UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA

MIDTERM EXAMINATIONS FEBRUARY 2014

ELEC 434 Biophotonics SECTION(S) A01
CRN 21110/21111

NAME:

STUDENT NO.:

INSTRUCTOR:

Dr. Tao Lu

SECTION:

V00

A01

DURATION:

80 MINUTES

TO BE ANSWERED ON THE PAPER

STUDENTS MUST COUNT THE NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS EXAMINATION

PAPER BEFORE BEGINNING TO WRITE, AND REPORT ANY DISCREPANCY
IMMEDIATELY TO THE INVIGILATOR.
THIS EXAM HAS 4 PAGES, INCLUDING THIS COVER SHEET AND
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Text book and class notes are allowed,
2. Only university-approved models of calculators are allowed,
3. Write down the final results on the exam sheet and the intermediate steps on the
booklet.
4. Laptop/ipad is allowed for reading ebooks only. No internet connection is allowed
during the exam period.

Hints:
1. vacuum permittivity 0 8.854 1012 [ 1 ], 2 =

0 0

2. Planck constant = 6.626 1034 [ ], = 1.24 ,

3. electron mass 2 = 0.511 106 , = 9.10938188 1031 ,
1

4. sin() () = [cos( ) cos( + )],

2

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ELEC 434 Biophotonics
1. [25pts]A laser beam has a wavelength = 970, a spot diameter of 1 and a power of 10.

a. [5pts] Estimate the photon density =___2.09 1014 __________(3 ).

b. [5pts] Assume the intensity of the light is uniform within the spot and zero otherwise,
compute the intensity of the beam =___1.27 1010 ___________

c. [5pts] Compute the magnitude of the electrical field inside the beam spot

=_3.0945 106 ________________ .

d. [5pts] The electrical field each photon carries is =___xxx______________ .

e.

Solution

[5pts] If the beam incident on the water at normal direction, compute the reflectivity

(refractive index of water: = 1.33): = ____0.0222____________________.

a):

2

2
=

4
=
2

0.97
4
= 10 103

19
1.24 1.6 10 / 12 2 3 1014

= 209.1874 [3 ] = 2.09 1014 [3 ]

b):

=
c)

2

2

10 103

106
1
2

= 1.27 1010 /2

|| = 2 = 2 377 1.27 1010

d)

= 3.0945 106
2

2
1.35 1 2
=
= 0.0222
+
1.35 + 1

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ELEC 434 Biophotonics

2. [25pts]A one-dimensional transition dipole moment of a single electron ion discussed in

+

Einsteins AB coefficients model can be calculated by | | = () () . Here

() and () are wave-functions of the ion in its initial and finals states. Using the one-

dimensional box with infinite wall wave-functions discussed in class, assume the box width =

10 .

a. [10pts]Compute the transition dipole moment 12 = __86.4____________________ and

Einsteins coefficients 12 = _2.1178 103 and 12 = _1.405___. Is this transition

dipole allowed or dipole forbidden? Dipole Allowed

b. [10pts]Compute the transition dipole moment 13 = _________0____________ and

Einsteins coefficients 13 = ___________0__________________ and

13 = ___0____________________. Is this transition dipole allowed or dipole

forbidden?____________________________

c. [5pts]Calculate the wavelength of photon generated from 2->1 transition =

100___________________.

Ans:
a)

2 2
2 2

()
=
,

=
sin

, = 1,2,

82

(22 12 )2
32 2
3 (1.24 )2
h12 =
=
=
= 0.012
82
8 2 2 8 0.511 106 (10 103 )2

2
x sin sin
|
0

0
2 1

3
= | cos cos
|
0
2

3
= |

|
=0

3 =0

3
= | sin +
sin
|
=0

3 =0

12 = | 1 ()2 ()| = |

2
2

92

161.61019 10109
92

= 2.882 1028 [ ] = 86.4

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ELEC 434 Biophotonics
4 2 |12 |2
4 2 (2.882 1028 [ ])2
12 =
=
60 2
6 8.854 1012 1 (6.626 1034 )2
3
= 1.4059 1023

2
8 3
8(12 )3
8(0.012)3
3
23
12 = 3 12 =
1.4059 10 [
]
12 =
108
()2

2
(1.24 )2 3

22
3 1
= 1.3237 10
= 2.1178 10 [ ]

Obviously its dipole allowed (considering the symmetry around = /2.

b)
(32 12 )2
(1.24 )2
82 2
h13 =
=
=
= 0.032
82
8 2 2 0.511 106 (10 103 )2

3
13 = | 1 ()3 ()| = | x sin sin
|
0

0
2 1
2
4
= | cos
cos
|
0
2

2
4
=|

|
4 =0
2 =0

2

4
=|
sin
sin
+
|
2 =0

4 =0

=0
13 = 13 = 0
Dipole forbidden.
c)

1.24
12 =
=
= 100
12
0.012
d.
3. [20pts] The linear optical susceptibility of a solution is (1) = 1 + 2 106 j at a wavelength

= 970.

a. [5pts]The refractive index at this wavelength = ____1.414 + 7.071 107 ____.

b. [5pts]Compute the reflectivity at air/water normal incidence

= ____0.029______________.

c. [5pts]Compute the transmittance at air/water normal incidence

= ___0.97_____________.

d. [5pts]The light incident from air at an angle of = 70 , whats the refraction

angle as shown in Fig. 1? = ____41.6 ________________.

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ELEC 434 Biophotonics

air

solution

Fig. 1

Ans:
) 2 = 1 + (1) = 2 + 2 106
= 1.414 + 7.071 107

b) =

2
+

= 0.029

c) = 1 = 0.97
d) = sin1

sin( )

= 0.7269 = 41.6

4. [10pts] An unknown solution displays a Raman peak at = 2000 1 ,

a. [5pts]The possible bond exists in this solution is: __carbon (double or
triple)___________________.
b. [5pts]If a light at wavelength 0 = 970 is incident at the solution, what is the wavelength
Ans:

of the emitting light generated from the Stokes Raman scattering? = __1203_______.

= 0

= 0 =

1
20001 = 8309.271
970 107

1
= 1203

5. [20pts] In Fig. 2, 1 of antigen A and 2 of antibody B are mixed in a solution held by a

standard cuvette with the length of 1 . 1 , 630 wavlegth light is incident on the cuvette.
The absorption cross section of molecule A is = 1010 2 and that of molecule B is =
2 1010 2 both measured at 630 wavelength.

a. [10pts] Compute the transmitted laser power: = __ ____________().

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ELEC 434 Biophotonics
b. [10pts] If one molecule of antigen A may bind to an antibody B to form a new compound AB with an absorption cross section of = 2.2 1010 2 , after the process is fully
settled within the solution, the transmitted power will be = _0 ___________().

Answer:

a)

(10)

(10)

1.307 107 1

6.021023
(10)

(1014 2 103 3 + 2 1014 2 2 103 3 ) =

= 1.307 107 1 102 = 1.307 105

5

b)

= 0 101.30710 0

(10)

(10)

6.021023
(10)

(2.2 1014 2 103 3 + 2 1014 2 1

103 3 ) = 1.09807 107 1

= 1.09807 107 1 102 = 1.09807 105

5

= 0 101.30710 0

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