Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme

Petrophysics

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LOGS/LOGGING TOOLS /RELATED ITEMS

Abbreviation

Name

Function

BHC

Bore Hole Compensated Sonic

Measures interval
transit time

CBL

Cement Bond Log

Quality of Cement

CCL

Casing Collar Locator

Depth control

CNL

Compensated Neutron Log

Measures porosity

DLL

Dual Laterlog

Measures resistivity

FDC

Formation Density Compensated

Measures porosity

GR

Gamma Ray

HDT

High Resolution Dipmeter

Measures dip and

azimuth

IES

Induction Electrical Survey

Measures
conductivity
(resistivity)

MSFL

Micro Spherically Focused Log

Measures
resistivity

RFT

Repeat Formation Tester

Pressure/fluid sample

SP

Spontaneous Potential

Measures
Rw /Identifies
lithology

SWS

Side Wall Samples

Core (1" x 2" plugs)

Identifies lithology

OTHER ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation

Name

Function

API

American Petroleum Institute

Standards

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Petrophysics

AHBDF

Along Hole Below Derrick Floor

Depth reference

BDF

Below Derrick Floor

Depth reference

BHP

Bottom Hole Pressure

Pressure

BHT

Bottom Hole Temperature

Temperature

BPHL

Barrels Per Hour Losses

Mud losses

BRT

Below Rotary table

Depth reference

CSG

Casing

DFE

Derrick Floor Elevation

Depth reference

FL

Fluid Loss

Mud loss

FPI

Free Point Indicator

Depth of stuck tool

FT

Formation Temperature

Temperature

HUD

Hold up depth

Apparent bottom

SS

Sub Sea

Depth reference

TBG

Tubing

TD

Total Depth

True bottom

TVD

True Vertical Depth

Depth reference

TVSS

True Vertical Depth Subsea

Depth reference

WHP

Well Head Pressure

Pressure

WLFT

Wire Line Formation Test

Pressure/fluid sample

SUMMARY OF COMMONLY USED SYMBOLS

Grouped according to petrophysical concepts.
RESISTIVITY: F =

Ro
= m
Rw

Rw

Formation water resistivity, OHMM

Martey, A.O

I=

Rt
= Sw n
Ro

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Petrophysics

Ro

Resistivity of water bearing formation

Porosity, fraction of bulk volume

Formation resistivity factor

Resistivity Index

Cementation factor

Rt

Resistivity of hydrocarbon bearing formation

Sw

Formation water saturation, fraction of pore volume

Saturation exponent

Rxo
n
= S xo
Rmf F
Rxo

Resistivity of the zone in which all of the formation water has

been replaced by mud filtrate (flushed zone)

Rmf

Resistivity of mud filtrate

Sxo

Saturation of mud filtrate in the flushed zone

Rm

Mud resistivity

Rmc

Mud cake resistivity

Rs

Shoulder (adjacent) bed resistivity

SP:

E = Ej + Em

Ek= |Eksh| - |Ekmc|

E = SSP Ek = SSP + |Eksh| - |Ekmc|

EJ

Liquid junction potential, MV

EM

Membrane potential

Martey, A.O

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EC

Electrochemical potential

Ek

Flow potential (electro kinetic effect)

Eksh

Flow potential across shale

Ekmc

Flow potential across mud cake

SSP

Static SP (SP corrected for resistivity and geometrical

parameters)

POROSITY:
From sonic log

t = (1 )tm + t f , in which
t = mf S xo + th (1 S xo )

t t m 1
t
.
, in which C p = sh
100
t f tm C p

Sonic log reading, micro-secs per foot

tm

Matrix interval transit time

tf

Interval transit time in fluid

tmf

Interval transit time in mud filtrate

t h

Interval transit time in hydrocarbon

tsh

Interval transit time in shale (clay)

Cp

Compaction correction (unconsolidated sand)

From density log

b = (1 - ) m + f in which
f = mf S xo + h (1 S xo )

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Formation bulk density, grams per cubic centimeter

?m

Matrix density

?f

Fluid density

? mf

Mud filtrate dens.ity

?h

Hydrocarbon density

?e

Electronic density index (Schlumberger concept)

Atomic number (number of electrons per atom)

Atomic weight

From neutron log

N =HImf Sxo + HIh (1 Sxo)

FN

Neutron log porosity, p.u.

p.u.

Porosity units

HImf

Hydrogen index of mud filtrate

HIh

Hydrogen index of hydrocarbon

GAS EFFECT:

b = (1 S xo )(mf + ag ), g/cc

Or

D = + 60(1 S xo )(mf ag ), p.u.

(where density recorded on p.u. scale for 1 g/cc = 60 p.u.)

?? b

Density shift on the log due to gas

?? D

Porosity shift on density log due to gas

? ag

Apparent density of gas

? ? N(HI) = -100 ? (1 -Sxo)(1 -HIg), p.u.

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? ? Nex = -100 [k 2 ? 2 SwH + 0.04 ? ] (1- SwH), p.u.

In which

and

k=1

for sandstone

K = 1.046

limestone

K = 1.173

dolomite

SWH = Sxo .HI mf + (1 Sxo ) HIh

Total gas effect on neutron log is

? ? N =?? N(HI ) + ?? Nex and negative !
? ? N(HI)

Shift on neutron log due to hydrogen content

? ? Nex

Shift on neutron log due to excavation effect

HYDROCARBON VOLUME:
V = A X h X F X Sh
V

Amount of hydrocarbon in place

Reservoir area

Reservoir thickness

Martey, A.O

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