Heraldry Ancient and Modern

ACHIEVEMENT OF ARMS
OF
"^mv^HSITY^
<Jr
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
^==ILBERT HENRY HEATHCOTE-DRUMMOND WILLOUGHBY,
*''^
TWENTY-FOURTH BARON WILLOUGHBY DB BRBSBY,

HEREDITARY LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN OF ENGLAND,
SBCONU BARON AVELAND AND A DARONBT.
H E R AL DRY
^nrient
a;nir
gt0ba^tr.
INCLUDING
BOUTELL'S HERALDRY,
EDITED AND REVISED, WITH ADDITIONS,
S. T.
AVELING.
h
With
488 Ujlu^tration^.
Op
LONDON AND NEW YORK:
FREDERICK WARNE AND

1890.
CO.
MORRISON AND GIBB, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
GILBERT HENRY HEATHCOTE-DRUMMOND WILLOUGIIBY

24TH BARON WILLOUGHBY DE ERESBY
HEREDITARY LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN OF ENGLAND

2ND
BARON AVELAND AND A BARONET

THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

fc^
|T
is
Edition of " Heraldry
3 iB
it
art of
We
pleasant to be told by
readers of the First
Ancient and Modern
they obtained their
first
" that
from
taste for, or interest in, the
Heraldry.
word spoken, a mere
are taught that a single
syllable
thrown into the
seeing that there
which
many
it
is
air,
no rim against which
can possibly
arrive.
articulate
reverberates through space for ever,
Similarly I
ingenious speculation) that those
it
can
strike,
no end
at
would hope (not as an
who have enjoyed
the study of
Heraldry may, each in turn, contribute in some measure to extend

the knowledge of this delightful science and help to remove the
ignorance and confusion which
and
ceases to violate, its
simple
exists, until
rules.
Rochester,
yuly, 1890
vii
every person knows,
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

|URING
the
many
Heraldry has afforded me,
that there were so few of
my
could share in
my
art
them a kindred
cultivating in
the study of
have frequently regretted
immediate friends who
enjoyment, or who had any love for
charming and fascinating
much
pleasant hours which
I therefore lost
taste,
this
most
no opportunity of
and, in some instances, with
success.
Having so
far
succeeded at home, I was induced to wish for an
extension of that appreciation abroad, and, to forward such wish,
commenced
this
volume.
During the progress of the book, an opportunity occurred of

purchasing the copyright of Boutell's large work on the same
subject,
and that portion most useful
to the student is herewith
incorporated.
The numerous
writers
make
its
allusions to Heraldry
by our best poets and
study almost a necessity.
Shakspeare, Scott,
and Tennyson cannot possibly be understood without a know-,

ledge of Heraldry
will derive
and
would express a hope that every student
from the graceful
art the
same
gratification that
it
has
given me.
S.
Rochester,
October^ 1873.
vui
T. A.
CONTENTS.
Page
Preface to Second Edition
vii
Preface to First Edition
viii
List of Illustrations
Introduction.
of Badges
xv
Antiquity and
Unauthorized
Origin of Armorial Devices
use of
Arms
Heraldry
the
Early use
handmaid of
History
CHAPTER
The Shield. Its
Points
Varieties of
Architectural
Shape
I.
at different
Periods Its Parts and
Representations of the Shield
Escutcheons of
6
Ladies
CHAPTER
The Tinctures. Metals,
Colours, and
XL
Furs Method
the various Tinctures in uncoloured illustrations
CHAPTER
of Representing
.11
III.
Partition Lines. Methods of dividing a Shield into two or more parts

Terms applied to the Divisions and Subdivisions Ornamental
Divisional Lines
17
CHAPTER
IV.
Honourable Ordinaries and their Diminutives. Chief,

Bend, Fesse, Cross,
Saltire, &c.
by them on the Field
their
Pale,
Form, and the space occupied

20
C0N7ENTS.
CHAPTER
SUBORDINARIES.
V.
Canton, Gyron, Inescutcheon, Orle, Tressure, Lozenge,
Fusil, Frette, Flanch,
Masde, Rustre, Label,
Billet,
Page
Bordure, Pile,
28
Flasque
CHAPTER VL
Roundels. Bezant,
Plate, Hurte, Torteau, Pomme, Golp, Pellet,

