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I-Y7243 Genetic Ancestral

Journey

Gbor Balogh, 2016

Content:
History of Haplogroup I-M170 a background: ..................................................................................... 3
The I-Y7243 Ancestral Journey................................................................................................................ 5
I.

A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-MRCA).......................................................................... 6

II.

Haplogroup A1- YP3864 .............................................................................................................. 7

III.

Haplogroup BT-V187 ............................................................................................................... 7

IV.

Haplogroup CT-M5608 ............................................................................................................ 8

V.

Haplogroup CF-P143: Out of Africa............................................................................................. 8

VI.

Haplogroup F-PF2589 ............................................................................................................. 9

VII.

Haplogroup GHIJK-YSC0001299 ............................................................................................ 10

VIII.

Haplogroup HIJK-PF3494 ...................................................................................................... 10

IX.

Haplogroup IJK (PF3495) ....................................................................................................... 10

X.

Haplogroup IJ-P130 (Cro-Magnon) ........................................................................................ 11

XI.

Haplogroup I-M170: Occupying the Balkans ........................................................................ 12

XII.

Haplogroup I2-Z2667/PF3820 ............................................................................................... 13

XIII.

Haplogroup I2a-L460............................................................................................................. 13

XIV.

Haplogroup I2a2-P214 .......................................................................................................... 14

XV.

Haplogroup I2a2a-M223 ....................................................................................................... 14

XVI.

Haplogroup I-Y4450 .............................................................................................................. 16

XVII.

Haplogroup I-CTS616 ............................................................................................................ 16

XVIII.

Haplogroup I-Y3721 .......................................................................................................... 16

XIX.

Haplogroup I-Y3670 .............................................................................................................. 17

XX.

Haplogroup I-L1229............................................................................................................... 17

XXI.

Haplogroup I-Y3681 .............................................................................................................. 19

XXII.

Haplogroup I-Z2058 .............................................................................................................. 20

XXIII.

Haplogroup I-Z2068 The Indo-European invasion ......................................................... 20

XXIV.

Haplogroup I-Y7244 .......................................................................................................... 22

XXV.

Haplogroup I-Y7243 .............................................................................................................. 22

XXVI.

The Cimbri and Sicambri ................................................................................................... 22

XXVII.

The Ingaevones ................................................................................................................. 23

XXVIII.

The Saxons ........................................................................................................................ 23

XXIX.

The German knights .......................................................................................................... 25

Sources: ................................................................................................................................................. 28

History of Haplogroup I-M170 a background:


Present-day distribution of I-M170.

Haplogroup I-M170 is the oldest haplogroup in Europe and probably the only one
originated in Europe. It has arrived from the Middle East as haplogroup IJ-P130, IJKV1295 or HIJK-PF3494 about 40,000-45,000 years ago. It developed into
haplogroup I-M170 approximately 43,000 years ago. Cro-Magnons probably
belonged to F, C1a, IJ, I haplogroups. Today, haplogroup I-M170 is about 20% to
45% of the total population of Europe.
Main subclades of I-M170:
1. I1-M253 is found in Northern Europe, mostly in Scandinavia with about 35%
of the population. It is strongly linked to the Norse ethnicity.
2. I2a1 (I-P37.2) is the largest subclade, originated during the Late Paleolithic,
but linked to Neolithic cultures in south-east and south-west Europe. Part of it,
subclade I2a1a1-M26 found in Sardinia (37.5%) and subclade I2a1b-L621 in
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Romania, Moldavia and South-West
Ukraine.

3. I2a2a (I-M223) is found mainly in north-west Europe around the North Sea,
peaks in northern Germany (10-20%), Netherland (10-15%), in northern
Sweden and in Denmark. It also found in Moldavia and parts of Ukraine in
Eastern Europe.

