Mark Scheme (Final)

June 2009

GCE

GCE Biology (6101/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

General Marking Guidance

All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be

rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.

Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to

their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme

should be used appropriately.

All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.

Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidates response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.

Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the

principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.

When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark

scheme to a candidates response, the team leader must be consulted.

Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.

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Question
Number

Answer
Feature

nuclear
envelope
cell surface
membrane
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus

Mark
Prokaryotic
cell
x

Eukaryotic
cell
9

;;;;

(4)

One mark for every two correct responses.

[Blank spaces are incorrect.
Ambiguous tick / crosses are incorrect]

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Question
Number
2

Answer

Mark

1. Benedicts / Fehlings ;
2. orange / red / brown / yellow / green ;
3. acid / named acid ;
4. alkali / named alkali;
5. iodine (in KI) ; NOT iodide

(5)

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Question
Number
3(a)

Answer

Mark

1. one glycerol, two fatty acids and one phosphate

group drawn ;
2. fatty acid(s) joining to glycerol with ester bond /
ester bond joining fatty acid(s) to glycerol ;
3. one phosphate group joined to glycerol with ester
bond ;

(3)

COMMENT
bonding needs to be clear
IGNORE labelling

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

3(b)

{soluble / can dissolve} in water / eq ;

(1)

ACCEPT references to polar, associate

Question
Number
3(c)

Answer

Mark

1. form a (phospholipid) bilayer / eq ;

2. {phosphate / hydrophilic region} {interacts / eq}
with {aqueous environment / surroundings /
cytoplasm} ;
3. {fatty acids / hydrophobic region } {restricts / eq}
movement of {charged / polar / water soluble
molecules} {into cell / out of cell / eq} ;

max
(2)

COMMENT
IGNORE references to fluid mosaic membranes
mp3 ALLOW correct reference to allows movement of
lipid soluble molecules

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Question
Number

Answer

4(a)

A = starch grain ;

Question
Number
4(b)

Mark

B = granum ;

(2)

Answer

Mark

1. correct measurement between X and Y ;

ACCEPT values from 99 to 104 (mm)
2. correct division by 5 ;
3. correct magnification e.g. 19800 to 20800 ;

(3)

COMMENT
ALLOW consequential error

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

4(c)

palisade / guard / spongy / mesophyll ;

(1)

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Question
Number
5(a)(i)

Answer

Mark

1. {root tip / shoot tip / meristematic tissue} / eq ;

2. dividing cells are present / eq ;

(2)

COMMENT
mp1 ACCEPT cambium
mp2 IGNORE reference to growth

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

5(a)(ii)

{acetic / acid} orcein / Feulgens / acetocarmine /

Schiffs reagent / lactoproprionic acid / toluidine blue/
eq ;

(1)

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

5(a)(iii)

idea of getting {a single layer / eq} of cells ;

(1)

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

5(b)(i)

BDAC;

(1)

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

5(b)(ii)

A = anaphase ;
C = telophase ;

(2)

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Question
Number
6(a)

Answer

Mark

1. reference to kinetic energy of molecules /eq ;

2. idea that molecules are moving randomly / eq ;
3. idea that overall movement of molecules is down
the concentration gradient ;

max
(2)

IGNORE reference to {along / with} the gradient / passive

Question
Number
6(b)

Answer

Mark

1. (at beginning) there is a concentration gradient

/eq ;
2. as concentration of A decreases on outside, it
increases on inside / eq ;
3. substance A moves from outside to inside ;
4. as concentration {gradient / difference} gets
smaller, rate of change decreases ;
5. {no change in concentration/eq} when equal on
both sides / it reaches equilibrium ;

max
(3)

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Question
Number
6(c)(i)

Answer

Mark

1. active transport requires {energy / ATP} ;

2. active transport can move molecules against a
concentration gradient ;
3. active transport requires a protein (pump) ;

max
(2)

ACCEPT converse statements about diffusion for any of

the three marking points

Question
Number
6(c)(ii)

Answer

Mark

1. rate of change would be (almost) {linear /

constant / eq} ;
2. (changes) would occur faster /eq ;
3. idea that (overall) movement of molecules would
not stop when concentrations equal e.g.
equilibrium would not be reached, concentration
inside would be greater than outside ;

max
(2)

ACCEPT use of figures to illustrate this point

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Question
Number

Answer

7(a)(i)

C A G U C A C G C ;;

Mark

[All correct = 2 marks, one error = 1 mark, more than 1

error = 0 marks]

(2)

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

7(a)(ii)

gln, ser, arg ;

(1)

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

7(a)(iii)

1. 21 (amino acids) ;
2. correct multiplication by 3 (gives answer of 63) ;

Question
Number
7(b)(i)

Answer

(2)

Mark

1. contains {protein / enzymes} ;

2. and (r)RNA ;
3. reference to two subunits ;
4. reference to appropriate binding sites e.g. for
mRNA ;

max
(2)

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Question
Number
7(b)(ii)

Answer

Mark

1. ribosome {attaches/eq} to mRNA ;

2. two tRNA molecules (held in ribosome) /eq ;
3. (each) carrying a {specific/eq} amino acid /eq ;
4. reference to anticodons on tRNA /eq ;
5. reference to complementary {bases / codon} on
mRNA /eq ;
6. peptide bonds form between amino acids /eq ;
7. ribosome moves along mRNA /eq ;
8. correct reference to {start / stop} codons ;

max
(5)

Comment
Apply mps where clearly annotated diagram given

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Question
Number
8(a)(i)

Answer

Mark

1. {protein / substrate} and enzyme {collide / bind}

/ reference to enzymes-substrate complex being
formed/ eq;
2. peptide bonds {broken / eq} ;
3. reference to hydrolysis {reaction /description} ;
4. reference to formation of {smaller peptide chains
/ amino acids} ;

max
(3)

Question
Number

Answer

Mark

8(a)(ii)

idea that {smaller peptides / amino acids} dissolve

whereas protein did not / eq ;

(1)

Comment
NOT proteins become soluble

Question
Number
8(b)(i)

Answer

Mark

1. activity increases between pH 5 and 8 / eq ;

2. most active at pH 8 / eq ;
3. activity drops between pH 8 and 10 ;
4. correct manipulation of figures ;

max
(2)

Comment
mp3: reference to optimum / most efficient at pH 8

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Question
Number
8(b)(ii)

Answer

Mark

1. pH is determined by {H+ concentration / eq} ;

2. reference to ionisation of {R groups /side
chains} ;
3. reference to {bonds / appropriate named bond}
{breaking / eq} ;
4. reference to change in shape of active site ;
5. {substrate / protein} cannot bind to active site /
eq ;

max
(3)

Comment
IGNORE references to denaturation
mp2: NOT ionisation of protein / active site
mp5: ACCEPT fewer enzyme-substrate complexes

Question
Number
8(c)

Answer

Mark

1. to keep the temperature (of the reaction)

constant ;
2. reference to {(45 C) optimum temperature of
trypsin / fastest rate} ;
3. reference to changing the temperature changes
the rate of reaction e.g. idea that change in
temperature {changes the kinetic energy of the
molecules / changes the {number / energy /
frequency} of the collisions};

max
(2)

Comment
mp1: ACCEPT control the temperate
IGNORE references to denaturation / fair tests

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