Orange, Guze, Fountain Various Shields illustrating Roundels
34
CHAPTER Vn.
The
Cross.
Its
Heraldic varieties
Crosses
formed of four or more
Charges
38
CHAPTER
Varied Fields. Paly, Bendy,
Vin.
Barry, Lozengy, Fusilly,
CHAPTER
Diaper. Its
47
52
IX.
application to Seals, Painted Glass. &c.
CHAPTER
Chequy
X.
Varieties and Combinations of Ordinaries. Accidental

of OrdinariesCharges arranged in the form of Ordinaries
positions
.
55
CHAPTER XL
Coats op Arms.The
Surcoat, Cyclas, Jupon, Tabard, Mantle
63
CHAPTER XIL
Charges.
^The Lion
and of the
in its various Attitudes
Cbue Birds,
Fish, Reptiles,
Various Animals of Prey

and Insects
.75
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
Blazoning.
XIII.
Page
Heraldic Language
98
CHAPTER
Glossary.
xi
Titles,
XIV.
Names, and Terms
103
CHAPTER
XV.
Order Combination Quartering Dimidiation ImArms of Alliance, Augmentation, and PretenceThe Ac-
Marshalling.
palement
210
cessories of the Shield
CHAPTER
Cadency and Differencing.
XVI.
Marks of Cadency Ancient and Modem
Differences of Illegitimacy
System of Differencing
CHAPTER
Royal Heraldry. Arms
Heraldic Crowns
CHAPTER
261
XVIII.
of the English Sovereigns and of the Royal
278
Princes and Princesses
CHAPTER
Augmentation.
233
XVII.
Crowns, Coronets, &c. Royal Crowns and Coronets

and Coronets Cap of Maintenance Mitres
....
OriginExamples
XIX.
.
3^4
CHAPTER XX.
297
Crests.
CHAPTER
XXI.
Badges. Use of Royal and Noble Badges Punning Devices Knots
303
CONTENTS.
xii
CHAPTER
Supporters.Introduction of Royal
War-cry, Allusive, and
Page
315
Supporters
CHAPTER
Mottoes.
XXII.
XXIII.
Religious Royal Mottoes, and Mot-
toes of the Knightly Orders
321
CHAPTER XXIV.
Helmets.
Saxon, Norman, and MediaevalHeraldic Helms of Princes,
Nobles, Baronets, and Esquires
325
CHAPTER XXV.
Genealogies.
Examples of Arrangement
332
CHAPTER XXVI.
Precedence
337
CHAPTER
College op Arms. Its
constitution
CHAPTER
Flags. Pennon,
XXVII.
and purpose
....
342
XXVIII.
Banner, Standard, and Ensign
355
CHAPTER XXIX.
Official and Corporate Heraldry. Arms of English Sees and Universitics
361
CHAPTER XXX.
Miscellaneous. Archilcclural and Monumental Heraldry Emblems
of the Evangelist*Tricking Book.PlatesModern Grants of Arms 365
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
Knighthood.
Orders of the Garter,
Its Antiquity
Page
Thistle, St. Patrick,
Bath, St. Michael, and St. George, and the Star of India.
tions of
Honour
Victoria Cross, Albert Medal, &c. &c.

