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E-11

EXAMPLE E.2

BUILT-UP COLUMN WITH A SLENDER WEB

Given:

Verify that a built-up, ASTM A572 Grade 50 column with PL1 in. 8 in. flanges and a PL4 in. 15 in. web is
sufficient to carry a dead load of 70 kips and live load of 210 kips in axial compression. The column length is 15
ft and the ends are pinned in both axes.

Solution:

From AISC Manual Table 2-5, the material properties are as follows:
Built-Up Column
ASTM A572 Grade 50
Fy = 50 ksi
Fu = 65 ksi
The geometric properties are as follows:
Built-Up Column
d = 17.0 in.
bf = 8.00 in.
tf = 1.00 in.
h = 15.0 in.
tw = 4 in.
From Chapter 2 of ASCE/SEI 7, the required compressive strength is:
LRFD
Pu = 1.2(70 kips) + 1.6(210 kips)
= 420 kips

ASD
Pa = 70 kips + 210 kips
= 280 kips

Built-Up Section Properties (ignoring fillet welds)


A = 2(8.00 in.)(1.00 in.) + 15.0 in.(4 in.)
= 19.8 in.2

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E-12

Iy =

2 (1.00 in.)( 8.00 in.)


4

12

15.0 in. (4 in.)

12

= 85.4 in.
ry =

Iy
A

85.4 in.4
19.8 in.2
= 2.08 in.

I x = Ad 2 +

bh3
12

= 2 ( 8.00 in.2 ) ( 8.00 in.) +


2

(4 in.)(15.00 in.)
12

2 ( 8.00 in.)(1.00 in.)

12

= 1,100 in.4

Elastic Flexural Buckling Stress

From AISC Specification Commentary Table C-A-7.1, for a pinned-pinned condition, K = 1.0.
Because the unbraced length is the same for both axes, the y-y axis will govern by inspection.
KLy 1.0 (15.0 ft ) 12.0 in.
=

2.08 in. ft
ry
= 86.5

Fe =

2 E
KL

(Spec. Eq. E3-4)

2 (29, 000 ksi)

(86.5)

= 38.3 ksi
Elastic Critical Torsional Buckling Stress

Note: Torsional buckling generally will not govern if KLy KLz; however, the check is included here to illustrate
the calculation.
From the User Note in AISC Specification Section E4,
I y ho 2
Cw =
4
85.4 in.4 (16.0 in.) 2
=
4
= 5,470 in.6

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E-13

From AISC Design Guide 9, Equation 3.4,


bt 3
J=
3
2 ( 8.00 in.)(1.00 in.) + (15.0 in.)(4 in.)
3

= 5.41 in4

2 ECw
1
Fe =
+ GJ
2
( K z L )
I x +I y

(Spec. Eq. E4-4)

2 ( 29, 000 ksi) ( 5, 470in.6 )

+ (11, 200 ksi) ( 5.41in.4 )


=
2
4
4
+
1,100in.
85.4in.

(1.0 )(15ft )(12 )

= 91.9 ksi > 38.3 ksi

Therefore, the flexural buckling limit state controls.


Use Fe = 38.3 ksi.
Slenderness

Check for slender flanges using AISC Specification Table B4.1a, then determine Qs, the unstiffened element
(flange) reduction factor using AISC Specification Section E7.1.
Calculate kc using AISC Specification Table B4.1b note [a].
4
kc =
h tw
=

15.0 in. 4 in.


= 0.516, which is between 0.35 and 0.76
For the flanges,
b
=
t
4.00in.
=
1.00 in.
= 4.00
Determine the flange limiting slenderness ratio, r, from AISC Specification Table B4.1a case 2
kc E
r = 0.64
Fy
= 0.64

0.516 ( 29, 000 ksi )


50 ksi

= 11.1
< r ; therefore, the flange is not slender and Qs = 1.0.

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E-14

Check for a slender web, then determine Qa, the stiffened element (web) reduction factor using AISC
Specification Section E7.2.
h
t
15.0 in.
=
4 in.
= 60.0

Determine the slender web limit from AISC Specification Table B4.1a case 5
E
r = 1.49
Fy
= 1.49

29, 000 ksi


50 ksi

= 35.9
> r ; therefore, the web is slender
A
Qa = e
Ag
where Ae = effective area based on the reduced effective width, be

(Spec. Eq. E7-16)

For AISC Specification Equation E7-17, take f as Fcr with Fcr calculated based on Q = 1.0.
Select between AISC Specification Equations E7-2 and E7-3 based on KL/ry.
KL/r = 86.5 as previously calculated
4.71

E
29, 000 ksi
= 4.71
QFy
1.0 ( 50 ksi )

= 113 > 86.5


Because

E
KL
M 4.71
,
QFy
r

QFy

Fcr = Q 0.658 Fe Fy

1.0 ( 50 ksi )

= 1.0 0.658 38.3 ksi ( 50 ksi )

= 29.0 ksi

be = 1.92t

E
f

(Spec. Eq. E7-2)

0.34 E
1
b, where b = h
( b t ) f

= 1.92 (4 in.)

29, 000 ksi


29.0 ksi

0.34
29, 000 ksi
1
15.0 in.
29.0 ksi
(15.0 in. 4 in.)

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(Spec. Eq. E7-17)

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E-15

= 12.5 in. < 15.0 in.; therefore, compute Ae with reduced effective web width
Ae = be tw + 2b f t f
= 12.5 in. (4 in.) + 2 ( 8.00 in.)(1.00 in.)

= 19.1 in.2
Ae
A
19.1 in.2
=
19.8 in.2
= 0.965

Qa =

(Spec. Eq. E7-16)

Q = QsQa from AISC Specification Section E7


= 1.00(0.965)
= 0.965
Flexural Buckling Stress

Determine whether AISC Specification Equation E7-2 or E7-3 applies.


KL/r = 86.5 as previously calculated
4.71

E
29, 000 ksi
= 4.71
QFy
0.965(50 ksi)

= 115 > 86.5


Therefore, AISC Specification Equation E7-2 applies.
QFy

Fcr = Q 0.658 Fe

Fy

(Spec. Eq. E7-2)

0.965( 50 ksi )

= 0.965 0.658 38.3 ksi ( 50 ksi )

= 28.5 ksi

Nominal Compressive Strength


Pn = FcrAg
= 28.5 ksi(19.8 in.2)
= 564 kips

(Spec. Eq. E7-1)

From AISC Specification Section E1, the available compressive strength is:
LRFD

c = 0.90
c Pn = 0.90 ( 564 kips )
= 508 kips > 420 kips

o.k.

ASD
c = 1.67
Pn 564 kips
=
1.67
c
= 338 kips > 280 kips

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o.k.

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