Foundation Mathematics

5 January 2016
Marking Scheme
This marking scheme has been prepared as a guide only to markers. This is not a set of
model answers, or the exclusive answers to the questions, and there will frequently be
alternative responses which will provide a valid answer. Markers are advised that, unless a
question specifies that an answer be provided in a particular form, then an answer that is
correct (factually or in practical terms) must be given the available marks.
If there is doubt as to the correctness of an answer, the relevant NCC Education materials
should be the first authority.

Throughout the marking, please credit any valid alternative point.

Where markers award half marks in any part of a question, they should ensure that
the total mark recorded for the question is rounded up to a whole mark.

Answer ALL questions

Marks
Question 1
a)

Simplify the following:

i)

3 7 6

ii)

2 4

iii) (5 2 )4

b) Simplify the following:

i)

( 3) + (2 + )
+

ii)

12 2 1

iii) 163 5
43

c)

Factorise the following:

i)

20 + 30 3
( + )
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

ii)

2 9 + 18
( )( )
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

d) Simplify the following:

i)

2
3
+
5 4
+
=

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

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ii)

Marks
2

4 3 2

5
7

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

e)

Transpose the following formula to make the subject:

2 = 3( + 4)

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

Solve the following equation and find the value of :
3
+ 2 = 17
2
=
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

g) Solve the following quadratic equation by factorising:

2 12 = 0
( + )( ) =
So, = or =
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer

f)

Total 20 Marks

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Marks
Question 2
a)

Solve the following quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula:

3 2 7 + 1 = 0
You may leave your answer in surd form.

=

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

b) Solve the following simultaneous equations and find the value of and .
i)

+ 4 = 21 and 5 4 = 9
= , =

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

ii)

2 + 6 = 24 and + 2 = 10
= , =

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

c)

I go to a shop and buy 3 apples. I receive 40p change from 1. How much does
ONE (1) apple cost?
Let be the cost of one apple. Since 1=100p:
=
=

Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

d) Calculate the gradient of the following curves using differentiation at the point
where = 2:
i)

= 2 3 + 4
Differentiating gives:

= +

When = :

= () +

=
So when = the gradient is
Up to 2 marks for differentiation of curve, 1 mark for correct gradient.
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ii)

Marks
3

= 0.25 4 3
Differentiating gives:

When = :

=
So when = the gradient is
Up to 2 marks for differentiation of curve, 1 mark for correct gradient.

e)

A particle moves metres in seconds so that = 2 3 8 + 4.

i)

Find the velocity, , after 3 seconds.

=
=

When = :
= ()
=
So, after 3 seconds the velocity is 46m/s

Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

ii)

Find the acceleration, , after seconds.

=
=

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer. If answer

incorrect only because of error in part (e)(i) award full marks.

Total 20 Marks

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Marks
Question 3
a)

i)

Using differentiation, find the coordinates of the turning point on the curve
= 7 2 + 7 + 3.
Differentiating gives:

= +

Turning points are located where = + =

= when = /

When = , =

So, the turning point is at ( ,

Up to 2 marks for differentiating the curve, 1 mark for working and 1

mark for correct coordinates.
ii)

Identify the turning point found in part (a)(i) as either a maximum or minimum
turning point.

The turning point at ( , ) is a maximum turning point since the

gradient is positive just before and negative just after.

Possible working:
The gradient just before the turning point is positive since when = 0,

i.e. the gradient is positive.

The gradient just after the turning point is negative since when = 1

i.e. the gradient is negative.

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct classification of turning
point.
Candidates may use an alternative method, e.g. the second derivative
test, for which full marks should be awarded if workings clear and
answer correct.
b) Integrate the following expression:
4 6 + 3

( + ) =
+ +

where is a constant.

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

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c)

The gradient of the curve which passes through the point (2, 3) is given by
3 + 2. Find the equation of the curve.

The gradient is given by + hence = +

Integrate to obtain:
= ( + )

=
+ +

The curve passes through the point (2, 3), so when = , =

Substitute these values back into the integrated equation to obtain:

=
+ () +

=+
So, =
Therefore the equation of the curve is =

Marks
3

Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

d) Evaluate the following definite integrals.
i)

(5 4 8)
2

) = [

= [ ]
= {() () } {() () }
=
Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.
ii)

(12 2 + 10)
1

+ ) = [
+
]

= [ + ]
= {() + () } {() + () }
=
Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.
(

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e)

Marks
3
Find the area bounded by the curve = 15 2 5, the -axis and the lines = 1
and = 2.

