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CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS
Chapter Twenty Readings
Kondo, H., "Michael Faraday," Scientic American, October 1953, p. 90.
McDonald, D.K.C., Faraday, Maxwell and Kelvin, New York Doubleday Anchor,
1964.
Sharlin, H.L., "From Faraday to the Dynamo," Scientific American, May 1961, p.
107.
Shiers, G., "The Induction Coil," Scientific American, May 1971, p. 80.
Stix, G., "Maglev: Racing to Oblivion?" Scientific American, October 1997, p 109.
20.1 The magnetic flux through the area enclosed by the loop is given by:
BAcos = B(r2) = (0.30 T)(0.25 m)2 = 5.9 x 10-2 T m2.
20.2

= BAcos= (0.300 T)(4.00 m2)cos50 = 7.71 x 10-1 T m2.

20.3

= BAcos Thus,
(a) = (5.00 x 10-5 T)(20.0 x 10-4 m2)cos(0) = 1.00 x 10-7 T m2.
(b) = (5.00 x 10-5 T)(20.0 x 10-4 m2)cos(30) = 8.66 x 10-8 T m2.
(c) = (5.00 x 10-5 T)(20.0 x 10-4 m2)cos(90) = 0.

20.4

The magnetic field lines are tangent to the surface of the cylinder, so that no magnetic field lines
penetrate the cylinder. The total flux through the cylinder is zero.

20.5

(a)
(b)

20.6

Every field line that comes up through the area A on one side of the wire goes back down
through area A on the other side of the wire. Thus, net = 0.
The magnetic field lines are all parallel to the plane of the coil and do not thread through it.
= 0.

250 turns
We have B = onI, where n = 0.20 m = 1250 turns/m.
Thus, = BAcos= onIA, or
m
turns
= 4 x 10-7 T A1250 m (15.0 A) (2 x 10-2 m)2 = 2.96 x 10-5 T m2.

20.7 = BAcos= (component of B perpendicular to surface)A


(a) shaded side = BxA = (5.0 T)(2.5 x 10-2 m)2
= 3.1 x 10-3 T m2.
(b) Magnetic field lines have no beginning and no end. Thus, with
a uniform magnetic field, any field line that emerges from the cube
through one face entered the cube through the opposite face.
Therefore, the net flux (number of field lines) emerging from the
cube is zero. total = 0.
20.8

The initial flux through the coil is


i = BiA = (0.20 T)(0.20 m)2 = 2.51 x 10-2 T m2,
and the final flux linkage is f = 0.

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


Thus, = f - i = -2.51 x 10-2 T m2, and the magnitude of the induced emf is: < >= N
=
20.9

2.51 x 10-2 T m2
= 8.38 x 10-2 V = 84 mV.
0.30 s

= Nt

(BA)
A
A

=
= B so < > = N B .
t
t
t

t
-3
2
18 x 10 V = (1) B(0.10 m /s), and B = 0.18 T.

but,

This gives:
20.10

= (Af - Ai)B = (0 - Ai)B = -(0.15 T) (0.12 m)2 = -6.79 x 10-3 T m2.


The magnitude of the average value of the induced emf is:
6.79 x 10-3 T m2

< > =
=
= 3.39 x 10-2 V = 34 mV.
0.20 s
t

20.11

To produce 0.10 A in an 8.0 coil, the induced emf must be

= IR = (0.10 A)(8.0 ) = 0.80 V.


(BA)

Also, = N
where,
=
t
t
t
Thus,

20.12

0.80 V = (75)

= i - f = B
Thus, B =

=A

B
.
t

B
B
(0.050 m)(0.080 m) , and
= 2.7 T/s.
t
t

d2 - 0 = B d2 , and < > = N = N B d2 .


4
4
t 4
t

4 t<> 4( 2.77 x 10-3 s)(0.166 V)


=
= 5.2 x 10-5 T.
Nd2
(500)( 15.0 x 10-2 m)2

20.13

= (Bf - Bi)A = (-0.20 T - 0.30 T) (0.30 m)2 = -1.41 x 10-1 T m2.


