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    The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution
    The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution
    The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution
    Ebook279 pages2 hours

    The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution

    By Victor Leiva

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    About this ebook

    The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution presents the statistical theory, methodology, and applications of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, a very flexible distribution for modeling different types of data (mainly lifetime data).

    The book describes the most recent theoretical developments of this model, including properties, transformations and related distributions, lifetime analysis, and shape analysis. It discusses methods of inference based on uncensored and censored data, goodness-of-fit tests, and random number generation algorithms for the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution, also presenting existing and future applications.

    • Introduces inference in the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution
    • Provides a comprehensive review of the statistical theory and methodology of the Birnbaum-Distribution
    • Discusses different applications of the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution
    • Explains characterization and the lifetime analysis
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherAcademic Press
    Release dateOct 26, 2015
    ISBN9780128038277
    The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution

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      Book preview

      The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution - Victor Leiva

      126

      Preface

      The objective of this book is to provide an overview of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution and some of its probabilistic and statistical features, as well as its extension to regression analysis, diagnostics, and goodness of fit. A differentiating aspect of this book is the presentation of codes in the R programming language for analyzing data sets under the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution and related regression models. The R language is a noncommercial and open-source software package for statistical computing and graphics that can be obtained at no cost from http://www.R-project.org.

      The genesis of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution was motivated by problems of vibration in commercial aircrafts causing fatigue in materials. It is also known as the fatigue-life distribution and has been widely applied to fatigue and reliability studies. However, its field of application has been extended beyond the original context of material fatigue and reliability analysis. The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution is now a natural model in many situations where the accumulation of a certain factor forces a quantifiable characteristic to exceed a critical threshold. A few examples of cases in which this distribution can be used are:

      (i) Migration of metallic flaws in nano-circuits due to heat in a computer chip.

      (ii) Accumulation of deleterious substances in the lungs from air pollution.

      (iii) Ingestion by humans of toxic chemicals from industrial waste.

      (iv) Occurrence of chronic cardiac diseases and different types of cancer due to cumulative damage caused by several risk factors, which produce degradation and conduct to a fatigue process.

      (v) Air quality due to an accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere over time.

      (vi) Generation of action potentials in neural activity.

      (vii) Late human mortality due to how the risk of death occurs at a late stage of human life.

      (viii) Occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis.

      All these problems seem to be more amenable to statistical analyses based on the fatigue-life or Birnbaum–Saunders distribution than based on a classic distribution.

      The text is organized in six chapters. In Chapter 1, we detail the history of life distributions, how the fatigue processes are developed and the genesis and mathematical derivation of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution. In Chapter 2, we characterize the more relevant properties and continue to introduce moments and simulation aspects of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution. In Chapter 3, we discuss procedures to infer and estimate parameters of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution based on maximum likelihood, moment and graphical methods, considering censored and uncensored data. In Chapter 4, we study regression models with errors following the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution and diagnostic tools for these models. In Chapter 5, we present goodness-of-fit methods and criteria of model selection for the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution. In Chapter 6, we describe several real-world data sets modeled with the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution and analyze them with an implementation in R code.

      Chapter 1

      Genesis of the Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution

      Abstract

      In this chapter, a background and the history of life distributions, as well as some of its indicators, such as the failure rate and reliability function, are provided. In addition, we detail how the fatigue processes are developed and the genesis and mathematical derivation of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution. Furthermore, a connection between this distribution and the law of proportionate effects is discussed. Moreover, several real-world applications of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution are mentioned.

      Keywords

      cumulative damage models

      failure or hazard rate

      fatigue

      law of proportionate effects

      life distributions

      lifetime data

      reliability or survival function.

      1.1 Introduction

      In general, the literature related to statistical methods and models for lifetime data recognizes the concept lifetime as a positive continuous random variable representing the time until the occurrence of some event of interest. However, in some occasions, the aging of items (e.g., components, systems, subsystems, specimens, structures, organs, units) is not measured in chronological terms. In such occasions, the lifetime is measured by means of other random variables. For example, the amount of kilometers traveled, strength of material specimens until its rupture, level of degradation, flexibility of an adhesive, and number of cycles until a material specimen fails caused by fatigue (fatigue-life). In addition, the terminology lifetime random variable, which we denote hereafter by T, is widely used for referring to any positive continuous random variable (e.g., amount of rain water or contaminant concentration). Any probabilistic model associated with a lifetime random variable is often called a life distribution. For more details about life distributions, the interested reader is referred to Marshall and Olkin

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