Timeline of I-Y7243:
Y-ID

Build37

Ancestral

Derived

ybp

Tree

ROOT (Y-Chromosome "Adam")

234,900 ROOT

A0T-YP2191

234,900 A0T

A1-YP3864

146,300 A1

A1b-V221

132,600 A1b

BT-V187/PF1403

126,300 BT

CT-M5608/PF258

83,800 CT

CF-M3711

68,100 CF

F-PF2589

65,400 F

GHIJK-V2308

47,900 GHIJK

HIJK-PF3494

47,700 HIJK

IJK-V1295

47,700 IJK

IJ-P130

46,400 IJ

I-PF3817

42,400 I

I2-Z2667/PF3820

27,300 I2

I2a-L460

21,600 I2a

I2a2-M436

21,300 I2a2

I2a2a-M223

21717307

17,700 I2a2a

Y4450

18709945

12,100

CTS616

6906332

11,300 I2a2a1

Y3721

7982615

10,700 I2a2a1a

Y3670

4770006

10,500 I2a2a1a2

L1229

14937828

9,200 I2a2a1a2a

Z2069

22519059

5,400 I2a2a1a2a1

Z2058

5317533

4,300 I2a2a1a2a1a

Z2068

9378829

4,000 I2a2a1a2a1a1

Y7244

8271590

3,800 I2a2a1a2a1a1b

Y7243

2911078

3,800

I2a2a1a2a1a1b2

The I-Y7243 Ancestral Journey

A 30,000 year old handprint from Chauvet Cave in France

I.

A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal Adam (Y-MRCA)

Time of Emergence: 235,000 ybp, 10,000 generations ago (Middle Pleistocene)


Place of Origin: Africa

Y-chromosomal Adam is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living
human. Recent studies (Elhaik, Eran. Nature. 2014) report that A0-T-YP2191, the Ychromosomal Adam lived about 235,000 years ago. A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal
Adam had at least two survived sons and they have unbroken lineages to the
present day, A0 and A1. (Urasin, Vadim. YFull. 2016)
Haplogroup A is found in Africa, is common among hunter-gatherer groups. Its
subclade, haplogroup BT-V187 is the greatest of the lineages of Africa and
represents all the non-African lineages.
A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal Adam is named after Adam, the first man in the Bible.
He was not the only human lived in that time, but certainly he was the only male to
produce an unbroken, direct male line.

Reconstruction of Y-chromosomal Adam


(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)

II.

Haplogroup A1- YP3864

Time of Emergence: 160,000 ybp, 6400 generations ago (Middle Pleistocene)


Place of Origin: Central-Northwest Africa

Haplogroup A1-YP3864 is found only in Africa, with a peak in Southern Africa in the
Bushmen hunter-gatherer populations, and in some Nilotic groups in Eastern Africa,
and some Pygmy groups in Central Africa. This suggests that this haplogroup arrived
in Southern Africa from between Central and Northwest Africa.

III.

Haplogroup BT-V187

Time of Emergence: 130,000 ybp, 5200 generations ago


Place of Origin: Western North Africa - Central West Africa
Haplogroup BT-V187 is descended from Haplogroup A1-YP3864 about 130,000
years before present, possibly in the western part of North Africa - central West
Africa, it contains all the remaining human haplogroups.

IV.

Haplogroup CT-M5608

Time of Emergence: 88,000 ybp, 3500 generations ago - beginning of the Last
Glacial Period
Place of Origin: The African Rift Valley
This haplogroup begun to move north, but its mutations predate the "Out of Africa"
migration.

V.

Haplogroup CF-P143: Out of Africa

Time of Emergence: 68,000 ybp, 2300 generations ago


Climate: Temporary retreat of Ice Age
Haplogroup CF-P143 as his parallel haplogroup DE, is descendant of haplogroup
CT-M5608. There are no living human belonging to this ancient haplogroup.
A small group of nomadic hunters, perhaps a few thousands, traveled northeast and
migrated out of Africa, across the Bab el-Mandeb, an outlet of the Red Sea to the
Indian Ocean. Their descendants became the only human lines to survive outside of
Africa.

VI.

Haplogroup F-PF2589

Time of Emergence: 66,000 ybp, 2650 generations ago


Place: Southwest Asia
Climate: Semiarid grass plains
Haplogroup F-PF2589 is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup spanning all
the continents. Subclades of this haplogroup represent more than 90% of the world's
living non-African population.

VII.