Thus, the magnitude of the average value of the induced emf is
1.41 x 10-1 T m2

< > =
=
= 9.42 x 10-2 V = 94 mV.
1.5 s
t

20.14

(a)

(b)

The magnetic field set up inside the solenoid is:


100 turns
B = onI = (4x 10-7 Tm/A) 0.200 m (3.00 A) = 1.88 x 10-3 T, and
i = BA = (1.88 x 10-3 T)(10-2 m)2 = 1.88 x 10-7 T m2.
When the current is reduced to zero, f = 0.
= 1.88 x 10-7 T m2, and
1.88 x 10-7 T m2

< > = N
=
= 6.28 x 10-8 V.
3.00 s
t

Therefore,

20.15

300 turns
Bi = onIi = (4x-7 Tm/A) 0.20 m (2.0 A) = 3.77 x 10-3 T, and
300 turns
Bf = onIf = (4x-7 Tm/A) 0.20 m (5.0 A) = 9.42 x 10-3 T.
(a) = (Bf - Bi)A = ( 9.42 x 10-3 T - 3.77 x 10-3 T)(0.015 m)2, or

(b)

= 4.0 x 10-6 T m2.

4.0 x 10-6 T m2 = 1.8 x 10-5 V.


< > = N
=4
0.90 s
t

20.16 Take upward through the plane of the coil as the positive direction for the magnetic flux. Then, the
initial flux through the coil is:

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


i = N = NBAcos. = 200(1.1 T)(100 x 10-4 m2)cos0 = + 2.2 T m2.
After the field reversed direction, the flux through the coil is:
f = N = NBAcos. = 200(1.1 T)(100 x 10-4 m2)cos180 = - 2.2 T m2.
Therefore, the magnitude of the change in flux is = i - f = 4.4 T m2.
The average induced emf in the coil is: < > =
current is <I > =
20.17

20.18

4.4 T m2

= 0.10 s = 44 V, and the average


t

< > 44 V
R = 5.0 = 8.8 A.

To produce a 0.50 A current through 6.0 of resistance, the induced emf in the bar must be:
IR = (0.50 A)(6.0 ) = 3.0 V.

3.0 V
But, v = Bl , so v = (2.5 T)(1.2 m) = 1.00 m/s.

= Blv = (40.0 x 10-6 T)(5.00 m)(10.0 m/s) = 2.00 x 10-3 V = 2.00 mV.
Using the right hand rule shows that the direction of the magnetic force on a positive charge in the
wire is directed toward the west. Thus, a charge will drift to the western end of the wire, so the
western end is positive relative to the eastern end.

20.19 The time for the blade to complete one revolution is t = 0.50 s. During this time, the blade sweeps
out an area of A = l 2 = (3.0 m)2 = 9.0 m2 . The number of field lines (flux) cut by the blade in
this time is therefore
= BperpendicularA = (5.0 x 10-5 T)(9.0 m2) = 1.4 x 10-3 T m2, and the magnitude of the
induced emf is:
1.4 x 10-3 T m2
= t =
= 2.8 x 10-3 V = 2.8 mV
0.50 s
20.20

We must first find the speed of the beam just before impact. We use conservation of mechanical
1
2
energy:
2 mv = mgh, or
v = 2gh = 2(9.80 m/s2)(9.0 m) = 13.3 m/s.
The magnitude of the induced field is:

= BLv = (18 x 10-6 T)(12.0 m)(13.3 m/s) = 2.87 x 10-3 V = 2.87 mV.

20.21

(a)
(b)

The top of the loop must behave as a south pole in order to oppose the approaching south
pole of the bar magnet. Thus, the current must be clockwise as viewed from above.
After the magnet falls through the loop, the lower side of the loop must act as a south pole to
oppose the movement of the north pole of the falling magnet. Thus, the current is
counterclockwise as viewed from above.

