What does the test result mean?

Moderately increased albumin levels found in both initial and repeat urine tests indicate that a person is likely to
have early kidney disease. Very high levels are an indication that kidney disease is present in a more severe form.
Undetectable levels are an indication that kidney function is normal.
The presence of blood in the urine, a urinary tract infection, vigorous exercise, and other acute illnesses may cause a
positive test result that is not related to kidney disease. Testing should be repeated after these conditions have
resolved.

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/microalbumin/tab/test/

Granular casts are a sign of many types of kidney diseases.

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003586.htm
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Normally, a few RBCs are present in urine sediment. Inflammation, injury, or disease in the kidneys or elsewhere in
the urinary tract, for example, in the bladder or urethra, can cause RBCs to leak out of the blood vessels into the
urine. RBCs can also be a contaminant due to an improper sample collection and blood from hemorrhoids or
menstruation.
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
The number of WBCs in urine sediment is normally low. When the number is high, it indicates an infection or
inflammation somewhere in the urinary tract. WBCs can also be a contaminant, such as those from vaginal
secretions.
Epithelial Cells
Normally in men and women, a few epithelial cells from the bladder (transitional epithelial cells) or from the external
urethra (squamous epithelial cells) can be found in the urine sediment. Cells from the kidney (kidney cells) are less
common. In urinary tract conditions such as infections, inflammation, and malignancies, more epithelial cells are
present. Determining the kinds of cells present helps the health care provider pinpoint where the condition is located.
For example, a bladder infection may result in large numbers of transitional epithelial cells in urine sediment.
Epithelial cells are usually reported as "few," "moderate," or "many" present per low power field (LPF).

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urinalysis/ui-exams/start/ 2
Blood (Hemoglobin)
This test is used to detect hemoglobin in the urine (hemoglobinuria). Hemoglobin is an oxygen-transporting protein
found inside red blood cells (RBCs). Its presence in the urine indicates blood in the urine (known as hematuria). The
small number of RBCs normally present in urine (see microscopic examination) usually result in a "negative" test.
However, when the number of RBCs increases, they are detected as a "positive" test result.

Even small increases in the amount of RBCs in urine can be significant. Numerous diseases of the kidney and urinary
tract, as well as trauma, medications, smoking, or strenuous exercise can cause hematuria or hemoglobinuria.
This test cannot determine the severity of disease nor be used to identify where the blood is coming from. For
instance, contamination of urine with blood from hemorrhoids or vaginal bleeding cannot be distinguished from a
bleed in the urinary tract. This is why it is important to collect a urine specimen correctly and for women to tell their
health care provider that they are menstruating when asked to collect a urine specimen.
Sometimes a chemical test for blood in the urine is negative, but the Microscopic Exam shows increased numbers of
RBCs. When this happens, the laboratorian may test the sample for ascorbic acid (vitamin C), because vitamin C has
been known to interfere with the accuracy of urine blood test results, causing them to be falsely low or falsely
negative.
Leukocyte Esterase
Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme present in most white blood cells (WBCs). Normally, a few white blood cells
(seemicroscopic examination) are present in urine and this test is negative. When the number of WBCs in urine
increases significantly, this screening test will become positive.
When the WBC count in urine is high, it means that there is inflammation in the urinary tract or kidneys. The most
common cause for WBCs in urine (leukocyturia) is a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI), such as a bladder or kidney
infection.

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urinalysis/ui-exams/start/1#ph