Haplogroup GHIJK-YSC0001299

Time of Emergence: 79,000 ybp, 3150 generations ago


Place: Southwest Asia

VIII. Haplogroup HIJK-PF3494


Time of Emergence: 48,500 ybp, 1950 generations ago
Place: Southwest Asia

IX.

Haplogroup IJK (PF3495)

Time of Emergence: 48,500 ybp, 1950 generations ago


Place: Southwest Asia

10

X.

Haplogroup IJ-P130 (Cro-Magnon)

Time of Emergence: 47,200 ybp, 1890 generations ago


Place: Middle East
There are no living human belonging to this ancient haplogroup, but its descendants
are haplogroup I and Haplogroup J. Derived populations of Cro-Magnon, or EMH
(Early Modern Humans) account for a significant fraction of the modern populations
of Europe and Western Eurasia.

Early Cro-Magnon migrations to Europe (45,000-40,000 ybp)

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XI.

Haplogroup I-M170: Occupying the Balkans

Time of Emergence: 43,000 ybp, 1700 generations ago


Place of Origin: Southeastern Europe

Haplogroup I-M170 belonged to the Gravettian culture of the Upper Paleolithic. This
Middle Eastern clan that migrated northwest into the Balkans and later spread into
Central Europe, but this early occupation of Europe was stoped then reversed, as
the last Ice Age gripped the continent. Continued for thousands of years, its peak is
called the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Humans were forced to retreat to a few
scattered enclaves in the south, to Iberia, to the Balkans and to Ukraine.

Facial reconstruction
(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)

12

XII.

Haplogroup I2-Z2667/PF3820

Time of Emergence: 27,500 YBP, 1100 generations ago


Place of Origin: The Balkans
Climate: Height of the Ice Age

Facial reconstruction
(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)

XIII. Haplogroup I2a-L460


Time of Emergence: 21,500 ybp, 860 generations ago
Place: Along the Danube

13

XIV. Haplogroup I2a2-P214


Time of Emergence: 21,000 ybp, 840 generations ago
Place: Present Day Germany
Climate: End of the Last Glacial Maximum
According to the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG), haplogoup
I2a2-P214 can be found in Northwest Europe, with a peak in the region of Lower
Saxony in Germany, proving yhe theory of a migration from the Starevo zone to the
north then the west along the Danube.

XV.

Haplogroup I2a2a-M223

Time of Emergence: 17,500 YBP, 700 generations ago


Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea
The Hamburgian Culture
The progenitor of this haplogroup lived somewhere in the northwestern regions of
Europe in the are of what is now the North Sea. At the time of the great post-LGM
European expansion, there was no North Sea, but a flat grassy plain stretching all
the way from England through southern Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Frisia and
Holland across the North Sea.
The Hamburgian culture was a Late Upper Paleolithic culture of reindeer hunters in
northwestern Europe during the last part of the Weichsel Glaciation.

14

An arrowhead from Bjerlev Hede in central Jutland

The Hamburgian culture spread from northern France to southern Scandinavia in the
north and to Poland in the east. The distribution of the archaeological finds in the
settlements show that they were small and inhabited by a small group of people.

Facial reconstruction of a woman


(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)
15

XVI. Haplogroup I-Y4450


Time of Emergence: 12,200 YBP, 490 generations ago
Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea

XVII. Haplogroup I-CTS616

Time of Emergence: 10,700 ybp, 430 generations ago


Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea

XVIII. Haplogroup I-Y3721


Time of Emergence: 10,700 ybp, 430 generations ago
Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea
The Ahrensburg Culture
The Ahrensburg culture (13,000 to 12,000 ybp) was a late Upper Paleolithic nomadic
hunter culture in north-central Europe during the Younger Dryas, at the end of the
Weichsel glaciation, resulting in deforestation and the formation of tundra. The
Ahrensburg culture was preceded by the Hamburgian culture and superseded by
mesolithic cultures (Maglemosian).

The Ahrensburg culture, exhibition in Nordvegen History Centre, and an arrowhead

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XIX. Haplogroup I-Y3670


Time of Emergence: 10,500 ybp, 420 generations ago
Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea

XX.

