TECHNOLOGY OF COATINGS, RESINS, PIGMENTS & INKS

INDUSTRIES
INTRODUCTION
Resins
Architectural paints
Powder coatings
Automotive coatings
Feng Shul
Creating homes
Resins
Monomer modifications
Changes in vegetable oil and fatty acid component
SIMPLE AND QUICK METHOD FOR THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION
STUDIES OF ALL ACRYLICS AND STYRENEACRYLIC EMULSION POLYMERS
Outcome of approach
Styrene acrylic emulsion
Significant observations
Allacrylic emulsion
EFFECT OF MODIFICATION WITH CARDANOL FORMALDEHYDE RESIN ON THE
QUALITY OF RUBBER SEED OIL AND ITS ALKYDS AS BINDERS IN SURFACE
COATINGS
Physico chemical Properties of rubber seed oil
Physico chemical properties of commercial CNSL
Experimental procedure
Major Fatty acid components of RSO
Preparation of the alkyds Preparation of cardanolformaldehyde (CF) resins (resoles)
Modification of RSO and its alkyds with CF resins
Physico chemical properties of the alkyds
Properties of the finished alkyds
Chemical Resistance of the unmodified alkyds
OPTICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHOGRAPHIC INKS
Crystallinity of Yellow 13-type pigments
Experiment
Optical properties of the inks
Rheology of inks
Complex viscosity N* and low shear flow
Comparison of TRM with beadmill + TRM inks
COATING AND COATING SYSTEM
Grain storage silos
Energy saving paints
Environmental assessment, preparation and protection using ISO standards

PROCESS CYCLE TIME REDUCTION OF HIGH SOLIDS ALKYD USING TAGUCHI

STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE
Taguchi Statistical Technique (TST)
Formulation used for 8 experiments as per L-8 Model
Properties of Resins
ANOVA summary on MG time
ANOVA summary on esterification time
ANOVA summary on colour
ANOVA summary on drying
Inference
PEARL LUSTRE PIGMENTS
Manufacturing and properties of pearl lustre pigments
Natural pearl Lustre pigments
Basic lead carbonate
Bismuth oxychloride
Metal oxide mica pigments
Manufacturing process for titanium dioxide mica pigments
Iron lil oxide mica pigments
Combination pigments
New pearl lustre pigments based on silica and alumina flakes
Effect pigments based on silica flakes
Effect pigments based on aluminal flakes
Functional metal oxide mica pigments
Bright conductive pigments
Magnetic pigments
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORT QUICKER, CONSISTENT AND EFFICIENT
PRODUCTION OF INK
Indirect impacts
Focus on productivity
Direct delivery
MOLECULAR MODELLING A TOOL FOR POLYMER SYNTHESIS IN COATING INDUSTRY
Structure property relationship of polyester weatherability using FMOC
Frontier Densities of MPD and ND esters
Effect of enzyme and alkaline catalyst on conformation of alkyd
Kinetic modeling for condensation polymerisation
Modelling of molecular weight distribution for amino resin
Compositional heterogeneity in free radical polymerisation
Statistical or instantaneous heterogenerity
Multistate heterogeneity
Perturbed model and process heterogeneity
Perturbed model and process heterogeneity
COATING PROPERTIES OF CHEMOENZYMATICALLY SYNTHESISED AND
CONVENTIONAL ALKYD RESINS

Experimental
Materials and methods
Enzymatic inter esterification oil and linseed oil (Scheme-1)
synthesis of alkyd resin based on Inter esterification product
Synthesis of conventional alkyd resin
Characterization
Thin layer chromatography
IR spectroscopy
Coating properties
Results and Discussion
Enzyme catalysed interesterification
Coating properties of alkyd resins
OLEOCHEMICALS FOR COATING INDUSTRIES
Process for Oleochemicals Production
Fat spliting
Alcoholysis
Esterification
Oxidation
Epoxidation and hydroxylation
Amidation
Dimerisation
Ethoxylation
Alkyds from oleochemicals
Isomerisation
Modification of phospholipids
Genetic engineering
NOVELTY FINISHES BASED ON ACID FUNCTIONAL ACRYLIC COPOLYMERS
Hexamethoxymethyldmelamine
Preparation of Novelty Finishes
Preparation of hammertone finishes
Preparation of multicolour finishes (paints)
Preparation of stipple finishes (paints)
Application of novelty finishes (paints)
Characterization of the novelty finishes (paints)
Results and Discussion
Nature of resin used in finishes
Type of pattern
Viscosity
Colour
Gloss
Films and their evaluation
Package Stability (Shelf Life) of the Finishes
POLYURETHANE COATINGS
One back moisture cured urethane systems
Two pack polyester polyol/polyisocynate system

