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You can see that 4 diodes are connected in a bridge kind of structure and the oscilloscope is connected
across the resistor to observe the voltage waveforms across the resistor.
Here the components used are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
When we run the simulation, only 2 diodes will conduct in each half cycle and will give rise to a voltage
waveform which doesnt contains any negative half of the original sinusoidal waveform. You can see the
waveforms in the image given below:
After measuring using a probe, the rms voltage across the resistor is found to be 6.88V. So 10V signal is
converted to 6.88V signal without having any negative cycle. Rest of the voltage i.e. (10-6.88) = 3.12V is
the voltage drop across the diodes. Voltage drop across each diode is 1.56V.
But in practical dc application, we cant use a DC with such a heavy ripples. So to reduce the ripples, we
can make use of capacitors.
These ripple reducing capacitors are often termed as smoothening capacitor. In the circuit below, you can
see that the electrolytic capacitor of 100uF has been connected in parallel to the resistor. This capacitor
performs charging and discharging operation and converts the full wave rippled output to a smooth DC
output across the resistor. The circuit with a smoothening capacitor is shown below:
The value of the capacitor shouldnt be very small, otherwise it will not be effective in reducing the ripple
to the required extent. Choosing an appropriate value can result in a very smooth DC output. In the image
given below, you can see that 100uF capacitor works perfect with this circuit giving a perfectly smooth DC
output. You can try simulating using a 100nF or other lesser valued capacitor, you will find the ripples
which can be used to study the charging and discharging operations of the capacitor. The output
waveforms are shown below:
After measurement using a probe, it is found that the rms voltage across the resistor in this case is 8.26V.
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