HORMONES

1. Hormones
A. are chemical messenger that can provide biological effects on target cells.
B. receptors are protein in nature and can discriminate the specific hormones
C. estrogens are formed by aromatization of androgens
D. epinephrine synthesis required cytochrome p450
E. binds as a ligand to a specific protein called a receptor
2. Hormones receptor/s
A. on or in the cell is in a dynamic state
B. includes ion channels
C. for water soluble hormones are present in the cytosol and nucleus
D. has two functional domains that recognizes hormones and that generates the
intracellular signals
E. are protein or glycoprotein
3. Steroid hormones receptors have a site
A. for binding hormones
B. that binds to specific DNA region
C. that activates or repress gene transcription
D. that may specify high affinity binding to DNA
E. that concern with migration from cytosol to nucleus
4. Hormones that must be modified within the cell before they are secreted are
A. insulin
B. parathormone
C. POMC
D. dehydroepiandrosterone
E. epinephrine
5. Hormones of adrenal cortex are
A. aldosterone
B. cortisol
C. androgens
D. estrogens
E. catecholamine
6. Peptide hormone include
A. calcitonin
B. glucagons
C. ACTH
D, vasopressin
E. catecholamine
7. Hormone receptor complex binds to hormone response element and activates or inactivates
the specific genes by
A. selectively affecting the gene transcription
B. producing the specific protein
C. changing the amount of specific proteins
D. influencing the metabolic processes in the target cells
E. the protein produced may be enzymes, channel or orther singling molecules
8. The following hormones used as cGMP as a second messenger
A. ADH
B. ANP
C. endothelial derived relaxing factor
D. insulin

E. glucagon
9. Concerning the mechanism of action of hormones
A. they required receptors.
B. water soluble hormones receptors present in the nucleus.
C. steroid hormones produce second messengers for the action.
D. lipid soluble hormones can induce enzyme synthesis.
E. alteration in the permeability of the cell membrane
10.The mechanism of action of
A. steroid hormone is by binding to receptors present in the cell
B. glucagon is by the production of cAMP.
C. signaling molecules that used cAMP is activation to protein kinases
D. atriopeptin is via cGMP.
E. thyroid hormone is by using DAG as second messenger
11. Signal transduction involves
A. cell to cell communication
B. neurotransmitters
C. growth factor
D. hormones
E. autocrine secretion
12. Concerning G protein
A. pertussis toxin is an enzyme that modifies the alpha subunit of Gi by locking Gi in
the GDP and blocking the inhibition of Gs.
B. cholera toxin prevents the inactivation of Gs.
C. they have 4 subunits_ alpha, beta, gamma and delta.
D. the GTP form of Gs protein inactivates adenylatecyclase.
E. They are membrane proteins.
13. Second messenger/s
A. are the mediators of action of lipid soluble hormones.
B. arecAMP, cGMP and calmodulin
C. is produced in the cytosol and nucleus of targets cells
D. exhibits their actions by acting on protein kinases.
E. are generated as a consequence of ligand-receptor interaction
14. cAMP
A. is found only in eukaryotes.
B. activates an intracellular protein phosphatase.
C. interacts with G protein directly
D. activates an intracellular protein kinase.
E. is formed from ATP by the action of adenylcyclase.
15. Which of the following hormones used cAMP as a second messenger?
A. TSH
B. sex hormone
C. adrenocorticosteroids
D. ADH
E. ANP
16. Sex hormones
A. testosterone can be synthesized from progesterone by delta-5 pathway in
mammalian cells.
B. testosterone biosynthesis requires the enzyme delta- 5, 4 isomerase and C 17-20
lyase.
C. 17-beta estradiol is formed by aromatization of testosterone.