CHAPTER
Seals and Coins.
Legal value of
Decora.
.372
XXXII.
Seals.
Design and workmanship in
Seal Engraving
GENERAL INDEX
392
405
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Frontispiece
....
Paê
Page
Heraldic Shield
Shield from the Percy
monument
Eltham
31.
32.
33.
a bouche
Ditto
ditto
Ditto
ditto
Shield
Heraldic Shield
Shield
The
boicche
Points of the Shield
St. Albans...
17
Ditto
Saltire
17
Ditto
Chevron
36.
Engrailed
37.
Invected
38.
Wavy
39.
Nebulee
19
40.
Indented
19
41.
42.
Dancette
Embattled
19
10
43.
Ragulee
or
12
44.
Dovetail
12
45.
Potentee
ditto
13
46.
Shield of the City of
Gules
ditto
AChief.
13
47.
Sable
ditto
13
48.
ditto
13
49.
A Pale
A Pallet
Purpure
ditto
13
50.
An
Ermine
Ermines
14
51.
14
52.
Erminois
14
53.
14
54.
Ditto, Ancient
14
55.
Counter-Vair
14
56.
Potent
14
57.
Counter-Potent
14
58.
Early Ermine Spots
16
59.
Shield divided per Pale
17
60.
Ditto
Fesse
17
61.
Ditto
Cross
17
62.
19
19
ditto
Vert
18
Undee
Or, represented in engraving
Modem
18
Quartered
Argent
Azure
Vair,
17
Quarterly of Eight
35.
Example of Shield from
34.
Bend
Shield divided per
Ditto
Achievement of Arms of Humphrey

Stafford
Page
from monument of John of
Ditto
ii
Endorse
A Bend
A Bendlet
A Cost
A Riband
A Bend Sinister
A Scarp
A Baton
A Fesse
A Bar
A Closet
A Barrulet
A Cross
19
19
19
19
19
London
20
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
Page
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
21
110.
21
in. Ditto Patriarchal
21
112. Ditto
Nowed
21
113. Ditto
The Canton
ThcGyron
The Incscutcheon
TheOrle
29
114. Ditto,
29
115. Ditto
29
it6.
29
117. Ditto
29
118. Ditto
Quadrate
Four Fusils in
of Four Ermine Spots
Patee
Patee Concaved
Patonce
29
119. Ditto Fleurie
29
120. Ditto
Urdee
29
I2T. Ditto
Recercelee
31
122.
31
123. Ditto Fleurettee
31
124. Ditto
TheTressurc
The Lozenge
79.
The
The Frette
TheFIanch
The Mascle
The Rustre
The Label
The Billet
8a
ITie Bordure
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
Page
A Sahire
A Chevron
A Chevronel
A Chief
Fusil
Cross Quarterly
Ditto
39
39
39
39
41
41
41
41
42
42
42
43
Ditto Crosslet
43
43
Patee entire
43
31
125.
Fragment of a Shield
33
126.
Ancient Shield of the Nevilles
47
33
127.
ArmsofDcGrey
48
48
at
Whatton
...
46
81.
The
Pile
33
128.
Paly of Six
8a.
TheFlasque
33
129.
83.
The Bezant
The Plate
The Hurte
34
130.
48
34
131.
Bendy of Ten
Barry Bendy
Paly Bendy
34
132.
Lozengy
48
TheTorteau
The Pomrae
34
133.
Fusilly
48
34
134.
Chequy
48
34
13s.
48
34
136.
Barry Nebulee of Six

Paly
34
137.
Gyronny of Eight
34
138.
34
Barry Pily
14a Compony
141. Counter-Compony
51
51
84.
85.
86.
87.
88. ThcGolp
89. The Pellet
9a The Orange
gz. TheGuzc
93. The Founuin
93. Arms of Grcnville
36
Ditto
Six
139.
48
48
50
50
50
50
51
Ditto
Earl of Bradford
36
95.
Ditto
Haynes
36
142. Counter- Changed
96.
Ditto
Wellcslcy
36
X43.
97.
Ditto
Wake
36
144.
98.
Ditto
Boughey
36
145.
99.
Shield of Effigy at Whitworth
37
146.
Bordure Bendy
51
Shield of Robert de Vere
5a
Ditto
Foubert de Doure
5a
Diaper of the Seal of Thomas Plan-
loa Arms of the Crusader Kings of Jerusalem

38
147.
Arms
loi. Ditto
38
X48.
Chief Engrailed
94.
ditto
ditto
tagenct,
K.G
of the City of Rochester
Fbmant
39
103. Ditto
Raguly
39
149. Fesse and Canton

15a Chief and Saltirc
104. Ditto
Engrailed
39
151.
39
xsa.
loa.
los.
Cross
Ditto of Six Fillett
10& Ditto Double parted

