Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
and Architecture
andArchitecture
Dr.A.Sahu
Dept of Comp. Sc. & Engg.
DeptofComp.Sc.&Engg.
IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati
1
Outline
Course,Attendance,ReferenceBook
Course
Attendance Reference Book
Whatdowestudyinthiscourse?
Whyshouldthisbestudied?
What is Computer
Whatis
ComputerArchitecture
Architecture??
Howisthecoursestructured?
CS222 Course
CS222Course
75%AttendanceisMandatory
75% A
d
i M d
Manual&ElectronicsAttendanceSystem
y
4Programmingassignment+2Takehome
AnykindofCopy/Plagiarismleadto`F
A ki d f C
/Pl i i
l d t `F
Grade
CS222 Course
CS222Course
TextBook
StallingW.,ComputerOrganization&Architecture,
7th Edition,PearsonEducationIndia,2010
Hamacher C.etal,ComputerOrganization,5th
Edition,McGrawHill,2002
ReferenceBook
Henneyssy J.L.,PattersonD.,Computer
OrganizationAndDesign:TheHardware/Software
Interface,MorganKaufmann,2008
4
CS222Course
Coursewebsite:
http://jatinga iitg ernet in/~asahu/cs222/
http://jatinga.iitg.ernet.in/
asahu/cs222/
Markdistribution
15%:Assignment+Homework
%
i
k
40%:MidSemester
45%:EndSemester
ClassTiming&Venue
Venue:1201,Timing:SlotC
Mon:1011,Tue:1112,Thu:89MakeupSlot,Fri:910
5
Design/buildanewversionofacomputer
Improvesoftwareperformance
p
p
Purchaseacomputer
Provide a solution with an embedded
Provideasolutionwithanembedded
computer
7
What is Computer
Whatis
ComputerArchitecture
Architecture
Buildingarchitecture
Building
architecture : Structuraldesign
Structural design
(CivilEngg)
::
Computerarchitecture
Computer
architecture : Circuitdesign
Circuit design
(Electronics/CSEngg)
9
Abstraction
Delving
Delvingintothedepthsrevealsmore
into the depths reveals more
information
Anabstractionomitsunneededdetail,
helpsuscopewithcomplexity
10
Software
Abstraction
SoftwareAbstraction
intsum(intx,inty)
(
,
y)
{
intt=x+y;
return t;
returnt;
}
_sum:
sum:
assembly
pushl%ebp
movl%esp,%ebp
movl12(%ebp),%eax
l 12(% b ) %
addl8(%ebp),%eax
movl%ebp,%esp
popl%ebp
ret
0x401040 <sum>:
0x401040<sum>:
machine
code
0x55
0x89
0xe5
0 8b
0x8b
0x45
0x0c
0x03
0x45
0x08
0x89
0xec
0 5d
0x5d
0xc3
11
Hardware Abstraction
HardwareAbstraction
Register file
CPU
PC
ALU
System bus
Bus interface
Memory bus
Main
memory
bridge
I/O bus
USB
controller
Mouse
Graphics
adapter
Keyboard Display
Disk
controller
Expansion
p
slots for
other devices such
as network adapters
Disk
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Hardware/software interface
Hardware/softwareinterface
C/C++
software
m/cinstr
reg,adder
our
focus
hardware
transistors
20
Architecture levels
Architecturelevels
Instructionsetarchitecture(ISA)
Instruction set architecture (ISA)
Lowestlevelvisibletoaprogrammer
Operation(add/sub/mul/shift)
Microarchitecture
Micro architecture
Fillsthegapbetweeninstructionsand
logic modules
logicmodules
OperationVsMicroOperation
21
PC
ALU
Memory
Add
Addresses
Code + Data
Registers
Data
Condition
Codes
Instructions
ProgrammerVisibleState
PCProgramCounter
RegisterFile
Heavilyuseddata
ConditionCodes
Stack
Memory
Bytearray
Code+data
stack
23
Some realities
Somerealities
Ints arenotIntegers,FloatsarenotReals
g ,
Youvegottoknowassembly
Chancesare,youllneverwriteprogramsin
assembly,butunderstandingassemblykeyto
machinelevelexecutionmodel
MemoryMatters
Memory Matters
Memoryisnotunbounded
Memoryperformanceisnotuniform
yp
Theresmoretoperformancethanasymptotic
complexity
24
Embedded computers
Embeddedcomputers
Processor
Processorasanintelligentelectronic
as an intelligent electronic
componentratherthanProcessorasa
computingengine
Realtimeoperation
Real time operation
Requireshardwaresoftwarecodesign
Highlycustomized
25
27
Topics to be covered
Topicstobecovered
Performanceissues
Aspecificinstructionsetarchitecture
ArithmeticandhowtobuildanALU
Constructingaprocessortoexecute
instructions
Pipeliningtoimproveperformance
Memory:cachesandvirtualmemory
Input/output
28