D. aromatase acting on androstenedione produces estrone.

E. are synthesized from cholesterol.
17. Steroid hormones
A. are synthesized from cholesterol
B. bind to specific receptor protein in cytosol
C. stimulate adenylcyclase activity
D. bind to HRE of the gene and increase gene transcription
E. use cAMP to regulate expression of specific gene
18. Hormones of the gonads are
A. DHEA
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Testosterone
E. 11- deoxycorticosterone
19. Catecholamines
A. are synthesized in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and other chromaffin
tissues.
B. are dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine
C. synthesized in the adrenal medulla is epinephrine and norepinephrine
D. are required for adaptation to acute and chronic stress.
E. production is increased in pheochromocytoma.
20. Steps involved in synthesis of catecholamines include
A. ring hydroxylation
B. carboxylation
C. side chain hydroxylation
D. N-methylation
E. Hydration
21. Biosynthesis of thyroid hormone
A. involves trapping of iodide against concentration gradient.
B. requires the amino acid phenylalanine
C. leads to the formation of DIT, T3 and T4.
D. can be inhibited by perchlorates
E. uncoupling of iodothyrosyls is by thyroperoxidase.
22. Uptake of iodine by thyroid gland is inhibited by
A. Thiocyanate
B. Chloride
C. Perchlorate
D. Bromide
E. thiourea drugs
23. Insulin
A. is a protein hormone
B. is a heterodimeric polypeptide contains two chains A and B linked by 2 interchain
disulphide brideges.
C. is synthesized as a preprohormone in the rough surface endoplasmic reticulum of B
cells of pancreas.
D. synthesis can be explained by signal hypothesis
E. requires plasma protein for their transport.
24. Interaction of insulin with its membrane receptor
A. affects transmembrane signals.
B. inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation in the receptor in the receptor molecule

C. reduce insulin glucose uptake

D. affects the rate of transcription of specific genes.
E. result in the conformational changes in the receptor
25. Blood calcium
A. level of a normal healthy adult is 2.1-2.6 mmol/L.
B. is lowered by calcitriol.
C. is reduced by parathromone which increases renal excretion of calcium.
D. is reduced by calcitonin during skeletal growth and pregnancy.
E. determines the bone mineralization & bone resorption.
26. Regarding the hormonal regulation of Ca++ homeostasis
A. Calcitriol receptor has a DNA binding domain that contain zinc finger motif.
B. PTH acts indirectly on the intestinal mucosa cells.
C. Calcitonin receptors are found in bones and kidneys.
D. PTH stimulates phospholipase C through the G protein
E. PTH causes reabsorption of Ca++& excretion of phosphate
27. Hormones derived from thyrosine include
A. Thyroxine
B. Epinephrine
C. Insulin
D. Glucagon
E. Dopamine
28. Which statement is true / false?
A. Bound form of hormone has biologic activity
B. Estrogen receptors bind the hormone in the nucleus
C. Peptide hormone does not penetrate the cell membrane
D. Epidermal growth factor increase tyrosine kinase activity of membrane receptors
E. The adrenal cortex produces dehydroepiandrosterone
29. Choose the correct / incorrect statement/s
A. Testosterone and estrogens are synthesized in the Leydigs cells
B. 17- beta estradiol is the primary estrogen of ovarian origin
C. Aromatization of androgens can produce estrogens
D. DHEA is more active than androstenedione
E. Glucocorticoids are 21 carbon steroids
30. Choose the correct / incorrect statement/s
A. Paarkinsonisms disease is a local deficiency of dopamine synthesis in CNS
B. Glucocorticoids analogs are potent anti-inflmmatory agents
C. Estrogenization is seen in cirrhosis of liver
D. Nitric oxide increase cGMP in the vascular smooth muscle
E. Bound hormones buffer against sudden changes in the plasma level of hormones by
slowing the rate of destruction
Answer Keys for HORMONE
1. ABCE
2. ABDE
3. ABCDE
4. AB
5. ABC
6. ABCD
7. ABCDE
8. B

9. ADE
10. ABCD
11. ABCDE
12. ABE
13. DE
14. DE
15. AD
16. ABCDE
17. ABD
18. ABCD
19. ABCDE
20. ACD
21. ACD
22. AC
23. ABD
24. ADE
25. ADE
26. ABCDE
27. ABE
28. BCDE
29. BCE
30. ABCDE