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0 INTRODUCTION
Tally counts: The observer writes down when and how many times certain
behaviours occurred.
Observer narratives: The observer may take notes during the session and
then go back later to try to collect data and discern behaviour patterns from
these notes.
famous
examples
of
naturalistic
observations
include Charles
Darwin's journey aboard theHMS Beagle, which served as the basis for his theory of
natural selection, and Jane Goodall's work studying the behaviour of chimpanzees
researchers, and will make the test as similar to a real life situation as possible.
During a research here at Penn State, a French man was enrolled in a biology lab
where he performed different tests on each other to assess how physical activity
affects the human body. He volunteered himself to be the test subject for this lab. He
was to run on the treadmill for as long as he could and at a constant speed. The
incline, however, was increased every three minutes. While he was running, he had
different physiological aspects measured, such as my heart rate, skin temperature,
breaths per minute and oxygen intake.
An advantage to laboratory observations is that the researchers who are conducting
the test can control certain aspects and have all the necessary specialized
equipment. For example, there was a specific treadmill the person was to use. One
disadvantage in a laboratory observation is that the behaviour of the participant
might not be the same was it would be in a natural setting. For example, the person
did not have the opportunity to drink water while he was being observed. If he had
been in a natural gym environment, he would have had a few sips of water every few
minutes. Also, because he had to breathe into an apparatus every three minutes, his
throat quickly became dry and irritated, causing me to tire faster.
Laboratory observations are very useful when it comes to studies related to
psychology. Even though there are a few disadvantages, I believe the benefits of the
advantages are more important.
wanted to collect data about suicidal feelings attracted more than 38,000
respondents from all over the world (Mathy, 2002). However, researchers who use
Web-based surveys must be cautious about generalizing the results of their studies
because respondents represent only the population of Internet users who choose to
participate, not the general population or even the entire population of Internet users.
Moreover, they must take steps to ensure that a respondent can participate in the
study only once (Gosling et al., 2004). If conducted properly, surveys can provide
highly accurate information. They can also track changes in attitudes or behaviour
over time. For example, Johnston and others (Johnston, OMalley, Bachman, &
Schulenburg, 2010) have tracked drug use among high school students since 1975.
However, large-scale surveys can be costly and time consuming. Another important
limitation of survey research is that respondents may provide inaccurate information.
False information can result from a faulty memory or a desire to please the
interviewer. Respondents may try to present themselves in a good light (a
phenomenon called the social desirability response), or they may even deliberately
mislead the interviewer. Finally, when respondents answer questions about sensitive
subjects, such as sexual behaviour, they are often less candid in face-to-face
interviews than in self-administered or computerized questionnaires (Tourangeau,
Smith, & Rasinski, 1997).
sure that all collected data is relevant. Unlike a scientific report, there is no strict set
of rules so the most important part is making sure that the study is focused and
concise; otherwise you will end up having to wade through a lot of irrelevant
information. It is best if you make yourself a short list of 4 or 5 bullet points that you
are going to try and address during the study. If you make sure that all research
refers back to these then you will not be far wrong. Analysing results for a case study
tends to be more opinion based than statistical methods. The usual idea is to try and
collate your data into a manageable form and construct a narrative around it. Use
examples in your narrative whilst keeping things concise and interesting. It is useful
to show some numerical data but remember that you are only trying to judge trends
and not analyse every last piece of data. Constantly refer back to your bullet points
so that you do not lose focus. It is always a good idea to assume that a person
reading your research may not possess a lot of knowledge of the subject so try to
write accordingly. In addition, unlike a scientific study which deals with facts, a case
study is based on opinion and is very much designed to provoke reasoned debate.
There really is no right or wrong answer in a case study.
this type of research. Each can provide different benefits, depending on what is
being explored. The investigator has the ability to tailor make the experiment for their
own special situation, while still remaining in the validity of the experimental research
design
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CORRELATION
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***
CAUSATION!!!
Variable:
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5.0 CONCLUSION
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BIBLIOGRAFI
1. M.Filipowich, 2016.What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of
Correlation Research. Retrieved from:
http://www.ehow.com/info_8359597_advantages-disadvantagescorrelation-research.html
2. M.Filipowich, 2016.What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of
Correlation Research. Retrieved from:
http://www.ehow.com/info_8359597_advantages-disadvantagescorrelation-research.html
3. Source: Boundless. Experimental Research. Boundless Psychology.
Boundless, 08 Jan. 2016. Retrieved 14 Mar. 2016 from
https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundlesspsychology-textbook/researching-psychology-2/types-of-researchstudies-27/experimental-research-126-12661/
4. SAURAB, 2012 .What are the Advantages of Experimental Method of
Psychology? Retrieved
from :http://www.preservearticles.com/201101283757/advantages-ofexperimental-method.html
5. Kendra. C, 2016. What is naturalistic observation? Retrieved from:
http://psychology.about.com/od/nindex/g/naturalistic.htm
6. Martyn Shuttleworth (Apr 1, 2008). Case Study Research Design.
Retrieved :Mar 14, 2016 fromhttps://explorable.com/case-studyresearch-design
7. Andy. S, (2012). Psychology Research Methods: Core
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