw
qsc
(t p (n ) t p ( j1) )
= m ps t ps
9) Determine x f k using:
xf k =
39.82
m ps h ( g ct )i
Input data
1) Reservoir initial pressure and saturation pressure,
2) Reservoir porosity and formation thickness,
3) Initial total compressibility,
4) Oil and gas density at SC for gas reservoirs,
5) Relative permeability table: k ro (S o ) and k rg (S o ),
6) PVT data table: R s , R v , B o , B gd , o , g ,
7) P-S data table: S o (p)
8) P-Z data table: Z tp (p) for gas reservoirs,
9) Production data table: t, p wf (t), q gsc (t), GOR(t)
Spring 2016
H. Emami-Meybodi
Use the above information and the given data in the Excel file (Assignment_5_Data.xlsx) to:
a) Plot p ave (psia) and So ave vs. time (day).
b) Plot final (p pi p pwf )/q gsc vs.
t ps .
c) Determine N f x f k .
d) If the formation permeability is 0.0011 md, determine x f (ft).
Spring 2016
H. Emami-Meybodi