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Content:
History of Haplogroup I-M170 a background: ..................................................................................... 3
The I-Y7243 Ancestral Journey................................................................................................................ 5
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
Haplogroup I2a-L460............................................................................................................. 13
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
Haplogroup I-L1229............................................................................................................... 17
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
Sources: ................................................................................................................................................. 28
Haplogroup I-M170 is the oldest haplogroup in Europe and probably the only one
originated in Europe. It has arrived from the Middle East as haplogroup IJ-P130, IJKV1295 or HIJK-PF3494 about 40,000-45,000 years ago. It developed into
haplogroup I-M170 approximately 43,000 years ago. Cro-Magnons probably
belonged to F, C1a, IJ, I haplogroups. Today, haplogroup I-M170 is about 20% to
45% of the total population of Europe.
Main subclades of I-M170:
1. I1-M253 is found in Northern Europe, mostly in Scandinavia with about 35%
of the population. It is strongly linked to the Norse ethnicity.
2. I2a1 (I-P37.2) is the largest subclade, originated during the Late Paleolithic,
but linked to Neolithic cultures in south-east and south-west Europe. Part of it,
subclade I2a1a1-M26 found in Sardinia (37.5%) and subclade I2a1b-L621 in
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Romania, Moldavia and South-West
Ukraine.
3. I2a2a (I-M223) is found mainly in north-west Europe around the North Sea,
peaks in northern Germany (10-20%), Netherland (10-15%), in northern
Sweden and in Denmark. It also found in Moldavia and parts of Ukraine in
Eastern Europe.
Timeline of I-Y7243:
Y-ID
Build37
Ancestral
Derived
ybp
Tree
234,900 ROOT
A0T-YP2191
234,900 A0T
A1-YP3864
146,300 A1
A1b-V221
132,600 A1b
BT-V187/PF1403
126,300 BT
CT-M5608/PF258
83,800 CT
CF-M3711
68,100 CF
F-PF2589
65,400 F
GHIJK-V2308
47,900 GHIJK
HIJK-PF3494
47,700 HIJK
IJK-V1295
47,700 IJK
IJ-P130
46,400 IJ
I-PF3817
42,400 I
I2-Z2667/PF3820
27,300 I2
I2a-L460
21,600 I2a
I2a2-M436
21,300 I2a2
I2a2a-M223
21717307
17,700 I2a2a
Y4450
18709945
12,100
CTS616
6906332
11,300 I2a2a1
Y3721
7982615
10,700 I2a2a1a
Y3670
4770006
10,500 I2a2a1a2
L1229
14937828
9,200 I2a2a1a2a
Z2069
22519059
5,400 I2a2a1a2a1
Z2058
5317533
4,300 I2a2a1a2a1a
Z2068
9378829
4,000 I2a2a1a2a1a1
Y7244
8271590
3,800 I2a2a1a2a1a1b
Y7243
2911078
3,800
I2a2a1a2a1a1b2
I.
Y-chromosomal Adam is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living
human. Recent studies (Elhaik, Eran. Nature. 2014) report that A0-T-YP2191, the Ychromosomal Adam lived about 235,000 years ago. A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal
Adam had at least two survived sons and they have unbroken lineages to the
present day, A0 and A1. (Urasin, Vadim. YFull. 2016)
Haplogroup A is found in Africa, is common among hunter-gatherer groups. Its
subclade, haplogroup BT-V187 is the greatest of the lineages of Africa and
represents all the non-African lineages.
A0-T-YP2191, Y-chromosomal Adam is named after Adam, the first man in the Bible.
He was not the only human lived in that time, but certainly he was the only male to
produce an unbroken, direct male line.
II.
Haplogroup A1-YP3864 is found only in Africa, with a peak in Southern Africa in the
Bushmen hunter-gatherer populations, and in some Nilotic groups in Eastern Africa,
and some Pygmy groups in Central Africa. This suggests that this haplogroup arrived
in Southern Africa from between Central and Northwest Africa.
III.
Haplogroup BT-V187
IV.
Haplogroup CT-M5608
Time of Emergence: 88,000 ybp, 3500 generations ago - beginning of the Last
Glacial Period
Place of Origin: The African Rift Valley
This haplogroup begun to move north, but its mutations predate the "Out of Africa"
migration.
V.
VI.
Haplogroup F-PF2589
VII.
Haplogroup GHIJK-YSC0001299
IX.
10
X.
11
XI.
Haplogroup I-M170 belonged to the Gravettian culture of the Upper Paleolithic. This
Middle Eastern clan that migrated northwest into the Balkans and later spread into
Central Europe, but this early occupation of Europe was stoped then reversed, as
the last Ice Age gripped the continent. Continued for thousands of years, its peak is
called the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Humans were forced to retreat to a few
scattered enclaves in the south, to Iberia, to the Balkans and to Ukraine.
Facial reconstruction
(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)
12
XII.
Haplogroup I2-Z2667/PF3820
Facial reconstruction
(Moesgaard Museum, Denmark)
13
XV.
