MCSP-060

SOIL SAMPLE INFORMATION

SYSTEM

Title of the Project

Soil Sample INFORMATION System

Under
Soil Test Laboratory, Katihar

INTRODUCTION
The farmers find it extremely difficult to know the
proper type of fertilizer, which would match his soil. In
Name:Rajeev Ranjan
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using

fertilizer

he

must

take

into

account

the

requirement of his crops and the characteristics of the soil.

Soil provides a reservoir of nutrients required by
crops and also therefore for animals but not necessarily at
optimum levels of immediate availability to plants. The
purpose of soil analysis is to assess the adequacy, surplus
or deficiency of available nutrients for crop growth and to
monitor change brought about by farming practices. This
information is needed for optimum production, to avoid
transferring undesirable levels of some nutrients into the
environment and to ensure a suitable nutrient content in
crop products.
Farm assurance schemes, buyer's protocols and
codes of practice are increasingly demanding more
accurate fertilizer recommendations which must depend
on the nutrient-supplying capacity of the soil. Regular soil
analysis should be undertaken as a vital part of good
management practice.
The District Soil Investigation Laboratory provides all
this facility using new techniques.

OBJECTIVES
Name:Rajeev Ranjan
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The basic objective of the soil-investigation

programme is to give farmers a service leading to better
and more economic use of fertilizers and better soil
management
practices
for
increasing
agricultural
production. High crop yields cannot be obtained without
applying sufficient fertilizers to overcome existing
deficiencies.
Efficient use of fertilizers is a major factor in any
programme designed to bring about an economic increase
in agricultural production. The farmers involved in such a
programme will have to use increasing quantities of
fertilizers to achieve the desired yield levels. However the
amounts and kinds of fertilizers required for the same crop
vary from soil to soil, even field to field on the same soil.
The use of fertilizers without first investigation of the soil
is like taking medicine without first consulting a physician
to find out what is needed. It is observed that the
fertilizers increase yields and the farmers are aware of
this. But are they applying right quantities of the right kind
of fertilizers at the right time at the right place to ensure
maximum profit? Without a fertilizer recommendation
based upon a soil test, a farmer may be applying too
much of a little needed plant food element and too little of
another element which is actually the principal factor
limiting plant growth. This not only means an
uneconomical use of fertilizers, but in some cases crop
yields actually may be reduced because of use of the
wrong kinds or amounts, or improper use of fertilizers.
A fertilizers recommendation from a soil testing laboratory
is based on carefully conducted soil analyses and the
results of up-to-date agronomic research on the crop, and
it therefore is most scientific information available for
fertilizing that crop in that field.

Name:Rajeev Ranjan
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PROJECT CATEGORY
PROPERTIES OF JAVA (FRONT END):JAVA is pure object oriented programming language, which
has

derived

syntax

and

C++

object

oriented

programming features. It is compiled and interpreted

language and is platform independent and can do
graphics, networking, multithreading. It was initially called
as OAK. Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick
Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank, and Mike Sheridan at
Sun Microsystems, Inc. in 1991. Java can used to create
two

types

of

programs:

application

and

applets.

Application is a program that runs on your computer,

under the operating system of that computer. That is an
application created by Java is more or less like one created
using C or C++. An applet is an application designed to be
transmitted over the Internet and executed by a Javacompatible Web browser. Java provides the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).
Java are following list of buzzwords: Simple
Secure
Portable
Object-oriented
Robust
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Multithreading
Architecture-neutral
Interpreted
High Performance
Distributed
Dynamic
Introduction of Swing:
Swing is a major component of the JFC, which is the
result of a

large collaborative effort between

Sun,

Netscape, IBM, and other companies. Swing provides a

large number of useful GUI control that originated with
Netscapes Internet Foundations Classes (IFC). The Swing
components go far beyond the IFC, to the point where
there

is

no

visible

resemblance

between

Swing

components and those of the IFC. Swing also provides the

capability to quickly and easily change the look and feel of
a single component or group of components. To make
optimal use of Swing your video card should be set to 16-

