We must reject the current epistemology: We derive ethical

theories on how humans relate to nature not by trying to find

absolute moral truths. Thus our epistemology must include
Nature.
Henning 09
Final truths are unattainable due to the finitude and fallibility of human inquirers
we live in a cosmos field of events organized in complex webs of interdependence
rather than via physical laws
particles, plants, and people
parts of complex and intersecting wholes
nothing is entirely devoid of value and beauty
philosophy of organism is ideal which to address the complex social and ecological
challenges if who and what I am is linked to everything in the universe I recognize
that my own flourishing and the flourishing of others are not independent
we ignore our interdependence at our own peril in recognizing our connection to on
our environment
abandon dualisms
the illusion that we are set off from the
rest of nature
reject materialisms
dualisms
our direct moral concern can exclude nothing
cannot be limited to humans
Morality is not anthropocentric
every relation is a moral relation
Morality is fundamentally about how we comport ourselves in the world,

Pedagogy of nature has tangible impacts against anthropocentric discourse

which allows systemic impacts to occur. Solves for Cap
Kahn 10
existing education lacks ethical vision, needed to discern the relationships between
nature and culture
that recognize the importance of a sustainable society that is
inclusive of all forms of life part of the crisis is the historical development of an
anthropocentric worldview
a critical ecopedagogy needs to be rooted in a
critique of the domination of nature of the capitalist infrastructure

To have the best education we must merge critical pedagogy of

the oppressed with ecopedagogy.
Bell & Russel 2k
poststructuralism, with
critical pedagogy
instrumental in
education
if critical
educators wish to resist various oppressions must calli into the gaze through
humans distance ourselves from nature
critical pedagogy
The more-thanhuman world and human relationships ignored as If
irrelevant
nonhuman beings are shrouded in silence. This silence characterizes work of writers
who call for a rethinking of all culturally positioned essentialisms.

Thus the judge should vote to endorse a new critical pedagogy

that falls under anti-anthropocentrism, a mix between critical
and ecopedagogy. A pedagogy is rooted in creating a change
within the academia that promotes ethical ecological and critical
decision making
Kahn 10
critical ecopedagogy understanding how political economy and ideology produce the
domination of nature. promotes a dynamic and complex definition of ecoliteracy
we can recognize and tran-scend these thresholds through measures of individual
transformation and collective action
critical ecopedagogy
that calls for analysis of ecological crisis and sustainable development
schools come
to focus on the problem of sustainability

To preserve the first speech AFC

Oconnel 4 states
AFC preserves the value of the first aff
speech. This speech
is the starting point for the debate.
Failure to grant AFC
[renders] the opening speech
meaningless while the
rest of the debate becomes a debate about what we should be
debating about
irmative constructive

It is a function of necessity. The debate must begin somewhere if it is to begin at all.

is a denial of the service rendered by the affirmative teams labor when they crafted this speech. Further, if the affirmative does not get to pick the

starting point,

act is essentially rendered

And Pedagogy is never neutral every position is actively

promotes some way of understanding. The only defensible

position is one that challenges and makes students aware of
anthropocentrism. Espinoza 031
classroom practice integrates particular content instructional strategies and evaluation
these specify what knowledge is of most worth, what it means to know and how we
might construct a representation of our world and place within it the pedagogical is
inherently political
ideological frameworks operate and are reproduced through
instructional practices
,

And pedagogy requires political action; Thus weigh tangible

action over vague kritikal alternatives
Any pedagogy had to acknowledge the centrality of political projects. Making
the pedagogical more political meant developing a praxis that foregrounded

Tejeda, Carlos, Manuel Espinoza, and Kris Gutierrez. "Toward a decolonizing pedagogy: Social
justice reconsidered." Pedagogies of difference: Rethinking education for social change (2003): 938.
1

2
Henry Giroux. Rethinking Education As The Practice of Freedom: Paulo Freire and the Promise of Critical Pedagogy. Truthout.
January 3rd, 2010. http://archive.truthout.org/10309_Giroux_Freire

ethics as central to democratic struggles Politics about creating conditions for

social movements against oppressive practices critique gave experience
meaning and action a political direction theory was always part of a larger
project of freedom and justice.