20.22

The current is left to right.

20.23

The current is left to right.

20.24

(a)

The current is left to right.

(b)

The current is right to left.

(b)
(d)

The current is right to left.


The current is left to right.

20.25 (a) The current is left to right.


(b) No current is present since B is constant.
(c) The current is right to left.
20.26

(a)
(c)

The current is right to left.


The current is left to right.

20.27 (a) The maximum induced emf in a rotating coil may be written as:

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS

max= NABperpendicular, where Bperpendicular is the magnetic

field
10.5 rad/s and the area enclosed by

perpendicular to the axis of rotation. In this case, = 100 rpm =


the rotating coil is:
A = ab = (5.00 x 10-2 m)(2.00 x 10-2 m) = x 10-3 m2.
Therefore,

max=

(10.0)( x 10-3 m2)(5.5 x 10-5 T)(10.5 rad/s) = 1.81 x 10-5 V = 18.1 V


(b) In this case, the field lines are always parallel to the plane of the
coil. Therefore, the flux

through the coil has a constant value (of zero)


and there is no induced emf. max =(
)
=0
t max
20.28

max = NBA= (100)(2.0 x 10-5 T)(4.0 x 10-2 m2)(157 rad/s) = 1.3 x 10-2 V.

20.29

(a)

Io = R =

(b)

I=

(c)

back = - IR = 240 V - (6.0 A)(30 ) = 60 V.

20.30

240 V
= 8.0 A.
30

- back
R

240 V - 145 V
= 3.2 A.
30

When = 0, back = 0 and I = 11 A.


(a) The resistance of the windings is found as

120 V
R = I = 11 A = 10.9 .

(b)

When the motor has reached operating speed, the current is 4.0 A, and
Thus,

- back = IR.

back = - IR = 120 V - (4.0 A)(10.9 ) = 76 V.

20.31

(a)

Using max = NBA, we get:

max

20.32

= (1000)(0.20 T)(0.10 m2)(120 rad/s) = 7.5 x103 V.

(b)

max occurs when the flux through the loop is changing the most rapidly. This is when the
plane of the loop is parallel to the magnetic field.

(a)

= 120 rev/min = 12.6 rad/s, and

(b)
(c)

max = NAB = (500)(0.60 T)(0.080 m)(0.2 m)(12.6 rad/s) = 60 V.


= maxsint = (60 V)sin(12.6 s-1(/32)) = 57 V.
The emf will be a maximum at:
2/

t = T/4 = 4 =
=
= 0.12 s.
2 2(12.6 rad/s)

20.33 The inductance of a solenoid is L =

oN2A

, where N is the number of turns, A is the cross-sectional


l
area, and l is the length. In this case,
(4 x 10-7 N/A2)(510)2[(8.00 x 10-2 m)2]
L=
= 4.69 x 10-3 H = 4.69 mH.
1.40 m

20.34

N
T m2
Vs

The units of I = A and the units of


are A . Comparing the two, we see that the
I/t
proof is equivalent to showing that T m2 = V s.

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


Ns
The basic units of the Tesla, from F = qvB, are: T = C m .
Ns
2 (N m) s
Cm m =
C

Substituting these, we have:

J
= C s = V s. Thus, the units are the same in

the two expressions.


20.35

= LI
t

20.36

(a)

L=

(b)

I
From = L ,
t

20.37

1.5 A - 0.20 A
= (3.0 x 10-3 H)
= 1.95 x 10-2 V = 20 mV.
0.20 s

oN2A

(4 x 10-7 N/A2)(400)2(2.5 x 10-2 m)2


, or
(0.20 m)
L= 1.97 x 10-3 H = 1.97 mH.
=

75 x 10-3 V
I
=L =
= 38 A/s.
t
1.97 x 10-3 H

24.0 x 10-3 V
I
From = L , we have: L =
= 10.0 A/s
= 2.40 x 10-3 H,
t
I
t
N
LI (2.40 x 10-3 H)(4 A)
and from L = I , we have: = N =
, or
500
= 1.92 x 10-5 T m2.