Haplogroup I2a2a-M223
14
The Hamburgian culture spread from northern France to southern Scandinavia in the
north and to Poland in the east. The distribution of the archaeological finds in the
settlements show that they were small and inhabited by a small group of people.
16
XX.
Haplogroup I-L1229
17
18
20
21
The Cimbri were a german tribe in Northern Europe, who lived originally in Jtland.
Many of the Cimbri, with other tribes (Teutons and Ambrones) migrated south-east,
west, and back to north.
The Cimbri changed their name to Sicambri, joining a Germanic tribe living around
the lower Rhine near the present-day Netherlands. The Sicambri, like the Cimbri,
had intense contacts with Celtic peoples. The Merovingian kings of the Franks also
traced their lineage through the pre-Frankish Sicambri (Royal Frankish Annals).
22
XXVII.
The Ingaevones
Ing, the legendary progenitor of the Ingaevones derives his name from the protoGermanic Ingwaz ( ), signifying "man" and "son of. This is also the name of the
Norse god Freyr or Yngvi-Freyr.
The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic tribes in the North German plain,
some of whom invaded the British Isles around the time of the collapse of the Roman
Empire in the 5th century, but Saxon raiders had been attacking the eastern and
southern shores of Britannia for centuries. The total number of Anglo-Saxon settlers
was around two hundred thousand.
23
The Saxons were originally Ingvaeonic tribes; the earliest known area of their
settlement is in Northern Albingia, Holstein. In the center of the Saxon pagan religion
was the worship of the Irminsul, "great pillar"; a divine tree that connected Heaven
and Earth. The Old Norse name of Irmin is Jrmunr, which is one of the names of
inn (Wotan in German). Yggdrasil ("Yggr's horse") was ash tree which connected
the nine worlds.
24
"Post illos Altmann intrat de Fridburc miles coridatus ex patria Turingorum, de isto illi
de Bolugi oriuntur.
(Simonis de Keza: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, 1282-1285)
From 895 AD to 902 AD large area of the Carpathian Basin was conquered by the
Magyars, a confederation of nomadic tribes. After that, a Christian kingdom, the
Kingdom of Hungary formed in this territory. The first king, Stephen I of Hungary,
aimed to integrate Hungary into Christian Western Europe, creating a modern state
according to the Western political social and economic model.
25
Stephen I of Hungary relied first and foremost on the clergymen and German knights
to realize his plans. He replaced the pagan tribal leaders Christian German knights,
who supported him. These knights formed the center of the heavily armed forces.
Many Magyars were dissatisfied with the changes, and soon they rose in revolt
under the leadership of Koppny, the lord of the southern region of Transdanubia.
The historic battle took place in Sly, near Veszprm in 998, and though King
Stephen's forces were inferior in size to those of the rebels, with the help of the
German knights he won a famous victory. The leaders of Istvn's guardsmen were
Hont and Pzmny, Swabian knights, Altmann from Thringia; Herman, Wolfer and
Konrad from Nrnberg; and the Bavarian Gottfried and Poth. The Swabian guest
(hospes), Vecellin took the lead of the army, and he killed Koppny during the battle.
Altmann and his family were settled in Vmosbalog (Grosteffelsdorf) in the Balog
Valley, changing his family name to Balog (Bolug, Balogh). The Balog Castle
(Balogvr) was built much later, around 1290, by Henrik, son of Oth.
The king Karol Robert gave the Castle to another branch of the family, to the Szchy
branch in 1323, because of their support against Mt Csk, the Kings' rival. In the
same year it was renovated, and later, in 1483 was extended and fortifications were
added. Until the 17th century the Castle remained in the possession of the Szchy
branch of the family.
26
27
Sources:
Callaway, E., 2013. Nature. [Online]
Available at: http://www.nature.com/news/genetic-adam-and-eve-did-not-live-too-far-apart-intime-1.13478
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
de Kalt, M., 1373. Chronicon Pictum. s.l.:s.n.
De Keza, S., 1285. Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum. s.l.:s.n.
Elhaik, E., 2014. Nature. [Online]
Available at: http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v22/n9/full/ejhg2013303a.html
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
FTDNA, 2016. Y-DNA Results. [Online]
Available at: https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/m223-y-clan/dna-results
[Accessed 16 05 2016].
Hay, M., 2015. Academia.edu. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.academia.edu/10120872/Genetic_history_of_the_British_and_the_Irish_people
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
Hay, M., 2015. Academia.edu. [Online]
Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8517660/Origins_and_history_of_Haplogroup_I1_Y-DNA_
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
Hay, M., 2015. Academia.edu. [Online]
Available at: https://www.academia.edu/6032140/Origins_and_history_of_Haplogroup_I2_Y-DNA_
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
ISOGG, 2016. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. [Online]
Available at: http://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpI.html
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
Urasin, V., 2015. YFull Report for YF02250. [Online]
Available at: http://www.yfull.com/share/yreport/7253d1bf2d2017bd21735c5fc08a460e/
[Accessed 16 05 2016].
Urasin, V., 2016. YFull. [Online]
Available at: https://yfull.com/tree/A0-T/
[Accessed 14 05 2016].
28