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bit or higher color. This setting supports 65,536 color

combinations.
Swing is a large API consisting 9 packages and
numerous classes and interfaces. Most of the Swing
components are contained in the javax.swing package,
which also provides classes and interfaces that support
and manage the GUI components.
Just as AWT provides a Window class hierarchy, so
does Swing. Swings window classes are extensions of the
AWT window class hierarchy. The JWindow class extends
the AWT window class. The JFrame class extends the AWT
Frame class and the JDialog class extends the AWT Dialog
class.
JAVA:
Java supports the different types of editors are EditPlus,
Eclips, NetBeans, Notepad. EditPlus editor

are different

types of used in editor such as Text, HTML, PHP, JAVA

Script, JAVA, JSP, XML, VBSscript, C#, C/C++, Perl, .NET
Config, CSS. Etc. Most of the

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Eclipse SDK is "pure" JavaTM code and has no direct

dependence on the underlying operating system. The
chief dependence is therefore on the Java 2 Platform itself.
The 3.1 release of the Eclipse Project is written and
compiled against version 1.4 of the Java 2 Platform APIs,
and targeted to run on version 1.4 of the Java 2 Runtime
Environment,

Standard

Edition.

Java

technology

are

performed the different types of version are JDK 1.0, JDK

1.1, JDK1.2, JDK1.3, JDK1.4, JDK1.5, JDK 1.6 etc.
PROPERTIES OF RDBMS-ORACLE (BACK-END):As we know that the worlds longest selling are the
DBMS product. Oracle work groups or enterprise server
account

major

percentage

of

RDBMS

engine

sold

worldwide. The natural programming language of this

product is SQL/PLSQL the creation of user defined function
procedure database trigger and other specific database
processing PLSQL for commercial application will always
related to oracle related to oracle engine.
Oracle has introduced a large number of new
features such as analysis queries, scalar sub-queries,
joins, pivot insert statement and merger statement.
Object

oriented

feature

such

as

inheritance,

Polymorphism, undo table space and various PLSQL

packages. It continues to provide the most secure
application development and deployment platform in the
industry.

Exception handling Oracle locating and user

defined locking are fully supported. It also provides the

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key concept such as primary key, unique key and foreign

key.
Oracle can run across different platforms. They can
also transfer data from various hardware platforms
without any conversions of programs. They, thus satisfy
the feature of having open architecture and distributed
data management capability. This database have industry
standard SQL & Report writer which are 4GL tools. This not
only facilitates faster development, but also enhances
professional productivity.
Oracle has a query optimizer. The main function of a
query optimizer is to determine automatically the fastest
method in which a database request can be handled.
As a result of this programmers and end users do no need
any

additional

training

to

obtain

good

RDBMS

performance. These databases have servers or data

mangers, which minimize both memory and CPU resource
utilization.

This

ensures

high

transaction processing.
Oracle 10g
ORCALE is an acronym for
O - Oak
R - Ridge
A - Automatic
C - Computing
L - Logical
E Engine
Name:Rajeev Ranjan
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performance

during

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Oracle 10g Product and Utility

ORCALE is a kernel package that has a number of tools
that can be purchased separately and integrated the
kernel and add-ons. The tools allows the user to create
database objects, like procedure, trigger function etc.
some of tools are:
A.

SQL*PLUS

B.

INTRACTIVE SQL

C.

PL/SQL

The ORCALE RDBMS is a central ORCALE product. It

includes the database manager and several tools intended
to assist the users and DBA in the maintenance and use of
data. The core of RDBMS is the kernel.
The kernel handles the following task:
1. Manages storage and definition of data.
2. Controls and limits data access and concurring.
3. Allows backup and recovery of data
4. Interprets SQL and PL/SQL

(A)

SQL*PLUS

SQL*PLUS is an interactive tool which establishes an

interaction between the user and the server. It takes
Query as input and sends it on to the server to be
interpreted by the SQL Engine and waits for the result
unless until the server process entertains query and sends
the result back to this interactive tool. Finally it displays
the result to the user. It is the command line interface to
the oracle database. It is a powerful oracle product that
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can take your instruction for oracle, Check them for

correctness, submit them to oracle and then modify or
reformat the response oracle gives, based on orders or
directions that you have set in place. It interacts with you,
which means you can talk back. You can give directions,
and it will follow them precisely. It will tell user if it doesnt
understand something users have told it to do.
(B)

SQL

SQL is a data sub-language. That is to say, the purpose of

SQL is to interface to a relational database such as oracle7
and all SQL statement are instructions to the database. In
this

it

differs

from

general

purposes

programming

language like C and BASIC.

