Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. INTRODUCTION
Roads are the permanent assets built at huge capital investment for the safe and efficient
movement of goods and passenger traffic. However, the intended purpose of the roads would
not be fulfilled if it is not maintained properly. Poor road conditions not only invite public
criticism but also cause huge loss to the nation in terms of excessive usage of fuel and time.
Timely and adequate maintenance inputs extend the pavement life and reduce the road user
cost. The poor condition with pot holes are the source of public criticism and cost much more
to the road users also besides highway profession.
Flexible pavements with bituminous surfacing are mostly used for construction of roads in India
due to their cost effectiveness, ease in construction, maintenance and scope for stage
construction. Hot mixed bituminous materials are generally used for construction and
maintenance of wearing course of flexible pavements.
To the road user, pot holes are one of the most visible and annoying forms of bituminous
pavement deterioration. Potholes have always been a problem for highway maintenance
organizations because their treatment is very costly and time-consuming. The problem can
reach enormous proportions during cold, wet periods of the year, when pothole repair is made
more difficult because of adverse weather and the large number of potholes that seem to
appear at one time.
The formation of pot holes and ravelling of aggregate due to stripping is inevitable in rainy
season in bituminous surfacing. The patching of ravelled and cracked pavement surface during
service life is an important activity of routine maintenance. The patch work is also undertaken
for rectification if distress such as map and alligator cracking, depression, shoving, failed
patches, utility cuts and potholes. It is well known that the major cost of patching lies in
preparing and placing the patch rather than the cost of the patching materials. Therefore, it is
desirable that the process of patching should be simple and use good quality cold mix materials
to make patches last long.
Page 1
The cold mixes are composed of liquid bituminous binders and aggregates that need not to be
heated. The mixtures are stockpiled until needed and used cold in any season.
The present report deals with laboratory evaluation of a ready-to-use patching material Inssta
Pattch, manufactured and marketed by M/s Akshay Innovations Private Limited, Nagpur.
2. IMPORTANCE OF READYTOUSE PATCHING MIXES
Repair of heavily trafficked roads and highway pavements is very difficult using the
conventional materials and procedures. This not only causes inconvenience to the road users,
also are generally not very satisfactory. For such locations, ready-to-use patching materials are
essential for the regular maintenance of the pavements and cause minimal disturbance to the
traffic. Ready-to-use patching materials have various advantages, such as :
Ready-to-use patching mixes need very little time for application at site
Pavement becomes traffic worthy soon after application. No curing period is required
A very common problem of urban areas is repair of utility cuts in the pavement. These
mixes provide quick and efficient repair with the least interference with traffic.
Page 2
The project started in the month of May, 2011 after the charges were received and DRRI
approval was obtained on 2nd May, 2011.
3.2 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to evaluate Inssta Pattch cold mix materials through
laboratory testing and semi-field studies to check its suitability for use as a repair material.
All the results presented below are the average of 2-3 samples.
Flexible Pavement Division. CRRI, New Delhi
Page 3
13.2
100.0
9.5
100.0
4.75
87.6
2.36
24.5
0.300
1.4
0.075
1.1
Page 4
maintenance and paving. However, since Inssta Pattch is to be used for maintenance purpose
only, so the requirements corresponding to maintenance for cutback based cold mixes are
taken for comparison with the results obtained in the laboratory.
For study of stability of Inssta Pattch cold mix, Marshall samples were prepared at ambient
temperature using 75 blows on each side. The samples were de-moulded after 24 hours from
the Marshall moulds. The samples were then tested for bulk density, stability and flow values
(at 25 C) and the results are given in Table 2.
Table 2 : Results of Bulk Density, Stability and Flow of Inssta Pattch Cold Mix (at 25 C)
Property
Test Result
2.403
2.396
Stability, kN
4.8
Flow Value, mm
6.5
2 (Minimum)
Page 5
upright. Place a lid on the sieve so that the sample is contained with the lid on one side and
the mesh on the other.
(e) Roll the sieve back and forth with the sample inside. The sieve should roll approximately
305 mm (12 inch) in each direction. The rolling continues for 20 passes, at approximately
one second per pass.
(f) After rolling, place the sieve horizontally with the mesh down. There should be enough
space to allow loose material to fall through the mesh. After 10 seconds in this position, the
sieve and lid should be turned over so that the material left in the sieve falls onto the lid.
(g) Weigh the material retained on the sieve. Calculate the percent of material lost as given
below :
Percent lost =
100
The Ontario report stated that a loss of more than 35 percent was unacceptable.
