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Seeding Research to Solve Intractable Social Problems

04/25/2016 01:34 pm ET | Updated Apr 25, 2016

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Carnegie Corporation of New York

Philanthropic foundation focused on Andrew
Carnegies priorities: international peace, the
advancement of education and knowledge,
and the strength of our democracy.

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The challenges to civilization seem to grow more urgent by the dayfrom climate
change to racism, to terrorism and income inequality. Solutions are dicult to
come by. To address these complex issues successfully, society as a whole must

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understand their causes and consequences. This is where social science and
humanities scholarship can play a signicant role.
In April, the Andrew Carnegie Fellows Program awarded $6.6 million to seed the
work of a diverse group of 33 scholars from public and private universities across
the country. The winners were selected by distinguished panel of jurors based on
the originality and potential impact of their proposals. Each fellow will receive
$200,000 to pursue scholarly research. The goal of the fellows program, supported
by Carnegie Corporation of New York, is to invest in innovative work in the social

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sciences and humanities that will provide new perspectives on the critical issues of
our day.

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We reviewed proposals from the nations preeminent scholars and thinkers, as

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well as from the next generation of promising thinkers and writers, says Susan
Hockeld, president emerita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who
chaired the panel of 16 jurors. This years fellows represent a remarkable range of
institutions and organizations, and all share a determination to bring new insights
to their elds of study.
The large number of truly outstanding proposals makes the jurys task dicult,
she adds, but it also renews our condence that social science and humanistic

perspectives willand mustcontribute to designing solutions to todays most

complex challenges.

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The proposals illustrate a broad range of subject matter, each with the potential to
change policies, laws and social norms. Among the winning proposals:
How a person becomes better prepared to kill another human being.
Through a study of gun clubs and gun schools in Texas and Massachusetts, Harel
Shapira, an ethnographer at the University of Texas at Austin, examines the
cultural, economic, and political trends that make rearms a justiable necessity
for many Americans. The goal is to provide insights into the growing phenomenon
of Americans carrying rearms for self-defense. These schools oer us a window

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into a world in which this uneasy relationship between democracy and violence
materializes in practice, says Shapira. Moving beyond existing research on gun
ownership, Shapira examines gun schools as a key site in contemporary America
where ideas about danger and violence are inculcated and disseminated, and
where citizens train their minds and bodies to kill.
Archiving hundreds of cold-case murders. Margaret Burnham, a law professor
at Northeastern University and the rst female, African American judge in
Massachusetts, is completing an archive of 400 unsolved murder cases from the

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South, dating from 1930 to 1970, thought to have been racially motivated. In
addition to providing a sense of closure for the families and communities, the
archival process creates collective and shared memories of a consequential
past, according to Burnham. And it helps to foster reconciliation and to
transform individual memories of traumatic experiences into ocial history. Sound
evidence of historic injustice that stimulates public discourses of repair can shape
and frame academic research in multiple elds.
The nexus between the economy and climate change. Yale University
economist William Nordhaus examines the dynamic between the climate change

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tipping point of no return and a model that predicts the danger to the earths
environment based on a countrys economic growth and CO2 emissions.
Nordhauss work focuses on what is arguably the worlds most important
challenge- understanding and responding to climate change, said Tamor Szabo
Gendler, Yales Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, who nominated
Nordhaus for the fellowship. He added that Nordhaus is well known for combining
economics, earth science, and mathematical modeling to measure the impact of
climate change.

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Why African Nations Fail and How to Fix It. Landry Sign of the University of
Alaska in Anchorage will conduct a comparative analysis of 48 countries in SubSaharan Africa, investigating their politics, economies, governance, development,
and peace processes, as well the role of international actors on the continent.
Sign, who was born in Cameroon, will develop a comprehensive statistical
database spanning more than a half-century and use it to examine why certain
African nations succeed while others fail. His conclusions will shed light on areas
ranging from economic growth and the alleviation of poverty, to the development
and nurturing of democracy.

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Adapting the Muslim culture of refugees to a new European reality. John

Bowen of Washington University in St. Louis will study how Muslim immigrants
who have settled in European countries are adapting their religious and cultural
traditions and practices to their new situations. Carrying out what he calls
practical convergences involves nding a delicate balance that allows Muslim
immigrants to adopt compromises without abandoning doctrinal positions, he
says. Given the recent inux of refugees from the Middle East and Africa, his work
is particularly timely.
Other research topics being pursued by the 2016 fellows include economic and
demographic shifts in rural America; the potential of abolishing and replacing the
prison system; reforms to the judge-selection process; a new vision of a postimperial Middle East and its implications for democracy and world order; an in-

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depth look at refugee and asylum issues in Europe and the U.S. to determine
eective and humane immigration integration and management; the changing
nature of war and what winning looks like today; and the examination of
alternatives to the United Nations and how to make it more creative and eective.
Throughout its more than 100-year history, the Corporation has supported many
individual scholars and their research. In the 1930s, Gunnar Myrdals An American
Dilemma had a signicant impact on race relations and was inuential in the U.S.

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Supreme Courts decision in Brown v. Board of Education. In the 1960s and 1970s,
the Corporation funded the early works of major scholars such as Robert Caro,
who wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Power Broker.
Between 2000 and 2009, the Corporation supported the Carnegie Scholars
program, which awarded 168 fellowships to scholars across a broad range of
disciplines, including 117 scholars with expertise on the challenges facing Islam
and the Muslim world. Many of these scholars are now among the top experts in
their elds.

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The new cohort of 33 Carnegie Fellows follows in this tradition. The anticipated
result of each fellowship is the publication of a book or major study. Learn more
about the 2016 fellowship class at Carnegie.org
PHOTO CREDIT: Sverine Autesserre, Barnard College, Columbia University

Follow Carnegie Corporation of New York on Twitter:

www.twitter.com/CarnegieCorp

More:

Higher Education

Andrew Carnegie

Social Sciences

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