Some of the important features of SQL are as following: 1. It provides sets of data as groups rather than as
individual units.
2. It provides automatic navigation to the data.
3. It uses statements that are complex and powerful
individually, and that therefore stand-alone. The flowcontrol statements of most programming languages are
absent in SQL, although they are provided in Oracles
extension to standard SQL called PL/SQL.
SQL provides commands for a variety of tasks including: 1. Querying data.
2. Inserting, updating and deleting rows in a table.
3. Creating, replacing altering and dropping objects.
4. Controlling access to the database and its objects.
5. Guaranteeing database consistency and integrity.
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( C ) PL/SQL
PL/SQL stands for Procedural Language Extension to
SQL.

PL/SQL

available

primary

as

an

Enabling

Technology within other softer products, it does not

exit as a stand along language. PL/SQL is powerful
language, which incorporate many of most advance
elements of procedural languages including:

A full range of data types.

Explicit block structure.

Conditional and sequential control statements.

Loops of various kinds.

Exception handlers for use in event-based error

handling.

Construct that help in the development of modular

code - functions and procedures.

Packages

(collection

of

related

program

variables); packages are often referred to

Poor Mans Objects.

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as

and

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REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS:The requirement analysis task is a process of
discovery, refinement modeling, and specification. The
software scope initially establishes by the system engineer
and refined during software project planning in refined in
detail.
The requirement analysis was thoroughly done for
the project entitled SOIL SAMPLE INVESTIGATION
SYSTEM. This involve number of activities like Details of
farmer, soil sample details , soil properties, essential
component for soil , recommended fro soil sample etc to
elicited requirements. The farmer of the land were very
cooperative in the entire process and helped a lot in
determining the exact requirement .It included worth
functional, behavioral and performance specification.

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Following list of requirement has been prepared for the

SOIL SAMPLE INVESTION SYSTEM: It should provide the facility of maintaining Farmer
details, soil details and sample details.
It should allow to maintain list of Farmer through
whom soil testing will be conducted.
It should allow to store/edit soil sample details.
It should also provide the facility of printing of Soil
testing history of any land.
The GUI design should be clear and easy to use .
The system should be sure and avoid unauthorized
access.
The data base support should be provided to
eliminate use of registers and file.
DESIGN PHASE
Data Flow Diagrams
This is the graphical description of the softwares
data and it tells that how the process transforms. The
diagram below shows the data flow diagram of this soil
test system software.

Farmer Enquires Diagram (Level 0 DFD)

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Details/Enquires
Farmer

services

Soil
Test
System

Figure:- Farmer Enquires Diagram (Level 0 DFD)

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Soil Sample Collection Diagram (Level 1 DFD)

1.1
Enquiries &
Farmer Details

Registration

1.2

Soil sample
Farmer

Soil Types

Receipt

Show receipt
Provide
Recommended report

1.3
Reports of
soil Test

Office Record

Reports

Figure:- Soil Sample Collection Diagram (Level 1

DFD)

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Reporting of Soil Test (Level 2 DFD)

1.1
Registration

Enquiries &
Farmer Details

1.2

Soil sample
Farmer

1.1.1
Reports as
record

Soil Types

Receipt

1.2.1
Reports for
soil
productivity

Show receipt
Provide
Recommended report

1.3
Reports of
soil Test

1.3.1
Final
Record

Figure:-Reporting of Soil Test (Level 2 DFD)

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Entity Relationship Diagram of Soil Test System

F
a
r
m
e
r
I
D

Khata/Khesr
a

F
a
r
m
e
r

Plot
No.
Types
of Soil
Farme
r
Dat Name
e

Mobil
e No.