Haplogroup I-L1229

Time of Emergence: 9,200 ybp, 370 generations ago, the Mesolithic


Place: Doggerland and around the North Sea
The final flooding of Doggerland by the Storegga Slide tsunami
Around 9,200 ybp, large parts of the North Sea continental shelf (Doggerland) were
flooded by the Storegga Slide tsunami, one of the largest tsunamis in the Holocene.
The tsunami was generated at the edge of Norway's continental shelf, at Storegga,
in the Norwegian Sea, 100 km northwest of the Norwegian coast.
This large tsunami involved a 290 km long coastal shelf, with a total volume of 3,500
km3 of debris. This event had a catastrophic impact on the Mesolithic population of
the area, and separated populations and cultures in Britain from the European
continent.

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Map of early Neolithic cultures from c. 7,000 to 8,000 ybp

Forming the modern European gene pool: new arrivals

18

Map of Neolithic cultures from c. 5,500 to 6,000 ybp

XXI. Haplogroup I-Y3681


Time of Emergence: 5,400 ybp, 215 generations ago, the Mesolithic
Place: around the North Sea

Facial reconstruction of a 5,500 Reconstruction of the village


year old man from Stonehenge
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Expansion of agriculture from the Middle East to Europe (11500-5800 bp)

XXII. Haplogroup I-Z2058


Time of Emergence: 4,300 ybp, 170 generations ago, the Neolithic
Place: around the North Sea

XXIII. Haplogroup I-Z2068 The Indo-European invasion


Time of Emergence: 4,000 ybp, 160 generations ago, the Neolithic
Place: North-Central Europe
The Funnelbeaker culture, the last days of Old Europe

20

The Funnelbeaker culture, at its greatest extent


The Funnelbeaker culture (TRB or TBK) born in north-central Europe. It developed
as a merger of local neolithic and Mesolithic cultures of the area, introducing
agriculture to the hunter-gatherers in the north.

Double-edged battle axe from


Skne

Dolmen in Lancken-Granitz, TRB burial


site in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Birth of the Germanic peoples:


the expansion of the Corded
Ware culture
Originating about 4000 ybp, born
from the interaction between the
Bell Beaker culture, and the
Corded Ware culture, Germanic
peoples later extended into
larger areas.

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XXIV. Haplogroup I-Y7244


Time of Emergence: 3,800 ybp, 150 generations ago, the Neolithic
Place: around the North Sea

XXV. Haplogroup I-Y7243


Time of Emergence: 2,800 ybp, 110 generations ago, the Neolithic
Place: around the North Sea

XXVI. The Cimbri and Sicambri


Time: 2,300 ybp, 90 generations ago
Place: Jtland.

The Cimbri were a german tribe in Northern Europe, who lived originally in Jtland.
Many of the Cimbri, with other tribes (Teutons and Ambrones) migrated south-east,
west, and back to north.
The Cimbri changed their name to Sicambri, joining a Germanic tribe living around
the lower Rhine near the present-day Netherlands. The Sicambri, like the Cimbri,
had intense contacts with Celtic peoples. The Merovingian kings of the Franks also
traced their lineage through the pre-Frankish Sicambri (Royal Frankish Annals).

The migrations of the Cimbri

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XXVII.

The Ingaevones

Time: 2000 ybp, 80 generations ago


Place: North Sea coast in the areas of Jtland, Albingia, Frisia and the Danish
islands.
The Ingaevones or Ingvaeones were a Germanic population living along the North
Sea coast in the areas of Jtland, Holstein, Frisia and the Danish islands, where they
had later become further differentiated groups as the Frisians, Saxons, Jutes and
Angles.

Ing, the legendary progenitor of the Ingaevones derives his name from the protoGermanic Ingwaz ( ), signifying "man" and "son of. This is also the name of the
Norse god Freyr or Yngvi-Freyr.

XXVIII. The Saxons


Time: The 5th century, 60 generations ago
Place: North Sea coast in Jtland, Albingia, Frisia, Britain.

The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic tribes in the North German plain,
some of whom invaded the British Isles around the time of the collapse of the Roman
Empire in the 5th century, but Saxon raiders had been attacking the eastern and
southern shores of Britannia for centuries. The total number of Anglo-Saxon settlers
was around two hundred thousand.

