Huaian Keda Electric Co.

, LTD

TEL0517-83717288

Cable Fault Tester

KRD-5B

Operating Instruction

Jiangsu, China
Huaian Keda Electric Co. , LTD
Address: NO.9 Haikou road, Development zone, Huaian city, Jiangsu
Postcode: 223,005
TEL.:0517-83717288 83717668 Fax.:0517-83717668
http://www.hakddq.cn E-mail:hakedadq@163.com

Huaian Keda Electric Co. , LTD

TEL0517-83717288

Contents
Chapter1 KRD-5B cable fault tester2
Section Main technical indexes2
Section Instrument panel and operation functions3
Section Cable fault test steps and method selection7
Chapter2 Low-voltage pulse testing method8
Section Low-voltage pulse test principle8
Section Low-voltage pulse test method measure length8
Section Low-voltage pulse test method test fault9
Section Low-voltage pulse test method measure speed10
Chapter3 Impulse high voltage flashover test method10
Section Basic principle 10
Section Current sampling pulse flashover method10
Chapter4 High voltage flashover test method attention12

Chapter1 KRD-5B cable fault tester

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KRD-5B cable fault tester is the smaller, full-function, easy to operate and intelligent latest design
instrument. It is the major equipment of cable fault tester series. They meet general technical
specification of test instruments used for power equipments from Electric Power Industry Standard of
the Peoples Republic of China DL/T849.1~ DL/T849.3-2004.
Instrument series characteristics:
Large LCD display, high anti-jamming.
DC power supply by itself, it is convenient for field testing, outside testing and mine cable
testing.
There is a micro-printer in host back, thus it can provide facilitate field service about the accurate
waveform analysis and guidance for the user.
The latest developed current sampler adopts a new sampling method, simple connect, intuitive
and easy waveform analysis, and complete separation from high voltage, absolute safety for host
and operator.

Section

Main technical indexes

Using scope: Instrument is suitable for measuring high or low impedance, short circuit, open
circuit, breaking, high impedance leakage and flashover faults about varieties different crosssections, media power cable, high-frequency coaxial cable, telephone cable, and two or more
evenly underground cables etc.

Test distance: less than 16Km.

Shortest test distance (blind area) :15-20m

Measurement error: system error 1 ; landmark identification error 0.2m

Operation method: low voltage pulse, DC high voltage flashover and high-voltage pulse flashover
testing.

Sampling rate: 25MHz

Width and amplitude of the pulse instrument sends: 0.2s, 100 ~ 120V; 2s, 150 ~ 160V.

Storage capacity: 8Kbyte can be divided into two storage areas, storage and display the two
waveform samples to compare.

Display resolution: V/50 m, V is the velocity m / us.

Print: Mini-printer in the host can record test date and test waveform data.

Display: 320 240 LCD, graphic and character.

Power and consumption: AC 220V 10%, less 10W; DC 6V (7AH), less 6W.
Size: 250mm270mm140mm.

Section

Instrument panel and operation functions

Front view diagram

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KRD-5B Cable Fault Tester front view diagram

Instrument indicator: Ii is light when it is charging.
Instrument indicator: warning indicator when battery voltage is low (less than 5V).
Input amplitude: Regulate the input and output pulse amplitude. Regulate it according with
waveform. Regulate amplitude smaller, pulse reflection is very small, even no sampling, as shown
in Figure 1. Regulate amplitude too large, the reflected pulse is connected each other and no
intersection with the baseline, even baseline will become slash, as shown in Figure 2. Generally
before sampling, the input amplitude knob rotates 1/3, and then re-adjust according with the
sampled waveform, re-sampling.

Contrast adjustment knob: Adjust this knob to make writing clear display, no stripe and clean
background.
Pulse width selection button: Lift button, the instrument outputs 0.2S pulse; press it, the
instrument output 2S pulse. When instrument tests less than 500m cable by low-voltage pulse, it
adopts 0.2S; more than 500m cable is 2S. When instrument directly tests cable, it should adopt
0.2S pulse. If non-reflective or small reflective, then adopts 2S.

Power switch: the ch with indicator light is used by instrument.

LCD screen: 320 240 instrument dot matrix backlight LCD, used for menu operation, test
waveform, result, date and so on.
Operation function button board.
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Input and output ports.

Power input.
Button board function
09 digital button board: Power-on reset, the number buttons can input year, month, day; in the
test mode, when the upper left corner of the screen displays "input speed 000", it can input a
known speed value by buttons; in the measuring speed by pulse mode, it can input the known
cable length by digital buttons. In short, when the screen prompts to input data, 0-9 buttons are
the number buttons, otherwise the other function buttons.