Experimental
Material selection
Processing and testing
POWDER COATINGS
Research overview of UV curable powder coatings
Monitoring the photocuring process
Prospects for acrylic powder coatings
Blox thermoplastic powder coatings
LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS FOR SURFACE COATINGS
Classification of liquid crystalline polymers
Transition to mesophase
Position of the mesogenic moiety in the polymer molecule
Synthesis of liquid crystalline of polymers
Liquid crystalline acrylic polymers
Liquid crystalline alkyd polymers, polyester polymers and oligoester diols
Liquid crystalline epoxy polymers
Characterization of liquid crystalline polymer
Advantages of liquid crystalline polymers
Guidelines for designing of liquid crystalline polymers
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC PIGMENTS
EQUIPMENT USED IN INKS INDUSTRY
Inventory management system
Innovative horizontal mill
Basic functionality
Top entry mills
Super fine grinding
Camberless rolls
Particle analyzer system
ANTIFOULING COATINGS
Fouling
Leaching rate factor
Dry film thickness
Antifouling coating types
Biocidal coatings
Environmental impact of TBT SPC antifoulings
Hslf life of TBT compounds
Replacement for TBT SPC coating
Nonbiocidal coatings
Silicone coatings
USAGE OF VEGETABLE OILS IN GREEN INKS

Fatty acid esters

Application of fatty esters in inks
Fatty acid esters as industrial cleaners

POLYMER MODIFIED WATERPROOFING SYSTEM

Types of available Waterproofing Systems
Waterproofing as a part of a large coating system
ACCELERATED TESTS FOR ANTICORROSIVE COATINGS
Coating material properties
Anticorrosive performance tests
Atmospheric anti corrosive test
Immersion/accelerated anticorrosion tests
Neutral salt spray test
Cold salt spray
Continuous condensation
Simulation of sunlight
Fluorescent UV lamps
Cycle corrosion tests
Types of cyclic corrosion tests
NACE TMO 184 cyclic corrosion test
Norsok cyclic test
Immersion performance tests
Chemical immersion tests
Cathodic protection tests
Sacrificial (Galvanic) CP system ASTM G8(1/5 volts)
Impressed current cathodic protection system
Evaluation of coatings
OPAQUE POLYMERS IN LATEX PAINTS
Principle of opacity
Particle size
Opacity of emulsion paints
Crowding effect
Opaque polymer in latex or emulsion paints
Air voids
Theory of air viids
Application of Opaque polymer
Substitution of catcined clay (Al-silicate) with opaque polymer
Physical Properties of Opaque Polymers
Benefits of opaque polymer
UV CURABLE POWDER COATINGS
Curing of powder coatings by using UV light
Radiation curing
Basic difference between thermosetting and UV curable powder coatings
Conventional thermosetting powder coatings