107. Ditto Voided
39
X53.
39
154.
Bend
Fesse and Bend
Bend Cotiscd
Ditto Removed or Fractcd
Ditto
108. Ditto
Fimbriated
39
155. Ditto
109. Ditto
Pterced
39
15&
Two
Arched
Bends
54
55
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
56
XVII
Page
157-
Bend Wavy
158. Ditto
Vair
159. Ditto Fleury Counter-FIeury
Page
Form of Lions
56
201. Conventional
56
202.
Shield of Effigy of a Knight of the
Edward II
Shield of Abbot Ramryge
85
time of
56
87
Chevron Abaisse
Ditto Reversed
Ditto Couched
56
203.
56
163.
Bendlets Engrailed
56
164.
Three Pallets
Three Chevrons interlaced
Fesse between Two Chevrons
Chevron Couped
Arms of Byron
56
from the tomb of

William de Valence
90
205. Imperial Eagle from a monument at
King's Langley
91
56
206. Shield of
160.
161.
162.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
56
Declare
Ditto
m base
97
of
207.
Ancient
208.
Coudiere and Knot
Shield
France,
from
Westminster Abbey
57
58
Three Piles meeting
William Longspee, Earl
of Salisbury
56
56
88
204. Imperial Eagle,
100
102
Achievement of Arms
59
of
John
Daubygne
171.
Ditto
transposed
59
172.
Ditto
in point
59
210.
Admiralty Flag
173-
Ditto
terminating in fesse
59
211,
Annulets Conjoined
107
De Neville
De Lacy
60
212.
Annulet
107
Barnacles or Breys
113
174-
Early Shield of
175-
Ditto
176.
Fusils in Fcsse
177.
Lozenges conjoined
178.
Ditto
Bend
180.
Lances
Swords
213.
214.
61
215- Caltraps or Galtraps
61
216.
61
217.
in Fesse
6i
218
in Saltire
61
219.
in pale
179.
181.
in fesse
60
61
of Fusils
104
106
Ditto
113
120
120
Ditto
Chess Rook
124
Ditto
124
Early example of Clarion or Rest... 125
182.
Bezants in Cross
61
220.
Ditto
ditto
...
125
183.
Bend
Arms of Champagne
61
221.
Ditto
ditto
...
125
62
222.
Ditto
ditto
...
184.
Arrow
in
185. Effigy of
Henry,
first
Duke
of Lan-
caster
186.
187.
190.
191.
65
223.
Counter-Changed
224.
Covered Cup
125
130
132
Jupon from the effigy of Sir Edmund

de Thorpe
67
Tabard of John Feld
69
Mantle of Lady Tiptoft
74
Crown and Shield of the time of
225. Crescent
227.
Eagle Displayed, from the monument of Abbot Ramryge

137
Dolphin from the Brass to Nicholas
Henry III
Lion Rampant
75
228.
Aumberdene
Arms of Hay
78
229.
Shield of the Black Prince
145
78
230.
Early example of Fleur-de-lis
149
Guardant
Reguardant
Ditto
Ditto
226.
132
138
143
78
231.
Ditto
ditto
149
Lion Sejant Rampant
78
232.
Ditto
ditto
149
194.
DittoSejant
78
233.
Ditto
ditto
149
195-
Ditto Dismembered
78
234- Fylot or Fylfot
192.
193.
196. Crest of the
Duke
of Northumber-
land
197.
The Howard Lion
198.
Lion Coward
199.
Conventional
2CX3.
Form
Ditto
of Lions
235- Galley or
151
Lymphad
15''
81
236.
Arms
81
237.
Guttee du sang
156
reversed
15^
82
238. Ditto
84
239-
84
240.
152
of Chester
160
Hemp-brake or Hackle
160
Ditto
XVlll
Page
241.
Arms
of Leveson
Thomas Lucy
Early example of Maunche
242. Seal of Sir
Page
Wood
166
2S4.
Arms
169
285.
Impaled Shield of
Arms
of
223
Wood and
Ellis 223
of Ellis
172
286.
244.
Ditto
ditto
172
287.
245.
Ditto
ditto
172
288.
Quartered Arms of Stafford and
173
289.
Arms of Stafford impaling Campbell
173
290. Illustration of
243.
246.
Maunche with Arm
247.
Merchant's
248.
Ditto
Ditto
227
Butler
172
Mark
223
Stafford
227
Marshalling
227
227
249. Collar of
Mermaids
173
291.
Ditto
227
250. Millrind
or Millrine
173
292.
Ditto
227
173
293.
Ditto
227
251. Millrind
252.
Ditto
173
294.
Ditto
227
253.
Ditto
173
295.
Ditto
227
Collar of John Baret 174
296.
De Mortimer
229
854,
Monogram and
255.
257.
Panache from the