I
20.38 Let us use = L
to find the fundamental units of L.
t
L=

20.39

I
t

Vs
= A = s. Thus,

=R =

s
= s.

(a)

L
Using C = L, or RC = R , we get R =

L
C =

(b)

= RC = (1000 )(3 x 10-6 F) = 3 x 10-3 s = 3 ms.

3H
= 1000
3 x 10-6 F

L
V 6.0 V
= R = 600 x 10-6 s = 6.00 x 10-4 s. Imax = R = R = 0.300 A, which yields
R = 20 Therefore, L = R = (6.00 x 10-4 s)(20 ) = 1.2 x 10-2 s = 12 mH.
20.40

20.41

(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)

20.42

VR = iR At t = 0, i = 0. thus, VR = 0.
At t = , i = 63.2% of Imax.
V
6.0 V

Thus, i = (0.632) R = (0.632)


= 0.474 A,

8.0
and VR = iR = (0.474 A)(8.0 ) = 3.8 V.
At t = 0, the voltage drop across the resistor is zero. Thus, the total voltage of the battery is
dropped across the inductor. VL = 6.0 V.
At t = , the Voltage drop across the resistor is 3.8 V. Thus, the voltage drop across the
inductor is 6.0 V - 3.8 V = 2.2 V.

Imax =

(b)

The time constant of the circuit is

24.00 V
= 4.00 A.
6.00

(a)

=R =

3.00 H
= 0.500 s. Thus,
6.00

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


at t = 0.500 s the current is: i = (0.632) Imax = (0.632)(4.00 A) = 2.53 A.
20.43
20.44

1
1
W = 2 LI2 = 2 (70.0 x 10-3 H)(2.00 A) 2 = 0.140 J.
The inductance is;
oN2A (4 x 10-7 N/A2)(300)2(0.0500 m)2
1
L=
=
= 4.44 x 10-3 H, and W = 2 LI2 =
0.200 m
1
-3
2
-4
2 (4.44 x 10 H)(0.500 A) = 5.55 x 10 J.

20.45

24 V
1
1
= 3 A, and W = 2 LI2 = 2 (4.0 H)(3.0 A) 2 = 18 J.
8
At t = , i = 0.632Imax = (0.632)(3.0 A) = 1.90 A, and
1
1
W = 2 LI2 = 2 (4.0 H)(1.90 A) 2 = 7.2 J.

(a)

Imax = R =

(b)

20.46

20.47

20.48

, with = BA = (0.30 T - 0)(0.20 m)2 = 3.77 x 10-2 T m2.


t
50(3.77 x 10-2 T m2)
Thus, =
= 4.7 V.
0.40 s
We use = N

Treating the telephone cord as a solenoid, we have:


oN2A (4 x 10-7 T m/A)(70)2()(0.0065 m)2
L= l
=
= 1.4 x 10-6 H.
0.60 m
From max = NAB we find:
B=

max
NA

0.5 V
= (50)(0.20 m)(0.30 m)(90 rad/s) = 1.9 x 10-3 T.

20.49

According to Lenz's law, a current will be induced in the coil to oppose the change in magnetic
flux due to the magnet. Therefore, current must flow from b to a through the resistor. Hence Va Vb will be negative.

20.50

The flux passing through the coil when B = 0.15 T is;


i = NBiA = (5)(0.15 T)(0.15 m)2 = 5.30 x 10-2 T m2.
When B = 0.20 T, the flux is:
f = NBfA = (5)(0.20 T)(0.15 m)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 T m2. Thus,
1.77 x 10-2 T m2

= 1.77 x 10-2 T m2, and =


=
= 5.89 x 10-3 V.
3.0 s
t
With the average induced emf found above during the 3.0 seconds, the average induced current is:

I=R =
20.51

(a)