Single or double waveform display selection button: Press it to change from double to single
waveform display (when double waveform displays, the upper screen shows 2 waveform, the
lower half shows 1 waveform), and it can freely converse. Power-on reset, the default waveform
display mode is the double, storage area 1 (1 waveform) runs pulse operating form, press this
button and change to a single waveform display full-screen mode.

The instrument has two storage areas. Power-on reset, the default storage area 1 stores pulse data.
When it will select the storage area 2 (wave 2) to operate, the previously sampled waveform will
appear in the second waveform display area (upper screen), this is a normal phenomenon, press
sampling button again, the previously stored sampling waveform will be replaced.
1/2 up and down waveform selection button: The instrument has two storage areas. It can freely
choose one storage area as main by this button to operate (including sampling, expansion,
printing, etc). Power-on reset, it can automatically operate to the default storage area 1 (1 wave)
(in double display mode, it can display waveform in the storage area 1 on lower half screen, there
is a 1 at the front of waveform. In single display mode, it can display present operating storage
area symbol 1 or 2. Press this button, it can operate waveform 2(storage area2), press again,
operate storage area 1, and so on.
Starting point button: In the test state, when there is waveform on the screen, move the cursor to
the calibration point of test waveform, press starting point button to confirm the waveform
calculation starting point. Then move the cursor to the end of the waveform, display test data.
When the cursor moves back and forth, the display data changes also.
cursor movement buttons : Press two buttons, the vertical cursor moves the below waveform
up or down, it is used for waveform overlap and separation. Fast /slow button controls cursor
speed, fast button is one overlap or separation.
cursor movement buttons: Press the button, move the cursor left or right.
Fast /slow button Click the button, if there is 1 below the waveform, buttons is fast
button, press once cursor to move 8 lattice units; if there is 2 below the waveform,,
buttons is slow button, press once cursor to move one lattice units.
Sampling button: In test state, press sampling button, the instrument is in a wait state. When the
low-voltage or high voltage flashover pulse signal arrives to trigger control circuit, the instrument
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will work, record, process and show pulse reflection signal. Press the sample button again, the
previously stored sampling waveform will be replaced.
Test Failure, regulate the input amplitude, and then press the sampling button. Repeat several
times until the standard waveform is shown.
Extended buttonIn no input data state, this button is the extended display waveform function
button. Press the button to horizontally extend the display waveform 13 times. Double press each
time, when the screen displays 01 on upper right corner, the waveform has been extended 13
times. Press it again and restore the waveform compression.
Speed button : Enter button is the same as speed button. When input a speed value or cable
length by the numeric buttons, you must press (Enter) button to confirm the data, otherwise
the instrument will be in a wait state (not sampled). In the test state, test failure, test length, this
button is used to choose the four transfer speed value of deposited instrument. Press this button
continuously, it prompts to input speed 000 value on the upper left of the screen, input the
transmission speed value of the tested cable by the number buttons, press Enter button to confirm.
Flashover tester set four cable velocity:
oil impregnated paper cable: V160m/S
cross-linked polyethylene cableV172m/S
pvc cable
non draining cable

V184m/S
V144m/S

If it is necessary to redefine the starting point of the cursor, you can be used to expand or
compress waveform, and then move the cursor to the waveform starting point, press it to confirm.
Move the cursor, the screen displays the test data again.
Print button: If it is error data to input time, speed, length by digital buttons, you can press this
button to modify the wrong data, press the button once to modify one from right to left, the
modified display data is 0, input the correct data. Printing: In the test state, press the button
printer will work. After the normal tested waveform should display and cursor starting point
should determine, and then press the print button, the printer will print the main operating
waveforms and test data.
Reset button: System main reset button, the instrument is in any status, press this button to return
the main menu.
Charge /work: Lift this button, the instrument is charging. At this time the power switch must be
turned on, charging indicator lights. Charging time depends on the remaining battery power, and
charging time is uncertain. Battery is fully charged, the instrument automatically protects, the
charging indicator turns off, and charging is completed.
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Through the above description of the components and button functions, basically you can operate
tester.
Instrument back panel

The middle of right half back panel is USB port for the
computer center, left is the printer. The computer installs a
cable fault test system software by our company, it can
connect instrument to simultaneously operate, storage, learn
to analyze waveforms. The instrument special matching
printer can print test results.

The instrument back under right panel (or instrument left middle panel) is the input/output air
outlet, and the outlet connects the test cable. The instrument left upper half panel is the 220V
power input socket. Once plug in the AC power supply and the instrument is charging, charging
time is based on remaining battery power, charging time is uncertain. It need charge every two
months if instrument doesnt use for a long time, charging time is in 12-16 hours, the battery is
fully charged, the instrument automatically protected. The instrument can work 4-5 hours with
fully battery. Instruments dont recommend working with 220V AC power supply.