23

The Saxons were originally Ingvaeonic tribes; the earliest known area of their
settlement is in Northern Albingia, Holstein. In the center of the Saxon pagan religion
was the worship of the Irminsul, "great pillar"; a divine tree that connected Heaven
and Earth. The Old Norse name of Irmin is Jrmunr, which is one of the names of
inn (Wotan in German). Yggdrasil ("Yggr's horse") was ash tree which connected
the nine worlds.

Saxon Helmet found at Sutton Hoo

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XXIX. The German knights


Time: 1000 ybp, 30 generations ago
Place: From Germany to the Kingdom of Hungary
(Ostsiedlung)

"Post illos Altmann intrat de Fridburc miles coridatus ex patria Turingorum, de isto illi
de Bolugi oriuntur.
(Simonis de Keza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, 1282-1285)

From 895 AD to 902 AD large area of the Carpathian Basin was conquered by the
Magyars, a confederation of nomadic tribes. After that, a Christian kingdom, the
Kingdom of Hungary formed in this territory. The first king, Stephen I of Hungary,
aimed to integrate Hungary into Christian Western Europe, creating a modern state
according to the Western political social and economic model.

25

Stephen I of Hungary relied first and foremost on the clergymen and German knights
to realize his plans. He replaced the pagan tribal leaders Christian German knights,
who supported him. These knights formed the center of the heavily armed forces.
Many Magyars were dissatisfied with the changes, and soon they rose in revolt
under the leadership of Koppny, the lord of the southern region of Transdanubia.
The historic battle took place in Sly, near Veszprm in 998, and though King
Stephen's forces were inferior in size to those of the rebels, with the help of the
German knights he won a famous victory. The leaders of Istvn's guardsmen were
Hont and Pzmny, Swabian knights, Altmann from Thringia; Herman, Wolfer and
Konrad from Nrnberg; and the Bavarian Gottfried and Poth. The Swabian guest
(hospes), Vecellin took the lead of the army, and he killed Koppny during the battle.
Altmann and his family were settled in Vmosbalog (Grosteffelsdorf) in the Balog
Valley, changing his family name to Balog (Bolug, Balogh). The Balog Castle
(Balogvr) was built much later, around 1290, by Henrik, son of Oth.
The king Karol Robert gave the Castle to another branch of the family, to the Szchy
branch in 1323, because of their support against Mt Csk, the Kings' rival. In the
same year it was renovated, and later, in 1483 was extended and fortifications were
added. Until the 17th century the Castle remained in the possession of the Szchy
branch of the family.

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The Genetic Journey of I-Y7243

27

Sources:
Callaway, E., 2013. Nature. [Online]
Available at: http://www.nature.com/news/genetic-adam-and-eve-did-not-live-too-far-apart-intime-1.13478
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
de Kalt, M., 1373. Chronicon Pictum. s.l.:s.n.
De Keza, S., 1285. Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum. s.l.:s.n.
Elhaik, E., 2014. Nature. [Online]
Available at: http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v22/n9/full/ejhg2013303a.html
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
FTDNA, 2016. Y-DNA Results. [Online]
Available at: https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/m223-y-clan/dna-results
[Accessed 16 05 2016].
Hay, M., 2015. Academia.edu. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/10120872/Genetic_history_of_the_British_and_the_Irish_people
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
Hay, M., 2015. Academia.edu. [Online]
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[Accessed 14 05 2016].
Hay, M., 2015. Academia.edu. [Online]
Available at: https://www.academia.edu/6032140/Origins_and_history_of_Haplogroup_I2_Y-DNA_
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
ISOGG, 2016. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. [Online]
Available at: http://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpI.html
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
Urasin, V., 2015. YFull Report for YF02250. [Online]
Available at: http://www.yfull.com/share/yreport/7253d1bf2d2017bd21735c5fc08a460e/
[Accessed 16 05 2016].
Urasin, V., 2016. YFull. [Online]
Available at: https://yfull.com/tree/A0-T/
[Accessed 14 05 2016].

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