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PROJECT REPORT ON NTPC KANIHA

CONTENTS

Vocational training at NTPC Kaniha-9th May to 9th June, 2016

It includes (INDEX)

History and about the organization

Topics covered under the period of training

Boiler and boiler auxikiaries

basic electronics related to power plant instrumentation

fuel managment system

turbine and turbine auxiliaries

generator and generator auxiliaries

Plant visit

Safety measures

By- SAYANI SARKAR

Roll no-1210413648
B.TECH (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION)
GITAM University
VISAKHAPATNAM

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AP

HISTORY ABOUT THE ORGANISATION

NTPC is Indias largest energy conglomerate with roots planted way back in 1975 to accelerate power
development in India. Since then it has established itself as the dominant power major with presence in
the entire value chain of the power generation business. From fossil fuels it has forayed into generating
electricity via hydro, nuclear and renewable energy sources. This foray will play a major role in lowering
its carbon footprint by reducing green house gas emissions. To strengthen its core business, the
corporation has diversified into the fields of consultancy, power trading, training of power professionals,
rural electrification, ash utilisation and coal mining as well.
NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010, one of the only four companies to be awarded this
status. NTPC was ranked 431st in the 2015, Forbes Global 2000 ranking of the Worlds biggest
companies.
Growth of NTPC installed capacity and generation

The total installed capacity of the company is 47,178 MW (including JVs) with 18 coal based, 7 gas based
stations and 1 Hydro based station. 9 Joint Venture stations are coal based and 9 renewable energy
projects. The company has set a target to have an installed power generating capacity of 1,28,000 MW by
the year 2032. The capacity will have a diversified fuel mix comprising 56% coal, 16% Gas, 11% Nuclear
and 17% Renewable Energy Sources including hydro. By 2032, non fossil fuel based generation capacity
shall make up nearly 28% of NTPCs portfolio.
NTPC has been operating its plants at high efficiency levels. Although the company has 17.73% of the
total national capacity, it contributes 25.91% of total power generation due to its focus on high efficiency.
In October 2004, NTPC launched its Initial Public Offering (IPO) consisting of 5.25% as fresh issue and
5.25% as offer for sale by the Government of India. NTPC thus became a listed company in November
2004 with the Government holding 89.5% of the equity share capital. In February 2010, the Shareholding
of Government of India was reduced from 89.5% to 84.5% through a further public offer. Government of
India has further divested 9.5% shares through OFS route in February 2013. With this, GOI's holding in
NTPC has reduced from 84.5% to 75%. The rest is held by Institutional Investors, banks and Public.

Talcher Super Thermal Power Station or NTPC Talcher Kaniha is located

in Talcher sub-division of Angul district in the Indian state of Odisha. The power plant is
one of the coal-based power plants of NTPC. The coal for the power plant is sourced from
Talcher Coal Field Lingraj Block. Source of water for the power plant is from Samal Barrage
Reservoir on Brahmani River.

Capacity
S
t
a
g
e

Unit
numbe
r

Installed capacity
(MW)

Date of
commissioning

1st

500

1995 February

1st

500

1996 March

2nd

500

2003 January

2nd

500

2003 October

3rd

500

2004 May

3rd

500

2005 February

Total Six

3000

INTRODUCTION

Power Station (also referred to as generating station

or power plant) is an industrialfacility for the
generation of electric power. Power plant is also used
to refer to theengine in ships, aircraft and other
large vehicles. Some prefer to use the termenergy
center because it more accurately describes what
the plants do, which is theconversion of other forms
of energy, like chemical energy, gravitational
potentialenergy or heat energy into electrical energy.
However, power plant is the mostcommon term in the
U.S., while elsewhere power station and power plant are
bothwidely used, power station prevailing in many
Commonwealth countries andespecially in the United
Kingdom.
At the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine thatconverts
Mechanical energy into Electrical energy by creating relative motion between a
magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn
thegenerator varies widely. It depends chiefly on what fuels are easily available
andthe types of technology that the power company has access to.In thermal
power stations, mechanical power is produced by a heat engine,
whichtransforms Thermal energy (often from combustion of a fuel) into
rotationalenergy. Most thermal power stations produce steam, and these
are sometimescalled steam power stations.
A
bout 80% of all electric power is generated by use of steam turbines. Not all thermal
energy can be transformed to mechanical power,according to the second law of
thermodynamics. Therefore, there is always heatlost to the environment. If this
loss is employed as useful heat, for industrial processes or district heating, the
power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined
heat-and-power) plant. In countries where district heatingis common, there are
dedicated heat plants called heat-only boiler stations.
CLASSFIFIATION
By fuel
Nuclear power plants use a nuclear reactor's heat to operate a steam
turbinegenerator.
Fossil fuelled power plants may also use a steam turbine generator or in the caseof
natural gas fired plants may use a combustion turbine.
Geothermal power plants use steam extracted from hot underground rocks.
Renewable energy plants may be fuelled by waste from sugar cane, municipalsolid

waste, landfill methane,

or other forms of biomass.
In integrated steel mills, blast furnace exhaust gas is a low-cost, although
low-energy density, fuel.
Waste heat from industrial processes is occasionally concentrated enough to
usefor power generation, usually in a steam boiler and turbine.

FUNCTIONING
In a thermal power plant, one of coal, oil or natural gas is used to heat the
boiler toconvert the water into steam. The steam is used to turn a turbine,
which isconnected to agenerator. Whenthe turbine turns, electricity is
generated and givenas output by the generator, which is then supplied to the
consumers through high-voltage power lines.

PROCESS OF POWER GENERATION

1)Water intake:Firstly, water is taken into the boiler through a water source.
If water is available in a plenty in the region, then the source is an open pond or river.If
water is scarce, then it is recycled and the same water is used over and
over again.
2)Boiler heating: The boiler is heated with the help of oil, coal or natural
gas.A furnace is used to heat the fuel and supply the heat produced to the boiler.
Theincrease in temperature helps in the transformation of water into steam.
3)Steam Turbine: The steam generated in the boiler is sent through a
steamturbine. The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam flows
acrossthem. This rotation of turbine blades is used to generate electricity.
4) Generator:A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the
turbine rotates the generator produces electricity which is then passed
on to power distribution systems.
5) Special mounting: There is some other equipment like the economizer
and air pre-heater.A
n economizer uses the heat from the exhaust gases to heat the feed water.An
air pre-heater heats the air sent into the combustion chamber to improve the
efficiencyof the combustion process.
6)Ass collection system: there is a seperate residue and ass collection
system in place to collect all the waste materials from the combustion process
and to preventthem from escaping into the atmosphere.Apart from this, there
are various other monitoring systems and instruments in place to keep track of
the functioning of all the devices. This prevents any hazardsfrom taking place in
the plant.

OPERATION

Steam Generator or Boiler

Steam Turbine
Electric Generator