1. The three major fields of electronics are Computers, Communications, and Control.

The
Largest is the Computer field.
2. Communication is defined as the process of exchanging information.
3. Most human communication is oral even though there is a glut of written communication.
4. Two major barriers to human communication are distance and language.
5. Electronic communications came into being in the late nineteenth century.
6. The three main elements of any communications system are transmitter, channel and
receiver.
7. The three major types of communications paths are wire, radio and fiber optic.
8. The transmitter converts the message into a form compatible with the selected medium.
9. The receiver converts the message from the medium into a form understandable by a human.
10. Undesirable interference in communications noise is which is added to the signal in the
communication channel.
11. The communications media greatly degrades and the information attenuates signal.
12.
Three common sources of interference are atmosphere, manufacture equipment and
thermal agitation in components
13. One-way communications is called simplex. An example is radio and TV broadcasting.
14. Simultaneous two-way communications is called full duplex. An example is telephone
communications.
15. Two-way communications where each parry takes turns transmitting is referred to as half
duplex
16. Voice and video signals are continuous analog voltages.
17. On/off or coded signals are referred to digital as signals.
18. Voice and video signals may be transmitted digitally if they are first passed through a(n)
analog to digital converter.
19. An original voice, video, or data voltage is called the baseband signal.
20. To make the transmitted signal compatible with the medium, the process of modulation
must be used where the baseband signal is impressed upon a higher-frequency signal called the
carrier
21. Recovering the originally transmitted signal is called demodulation.
22. The process of transmitting two or more baseband signals simultaneously over a common
medium is called multiplexing.

23. Two methods of transmitting visual data over the telephone network are facsimile, teletext
24. A common household remote-control unit is the garage door opener.
25. The signaling of individuals at remote locations is called paging.
26. Performing, recording, and analyzing measurements at a distance is done with telemetry
equipment.
27.
Radio astronomy is based on the fact that stars and other heavenly bodies emit radio
waves.
28. List four ways radio is used in the telephone system microwave relay, satellites, cordless
phones.
29. Radar is based on the use of reflected radio signals.
30. Underwater radar is called sonar.
31. The two types of sonar are active and passive.
32. The radio communications hobby is called amateur or ham radiol
33. Computers exchange digital data over the telephone network by using devices called
modems.
34. Limited interconnections of PCs and other computers in offices or buildings are called local
area networks.
35.Signals that travel through free space for long distances are called electromagnetic waves or
radio frequency waves.
36.
37.
38.

Radio waves are made up of electric, magnetic fields.

A signal with a frequency of 18 MHz has a wavelength of 16.67 m.
Common power line frequencies of 50 and 60 Hz are in the ELF range.

39. Audio signals are not transmitted by electromagnetic waves because

a. Antennas would be too long.
b. Audio signals do not radiate.
c. Simultaneous transmissions would interfere.
d. The frequency is too low.
(Choose all that apply.)
40. The human hearing range is approximately 20 to 20 000 Hz.
41. The frequency range of the human voice is 300 to 3 000 Hz.
42. True or false. Radio transmissions do not occur in the VLF and LF ranges.
43. AM broadcast stations are in the MF range.

44. HF signals are also called shortwaves.

45. TV (channels 2 to 13) and FM broadcasting is in the VHF part of the spectrum.
46.

List five major uses of the UHF band.

-land mobile

-military

-cellular telephones

-amateur radio

-radar and navigation

47. A frequency of 1 GHz is the same as 1000 MHz.
48.

Frequencies above 1 GHz are called microwave.

49. The SHF and EHF ranges are primarily used by radar, satellite communications.
50. The frequencies just beyond the EHF range are called millimeter waves.
51. One micron is the same as 1/1 000 000 m.
52. Infrared signals are usually derived from heat sources.
53. The spectrum range of infrared signals is 0.7 to 10 mm.
54. One angstrom is equal to 0.0001 mm.
55. The visible light range is from 4000 to 8000.
56. Light signals use two mediums in electronic communications fiber-optic cables, free space
57. The spectrum space occupied by a signal is called the bandwidth
58. The new signals above and below the carrier frequency produced by the modulation process
are called sidebands.
59. A signal occupies the frequency range from 1.050 to 1.175 MHz. Its bandwidth is 125 kHz.
60. Wide-bandwidth signals must be transmitted at higher frequencies.
61. Percentage wise, there is less spectrum space at the lower frequencies.
62. Many communications electronics techniques are designed in order to conserve spectrum
space.
63. Electronic communications in the United States is regulated by a set of laws called the
Communications act of 1934.
64. The regulatory body for electronic communications in the United States is the FCC.
65. Government and military communications
Telecommunications and Information Administration.

are

coordinated

by

the

National

The electromagnetic spectrum is managed worldwide by the International Telecommunications

Union organization.