5.89 x 10-3 V
= 7.4 x 10-4 A.
8.0

The primary circuit (containing the battery and solenoid) is an RL circuit with R = 14.0
oN2A
and L =
, or
(4 x 10-7 T m/A)(12500)2(10-4 m2)
= 0.28 H. The time for the current to reach 0.63
0.0700 m
L
0.28 H
times its maximum is one time constant which is: = R =
= 0.020 s.
14.0
L=

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


(b)

(c)

(d)

I
(I - 0)
The average emf is <> = L
= L
, where
t

60.0 V
I = 0.63Imax = 0.63
= 2.7 A.
14.0
2.7 A
Thus, <> = (0.28 H)0.020 s = 37.8 V.

The rate of change of flux in the 820 turn coil is the same as that in the solenoid. This rate

can be found by realizing that the back emf in the solenoid at any time is = N( ) when N
t

is the number of turns on the solenoid and


is the rate of change of flux in each turn.
t

< > 37.8 V


Thus, < > = N( ) or
= N = 12 500 = 3.02 x 10-3 V.
t
t
The average induced emf in the coil is:

< >coil = Ncoil( ) = 820(3.02 x 10-3 V) = 2.48 V, and the average induced current is:
t
< >coil =

< >coil 2.48 V


Rcoil = 24.0 = 0.103 A.

20.52
10 mV

( t)

( b)
( a)

5 mV

Or ig inal C ur ve

( c)

t ( ms)

0
0.25

0.5

0.75

1.0

1.25

1.5

1.75

2.0

- 5 mV

- 10 mV

(a)
(b)

Doubling the number of turns doubles the amplitude but does not alter the period.
Doubling the angular velocity doubles the amplitude and also cuts the period in half.

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


(c)

20.53

Doubling the angular velocity while reducing the number of turns to one half the original
value leaves the amplitude unchanged but does cut the period in half.

When not rotating, = IR, and from this, R = I


When rotating,

12 V
= 18A = 0.67

- back = IR, or

back = - IR = 12 V - (3.5 A)(0.67 ) = 9.7 V.


20.54

The flux through the coil at any instant is the same as the flux through the solenoid. The magnetic
field along the axis of the solenoid is given by Bs = onI.
The rate of change of this field is:
Bs
I
= on( )
t
t
1600 1.5 A - 6.0 A
= (4 x 10-7 N/A2)(0.80 m )( 0.20 s
) = - 5.6 x 10-2 T/s
Thus, the rate of change of flux through the solenoid (and therefore the coil) is:
Bs

( )=(
)Asolenoid = (-5.6 x 10-2 T/s)[(0.05 m)2] = -4.4 x 10-4 V
t
t
The induced emf in the coil is then:

< >coil = - Ncoil


= -(1)(-4.4 x 10-4 V) = 4.4 x 10-4 V = 440 V.
t

20.55

When the wire is moving downward at speed v, an emf, = Blv, is induced in the wire. The left
Blv
end of the wire is at a higher potential than the right end. Thus, an induced current, I = R = R ,
flows
counterclockwise around the circuit and right to left through the wire. The magnetic field exerts an
upward force of
B2l2v
Fm = BIl = R on the wire. The wire will reach terminal speed when this force equals the
downward gravitation force on the wire. When this occurs, Fm = mg,
or

20.56

B2l2vt
= mg. Thus,
R

mgR
vt = 2 2
B l

F = ILB and = BLv


BLv
IR
I = R = R , so B = Lv
I2LR
Fv
(a) Therefore, F = Lv and
I=
R = 0.500 A
(b) I2R = 2.00 W
(c) For constant force, P = FV = (1.00 N)(2.00 m/s) = 2.00 W.