The original laboratory procedure suggested by Ontario Ministry of Transportation
recommends the test temperature of -10 C. However, such extreme cold temperatures are not
experienced in India. So, it was decided to conduct the test at three different temperatures viz.,
10 C, 25 C and 40 C to represent the cold, medium and hot climatic conditions prevailing in
most of the parts of the country. The test apparatus is shown in Figure 1 and the test results of
rolling sieve test are presented in Table 3.
Table 3 : Rolling Sieve Test Results
Test Temperature
Initial Weight, g
Final Weight, g
Percent Loss
10 C
994.3
926.6
6.81
25 C
998.5
949.3
4.93
40 C
984.2
956.5
2.81
It can be seen from the above Table that the loss of the material for all the three temperatures,
viz., 10 C, 25 C and 40 C is less than the recommended limit of 35 %.
Flexible Pavement Division. CRRI, New Delhi
Page 6
Page 7
cooled at room temperature and the extent of stripping is estimated visually while specimen is
still under water.
The stripping value was calculated as given below :
Stripping Value (in %) =
Page 8
specimens were kept in water bath maintained at 25C for 4 days, i.e. 96 hours, and thereafter
tested for stability value. The results are reported as the percentage of Marshall Stability
determined in normal condition of the test. The results are presented in Table 4.
Table 4 : Results of Retained Stability Test
S.
No.
Marshall
Stability (at
25 C)
Marshall Stability
(after soaking in
water for 4 days at
25 C)
Retained
Stability (%)
Average
Retained
Stability (%)
Specified
Limits as per
MORT&H,
2001
505
392
77.6
77.3
75
485
367
75.7
481
378
78.6
It can be seen from the above Table that the Average Retained Stability obtained is more than
the specified limit of 75 % as per MoRT&H, 2001 specifications.
4.2.7 Bond Test
For the determination of bond strength between Inssta Pattch and existing surface, twin
Marshall specimens were casted using 50 % conventional bituminous concrete and remaining
with Inssta Pattch in cold condition with 75 blows on one side of the sample. The shear test was
conducted by applying load on Inssta Pattch portion of the specimen, at the joint, with a 25 mm
wide loading strip having curved surface inside. The average shear strength of 3 samples was
found to be 1.7 kg/cm2. This indicates good bond strength with existing surface using Inssta
Pattch cold mix. The test setup for the bond test is shown in Figure 2. Photos 2 to 4 show the
samples prepared for bond test, test setup and failed samples.
Page 9
Figure 2 : A typical set up for determination of bond strength by shear test between two
bituminous layers
Old Surface
Inssta Pattch
Surface
Page 10
Page 11
Page 12
Page 13
6. CONCLUSIONS
The Inssta Pattch cold mix is found suitable as ready-made mix for repair and maintenance of
bituminous roads specially for filling of potholes and utility cuts, as the various properties of the
mix such as stability, bond strength, moisture susceptibility and retained stability have been
found satisfactory and meeting the requirements as per the available specifications. The results
of limited field study indicate acceptable performance. The Inssta Pattch ready-mix is,
therefore, recommended for repair of potholes, ravelled surface and utility cuts in roads.
Page 14
References
1. IS:2720 (Part 4) 1985 (Reaffirmed 2006), Methods of Test for Soils Grain Size Analysis,
Second Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1986.
2. MoRT&H, 2001, Specifications for Road and Bridges Works, Fourth Revision, Ministry of
Road Transport and Highways, Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi, 2001.
3. ASTM D 1559, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous
Mixtures using Marshall Apparatus, American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, Volume 04.03, 2004.
4. ASTM D 4867, Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete paving
Mixtures, American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Volume 04.03, 2004.
5. ASTM D 2172, Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from
Bituminous Paving Mixtures, American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of
ASTM Standards, Volume 04.03, 2004.
6. ASTM D 3625, Standard Practice for Effect of Water on Bituminous Coated Aggregate
Using Boiling Water, American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Volume 04.03, 2004.
7. IS:6241-1971 (Reaffirmed 2003), Method of Test for Determination of Stripping Value of
Road Aggregates, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2003.
8. Asphalt Cold Mix Manual, Manual Series 14 (MS-14), 3rd Edition, Asphalt Institute, USA,
1989.
9. Wilson, Thomas P. And Romine, A. Russell, Innovative Materials Development and Testing
Volume 2 : Pothole Repair, Report No. SHRP-H-353, Strategic Highway Research Program,
National Research Council, Washington D.C., 1993.
Page 15