UV curable powder coatings

Photoinitiators
Pigments
Light stabilisers
UV absorbers (e.g. solid hydroxy phenyl-s-triazine)
Processing and application of UV curable powder coatings
UV sources
Standard mercury vapour lamps
Lamps doped with gallium lodide
Lamps dropped with iron iodide
UV curing superior quarts laboratory system
Conveyor belt
Conveyor belt speed
UV curing system forR & D unit
UV powder printer surfacer
Important properties
Advantages of UV curable powder coatings over conventional liquid UV curable coatings
Advantages of UV curable powder coatings
Limitations of UV curable powder coatings
Market scenario
Appeal to the users
POLYURETHANE COATINGS
Materials
Preparation of hydroxylated polyesters
Characterisation
Determination of molecular weight, glass transition temperature and viscosity
Molecular weight and Tg
Diol variation and viscosity
Effect of b-ketoester on the viscosity
Effect of temperature
Formulation and performance evaluation of coatings
Coating formulation
Preparation of test specimen
Test procedures
Percent solids of coatings
Adhesion
Tensile properties
Correlation between adhesion and tensile strength
Dynamic mechanical properties
Storage modulus. E
Determination of crosslink density M and T from DMTA measurements
Routine or conventional performance evaluation of coatings
Corrosion resistance properties
Correlating the tensile properties dynamic properties and routine test methods
SUPERIOR COATINGS FROM CYCLOHEX ANONE FORMALDEHYDE-CNSL EPOXY
BLENDS
Materials

Synthesis
Tests carried our for the study of coating properties
Dry time
Hardness
Gloss
Adhesion and flexibility
Storage stability
Chemical resistance
LUMINESENT BENZANTHRONE COLOURANTS
3-Alkoxybenzanthrones
3-Alkoxybenzanthrones
3-Thiolkoxy and thioryloxy benzanthrones
3-Aminobenzanthrone derivatives
3-Triazinylaminobenzanthrones
Benzanthrone azomethine derivatives
14-H(2.1.9 mna) thioxanthene-14-ones
CARBON BLACKS IN CONVENTIONAL AND WATERSOLUBLE PAINT SYSTEMS
Colouristics
Influence of the carbon blacks on the colouristics of the coating
Tests in an alkyd-melamine system
Typical formulation based on alkyd/melamine system and Test Procedure
Influence of the carbon blacks on the coloristics based on a water based coating system
Formulation and test procedure
Tests in a water based coating containing additives
Formulation and test procedure Milibase
Incluence of the carbon black concentration on the jetness
Aniline black
Advantages
EPOXY FLOORING COMPOUNDS
Cementitious surfaces
Epoxy resins and their mechanisms
Range of Products
Chemical classification
Cross linking mechanism
Cross-linking with amines
Products for formulating epoxy floorings
Conventionally used epoxy flooring resins
Hardeners
Epoxy resin flooring compounds
Trowelled floorings
Preparation of trowelling mix
Special effects floorings
DEVELOPMENT OF INTERPENETRATING NETWORK OF URETHANE/ACRYLIC
EMULSION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS

Polyurethane dispersions
Experimentation
Preparation of plain acrylic emulsion
Preparation of IPN of urethane/acrylic emulsion polymers
Preparation of physical blend of PUD and acrylic emulsion polymrs
Preparation of Paint
Paint testing
Initiator selection for development of IPN of urethane/acrylic emulsions
Influence of urethane/acrylic IPNs on development of hardness as a function of time
Particle size distribution of emulsions
% water absorption of emulsion films
USING MELAMINE CROSSLINKERS IN DEVELOPING HIGH PERFORMANCE COATINGS
Amino synthetics
Crosslinker reactions
UV CURABLE COATINGS
Raw materials
Prepolymers or oligomers
Types of oligomers
Vinyl based oligomers
Acrylic prepolymers
Acrylated epoxies
Urethane acrylates
Polyester acrylates
Silicone arcylates
Acrylated acrylics
Water reducible prepolymers and emulsions
Advantages of using water based systems
Disadvantages of using water based system
Non-vinyl based oligomers Unsafurated polyester
Thiol/ene system
Stability of prepolymers
Monomers (or) reactive diluents
Factors the formulators should take care while selecting the monomers
Difference between monofunctional and multifunctional monomers
Mono functional monomers
Multifunctional acrylate
Pigments/Fillers
Additives
Photoinitiators
Reaction mechanism
Echanism of polymerization of acrylate prepolymers
Sources of UV radiation
Arc Light
Reflector designs
Laser light