Operation menu description

Power, after power-on reset the screen displays first copyright symbol shown in figure. When you
input date the instrument will automatically come into the second screen, or directly press "Reset"
button into the operate and study menu.
Operating mode select menu

"Pulse" mode menu, it select 1 from main menu into the pulse menu. You can select buttons 1
to 4 into a different operating menu according to the test requirement
Test display main interface
The main interface is divided into three areas, shown as figure 5, the top is the calculation parameters
and results area.

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The middle is the waveform display area (connect diagram before sampling), according to
requirement one or two waveforms can be displayed. Also shows the vertical cursor and time scale.
The below is state and date display area. State display is made up of pulse, DC flashover, pulse
flashover 1, pulse flashover 2. In the "Pulse" mode, if it will test length and test failure the instrument
is prompted to select the speed; if it will test speed the instrument is prompted to input length value. In
the flashover test state it is prompted to only choice speed.

Section Cable fault test steps and method selection

Before testing cable fault, in addition to master the instrument performance and operation, you must
first determine the nature of cable fault, in order to adopt appropriate work program and testing
method.
First, it must measure the insulation resistance from every phase to ground and from phases at one end
of the cable by mugger and multimeter, according with the resistance it can low resistance, short
circuit, break, or high resistance flashover and leakage failure.
When the resistance is less than 100 ohm it is low impedance fault, 0 ~ tens ohm is the shortcircuit fault. Significantly high or infinite resistance is break fault. Connect the cable terminal
three-phase short circuit; measure the cable is turned on at the beginning by multimeter, if it is not
turned on there is break point.
When the resistance is high (hundreds of megabytes and Gigabit) and there is the moment
discharge phenomenon in the high-pressure test, such failures are generally known as flashover
failure, the DC high voltage flashover test can be determined.
High impedance fault: The resistance higher than one of low resistance fault, the cable can not be
exceeded its normal power supply, or leakage is more than the standard, such is high impedance
fault leakage failure. DC high voltage pulse flashover test can be used to determine.
After above measurement it can determine the fault point, if necessary, you must first find the
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cable path, measure the cable length or distance.

Chapter2 Low-voltage pulse testing method

Low-voltage pulse test method is simple, easy to identify the waveform, high accuracy and so on. For
the short, low resistance, disconnection fault test this method can directly determine the fault distance.
Even no such failure, before high voltage flashover test, but also it must measure the cable length or
speed by this method. Compare the flashover test waveform, it will help to analysis waveform and
quickly determine the fault position.
Section Low-voltage pulse test principle
Measuring cable fault, the cable can be considered as a uniform distribution transmission line.
According to the transmission line theory, input pulse voltage at one end of cable, then this pulse will
translate at a certain speed (determined by the cable dielectric constant and permeability) along the
cable, when the pulse meets the failure point (or non-uniform impedance point) to reflect. Record
transmission time T between transmit pulse and reflected pulse by the flashover tester. According to
the known transmission speed it can calculate the distance from the failure point Lx, Lx = V T/2,
as shown in Figure 6.

Measuring length it can use the terminal reflecting pulse: LVT/2

Also known length it can be measured transmission speed: V2L / T
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Section Low-voltage pulse test method measure length

Measuring length steps: start (power-on reset) - Reset (main menu) - Button 1 (operation select menu)
- Button 1 (pulse menu) - Button 1 (measuring length), then connect line with diagram on screen,
shown as Figure 7.
In the pulse method test, after connection with diagram, according to the measured cable type, it
should select the appropriate transmission speed and pulse width, and adjust the input amplitude
potentiometer to 1 / 3 position, then press the sample button.
According to the size of the displayed
waveform, adjust the input amplitude
potentiometer,

re-sampling

until

appear the standard waveform shown

as figure 8. When the 0.2s pulse with
maximum

input

amplitude

is

no

reflection wave, it should select 2s

pulse to test. It can compare a fault
phase sample and a fault phase sample
shown as figure 6. Press

button it can select single waveform or double waveform operation.

Use 1/2 button it can change operation area to select the present waveform 1 or 2. After sampling,
move the cursor to determine the starting point, and then move t to the waveform reflection point, the
cable length value is shown on the screen. For short cable measuring length, the best method is to
make the end terminal short-circuit, change end terminal reflection to the negative pulse. It makes the
intersection of the transmitting pulse rising edge and the baseline as the cursor starting point for open
terminal cable, the intersection of the reflection positive pulse rising edge and the baseline as the
cursor end point.
Note: Low-voltage pulse test, be sure to fully discharge the cable, and then it can connect test folder
with the cable.
Section Low-voltage pulse test method test fault
Pulse method test fault is as same as the method test length, operate in much the same. When the pulse
menu appears, it can select button 1 (measured length) or button 3 (test failure). Connect diagram
shown as figure VII, the testing line and tested cable connect with two phases or armored. Other
operation methods are the same as length.