20.57

At a distance r from the long straight current,


oi 2 x 10-7 Tm/A(6.02 x 106 A)
Bi =
=
= 6.02 x 10-3 T, and
200 m
2r
Bf = 0, since If = 0. Therefore,

i = BiA = (6.02 x 10-3 T)(0.8 m)2 = 1.21 x 10-2 T m2, giving

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


< > = N

1.21 x 10-2 T m2 - 0

= (100)
= 1.15 x 105 V.
t
10.5 x 10-6 s

20.58

The average induced emf is given by:


(N)
N'' - N
B(N'A' - NA)
< >= ==.
t
t
t
In this case, N = 2 turns, N' = 1 turn, and A = r2 = (0.500 m)2
= 0.7854 m2. Since the total length of the wire is constant, the circumference of the 1 turn coil
must be twice the circumference of the 2 turn coil, C' = 2C. Thus, 2r' = 2(2r), or r' = 2r =
1.00 m and A' = r2' = (1.00 m)2 = m2.
(0.40 T)((1) m2 - (2)(0.7854 m2))
Therefore, < >= = -6.28 V.
0.10 s

20.59

The area of the tent that is effective in intercepting magnetic field lines is the area perpendicular to
the direction of the magnetic field. This is the same as the base of the tent. In the initial
configuration, this is A1 = L(2Lcos) = 2(1.5 m)2cos60 = 2.25 m2. After the tent is flattened, the
area of the base is A2 = L(2L) = 2L2 = 2(1.5 m)2 = 4.5 m2. Thus, the initial flux is:

1 = BA1 = (0.30 T)(2.25 m2) = 0.675 T m2,


and the final flux is: 2 = BA2 = (0.30 T)(4.5 m2) = 1.35 T m2.
The average induced emf is:
(2 - 1)
(1.35 T m2 - 0.675 T m2)

< > = === -6.8 V.


0.10 s
t
t
20.60

(a)
(b)

i=R =

5.00

= 2.00 x 10 A = 20 A.

(d)
(e)

Psupplied = i = (1.00 x 10-4 V)(2.00 x 10-5 A) = 2.00 x 10-9 W


= 2 nanowatts.
Pdissipated = i2R = (2 x 10-5 A)2(5.00 ) = 2.00 x 10-9 W = 2 nanowatts.
Fapplied = Fretarding force exerted by magnetic field = BIL. Thus,

(f)

F = (40 x 10-6 T)(2.00 x 10-5 A)(0.500 m) = 4.00 x 10-10 N.


P = Fv = (4.00 x 10-10 N)(5.00 m/s) = 2.00 x 10-9 W = 2 nanowatts.

(a)

Ai = ri = (10-2 m)2 = 10-4 m2 and Af = 0. Therefore,

(c)

20.61

= BLv = (40.0 x 10-6 T)(0.500 m)(5.00 m/s) = 1.00 x 10-4 V = 100 V.


1.00 x 10-4 V
-5

= BAi - BAf = BAi = (25.0 x 10-3 T)( 10-4 m2) = 7.85 X 10-6 T m2.
7.85 x 10-6 T m2

=
= 1.57 x 10-4 V = 0.157 mV,
t
50.0 x 10-3 s
and Lenz' law shows that the induced current will flow from A to B. (End B will be
positive.)
= BfA - BiA = (100 mT)A - (25.0 mT)A = (75.0 X 10-3 T)(10-4 m2 ), or = 2.36 X

10-5 T m2, and


< > = N
gives
t
2.36 x 10-5 T m2
< > =
= 5.89 x 10-3 V = 5.89 mV. In this case, the magnetic force on a
4.00 x 10-3 s
positive charge in the wire causes it to drift toward end A, so end A is positive. (Current
flow is from B to A.)
Thus, < > = N

(b)

10

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


20.62

, so I is proportional to the rate


t
of change of the flux, or slope of the versus time graph. (The
maximum flux occurs when the magnet is perpendicular to the
plane of the coil.) The curve will be somewhat like the sketch at
the right.

The induced current versus time curve is somewhat like the


sketch at the right. Notice the phase difference between this curve
and the versus time curve sketched above.

