Viral

Diseases
What are viruses?
Viruses are tiny, ranging in size from about 20 to 400
nanometers in diameter. Billions can fit on the head of a
pin.
Have various shapes: rod, round, 20-sided, some even
have multi-sided heads and cylindrical tails
Responsible for a lot of diseases like the common cold,
measles, chicken pox, genital herpes, and influenza.
Are packets of DNA/RNA surrounded by a protein shell and
sometimes lipids.
Are dormant outside a living cell because they lack the raw
materials for reproduction.
Go into action only when it enters a host cell. They hijack
the cells metabolic machinery to produce copies of itself
that may burst out of infected cells or simply bud off a cell
membrane.

TWO KINDS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE

1.) Innate immune response is a response against the virus, which
involves the synthesis of proteins called interferon and the
stimulation of "natural killer" lymphocytes. This consists of proteins
and cells that are always present and ready to mobilize and fight
microbes at the site of infection (Fisher, 2016).
2.) Adaptive immune response, protects against pathogens that
are able to evade or overcome innate immune defenses (Fisher,
2016).
CATE GO RY
Category 1(Acute) includes all cases for which the person
gets sick and then either dies or recovers completely, with the
elimination of all virus from the body.
For categories 2-4, the initial infection may be acute or
inapparent, but the body's immune response does not clear the
virus completely, and things proceed to one of these situations,
where there may be very little (latent), some (chronic/persistent),
or abundant (progressive) virus replication going on during the rest
of the person's life. There is some overlap and ambiguity in these
terms, but they are useful categorizations nonetheless.

KINDS OF VIRUS
CHICKENPOX
Chickenpox (varicella), is a type of viral illness which is
characterized by a very itchy red rash, and is one of the common
infectious diseases during childhood. It is usually mild in children
but there is a risk of serious complications, such as bacterial
pneumonia (WebMd, 2009).
What causes chickenpox?

Chickenpox is caused by the herpes varicella-zoster

virus. It is spread by droplets from a sneeze or cough, or by
contact with the clothing, bed linens or oozing blisters of an
infected person. The onset of symptoms is 10 to 21 days after
exposure. The disease is most contagious a day or two before the
rash appears and until the rash is completely dry and scabbed
over (WebMd, 2009).
.
What are the treatments for chickenpox?
Aciclovir is prescription antiviral drug that is effective
way of shortening the duration of chickenpox symptoms.
This drug may be recommended for certain people with
chickenpox, such as pregnant women, those with a
weakened immune system, and adults who seek medical
advice within 24 hours of the rash appearing.
Most cases of chickenpox require little or no treatment
beyond treating the symptoms

INFLUENZA
Flu is a common infectious viral illness spread by
coughs and sneezes. It can be very unpleasant, but you'll usually
begin to feel better within about a week (NHS, 2015).
Some of the main symptoms of flu: (a high temperature (fever)
of 38C (100.4F) or above, tiredness and weakness, a headache,
general aches and pains, a dry, chesty cough and sore throat).
What are the treatments for influenza?
Theres usually no need to see the doctor if you have flulike symptoms. The best remedy is to rest at home, keep warm
and drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration.
You can take paracetamol or ibuprofen to lower a high
temperature and relieve aches if necessary. It is advisable to stay
away from others to avoid infecting them. The best way to prevent
catching the flu is by getting vaccinated every year.
Other types of flu
Bird (avian) flu a type of flu spread among birds that
affects humans in rare cases.
Swine flu the type of flu that was responsible for the flu
pandemic in 2009-10.
Gastric flu (gastroenteritis) an infection of the
digestive system, which can be caused by bacteria or
viruses such as the norovirus.
You can catch flu short for influenza all year round, but it's
especially common in winter, which is why it's also known as
"seasonal flu".
REFERENCES
(2016). How Pathogens Make Us Sick. The National Academy of Sciences.
Retrieved from http://needtoknow.nas.edu/id/in fection/ microbetypes/viruses//.
Crosta, Peter M. (2015). What is a Virus? What is a Viral Infection?. MediLexicon
International Ltd, Bexhill-on-Sea, UK. Retrieved from http://www.
medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158179.php.
Fisher, Patrick. (2016). The innate and adaptive immune systems. Retrieved from
http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/immunology_module/prologue/o
bjectives/obj02.html.

ANTOLINO, BARCENA, FALLAR, GRANTOZA, MACATANGAY FERNANDO, MAURICIO, MONTERO, OSIS, SERRANO & SUMALPONG

NHS. (2016).Flu. Retrieved from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Flu /Pages

/Introduction.aspx.
Vidyasagar, Aparna. (2016). What Are Viruses?. LiveScience. Retrived from
http://www.livescience.com/53272-what-is-a-virus.html.

WebMd. (2009). Chickenpox: Picture, symptoms, treatment and prevention.

WebMD UK Limited and Boots UK Limited. Retrieved from
http://www.webmd.boots.com/children/guide/chickenpoxsymptoms.

ANTOLINO, BARCENA, FALLAR, GRANTOZA, MACATANGAY FERNANDO, MAURICIO, MONTERO, OSIS, SERRANO & SUMALPONG