Microstrip Filters for RF

Microwave Application
Instructor: Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu
National Taiwan University
Institute of Communications Engineering
EMC Lab

Prof. T. L. Wu

Filter networks are used to select/reject or separate/combine signals at different

frequencies in a host of RF/microwave systems and equipment. Although the
physical realization of filters at RF/microwave frequencies may vary, the circuit
network topology is common to all.

it is useful to be able to describe the operation of a microwave network such as

a filter in terms of voltages, currents, and impedances in order to make optimum
use of low-frequency network concepts.

It is the purpose of this chapter to describe various network concepts and

provide equations that are useful for the analysis of filter networks.

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu



Network Variables
Scattering Parameters
Impedance and Admittance Parameters
ABCD Parameters
Transmission Line Networks
Network Connections
Symmetrical Network Analysis
Equivalent and Dual Networks
Prof. T. L. Wu

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Network Variables
Note that the voltage and current variables are complex
amplitudes when we consider sinusoidal quantities.

V
an = n (incident wave)
Z on

bn =

Vn
(reflected wave)
Z on
+

Vn = Vn + Vn = Z on (an + bn )
In =

1
+

(Vn Vn ) =
Z on

1
( an bn )
Z on

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

an =

1 Vn
(
+ Z on I n )
2 Z on

bn =

1 Vn
(
Z on I n )
2 Z on

Pn =

1
1
*
*
*
Re Vn I n = an an bn bn
2
2

] [

Prof. T. L. Wu

Scattering Parameters

S=

Z on bn
V
= +
=
+
V
an
V
Z on

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Scattering Parameters
For filter characterization, we may define two parameters:

where LA denotes the insertion loss between ports n and m and LR represents the
return loss at port n.
The definition of VSWR is
phase delay, defined by

group delay, defined by

express the reflection parameter
S11 in terms of the terminal impedance
Z01 and the so-called input impedance

power conservation condition

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Scattering Parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Impedance & Admittance

Parameters

Z ij =

Vi
Ij

Yij =

Ii
Vj

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Impedance & Admittance

Parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Impedance & Admittance

Parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Prof. T. L. Wu

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

ABCD Parameters

A1
C
1

V1 A1
I = C
1 1

B1
D1

B1 V2 A1

=
D1 I 2 C1

A2
C
2

B1 A2

D1 C 2

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

B2
D2

B2 V3 A

=
D2 I 3 C

B V3

D I 3
Prof. T. L. Wu

Some useful two-port networks

and their ABCD parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

TRANSMISSION LINE
NETWORKS
Z02

lossless

an open circuit or a short circuit at one terminal of a two-port transmission line network

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Connections

Parallel

Series

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Connections

Cascade

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Network Parameter Conversion

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Symmetrical Network Analysis

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Example

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Even and Odd Mode

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

4-port S-parameters

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Multiport Networks

Networks that have more than two ports may be referred to as the multiport networks.

For a reciprocal network,

For lossless passive network

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Multiport Networks

Assume that an M1-port network N and an M2-port network N connect each other at c
pairs of ports.

where

all the connections satisfy the relations

Prof. T. L. Wu

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Multiport Networks

using

using

where

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Equivalent and Dual Networks

Two networks are said to be equivalent if the matrices of their corresponding network parameters are equal,
irrespective of the fact that the networks may differ greatly in their configurations and in the number of
elements possessed by each.

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

Equivalent and Dual Networks

In accordance with this definition, an inductance of x henries is dual to a capacitance of x

farads, a resistance of x ohms is dual to a conductance of x mhos, a short circuit is the
dual of an open circuit, a series connection is the dual of parallel connection, and so on.

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu

T parameter

a1 T11 T12 b2
b = T T a
1 21 22 2

T11
T
21

1
T12 S 21
=
T22 S11
S 21

S 22
S 21 S11
,
S S
S12 11 22 S 21
S 21

T21
S12 T11
=
S 22 1
T11

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

T21T12
T11

T
12
T11

T22

Prof. T. L. Wu

T parameter

a1 x T x11 T x12 b2 x a1 y T y11 T y12 b2 y

b = x
, = y
x
y
1 x T 21 T 22 a2 x b1 y T 21 T 22 a2 y
a1 x T x11 T x12 T y11 T y12 b2 y

b = x
x y
y
1 x T 21 T 22 T 21 T 22 a2 y

Microstrip Filters for RF Microwave Application

Prof. T. L. Wu