John Lord Scrope
Penner and Inkhom
Pheon
258.
Pommel
256.
Stall-Plate
of
259.
260.
a6i.
Arms
of Hesse Darmstadt
Rose of York and Lancaster
264.
265.
266.
Ditto
ditto
181
299.
181
300.
Ditto
Queen Philippa of Hainault 232

Ditto Edward I., as Prince Royal 233
Example of Label
236
Ditto
Ditto
301.
236
Examples of Labels 237
and C.
302. A. B.
186
303. Shield of
Henry Plantagenet of
Bolingbroke
189
303 A.
189
303B.
Arms
of
De
237
Courtenay
238
Ditto
304. Shield of Sir
238
Edward de Montague 240
305.
Ditto
William Le Latymer
241
306.
Ditto
Thomas Le Latymer
241
307.
Ditto
De
Grandison
308. Differenced Shield of
247
De Grandison
247
205
309.
Ditto
ditto
...
208
310.
Ditto
ditto
247
ditto
...
208
311.
Ditto
ditto
247
Ditto
ditto
Early example of Water Bouget
269.
229
ditto
183
Salamander
191
Scaling- Ladder
;
192
Shield and Supporters of Jaspar
Tudor, K.G
198
Turnpike
205
267. Turnstile
268.
298.
189
262. Rose-en-soleil
263.
179
of
Ditto
297.
of the Sword-hilt of the
Black Prince
Arms
27a
Ditto
ditto
...
208
312.
ayx.
Ditto
ditto
...
208
313. Shield of Neville differenced
247
247
with
272. Shield of
John de Hastings, K.G.

Joan de Warrenne
210
273. Seal of
212
314. Ditto with a Fleur-de-lis
253
Saint Quintin
212
315. Ditto with a Mullet

316. Ditto with a Label
253
317. Ditto with
ditto
253
214
318. Ditto with
ditto
253
215
319. Ditto with a
...
215
...
215
320. Ditto with a Martlet

321. Ditto with a Rose
274
Ditto
275.
Sccretum of Thomas Plantagenet... 213
376. Seal of Elizabeth
Lady
Matilda de
277. Ditto
Bardolph... 214
Filliol
279.
Ditto
Earldom of Essex
Hereford Earldom
a8o.
Ditto
Earldom of Essex
278. Shield of the
...
381.
Quartered Shield of Arms borne by
282.
Arms
383.
Impaled Shield of Clare and
Isabella,
Queen of Edward H.
...
of the Cinque Ports
gerald
a Crescent
253
Roundel
253
353
353
353
322. Ditto with a Cinquefoil
319
323. Ditto
231
324.
Fitz-
325.
221
326.
253
with two Annulets interlaced 253
The Label
The Crescent
The Mullet
255
255
25s
XIX
Page
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
The
The
The
The
The
The
255
368.
Annulet
255
369. Shield of
Fleur-de-lis
255
370.
Rose
255
Cross Moline
255
371. Shield of
Double Quatrefoil
255
Ralph de Arundel
256
Mantling of George Plantagenet,
372. Shield of
333. Shield of
334.
Page
Royal Arms
Martlet
K.G
258
278
Henry of Lancaster
280
Henry Plantagenet of Bo-
Ditto
lingbroke
281
Henry
V., as Prince of
Wales
282
Arms
of the late Prince
Consort
284
373. Shield of
Arms of
the Prince of
335".
Mantling of Earl Rivers
258
336.
Henry Bourchier, K.G.