Addre
ss

User
ID

wit
h

Precrop
s

D
Farmer
Irrigated
Land
Detail
or not
Situatio
s
n

Print Receipt

Testin

User/Operator

Administr
ator

g
PH
Cro

Passwor
d

ps
Farme
r ID

Year of
Test

Print
Report
s

Gypsu
m/Pyr
ite

Soil
Testing
Report

Lab
No.

Recommendation
s for Soil
Sample
N

FYM

Potas
h

P
h

FarmerID

Figure:-Entity Relationship diagram for Soil Test

System

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OC

TSS

Soil
Sample

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DATA DICTIONARIES
In this project the data dictionary defines each term (data
element) encountered during the analysis and design of the system.
It describes files, data flows, and process.

1) User Details Table:Column Name

UserName
Password

Data Type
Varchar2(10)
Varchar2(10)

Constraints
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

2) Farmer Details Table:Column Name

FarmerId
FarmerName
FatherName
PlotNo
Village
Block
District
State
PinNO
MobileNo
Date

Name:Rajeev Ranjan
E.No:061404856

Data Type
Varchar2(10)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(10)
Varchar2(12)
Date

18

Constraints
PRIMARY KEY
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

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3) Soil Sample Details Table:Column Name

FarmerId
PlotNo
TypesOfSoil
SituationOfLand
Irregated
SpecialInfo
PreCrops

Data Type
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)

Constraint
FOREIGN KEY
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

4) Result of Soil Sample Details Table:Column Name

FarmerId
YearOfTest
LabSampleNo
PHStatus
OCStatus
TSS

Data Type
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(6)
Varchar2(20)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)

Constraint
Foreign key
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

5) Recommendations for Soil Sample Details

Table:Column Name
FarmerId
RecCrops
RecNitrogen
RecUreaTone
RecPhosphorus
RecPhosTone
RecPotash
RecPotashTone
RecFYM
GypsumOrPyrite
presoribe

Data Type
Varchar2(20)
Varchar2(20)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Number(12,2)
Varchar2(50)
Varchar2(200)

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Constraint
Foreign key
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL
NOT NULL

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INPUT OF THE PROJECT

As the objective of the project is to provide correct and reliable
information to the farmer about his land for better productivity of
crops, this project requires proper input for processing and provides
error free output. After our study of the system we find out that
these information are necessary for input. They are as :Storing Details of Farmer: Every newly registered Farmar is first
Added to the database to get available to the SOIL TEST LAB
katihar. The Farmer & SOIL detail is inputted to database through a
well-designed Input/Output window.
Storing Details of Soil Sample: In this, the details about Soil
Sample is being maintained. From the types of soil and situation of
land details, the operator can have detailed information about soil,
overall soil test etc. for the actual growth.
Storing Details of SOIL TEST: The inputted data that is Soil test
is being maintained. The PH status & OC% will give well result of
soil test . The operator has to input only the information of testing
of soil which is tested by the scientist of the laboratory through
machines.And rest of the information will be extracted by the
databse.
Thus after requirement analysis we out these
three information table for input.

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OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT

The output of the project is to view all the records
stored in different tables in a very logical manner so that the
information from that tables/register can be easily understandable
and highly illustrative even represented in a brief format. The
outputs of the records are arranged in two ways:
1.Listing of records of individual table:
Each Soil Sample Information can be listed one by
one. The operator has given

facilities to search the availability of

Soil Sample. Also, there exists a

listing of records about the details

of currently registered Soil Test as well as details of the Soil Sample

who are already registered that specific date.
The record of each Soil sample can be viewed one by
one. Also, the operator can search a specific soil sample record
according to the criteria given there in. The output screen of soil
also displays about list of soil currently searched or unsearched.
2.Reports can be generated according to the table available:
The output of the records can also be viewed as reports, such
as:
(A)

Overall information by daily, monthly or yearly.