Nuclear Power is the core of Sustainable development

movement and its main purpose is to provide sustainable
development.
Taebi states
the desirability of nuclear power seem to revolve around this notion of sustainable
development
nuclear energy sustainable as it can produce reliable electricity
nuclear power can contribute to sustainable development in a transitional role

Sustainable development destroys natureit relies on the belief

that everything was put here so that humans could use it and
leads to an Anthropocentric mindset
Worster 93,
the sustainable development ideal is based on view that the natural world exists
primarily to serve the material demands of the human species. Nature is nothing more
than a pool of "resources" to be exploited
it
depends on the assumption that we can easily determine the carrying capacity of local
regional ecosystems. Our knowledge is supposedly adequate
In the face of new
arguments suggesting how turbulent, complex, and unpredictable nature really is, that
assumption seems highly optimistic
the sustainability ideal rests on an
uncritical, unexamined acceptance of the traditional worldview of progressive, secular
materialism

Anthropocentrism locks society into a self-destructive cycle that

ensures oppression and violence while inevitably leading to
extinction. Anthro is directly linked to cap.
Dhillon9
anthro view of nature a result of capitalistic ideology
sees
nature as an instrument, rather than having any intrinsic value.
humans too are distinct from and instrumentally used by other humans In lieu of this
erosion of biodiversity and species extinction has been increasingly observed
that the rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history
140,000 species per year are threatened with extinction
driven by anthropocentric,
capitalistic human consumption of organic resources
a move toward an ecocentric view of life other than human should be a human priority.
organizations
only do so to the extent that their helping the environment will
increase corporate productivity maintain human standards of living and reinforce
Bourgeois ideology
economic interests dominate and all institutions help to
reproduce their hegemony
anthropocentric obsession with
materialistic capitalism
incomprehensible to humans earths

resources are limited and shared between and among all life
an ecosystem decreases in stability as its species are made extinct global ecosystem is
destined for collapse if it is further reduced in complexity
The local extinctions among a wide range of taxa
can be assessed through the
substantial rates of extinctions
the economic benefit of farming affect the rate of biodiversity loss global
industrialization and urbanization

AND, Anthro is the root cause of racism the distinction as less

than human psychologically structures all oppression and
discrimination
Singer 02
If being suffers no moral justification for refusing suffering into consideration.
nature principle requires its suffering be counted equally
If a being is not
capable of suffering,
there is nothing to be taken into account. So the limit of
sentience
is the only defensible boundary of concern for the interests of others. To
mark this boundary by intelligence or rationality Would
arbitrary . Why not choose
some other characteristic, like skin color? Racist violate the principle of equity by giving
greater weight to the interests of members of their own race when there is a clash
between their interests and the interests of those of another race
speciesists allow
the interests of members of their own species to override the greater interests of
members of other species. The pattern is identical

This species-contingent paradigm creates unending genocidal

violence against forms of life deemed politically unqualified.
KOCHI & ORDAN 2K8

evil

if we take the ways the Holocaust was

this must include the annihilation of indigenous

peoples
and the manner in which their practices have been erased
from what the people of the West consider to be a human heritage

events such as the Holocaust

are closer to the norm

European colonisation justified indigenous inhabitants were racially

inferior
closer to apes than humans violence justified by an
erroneous view of race is in
attitude of speciesism involving a

history of killing and enslavement of non-human species by

humans.
humans consider themselves the crown of
creation, for animals all people are Nazis

I advocate for the ban of Nuclear Power as the starting point of

rejecting anthropocentric mindset. This rejection enables an
understanding of the species-being. That solves the ethical
contradiction of their species-level racism. I affirm as I show
that advocating and having nuclear power is anthropocentric
mindset that has marginal impacts.
HUDSON 2K4

We are all equally reduced to mere specimens of human biology

Species-being, or humanity as a species, may require this recognition to
move beyond
humanism.
the
concept of bare life allows us to gesture toward a more concrete idea of
species-being
in our essence we are all animals,
the
passage to species-being may be experienced as a deprivation, a loss of
identity. Species-being is
the absence of many of the features of
humanity
A true species-being depends on a
reconciliation between our human and animal selves
Bare life
would represent not only expulsion from the law but its overcoming.
Positioned in the zone of indistinction, no longer a subject of the law but still
subjected to it through absence, what we call the human in general
becomes indistinguishable from nature

Incremental changes are crucial for coalitions against any

flawed ideology
Grossberg, 92
a simple negative condemnation
is not a viable political
agenda it is not clear what it would mean to overthrow the masses"
are not waiting for the revolution
the appeal of an
unimagined future is too weak to organize people, and too vague to
provide any direction the left must think of ways to rearticulate without
giving up the critique
,

Spikes

Next is the Burden structure

First, Counter-interpretations on the side of the Affirmative,
ensure a fair debate
(a) In the first Affirmative rebuttal there is nowhere near enough time to cover
theory, and make arguments for my case and against my opponents
Thus dont flow negative theory
Negative must defend an unconditional advocacy in order to maintiain the
depth and breadth of education
Negative must defend an unconditional kritikal position in order to interact
with the K and maintain K pegagogy
Negative may not have vague critical alt in order to ensure clash to preserve
education
Drop debater if conditions not met in order to prevent no-risk offense