Application techniques of UV coatings

Roll coater
Curtain coater
Spray coater
Applications, advantages and disadvantages of UV curing coatings
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Advances in UV curable coatings and futire scp[e
Powder coatings
Election beam rcuring
PERYLENE PIGMENTS
Synthesis and recent developments
Properties and applications
Properties and aplications
ADVANCES IN MI NIMIZING DIRT PICK UP ON EXTERIOR LATEX PAINTS
Dirt pick up on latex paints cause and mechanism
Forms of dirt pick-up
Chemical nature of dirt
Quantitative assessment of dirt pick up on latex paint firm
Mechanism of dirt release
Factors promoting dirt release
Incluence of glass transition temperature
Influence of monomer type
Influence of surface cross linking
Influence of PVC
Influence of hydrophobicity
Influence of surface morphology
Influence of coalescing agents
Influence of opaque polymer
Additional methods suggested to minimize the effect of dirt pick up
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RELATED PAINTS
Need for energy conservation
Use of paints in energy conservation
Paints for solar collectors
Semiconductor pigmented selective paints
Inorganic metal oxide
Pigmented selective paints
Organic black pigmented selective paints
Metal dust pigmented selective paints
Paints for nuclear industry
Requirements and standards
Radiations effect

Radiation resistance of coatings

Radioactive contamination
Decontamination of painted surfaces
Formulation of decontaminated paints
Types of paints
Chlorinated rubber based paint
Epoxide resin paints
Polyurethane paint
Paints for radar application
Types of radar absorbing paints
Paints for insulation
Types of insulating paints
Insulation by paint with hollow microspheres
Insulation by paint with solid sphere
Insulation by paint with staple fibres
Insulation by paint with multi layer coating
RADIATION CURING AND FILM PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED EPOXY RESINS
Types of epoxy resins
Bisphenol A based epoxy resin
Other glycidyl based epoxy resins
Glycidyl ethers of aliphatic diols
Aromatic glycidyl amines
Epoxydised cycloaliphatic olefins
Gylcidyl esters
Novolac resins
Ingredients of novolac
Formaldehyde
Acid catalyst
Radiation curing
Oligomers (resin or binder)
Photoinitiators
Advantages of UV-curing
Application of UV-curing
PIGMENTS DISPERSIONS
Experimental Resin preparation
Performance in an ink application
Viscosity stability
Colour development
Theoretical considerations Physical chemistry characterization
Colloid properties of pigment dispersions
Colloid microstructure of pigment dispersions
COLOUR OF PIGMENTS
Absorption of visible radiation
Reflection and refraction light
CAPROLACTONE MODIFICATION OF POLYESTER RESINS

Unmodified polyester (UP)

Modified polyester 1(MP1)
Modified polyester 2(MP2)
Modified polyester 3(MP3)
Characterization of the polyester resins
Crosslinking and characterization of coating films
UTILISATION OF COST EFFECTIVE, NON-TRADITIONAL MATERIALS IN
FORMULATION OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Characterization of fly ash and mahua oil
Isolation of fatty acids from mahua oil
Formulation of mahua fatty acids (MFA)
Preparation of resins and their modification
Characterization of the resins
Fly ash coatings based on MFA epoxy resins
Characterization of the coatings
Properties of fly ash
Characterization of MFA based epoxy ester resin
FLAME RETARDANT SMOKE SUPPRESSANT COATINGS FOR PVC SHEATHED
ELECTRICAL CABLES
Preparation of FRSS coatings
Preparation of PVC specimens
Performance evaluation
Flammability
Smoke generation
Char formation
ALKYD AMINO COMBINATIONS BASED ON NEEM OIL AS FILM FORMING MATERIAL
Aim of present investigation
Use of oils in surface coatings
Neem oil
Composition of neem oil
Alkyd resins
Amino resins
Analysis of neem oil
Preparation of alkyd resin
Preparation of amino resin
Preparation of mixed resins
Testing of performances of resin samples
ACRYLICS
Terminology and monomers
Preparation of acrylic resins
Solution acrylic resins
Initiation
Propagation
Termination