(B)

Reports based on block wise.

(C)

Reports based on PH status of Soil.

(D)

Reports based on OC percentage.

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(E)

Reports based on types of Soil. etc

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PROCESS LOGIC:The main work of the Soil Sample Investigation Parameter is

to test the quality of the soil and help the farmer to improve their
productivity of the land.

For this work registers (or tables in

computerized term) are maintained. There exist many tables. All

the processes for inputting and outputting record, except issueing a
fertilizers, are just record keeping. Data is accepted from the
farmers through the operator and the same is saved on to the
secondary storage device. To issue a fertilizer from Soil Sample
Investigation Parameter to the farmer, following steps are followed:
1.

First the farmer detail is checked from the farmer detail table
to check the validation of the farmer.

2.

Second operator consider about the soil sample that is which

soil is belongs to which farmer Id and what is the condition
this soil .

3.

After that operator is going for result .He see that which type
of soil is given which type of result, how is this result is
coming through the soil test.

4.

After that we have consider about soil test that is which soil
test is contain which element and how much quantity i:e that
is the PH status the soil and what is percentage of OC and etc.

5.

Then we coming on report according to soil test.We prepare

the report according to percentage and state of elements is
which getting by soil test.

6.

After that we can categorize each soil sample according to

farmer details and plot no distribute to farmers according to farmer

id and farmer name which present in system database. These
modularization can be shown in figure easily:-

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Farmer
details

Soil
Sample

User
Validation

Simple
User

Testin
g

Administrato
r

Recommendation
s

Testin
g
Result

Repor
t

Reports
For
farmer

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Reports
For
office

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LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

Due to the time limitation some of the features
that could have been explored have not been used. The Project
entitled Soil Sample Investigation System will be able to give
information of Fertilizer to its users. But as any other application it
has certain limitation. The user will not be able book through
internet (online). Further there can be implementation of Enhanced
database for handling advance features like online details, Employee
Management

system,

and

complete

information

system.

Categorization of the documents cannot be done. The Website

hasnt any search engine.
This main purpose is fulfilled with the help of this project. If the
organization has any other requirement, it is also possible to add
some extra requirement in this project.
1) We have assumed to maintain the records
online
2) We have assume that user log into the
package are categories various levels.
3) Currently this system is being developed on
the system with java as Front-end and
oracle10g as back end.
4) This system will follow the rules and regulation
of organization.

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TOOLS / PLATFORMS / LANGUAGES TO

BE USED
MINIMUM HARDWARE REQUIRED

Intel (or equivalent) Pentium 500 MHZ processor or

more

256 MB RAM

10 GB HARD DISK.

One printer

MINIMUM SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

O/S WINDOWS XP.

FRONT END TOOLS- JAVA

BACK END TOOLSoracle10g

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CLIENT
This Software is to be made for
District Soil Test Laboratory, Katihar

This Proposal was Accepted From

Director of
District Soil Test Laboratory, Katihar

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FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This is versatile and flexible system and can be easily
modified to suit the requirement of any other Company in future.
The site has been designed in such a way that hierarchy
modification / additional capabilities can be affected at any level.
The dynamic screen of the system can also be modified easily to
meet the specific requirement of any new client.
The Modules and reports of project are arranged in such that (i.e. in
Menu driven form) further any additional modules and reports can
be added after the Request of management of Soil Test Laboratory,
katihar
There are following future scope, which consists of this
application The development of this software has been done
keeping in mind the future scope of this application. I find that it
has good prospects in the future also. I find it is getting solved the
work of the Soil Test Laboratory, katihar. After development of this
software, I can say that the complete work of Soil Test Laboratory
would be under control and easier to handle. Keeping in mind the
needs of the Laboratory, which may crop up in the near future, I
have tried and introduced certain features, which may be required
by the Laboratory, and so at that time implementation can be done
without any problems. Right now I have developed this software
keeping in mind just of The Laboratory, but this job can be done
countrywide. It will run successfully, it can be distributed to other
Laboratory too.

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