Naphthenic Base Lube Oil Manufactured

Via Hydrogenation Process

Reporter ZHEN Xinping ,ZHANG Hong

Written byZHEN Xinping, ZHANG Hong, QIN Benji, LI Rong

CONTENTS
1

Foreword

2
3
4
5

Characteristics of naphthenic heavy oil from Karamay

To manufacture transformer oils via hydrotreating
combined process

To manufacture rubber oil and bright stock oil via highpressure hydrogenation process

Commercialized

1.FOREWORD

In 1980s, about 0.6 billion tons of

reserves of naphthenic base heavy
oil was been discovered in
Karamay.

Naphtenic base heavy oil and

paraffinic base oil distribute
crossly under ground, and lack of
efficient way to separate them.

How to get pure naphthenic base

heavy oil is the most important
precondition for process these two
kinds of crude oil efficiently.

1.FOREWORD
Naphthenic base heavy oil is high in Acid number, low in yield of its light fraction , and
makes equipment corrosive so bad, makes refinery long time operation not safe, lower
economic benefit, even make lower percentage in refined crude oil.
Pure naphthenic heavy oil is low in solidifying point, is high in cycle-alkane content, is
suitable to manufacture special lube oil. To process naphthenic heavy oil at local field is
easier to make resource utilization effectively.
Naphthen
ic Heavy
Oil

Da Qing
Crude
Oil

Density at 20, kg/L

0.939

0.861

Acid Value ,mgKOH/g

9.33

0.03

CCR, m%

5.78

3.2

Colloid, m%

19.11

10.22

Wax, m%

2.38

26.14

Ca, g/g

212

<1

Solidifying Point,

-20

30

Properties

Karamay Naphthenic

High-end

1.FOREWORD
In Karamay Oil Field, about two thousands sets of mining system
and 6 sets of transporting system to ensure naphthenic base
crude oil mined, transported and refined separately in large scale.

Naphthenic
base crude oil

Storing
separately

Collect
crude

Mining
separately

Paraffinic

Collect
crude

For paraffin

Paraffinic
base crude

Transporting
separately

For Naphthenic

Refining
separately

High-end
special lube oil

CONTENTS
1

Foreword

2
3
4
5

Characteristics of naphthenic heavy oil from Karamay

To manufacture transformer oils via hydrotreating
combined process

To manufacture rubber oil and bright stock oil via highpressure hydrogenation process

Commercialized

Karamay
From 9th
Properties
district in
Karamay
Heavy
Oil classification
naphthenic
Density at 20,
928.8
kg/m3
Viscosity at
229.1
50, mm2/s
Solidifying point,
-21

Acid value,
4.72
mgKOH/g

No. 3 Crude oil Huan Xiling From Suizhong

in Karamay
heavy crude
361

Merey Crude
oil in
Venezuela
Heavy
naphthenic

Medium
naphthenic

Heavy
naphthenic

Heavy
naphthenic

883.4

943.4

943.4

959.3

33.01

679

560

206.8

-54

-20

-2

-12

1.82

3.71

3.33

1.24

Sulfur, %

0.1

0.12

0.26

0.39

2.49

Nitrogen, %

0.1

0.41

0.53

0.5

CCR, %

5.5

3.8

4.8

9.1

11.5

Wax, %

1.42

1.05

2.2

1.32

2.4

Colloid, %

23.5

13.3

20.5

21.8

2. Characteristics of Naphthenic Heavy Oil from Karamay

Karamay naphthenic crude oil is very typically, a kind of

heavy oil with low sulfur content, high viscosity, high acid
value, and special in low asphaltene content.

2. Characteristics of Naphthenic Heavy Oil from Karamay

Distillations from Karamay naphthenic crude oil compared with Huan Xinling
and Suzhong 361 heavy crude oil in viscosity and solidifying point

2. Characteristics of Naphthenic Heavy Oil from Karamay

Distillations from Karamay naphthenic crude oil compared with Huan Xinling
and Suzhong 361 heavy crude oil in CA
Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Karamay naphthenic heavy crude oil is

lower, equal to the half of the two others, and is suitable to manufacture

CONTENTS
1

Foreword

2
3
4
5

Characteristics of naphthenic heavy oil from Karamay

To manufacture transformer oils via hydrotreating
combined process

To manufacture rubber oil and bright stock oil via highpressure hydrogenation process

Commercialized

3.To Manufacture Transformer Oils via Hydrotreating

Combined Process
PCA is transformed to ideal component via Hydrotreating
Combined Process

3.To Manufacture Transformer Oils via Hydrotreating

Combined Process
1. Variation Law about how hydrocarbons generate hydrogen and
effects oxidation resistance in high voltage electric field, that work
as important guideline to design catalyst and combined process
H2 evolutionL/min

oxidation stability (RBOT)

min

alkane

+40emit

300

alkane+10% mono-aromatic

+30emit

200

alkane+1% di-aromatics

-10absorb

280

alkane+1% tri-aromatics

+35emit

180

alkane+1% tetra-aromatics

+34emit

150

3.To Manufacture Transformer Oils via Hydrotreating

Combined Process

ooling, Insulation,
limate adaptation, Long
eriod operation,
formation carrier, HSE

alkanes
yclane
ono-aromatics
-aromatics
CA

Low
High
Moderate
Moderate
Low

3.To Manufacture Transformer Oils via Hydrotreating

Combined Process
2. Modified catalyst used under medium pressure, select Alumina
with suitable pore size as carrier, use Ni-W active component,
increase acidity in catalytic, to improve transformed yield about
aromatics.
Ideal component

