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Hill yield criterion

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rodney Hill has developed several yield criteria for anisotropic plastic deformations. The earliest version was a
straightforward extension of the von Mises yield criterion and had a quadratic form. This model was later
generalized by allowing for an exponent m. Variations of these criteria are in wide use for metals, polymers, and
certain composites.

Contents
1 Quadratic Hill yield criterion
1.1 Expressions for F, G, H, L, M, N
1.2 Quadratic Hill yield criterion for plane stress
2 Generalized Hill yield criterion
2.1 Generalized Hill yield criterion for anisotropic material
3 Hill 1993 yield criterion
4 Extensions of Hill's yield criteria
4.1 The Caddell-Raghava-Atkins yield criterion
4.2 The Deshpande-Fleck-Ashby yield criterion
5 References
6 External links

Quadratic Hill yield criterion

The quadratic Hill yield criterion[1] has the form

Here F, G, H, L, M, N are constants that have to be determined experimentally and

are the stresses. The
quadratic Hill yield criterion depends only on the deviatoric stresses and is pressure independent. It predicts the
same yield stress in tension and in compression.

Expressions for F, G, H, L, M, N
If the axes of material anisotropy are assumed to be orthogonal, we can write

where

Similarly, if

are the normal yield stresses with respect to the axes of anisotropy. Therefore we have

are the yield stresses in shear (with respect to the axes of anisotropy), we have

Quadratic Hill yield criterion for plane stress

The quadratic Hill yield criterion for
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thin rolled plates (plane stress conditions) can be expressed as

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The quadratic Hill yield criterion for thin rolled plates (plane stress conditions) can be expressed as

where the principal stresses

are assumed to be aligned with the axes of anisotropy with
in the rolling
direction and
perpendicular to the rolling direction,
,
is the R-value in the rolling direction, and
is the R-value perpendicular to the rolling direction.
For the special case of transverse isotropy we have

and we get

Derivation of Hill's criterion for plane stress

For the situation where the principal stresses are aligned with the directions of
anisotropy we have

where
have

are the principal stresses. If we assume an associated flow rule we

This implies that

For plane stress

, which gives

The R-value
is defined as the ratio of the in-plane and out-of-plane plastic strains
under uniaxial stress . The quantity
is the plastic strain ratio under uniaxial
stress . Therefore, we have

Then, using

and

, the yield condition can be written as

which in turn may be expressed as

This is of the same form as the

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required expression. All we have to do is to express

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This is of the same form as the required expression. All we have to do is to express
in terms of . Recall that,

We can use these to obtain

Solving for

gives us

Plugging back into the expressions for

leads to

which implies that

Therefore the plane stress form of the quadratic Hill yield criterion can be expressed as

Generalized Hill yield criterion

The generalized Hill yield criterion[2] has the form

where
are the principal stresses (which are aligned with the directions of anisotropy),
is the yield stress, and
F, G, H, L, M, N are constants. The value of m is determined by the degree of anisotropy of the material and must
be greater than 1 to ensure convexity of the yield surface.

Generalized Hill yield criterion for anisotropic material

For transversely isotropic materials with
reduces to (with
and
)

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being the plane of symmetry, the generalized Hill yield criterion

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The R-value or Lankford coefficient can be determined by considering the situation where
The R-value is then given by

Under plane stress conditions and with some assumptions, the generalized Hill criterion can take several forms.[3]
Case 1:

Case 2:

Case 3:

Case 4:

Case 5:

. This is the Hosford yield criterion.

Care must be exercised in using these forms of the generalized Hill yield criterion because the yield surfaces
become concave (sometimes even unbounded) for certain combinations of

and

.[4]

Hill 1993 yield criterion

In 1993, Hill proposed another yield criterion [5] for plane stress problems with planar anisotropy. The Hill93
criterion has the form

where
is the uniaxial tensile yield stress in the rolling direction,
is the uniaxial tensile yield stress in the
direction normal to the rolling direction,
is the yield stress under uniform biaxial tension, and
are
parameters defined as

and
is the R-value for uniaxial
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tension in the rolling direction, and

is the R-value for uniaxial tension in the

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and
is the R-value for uniaxial tension in the rolling direction, and
in-plane direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.

is the R-value for uniaxial tension in the

Extensions of Hill's yield criteria

The original versions of Hill's yield criteria were designed for material that did not have pressure-dependent yield
surfaces which are needed to model polymers and foams.

The Caddell-Raghava-Atkins yield criterion

An extension that allows for pressure dependence is Caddell-Raghava-Atkins (CRA) model [6] which has the form

The Deshpande-Fleck-Ashby yield criterion

Another pressure-dependent extension of Hill's quadratic yield criterion which has a form similar to the Bresler
Pister yield criterion is the Deshpande, Fleck and Ashby (DFA) yield criterion [7] for honeycomb structures (used in
sandwich composite construction). This yield criterion has the form

References
1. R. Hill. (1948). A theory of the yielding and plastic flow of anisotropic metals. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 193:281297
2. R. Hill. (1979). Theoretical plasticity of textured aggregates. Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 85(1):179191.
3. Chu, E. (1995). Generalization of Hill's 1979 anisotropic yield criteria. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 50,
pp. 207-215.
4. Zhu, Y., Dodd, B., Caddell, R. M. and Hosford, W. F. (1987). Limitations of Hill's 1979 anisotropic yield criterion.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 29, pp. 733.
5. Hill. R. (1993). User-friendly theory of orthotropic plasticity in sheet metals. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,
vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1925.
6. Caddell, R. M., Raghava, R. S. and Atkins, A. G., (1973), Yield criterion for anisotropic and pressure dependent solids such
as oriented polymers. Journal of Materials Science, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 1641-1646.
7. Deshpande, V. S., Fleck, N. A. and Ashby, M. F. (2001). Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material. Journal of the
Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1747-1769.

External links
Yield criteria for aluminum (http://aluminium.matter.org.uk/content/html/eng/default.asp?
catid=183&pageid=2144416653)
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Categories: Plasticity (physics) Solid mechanics Yield criteria
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