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This method is the simplest general method for estimating group settlement and is
applicable both to short-term and long-term settlement problems (Poulos, 1993) The
method assumes that the drilled shaft group is equivalent to a raft or large footing
buried in the ground at some distance D below the ground surface. D is selected
based upon whether the drilled shafts resist load primarily in side shear (D = 0.67
Ldrilled shaft) or in base resistance (D = L drilled shaft). Most drilled shafts in relatively
uniform soils resist load through a combination of the two resistance components,
so a value between these two limits is usually appropriate (D = 0.7 0.8 L drilled shaft).
The group is considered to be rigidly capped, so that all shaft heads settle the same
amount. Under this condition
w
Tgroup
w
er
(C.60)
in which w
Tgroup
S is the
compression of the piles above the level of the equivalent raft assuming that the
drilled shafts are freestanding columns. The settlement of the equivalent raft is
computed by the first dividing the geomaterial beneath the elevation of the
equivalent raft into several layers. The settlement of the equivalent raft is given by
n
wer=FD
zi h i
(C.61)
i=1
in which FD is a factor that corrects for the depth of the equivalent raft,
zi
is the
As stated, the geomaterial below the level of the equivalent raft is divided into
several horizontal layers based on the deformational characteristics of each layer. If
the geomaterial is uniform below the equivalent raft, for best accurancy, it should
still be broken up into layers with thickness h i not exceeding about 0.5(bl)0.5 because
the geomaterial strain
zi
nonlinear manner.
Once these preliminary tasks have been performed, the calculations proceed as
follows:
zi
= p I i
zi
according to:
/ Ebi
(c.62)
Where Ebi is the Youngs modulus of the geomaterial in Layer i and I i
is an
influence factor obtained from Figure C.11. In that figure z is the vertical
distance from the equivalent raft to the center of Layer i.
zi
s = [Q
Tgroup (applied)(Draft)] / [AdsEc], where
Draft is the distance from the heads of the drilled shafts to the elevation of the
ewuivalent raft, Ads is the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all of the drilled
shafts in the group and E c is the Youngs modulus of the concrete in the drilled
shafts (corrected for steel if higher accuracy is desired).