3.To Manufacture Transformer Oils via Hydrotreating

Combined Process
3. Hydrotreating combined process to manufacture transformer oil, by means
of opertimizing process condition, controlling hydrotreating reaction extent to
improve mono-aromatics and di-aromatics contents about 2 times to solvent
refining process.
Compared data about Aromatic contents and hydrogen evolution in
transformer oil made by different process
properties
Mono-aromatic%
Di-aromatics%
H2 evolutionL/min

Hydrotreating
combined process

Solvent refining
process

improvement%

22.6

8.5

+166

7.0

1.6

+338

-25absorb

+20emit

+225

3.To Manufacture Transformer Oils via Hydrotreating

Combined Process
Aromatic content in transformer base oil will be controlled effectively
via combining this two process; 12 types of products were passed
SIEMENSABB examination and got their certification.

CONTENTS
1

Foreword

2
3
4
5

Characteristics of naphthenic heavy oil from Karamay

To manufacture transformer oils via hydrotreating
combined process

To manufacture rubber oil and bright stock oil via highpressure hydrogenation process

Commercialized

high-pressure hydrogenation process

RHW process is a kind of all hydrogen type high pressure

hydrogenation technique to manufacture naphthenic base lube oil w
low aromatic, which can be used to control aromatics saturated and
hydrogenation extent flexiblely.

high-pressure hydrogenation process

1.RHW process integrate advantages from combined catalytic to

process different raw materials. Its turn round period is more than 3
years.
H2

high-pressure hydrogenation process

1. Invent catalyst RDW-1 used to hydrotreating de-wax, design Molecular

Sieve Pretreatment process to remove alkanes with large molecule, develop
catalyst formed technique to improve its strength, add active metal in catalyst to
enhance its carbon deposition resistance.

0.51-0.57nm

D=0.54nm

high-pressure hydrogenation process

2. Based on reaction chemical mechanism, saturate aromatics at suitable
reaction condition, to get rubber oil and maximum yield.
Vacuum Dist
line 2

KN4006

Vacuum Dist
line 3

KN4010

25

-43

40mm2/s

51.41

45.88

301.6

143.6

100mm2/s

5.648

5.549

13.58

9.866

Flash point

192

195

214

220

Pour point

-21

<-33.0

-7

-24

Nitrogeng/g

267.8

12.9

733.6

7.1

52

<5

623.6

<5

Saturated
hydrocarbons,%

70.62

98.02

71.31

97.51

Aromatics,%

29.38

1.98

28.68

2.49

4.5

Properties
VI

Sulfurg/g

colour

high-pressure hydrogenation process

2. More than 20 kinds of rubber oil have been developed successfully,

which PCA is lower than the most strict limitation of I grade (< 0.2mg/kg)
from EU. And Karamay Petrochemical Co. become famous long-term
appointed rubber oil supplier for rubber manufacturer.
SN

Products

SN

Products

SN

Products

K6H

KNH4008

17

KGN3510

K10H

10

KNH4010

18

KFN3506

YT-6

11

KPH6006

19

KFN3508

YT-10

12

KPH6008

20

KFN3510

KN4006

13

KPH6010

21

KJN360

KN4010

14

KP6030

22

KZ50

KN4012

15

KP6035

23

KZ160

high-pressure hydrogenation process

3. Based on reaction chemical mechanism, control the extent of reaction, make

aromatic saturated and rings opened to get 150 BS with high viscosity and
viscosity index at same time.
properties

DAO

150BS

54

83

74.19

32.25

288

281

Pour point

-12.5

Nitrogeng/g

948.8

5.6

sulfurg/g

1144

5.7

Saturated
hydrocarbons,%

66.84

92.86

Aromatics,%

33.16

7.14

360

VI
100mm2/s
Flash point (O)

Rotating bomb/min

high-pressure hydrogenation process

3. In 2010 year, 119 thousands tons of Bright Stock (API II) was
manufactured and salt out to produce high grade lube oil as important
mixture .

CONTENTS
1

Foreword

2
3
4
5

Characteristics of naphthenic heavy oil from Karamay

To manufacture transformer oils via hydrotreating
combined process

To manufacture rubber oil and bright stock oil via highpressure hydrogenation process

Commercialized

5.COMMERCIALIZED

Transformer
oil
Rubber
oil

Bright
stock

Hydrogenate

Hydrotreating combine

distillate
SDA

A complete industrial chain has been formed in Karamay , from

asphalt

Mix &
modified

5.COMMERCIALIZED

Got CHINA PRODUCT QUALITY

ASSOCIATION awards!

In 2003 year, got Quality prize

medal for naphthenic rubber oil

In 2005 year, got the Quality

for prize medal road asphalt

5.COMMERCIALIZED

Outputs of 2010
Global
thousands ton ranking
1
White naphthenic rubber oil
340

Nynas

Transformer oil

Doble in USA

SN

High-end special lube oil

174

Data from

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