Solution polymerization technique

Bulk polymerization
Suspension polymerization
Graft copolymerization
Radiation induced polymerization
Ionic polymerization
General properties imparted by acrylics & methacrylic monomers
Non aqueous dispersion acrylics
Thermosetting acrylic resins
Film formation
Acrylic latexes
Emulsion polymerization
Film formation of acrylic emulsions
Water phase
Solvent additions
Effect on film formation
Glass transition temperature and monomer composition
ADDITIVES IN PAINTS
Driers
Paint drier
Mechanism of drying
Effect of acidic radicles
Efficiency of drier
Manufacture of driers
Fusion process
Precipitated driers
Use of driers
Properties of various metals
Cobalt
Manganese
Lead
Cerium
Zirconium
Zinc
Aluminium naphthanates
Iron
Calcium
Copper naphthanate
Vanadium
Nickel
Chromium
Mercury naphthanate
Barium
Cadmium
Tin soaps
Magnesium
Antimony, silver, gold and palladium

Water borne drier

General recommendation of driers
Fish oils
CNSL-Based Compositions
Baking type finishes
Solvent type
Hydroquinone Phenolic
Oximes
Cyclohexanone oxime
Dispersing and wetting agents
Anti settling agents
Thixotropic agents
Flow and levelling control agents
Anti foaming agents
POLYESTER BASED WATER BORNE AND SOLVENT BORNE COIL COATINGS
Solvent Borne Coil Coating Resin
Water Borne Coil Coating Resin
Coating BAL-389
New Glycol Formulations
PROTECTION OF CONCRETE SUBSTRATES USING PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Differences Between concrete and Metallic Substrates
Construction Influence
Coatings used on Concrete
Organic coatings-Thin film
Modified epoxies
Furans
Organic coatings-Thick film
Elastomeric coatings
Resin-Rich system
Inorganic coatings
New Versus aged or Deteriorated Substrates
Quality Assurance
ZINC DUST PIGMENT
Scope and Field of Application
Required Characteristics and Their Tolerances
Residue on Sieve and Particle size (Optional)
Sampling
Determination of Total Zinc Content
Determination of Metallic Zinc by the Gas Evolution Method
Determination of Metallic Zinc by the Oxidimetric Method
Determination of Lead and Cadmium
Determination of Iron
Determination of Arsenic
Determination of Matter Insoluble in Acid
WATER BORNE COATINGS AND THEIR COLOURATION

Classifications and compositions

Colourants
Colouristic properties
Fastness properties
Resistance properties
Specific conductivity
Resin vehicles
Additives
Properties of water borne coatings
In package
In application
In dry film
Film resistance properties
Special advantage for printing sector
Advantages in the paint sector
CYCLOHEXANONE-BASED KETONIC RESINS SUITABLE FOR INK APPLICATION
Scope
Technological aspects
Preparation of ketonic resins from acetone
From methyl ethyl ketone
By vinyl polymerisation
From cyclic ketone
Thermoplastic resins
Versatile cyclohexanoneformaldehyde resin
From acetophenone
Criteria for selection of a resin for printing inks
Experimental work
Experimental procedure
Applications of ketonic resins

ADHESION OF UV CURABLE INKS AND VARNISHES

ALKYD MANUFACTURING PROCESS USING DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS
Problem
Study carried out
Analysis
CALCIUM CARBONATE EXTENDERS FOR POWDER COATING SYSTEMS
Preparation and application
Test procedures
PIGMENTS FOR PAINTS, INKS AND PLASTICS
DEVELOPMENTS IN RESINS FOR POWDER COATINGS
Pipes and rebars
Melting and curing scale

Role of particle shape and size

Film thickness
DESIGN OF PAINT FORMULATIONS ON THE BASIS OF SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS OF
RESINS, PIGMENTS AND SOLVENTS
Scratch hardness
Practical adhesion of coatings
Water absorption in free films of paint coatings
Water vapour permeation through free films of paint coatings
Comparative assessment of the influence of solvent blends
POLYESTER RESIN-A SURFACE COATING AGENT
Raw Materials
Curing of Polyester Resin
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
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