1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

the master controlling and communicating system of the body

the ability to respond to environmental stimuli
a change in the environment that elicit a response
the nervous system includes what?
nucleated cell body extend cytoplasmic processes of two types
highly branched extensions, often short that receive signals from other
neurons and convey this information toward the cell body
7. much longer extension that transmits signals to other cells, which may be
other neurons or effector cells
8. resembles a chain of oblong beads, wraps around the axon
9. gaps between Schwann cells
10.The junction between a synaptic terminal and another cell is
11.take nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands.
12.take nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
13.motor neuron said to have a_______
14.occur entirely within the CNS.
15.which is the distal end of the long axon of a sensory neuron, may be as
simple as a naked nerve ending (a pain receptor), or may be built into a
highly complex organ, such as the eye or ear
16.sensory neuron structure is?
17.3 functions of nervous system
18.the conduction of signals from sensory receptors, such as light-detecting cells
of the eye, to the CNS.
19.is the analysis and interpretation of the sensory signals and the formulation
of appropriate responses.
20.is the conduction of signals from the integration centers muscle cells or gland
21.cells that perform the bodys responses.
22.Involuntary responses to stimuli
23.the bodys automatic responses to stimuli
24.have a nervenet that is composed of neurons (nerve cells) in contact with
one another and with contractile cells in the body wall.
25.have a ladderlike nervous system, with two ventrally located lateral or
longitudinal nerve cords (bundles of nerves) that extend from the cerebral
ganglia to the posterior end of their body.
26.the brains have a greater concentration of neurons than those of flatworms,
and leech ventral nerve cords contain segmentally arranged ganglia.
27.composed of several fused ganglia, and its ventral nerve cord also has a
ganglion in each body segment
28.relatively large brain accompanied by complex eyes and rapid signaling along
giant axons, correlates well with the active predatory life of these animals.
29. located in the midline of the body and integrates sensory information and
controls the body
30.lies outside the CNS which carries signals into and out of the CNS
31.CNS contains what?
32.PNS contains what nerves?
33.functions such as memory, intelligence, learning and emotion (love, hate,
fear, anger, elation and sadness)

34.The master control center of the nervous system and includes homeostatic
centers that keep the body functioning
35.the innermost membrane consisting mainly of small blood vessels following
the surface of the brain supported by cerebrospinal fluid
36.middle membrane below the dura matter
37.centers for planning, learning movement sequences
38.sensory information is analyzed, motor commands are issued & language
39.outermost membrane, the toughest and the thickest
40.The main visceral control center of the body and is vitally important to overall
body homeostasis
41.specializes in sense reception.
42.secretes the hormone melatonin
43.most dorsal portion of the diencephalon and forms the roof of the third
ventricle
44.a sleep-inducing signal and antioxidant; and, along with hypothalamic nuclei,
helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
45.plays major role in memory, learning, speech, emotions;
46.Its the largest and most complex part of our brain, consists of right and left
_______
47.4 cerebral hemisphere
48.is a primary auditory area that receives information from the ears (hearing)
and
49.is concerned with sensory reception and integration, as well as taste.
50.is associated with motor control, memory, reasoning, and judgment.
51.which receives and partially integrates signals from touch, pain, pressure,
and temperature receptors throughout the body.
52.the primary visual area in the occipital lobe receives information from our
eyes.
53.functions mainly in sending commands to skeletal muscles, signaling
appropriate responses to sensory stimuli.
54.Two regions of cerebral cortex
55.controls balance or equilibrium and posture coordinates muscle contractions
56.receives sensory input
57.connects the brain to the spinal cord and The nerves in this section control
your heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
58.connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system and sends messages to
the brain
59.what are the two functions of spinal cord?
60.responsible for providing sensory (_____) information to the central nervous
system
carries motor (_____) commands out to the bodys tissues
61.innervates skeletal muscle, and
62.which innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
63.are nerve fibers which carry information into and out of the brain stem
(include smell, vision, eye, eye muscles, mouth, vision, taste, ear, neck,
shoulders and tongue)
64.how many spinal nerves in the body?
65.what are the cranial nerve name?

66.peripheral nerves that carry sensory information into the spinal cord and
motor commands
67.how many cranial nerves in the body
68.consists of efferent nerves responsible for stimulating muscle contraction,
including all the non-sensory neurons connected with
skeletal muscles and skin
69.conveys signal that regulate the internal environment by controlling smooth
and cardiac muscles and the organs of the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular,
excretory and endocrine systems.
70.fight-or-flight response)
71.housekeeper or rest and digest division, and "feed and breed"
72.specialized neurons or other cells that are tuned to the conditions of the
external world or internal organs
73.nerve impulses also called as?
74.List atleast 6 sensory receptors and define
75.a series of vibrations moving as waves through air, liquids, or solids
76.is detection of these vibrations, or sound waves through ground or water or
gases.
77.the organ of hearing and balance is present only in vertebrates
78.Sponges display a sense of _____by maintaining their _______.
79.Jellyfish and sea anemones have _____
80.Many mollusks, crustaceans and worms have____
81.Mosquitoes, cockroaches and other insects have hair______
82.Grasshoppers, crickets and many moths have more complicated hearing
organs, _____
83.Outer and middle ear functions only?
84.Inner ear function?
85.are sensory neurons that line the upper portion of the nasal cavity and send
impulses along their axons directly to the olfactory bulb of the brain.
86.Tongue- covered by approximately ______taste buds
87.the small elevations on the tongue.
88.which project into the taste pore, bear receptor proteins for certain
molecules.
89.Receptors for
Touch:
Pressure:
Heat:
Cold:
Pain :
90.secretes hormones that regulate the activities of your body, thus maintaining
homeostasis
91.chemical messengers made and secreted mainly by endocrine glands.
92.maintaining an internal steady state
93.have receptors for that specific hormone.
94.are water-soluble and others are lipid-soluble
95.water-soluble and are thus easily transported in the blood, but they cannot
pass readily through lipid-rich cell membranes

