Sig Sigma Green Belt Student Material

ANALYSE Phase

Key Deliverables
Validating the root cause

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Key Deliverables
Overview
Data Analysis Scope
Pareto Chart
Run Chart
Histogram
Box Plot
5-WHY Analysis
Hypothesis Testing
Regression Analysis
ANOVA
Session Summary
Quick Quiz

Agenda

Overview

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(Using variety of Graphical & Statistical Tools to find root causes)

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In the ANALYZE step, a team determines if the process is capable of producing the stakeholders
requirements. If not, consider it iterative until root causes are identified and verified with facts
and data.
The key deliverable from this phase is validate root causes using graphical & numerical tools.
Anything else done in the Analyze phase is a means to get to this end.
The team must choose the right tools to identify these root causes, based on the type of data
that were collected and what the team is trying to determine from the data.
The team answers the following question:
What is wrong with the process?

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Sig Sigma Green Belt Student Material

Run Charts answer the question: Was this process in statistical control for the time period
observed? If the answer is NO, then the process was influenced by SCV and if the answer is YES,
then the long-term performance of the process can be estimated using PCI.
Run Charts are used to understand process variation, analyze data for patterns and monitor
process performance on an ongoing basis.

Histogram

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A histogram is a pictorial representation of a set of data. It is also known as Frequency Plot or

Bar Graph. It is created by grouping the measurements into cells. These groups are usually
called bins.
It helps analyze whether a process can meet customer requirements
Histograms are useful to understand the location, spread and shape of the data i.e. skewed or
not. In addition, potential outliers or missing data can been seen.
Histogram displays the numbers in a way that makes it easy to see the dispersion and central
tendency.

Box Plot

5-WHY Analysis

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It is a display that further summarizes information about the distribution of the values, also
known as Box-and-whisker plot
Instead of plotting actual values, a boxplot displays summary statistics for the distribution. It is a
plot for 25th 50th and 75th percentile i.e. 1st, 2nd & 3rd Quartile.
The lowest boundary of the box is 25th percentile. It is the median of those values below the
median and the 75th percentile is the median of those values above the median.
50th percentile is the median of the overall data set.

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The 5-Whys help you to

Quickly focus on discovering the root cause

Understand the relationship between a problem and its different causes

Before any action is taken, this tool helps identify the source(s) of problem, rather than the
symptom
This technique is particularly useful when the problems involve human behavior or
interactions.
The 5-Whys technique asks WHY five times to drill down and identify the potential root
cause. Applying this method prevents the analysis from stopping with symptoms, which
leads to superficial solutions.

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