I is proportional to < > = N

3T/4
O T/4

t
T=2/

T/2
O

20.63

Using = IringR =

we get: I = R .
t
t

t
T=2 /

1
When current I flows in the solenoid, the magnetic field is B = 2 onI, so the rate of change of the
field is:
B 1
I
1
=
n = (4 x 10-7 T m/A)(1000/m)(270 A/s) = 0.170 T/s,
t 2 o t 2
and the rate of change of flux is:
B
=
A = (0.170 T/s)((0.030 m)2) = 4.80 x 10-4 V.
t
t
so I = 1.6 A

20.64

(a)

(b)

(BA)
NBa2

=-N
= - N
= - 2 ,
t
t
t
t
2(2.00 rad/s)
1
(1)(0.500
T)(0.500
m)
or: = - 2 NBa2 = = - 0.125 V.
2
At t = 0.250 s, = t = (2.00 rad/s)(0.250 s) = 0.500 radians, and the arc length from P to Q
is: s = a = (0.500 m)(0.500 rad) = 0.250 m. The total length of material in the loop is a +
a + a = 0.500 m + 0.500 m + 0.250 m = 1.25 m, and the resistance is: R = (5.00
/m)(1.25 m) = 6.25 .
We begin with:

=-N

Therefore, the induced current is:


20.65

I=R =

0.125 V
= 0.02 A.
6.25

(a) Motional emf = Bwv appears in the conducting water. Its resistance, if the plates are
submerged is
L w
A = ab
Kirchoff's loop rule says
Iw
Bwv - IR =0
ab
Bwv
abvB
Therefore,
I=
=
abR
w
+ w
R + ab
(b) Isc =

23.66

Ba2
2

(a)

(100 m)(5.00 m)(3.00 m/s)(50.0 x 10-6 T)


= 0.75 mA
100 m

= BLv = 0.36 V

(b) F = ILB = 0.108 N

I = R = 0.900 A

11

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS


(c) Since the magnetic flux through the area of the coil is decreasing, the induced current flow
through R is from b to a. b is at the higher potential.
(d) No.
ANSWERS TO CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS

2. Consider the copper tube to be a large set of rings stacked one on top of the other. As
the magnet falls toward or falls away from each ring, a current is induced in the ring. Thus,
there is a current in the copper tube around its circumference.
4. The tape has small pieces of iron oxide embedded in it. A nearby magnet will attract
these pieces of iron, drawing the tape toward it. This experiment will cause the alignment
of the oxide to be altered to what it was before. Thus, the information encoded on the tape
will be lost. Try this with an old tape.
6. Let us assume the north pole of the magnet faces the ring. As the bar magnet falls
toward the conducting ring, a magnet field is induced in the ring pointing upward. This
upward directed field will oppose the motion of the magnet preventing it from moving as a
freely-falling body. Try it for yourself to show that an upward force also acts on the falling
magnet if the south end faces the ring.
8. As the aluminum plate moves into the field, eddy currents are induced in the metal by
the changing magnetic field at the plate. The magnetic field of the electromagnet interacts
with this current producing a retarding force on the plate, slowing it down. In a similar
fashion, as the plate leaves the magnetic field, a current is induced, and once again there is
an upward force to slow the plate.
10. If an external battery is acting to increase the current in the inductor, an emf is induced
in a direction to oppose the increase of current. Likewise, if one attempts to reduce the
current in the inductor, the emf set up tries to support the current. Thus, the induced emf
always acts to oppose the change occurring in the circuit, or it acts in the "back" direction to
the change.
12. As water falls, it gains velocity and kinetic energy. It then pushes against the blades of
a turbine transferring this energy to the rotor or coil of a large alternating current generator.
This rotor moves in a strong external magnetic field and a voltage is induced in the coil.
This induced emf is the voltage source for the current in our electric power lines.
14. If the bar were moving to the left, the magnetic force on the negative charges in the bar
would be upward, causing an accumulation of negative charge on the top, and positive
charges at the bottom. Hence, the electric field in the bar would be upward.

12

CHAPTER TWENTY SOLUTIONS

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