96.synthesized from cholesterol; lipid-soluble and easily dissolve in and pass

through cell membranes
97.three types of hormones
98.makes hormones that control the pituitary gland
99.produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands.
100.
four glands release parathyroid hormone, which regulate the level of
calcium in the blood.
101.
releases thymosin during childhood that stimulates T cell devt
102.
release epinephrine and norepinephrine that help body deal with
stress.
103.
releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as
daily sleep-wake cycles.
104.
produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism
105.
produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in
the blood
106.
produces estrogen and progesterone.
107.
necessary for devt of secondary sex char and eggs
108.
prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
109.
produce testosterone responsible for sperm production and the devt of
male secondary sex characteristics
110.
is the main control center of the endocrine system.
111.
Two kind of hormones and define
112.
called the master gland because many of its hormones regulate the
other endocrine function
113.
composed of nervous tissue and is actually an extension of the
hypothalamus. It stores and secretes two hormones that are made in the
hypothalamus.
114.
composed of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete numerous
hormones directly into the blood.
115.
Stimulates water reabsoprtion by kidneys
116.
Stimulates uterine muscle contraction, ejection of milk by mammary
glands
117.
Stimulates thyriod hormone
118.
stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
119.
Egg and sperm production and sex hormones
120.
Stimulates ovaries and testes Milk production and secretion in females
121.
Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth
122.
Regulates skin color in lower vertebrate
123.
Stimulate and maintain metabolism
124.
Lowers blood calcium level
125.
Raises blood calcium
126.
Raise blood glucose level; stimulate breakdown of protein
127.
Reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium
128.
Stimulate repro organs and bring about sex
129.
Emergency situations; blood glucose level
130.
Lowers blood glucose level; promotes formation of glycogen
131.
Raises blood glucose level
132.
Stimulates secondary male sex characteristics

133.
Stimulates female sex characteristics
134.
Circadian and circannal rhythms; possibly involved in maturation of sex
organs
135.
is characterized by destruction of the beta cells of the islets of
Langerhans and a complete lack of insulin.
136.
insulin is produced but cannot exert its effects because of a deficiency
of insulin receptors on cell membranes
137.
Deficiency of vasopressin, one of the ADH thus, abnormal increase in
urine output
138.
Underactive thyroid gland, cause myxedema and cretinism
139.
refers to thickening of the skin and other organs due to the
accumulation of glycosaminoglycans
140.
a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth
141.
an autoimmune disease in which specific antibodies are produced
,producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones
142.
when the blood levels of calcium are high;
143.
low serum calcium levels in the blood
144.
insufficient secretion of parathyroid hormones
145.
Decreased function of the adrenal cortex result to weakness, fatigue,
abdominal pains, nausea, dehydration
146.
Excessive secretion of glucocorticoids; corticosteroid produced by the
adrenal glands
147.
the clinical syndrome that results from low blood sugar
148.
Both are caused by a pituitary tumor that stimulates production of
excessive growth hormone, causing abnormal growth in particular parts of
the body
149.
Growth hormone deficiency in children results in slowed long bone
growth
150.
Autotrophic
151.
Heterotrophic
152.
The process of nourishing
153.
the nourishing substances
154.
the process of separating or dividing apart
155.
what are the alimentary canal?
156.
What are the accessory digestive organs?
157.
Basic process of digestion the first and is the process of carrying food
into (in-) the digestive tube
158.
the last and is the process of carrying (feces or stool) out (e-);
159.
the process of swallowing (something up), the movement of nutrients
from the interior of the digestive tube to the bloodstream
160.
the release of various products from the accessory digestive organs
that are added to the digestive tube
161.
Physical digestion begins, mechanical breaking of food
162.
Enzyme that converts carbo to mono
163.
After chewing the general result is a food ______
164.
- The first part of swallowing is ____ however in the ______of esphagus
swallowing is not under our control
165.
muscular, stretchable sac

166.
three functions of a stomach
167.
I acts by closing and opening of the stomach
168.
due to stomach contractions, the acidity converts swallowed boluses
into a thick mixture called
169.
Make up the stomachs strongly acidic
170.
Protein digesting enzymes
171.
Food movement
172.
Parts of a small intestine
173.
What is its diameter and length?
174.
Fingerlike projections
175.
Digestive enzymes
176.
a sausage-shaped, green-colored sac stores ______a yellowish fluid
released into the upper small intestine
177.
mutipurposee organ why?
178.
Another name for large intestine tends to open whenever mass
peristalsis has move some feces down into the upper portion of the rectum
179.
contraction is very much under our control.
180.
The ___-and _jointly control digestion
181.
controls are sensitive to two factors
182.
One indicator of weight-related health risk is the body
183.
means a dramatic risks if more than his numbers body mass index
184.
technically describes the amount of heat (calor) released during the
breaking of food is often called heartburn, but it has nothing to do with the
heart
185.
abdominal pain and alternating diarrhea and constipation
186.
first internal sign of colon cancer may be a round, depressed area of
abnormal cells
187.
watery feces, is a common effect of an intestinal infection
188.
open sores in the wall of the stomach or small intestine
189.
bacteria that causes this disorder
190.