Crown from the monument of Margaret, Countess of Richmond
Crown of Edward II
Ditto
Henry IV
Ditto
Henry VII
Imperial Crown
State Crown of Her Majesty the
Queen
258
374.
261
375.
Wales
286
Diagram of the Shield of the Princess of Wales
287
Shield of the Pnnce of Wales im-
262
376.
Label of the Prince of Wales
263
377.
Ditto
the Princess Royal
290
263
378.
Ditto
Prince Alfred
290
379.
Ditto
the Princess Alice
290
264
380.
Ditto
Prince Arthur
290
Coronet of the late Prince Consort 265

344. Prussian Crown
265
345. Coronet of H.R.H. the Prince of
381.
Ditto
the Princess Helena
290
382.
Ditto
Prince Leopold
290
the Princess Louisa
290
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
Ditto
343.
Wales
346.
347.
Duke's Coronet
Marquess's Ditto
Ditto
348. Earl's
349.
267
384.
Arms
385.
Augmented
386.
Pelham
Shield of Harpur Crewe, Bart
the Princess Beatrice
of Arthur Wellesley,
387.
269
388.
Molesworth
Coronet
269
389.
Ditto
269
390.
353.
Ducal
Ditto
270
354.
391. Crested
355.
Example of Crown from St Albans 271

Mural Crown
272
356.
Naval Ditto
392. Crest of Sir
357.
Crown Vallary
272
Eastern Crown
272
Crest and Cap of Maintenance of
Lord Dynham, K.G
273
359.
360.
Mitre of Archbishop Cranley
Ditto
395.
Ditto
Ditto
Newcombe
301
Ditto
Cape
301
Archbishop Hamsett
273
399.
(modern)
275
365.
Ditto
276
400.
276
401.
277
402.
Kings-of-Arras... 277
403.
(modem)
Crown
Crown of Herald
366. Imperial
567.
ditto
of Austria
300
300
ditto
397.
Ditto
Durham
299
396.
362.
ditto
297
Quintin 299
274
398. Seal of
Bishop of
St.
Crest-Wreath
Tyndall
274
Ditto
Thomas de
394. Crest of
Bishop Goodryke
Ditto
296
Helm from Cobham Church,
Kent
Ditto
364.
294
Duke
of Marlborough
393.
293
295
of Spencer Churchill,
361.
363.
Howard
294
Astley Baron Hastings... 295
Ditto
Baron's
272
292
Shield of
Ditto
Arms
290
Duke of
Wellington
352.
358.
of Cambridge... 290
383.
383 A. Ditto
Coronet of Earl and Countess of
351. Viscount's
Duke
290
267
268
Arundel
the
Ditto
288
266
Fitzalan, Earl
of Arundel
350.
382 A. Ditto
268
Thomas
Coronet of
Denmark
paling
262
Edmund
de Arundel
302
Tudor Rose from the Coffin of

303
Queen Elizabeth
White Hart, Badge of Richard II. 304
306
Badge of Richard II
Prince Edward
307
Ditto
Ditto
Prince Aithur
307
XX
404. Heraldic
Page
Rose from Pulham, Nor-
Arms
of Earl
311
445.
446.
Head
408.
of
Ram
Ram from
St.
Albans
...
hampstede
410. Stafford
Knot
443.
447.
Arms
of Munguldass
Symbol of the Holy Trinity

370
Helm, Crest, &c., of Porter 371
312
448.
313
449. Shield.
Bourchier ditto
313
450. Shield of
412.
Heneage
313
451.
ditto
413.
Wake and Ormond
414.
Lacy
415.
Bowen
416.
Dacre
Badge of
Edward
452. Collar of ditto
313
453. Garter
ditto
313
454. Star of ditto
ditto
455.
417. Harrington ditto
314
314
Hungerford
314
457. Star of ditto
315
458.
ditto
419. Supporter of the Neville Shield
...
III
372
the Order of the Garter 375
313
ditto
ditto
Nuthoobhoy 365
Cowasjee Jehangier
366
Do- Cursetjee Furdoonjee Paruk 367
Ditto
411.
375
and Motto of
ditto
375
377
Thistle 380
Badge of the Order of the
380
381
Badge of the Order of
St.
Patrick 382
420. Seal of
421.
John Earl of Arundel

