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d0 = 2.5 in
d = 22.5 in
dt = 24 in
A0s = 2.40 in2 (4 #7)
As = 8 in2 (8 #9)
wL = 3.5 kip/ft
(1)
(2)
(3)
By inspection, the dead load is less than eight times the live load, so w = 1.4DL need not
be checked.
wu = 1.2wD + 1.6wL
= 1.2(2.89 kip/ft) + 1.6(3.5 kip/ft) = 9.07 kip/ft
(4)
(5)
Now calculate the maximum factored shear at the support (Vu,sup ) and midspan (Vu,mid ).
Vu,sup = wu `/2 = (9.07 kip/ft)(24 ft)/2 = 108.9 kip
Vu,mid = 1.6(wL )`/8 = 1.6(3.5 kip/ft)(24 ft)/8 = 16.8 kip
(6)
(7)
The formula for the shear as a function of the distance, x, from the support is given by:
(Vu,sup Vu,mid )x
`/2
(108.9 kip 16.8 kip)x
= 108.9 kip
(24 ft)/2
= 108.9 kip (7.68 kip/ ft)x
Vu (x) = Vu,sup
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
100
90
80
Vu (kip)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
6
x (ft)
10
12
(17)
(18)
(19)
Zone C ends 10.3 feet from the support, which is shown graphically by the dotted line in
Figure 1. Try a #3 stirrup (Ab = 0.11 in2 Av = 0.22 in2 ). Use Vu,max to calculate the
stirrup spacing, s.
s =
Av fy d
Vu,max
Vc
(20)
(21)
(22)
Spacing is inadequate: it is best to use s 4 in. Try a #4 stirrup (Ab = 0.20 in2 Av =
0.40 in2 ):
0.40 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(22.5 in)
94.5 kip
39.8 kip
0.75
= 6.26 in
s =
(23)
(24)
Use s = 6 in as the stirrup spacing. The shear capacity of the stirrups, Vs is then calculated
as:
Av fy d
0.40 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(22.5 in)
Vs =
=
= 90 kip
(25)
s
6 in
p
This value must be compared to 4 fc0 bd to check maximum spacing:
p
p
4 fc0 bd = 4 4, 000 lb/in2 (14 in)(22.5 in)1 kip/1000 lb = 79.7 kip
(26)
2
p
Thus, because Vs > 4 fc0 bd, the spacing must satisfy
s min(d/4, 12 in) = min((22.5 in)/4, 12 in) = (22.5 in)/4 = 5.63 in
(27)
Use an initial spacing of 5 inches to meet the maximum spacing of 5.6 inches. We should
change spacing at most two or three times. If we increase spacing to s = 8 in:
0.40 in2 (60 kip/in2 )(22.5 in)
= 67.5 kip
(28)
8 in
p
Because the shear capacity, Vs , at s = 8 in is less than 4 fc0 bd = 79.7 kip, the maximum
spacing is governed by:
Vs =
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)
(34)
Solving as before, this spacing may begin 5.5 feet from the support.
Moving on to Zone B, the maximum spacing is s = d/2, or s = 11 in as shown above. We
also need to check the minimum steel area from {ACI 11.5.5.3}:
p
0.75 fc0 bw s
0.75 4, 000 lb/in2 (14 in)(11 in)
Av
=
(35)
fy
60, 000 lb/in2
0.12 in2
(36)
50bw s
50 psi(14 in)(11 in)
Av
=
(37)
fy
60, 000 lb/in2
0.13 in2
(38)
The larger area (Av 0.13 in2 ) controls. A #3 would work (Av = 2Ab = 2(0.11 in2 ) =
0.22 in2 ), but we do not want to change bar size. Use a #4 at spacing s = 11 in.
Lastly, determine where Zone A starts:
Vc
0.75(39.8 kip)
=
= 14.9 kip < Vu,mid = 16.8 kip
2
2
(39)
Thus, stirrups are required everywhere since there is no point on the beam where the concrete
alone is twice as strong as it needs to be. That is, there is no Zone A for this problem.
3
Rebar at Center
8 @ 5"
4 @ 8"
6 @ 11"
10"
2"
10
11
x (feet)
12