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It makes the intersection of the transmitting pulse rising edge and the baseline as the cursor starting
point for open terminal cable, the intersection of the reflection positive pulse rising edge and the
baseline as the cursor end point. If it is break fault, the method of testing waveform or setting cursor is
the same as measuring length, shown as figure 8.
Section Low-voltage pulse test method measure speed
Measuring unknown medium cable transmission speed, the cable length must be known. Operation is
as follows: start (power-on reset) - Reset (main menu) - Button 1 (operation select menu) - Button 1
(pulse menu) - Button 2 (test speed). Then connection as shown figure VII, input the cable length
value and press Enter. Waveform is sampling and setting the cursor as same as measuring length,
respectively set the cursor starting, the end point, the upper left corner of the screen will display the
speed value of the cable.

Chapter3 Impulse high voltage flashover test method

Section Basic principle
It is the same as DC high voltage flashover method, but it inputs impulse voltage from sphere gap, so
clicks fault point to discharge, makes reflected voltage (or current), thus is recorded by the instrument,
the failure point is determined with waveform analysis. It is the main method to test high impedance
and flashover fault. The sampling methods can divide into voltage sampling and current sampling, of
course it can divide into high and low port voltage sampling, inductance and resistance sampling, the
terminal and beginning sampling and so on. Low port current sampling connection is simple, safe,
reliable, easy to identify the waveform, it is recommended to use.
If the DC high voltage flashover test is adopted, it can as long as short gap, operation is the same as
pulse flashover test.
Section Current sampling pulse flashover method
Operation: start (power-on reset) - Reset (main menu) - Button 1 (operation select menu) - Button 3
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(pulse flashover 1). According to operation select menu prompting, pulse flashover test method is
made up of pulse flashover 1 and pulse flashover 2. Pulse flashover 1 is positive pulse trigger (such as
current sampling), Pulse flashover 2 trigger is negative pulse. Recommend to select current sampling
method, so press 3 button into pulse flashover 1 mode.
Come into pulse flashover method, connect high voltage equipment, cables and instrument by
prompting on the screen, shown as figure 10.

Figure: T1 is 0 ~ 250 V, 2 ~ 3KVA voltage regulator.

T2 is high-voltage transformer, power is 2 ~ 3KVA.
D is the high-voltage silicon rectifier stack, more than 50KW/0.2 A (AC-DC high-voltage test
transformer has been internal)
r is the current limiting resistor (it cant require)
C is the high-voltage capacitor, its capacity is 2F, withstand voltage is more than 30KV
(10KV cable) , 8F/15KV is used for low voltage cable.
V is DC Voltage Meter.
J is current sampler (matching accessory)
In addition to the above equipment, current sampler J, the other is peripheral device, it can use
universal high voltage test equipment, can also be integrated high voltage power supply, thus is easy
for field wiring and testing.
After completely connect with diagram and check, and then select the transmission speed or input
speed value. Change the knob to about 1/3; press the sampling button, the instrument will come into
wait sample state.
Adjust the sphere gap and input amplitude button, raise the voltage of fault cable. Voltage will rise to a
certain value, the sphere gap discharge. (About 3KV sphere gap discharge voltage per mm),
instrument records the waveform. According to the size of the input waveform re-adjust amplitude to
sample. Test waveform shown as figure 11.
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Waveform characteristics: emission pulse is positive pulse, and reflection pulse is positive pulse, but
its edge has a negative impulse. Because of fault nature and other reasons, the negative impulse is
difference size, but it is far less than the positive pulse amplitude.
It makes the intersection of the t positive pulse rising edge and the baseline as the cursor starting
point, the intersection of the negative pulse falling edge and the baseline as the cursor end point. If no
negative pulse appears, the cursor will be set the intersection of the reflected pulse rising edge and the
baseline, displayed fault distance will increase about 10%. So it should compress measured distance to
determine the reference point.

Chapter4 High voltage flashover test method attention

High-voltage flashover test, due to high operating voltage, the slightest mistake will lead to loss of
personal safety and equipment, so the operation should be careful of the following.
High voltage test equipment is operated by professionals, instrument connection and ball-gap
adjustment should be completely discharged.
High voltage test equipment power supply and flashover tester is using separately, and flashover
should stay away from high voltage and use the DC method.
Current sampler ground terminal must be grounded, otherwise the high voltage discharge path is
disconnected, and the high voltage will induct to damage flashover tester.
Safety about flashover tester, when flashover test is making flashover test operation menu must
select pulse flashover or high voltage flashover method, if it is wrong to select low voltage pulse
to test high voltage flashover, it may damage the internal low voltage pulse circuit of flashover
tester .
Properly ground, the high-voltage equipment and current sampler must connect cable lead pack at
the same point. The grounds of the flashover tester and high voltage equipment are connected
separately.
The connection point should be no spark, and otherwise it will affect the test waveform.
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