We use ________ to talk about ______.

We form ________ with/by

________.

Zero conditional general truths, laws of nature, event that always or usually
follow each other; Form IF - Present Simple, MAIN Present Simple; example If
you boil water, it turns into steam.
First conditional possible future, giving advice; Form IF - Present Simple,
MAIN will, may, can + infinitive; IF - Present Simple, MAIN Imperative; example
If you finish your homework, you can play outside; If you want to get an A,
study!
Second conditional impossible future, unlikely future, giving advice; Form - IF
Past Simple, MAIN would/could/might + infinitive; IF Past Subjunctive, MAIN
would/could/might + infinitive; example If I won the lottery, I would buy a big
house.; If I were you, I would think of my own story.
Third conditional total unreality in the past; Form IF Past Perfect; MAIN
would/could/might + perfect infinitive; example If I had won the lottery last
week, I would have bought a big house.
Present Simple general truths and rules; routines and habits; permanent
situations and future facts; Form bare infinitive; example Most bears hibernate
in the winter.; Do you swim every weekend?; The train leaves in twenty minutes.
Present Continous talk about activities happening at the time of speaking;
temporary activities and habits; personal arrangements for the future; Form
am/are/is (to be) + bare infinitive + ing; example He's having a shower.; I'm
looking after my friend's baby.; We're flying back on Saturday.
Past Simple single or repeated events in the past when we know when they
happened; Form infinitive + ed, or 2nd column; example I washed my car
yesterday.; He ate a box of chocolate last night.
Past Continous activities continued for some time in the past, especially to
show a longer activity that was interrupted; background activities; Form
was/were (Past Simple of to be) + bare infinitive + ing; example I was having a
shower, when the phone rang.; We were walking along the beach chatting.
Suddenly, we heard someone crying.
Present Perfect past events and activities with consequences in the present;
single or repeated events when it doesn't matter when they happened; situations
that started in the past and continue up till now; Form have/has + past
participle; example My husband has been robbed.; Have you ever tried Indian
food?; She has been ill since Thursday.
Past Perfect events or situations in the past which happened before other past
events; Form Past simple of have + past participle; example By the time we
got home, she had already left the house.
Present Perfect Continous continous or repeated activites that started in the
past and are not finished; continous or repeated activities from the recent past
which have consequences in the present; Form have/has + past participle of to
be (been) + bare infinitive + ing; example I've been cleaning my house every
Thursday for the last 3 years.; You look exhausted. What have you been doing?
Past Perfect Continous longer activities that happened before other past
events; Form past simple of have (had) + past participle of to be (been) + bare
infinitive + ing; example She was rescued by a man wo had been working in a
nearby garage.
Passive
We use Passive when the doer of the action is unknown; we want to focus the
attention on the action rather that the doer; we want to put special attention on
the doer; we want to avoid a very long subject of the sentence; example The

bus stop has been vandalised.; The whole gang was arrested yesterday.; All these
projects have been managed by the American architect.
Passive infinitive form to be + past participle; example - to be taken.
Passive perfect infinitive The train may have been delayed by the storm.
The doer is emphasized with the word by. Passive can be in different tenses.