= ( )

=[
]

= [ ]
= {() ()} {() ()}
=
=
Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.
Total 20 Marks

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Marks
Question 4
a)

The acceleration of a moving body at the end of seconds from the

commencement of motion is (9 2 10) m/s2.
i)

Find the velocity at the end of 5 seconds if the initial velocity is 15 m/s

The equation for acceleration is =

We can integrate this to obtain an expression for the velocity:

= +
Substituting in = ( ) we obtain:
= ( ) +
= +
To calculate the velocity, we need to determine the constant of
integration. The initial velocity is the velocity at = . So when = ,
= . Substitute these values into the expression for to give:
= +
So, =
The equation for velocity is therefore:
= +
After 5 seconds, i.e. at = , the velocity is:
= () () +
= +
= /
Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.
ii)

Find the distance travelled by the body at the end of 4 seconds.

Distance is given by the equation =

Integrate the equation for using the limits of 0 and 4. Assume =

when = therefore = .

= ( + )

= [ + ]

= { () () + ()} {}

Up to 2 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

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Marks
b) Richard travels to college on two buses, bus 1 and bus 2. The buses can either
be late or on time.
The probability that bus 1 will be late is 0.2.
The probability that bus 2 will be late is 0.1.
i)

Draw a probability tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.

Draw a tree diagram writing L for late and T for on time.
Bus 1

Bus 2

Outcome

Probability

(L, L)

0.2 0.1 = 0.02

(L, T)

0.2 0.9 = 0.18

(T, L)

0.8 0.1 = 0.08

0.1
L
0.2

0.9
T
L
0.1
T

0.8
0.9
T (T, T)
0.8 0.9 = 0.72
1 mark for correct workings for each branch, 1 mark for each correct
outcome probability
ii)

Use your tree diagram to find out the probability that one of the buses will be
late
( ) = (, ) + (, )
= . + .
= .
1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

iii) Use your tree diagram to find out the probability that at least one of the
buses are on time
( ) = (, )
= .
= .

1 mark for correct working, 1 mark for correct answer.

c)

How many ways can we arrange 5 letters from the word cupboard if repetitions
are not allowed and different orders of the same letter count as the same
arrangement?
!
!

=
=
=
( )! ! ! !

1 mark for clear calculations, 1 mark for correct answer. Candidates may
use different notation.
Total 20 Marks
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Marks
Question 5
a)

The amount of sunlight (in hours) in an Alaskan town is recorded daily for a
period of 100 days.
Hours of sunlight
Frequency
i)

0<4
19

4<8
28

8 < 12
23

12 < 16
18

16 < 20
12

Select the TWO (2) words from the following list that best describe this data.

Continuous
Qualitative
Discrete
Quantitative
Quantitative (1 mark)
Continuous (1 mark)
ii)

Construct a histogram to summarise this data. Use the graph paper

provided.

2 marks for histogram with amount of sunlight (in hours) on horizontal

axis and frequency on vertical axis. 2 marks for accurate plotting of
bars.

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Marks
4

iii) Calculate the mean.

Amount of
sunlight in hours
()

Midpoint

Frequency ()

0<4
4<8
8<12
12<16
16<20
Totals

2
6
10
14
18

19
28
23
18
12
=

38
168
230
252
216
=

= .

Up to 3 marks for workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

iv) Which class interval will the modal value lie within?
Within the 4 < 8 class interval.

v)

Calculate the mode.

Using the formula for the mode we obtain:
( )
( )
( )
=+
(() )

=+

= . ( . . )

So the mode is or . (to 3 d.p.)

= +

1 mark for correct workings, 1 mark for correct answer.

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Marks
b) A researcher asks 60 people what their preferred supermarket is. The results are
shown in the table below.
Preferred supermarket of 60 people
Supermarket
A
B
C
D
E

Frequency
6
15
10
20
9

i)

Is this data primary or secondary data?

Primary

ii)

The researcher decides to present the data as a pie chart. Calculate the
relative frequency of supermarkets A and B and the angle of these sectors
on the pie chart.
Supermarket A relative frequency:

= . = %

1 mark for correct value.

Supermarket A angle of sector:

1 mark for correct value.

Supermarket B relative frequency:

= . = %

1 mark for correct value.

Supermarket B angle of sector:

1 mark for correct value.

c)

Calculate the range of the following set of data:

200 250 224 268
Range = 275 200 = 75

1
275

d) The variance of a set of data is found to be 6.25. Calculate the standard

deviation.
= = . = .

Total 20 Marks

End of paper
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Learning Outcomes matrix

Question

Learning Outcomes
assessed

1
2
3
4
5

1, 2
2, 4
4, 5
5, 7
2, 3, 6

Marker can differentiate

between varying levels of
achievement
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

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