317
Shield and Supporters of Abbot
460.
Sur
319
461.
Badge of the Order of the Bath
422.
Ramryge
Example of Helmet
325
Ditto
325
463. Star of the
423.
383
386
387
426.
Helm
437. Basinet
and Camail of the Black
Prince
428.
429.
326
327
Helm, Crest, &c,, of Sir E. de

Thorpe
328
Helm of the
Sovereign
329
465. Star of the
390
390
467.
Badge of
468.
Seal of Beatrice of Portugal
ditto
469. Early Seal of

470.
Ditto
471.
Ditto
472.
Ditto
430.
Princes and Nobles
329
431.
Ditto
Baronet
330
473.
432.
Ditto
Esquire
330
474.
Example of Helmet from Cobham

Church
331
475.
433.
Order of the Star of
India
Ditto
476.
Seal of the
De
St.
394
John
395
395
ditto
Dauphin Louis
396
Mauger le Vavassour
Secretum of Henry Plantagenet
Ditto
Example of Crested Helmet
331
Arms
342
479.
Ditto
349
48a
Ditto
437. Crest of the
Hydes
396
Ditto Thurstan
435.
of the Earl Marshal
394
ditto
436.
331
390
39a
Neville
477. Seal of John Lord Bardolph

Ditto William de Bohun
478.
434. Ditto
385
385
Knights G.C.B
425.
Ditto
...
Knights K.C.B
464.
of the Black Prince
382
of ditto
Helmet of William de Staunton ... 325

Tilting Helmet of the time of Edward III
326
424.
357
Rebus of Bishop Oldham

312
Badge of Abbot John de Wheat-
406. Collar of
418.
Warwick
311
309
Badge of De Bohun, from Westminster Abbey

310
407.
409.
Sail of
Standard of Henry Plantagenet of

Bolingbroke
358
444. Ancient Vane at Etchingham
360
444A. Bishop of Salisbury's Seal
364
folk
405.
Page
4,it-2.
397
...
398
398
399
Humphrey de Bohun
399
Thomas Plantagenet, K.G. 399
Thomas Holland, K.G. ... 400
438.
Arms
353
481.
Ditto
439.
Modem Hatchment
354
482.
Union Jack
Second ditto
355
484. Seal of John,
Ditto Richard Earl of Arundel... 401

Bishop of Salisbury 364
355
485.
440.
441.
First
of the Heralds' College
Arms of Lord Willoughby de Eresby

{^Frontispiece
BOUTELUS HERALDRY.
By AVELING.
INTRODUCTION.
ROM
the
earliest
history
of
the
world,
P^mblems, and Devices have been used.
world had not the use of
employed
sarily
things.
we read
to
letters,
Symbols,
When
the
these were neces-
convey ideas and express the meaning of
In early times ships had devices painted on the fore-deck:

that St.
and Pollux, and
Paul went
in
a vessel whose badge was Castor
previously, that the Tribes of Israel
had
their
respective ensigns.
It
the
has been argued in favour of the antiquity of Heraldry, that
Romans used
the eagle as an armorial ensign, and the Egyp1
HERALDRY.
tians
used the ox, &c., &c.
There are
also, doubtless,
on
instances of the antiquity of devices used

all this
numerous
battle shields; but
hieroglyphics of the ancients represented certain facts,
emblems some moral lesson ; but there

these
The
does not prove that Heraldry existed in those days.
is
and the
no connection between
and the present science of Heraldry.
Many
certainly
writers speak of the great antiquity of Heraldry
assumed no
definite or tangible
the twelfth century, and
it
was
left
it
shape until the end of
to the following centuries to
develop the charming and engrossing art to perfection.

possible the
but
It
is
same necessity which produced the symbols and
devices used in the early ages of the world's history, also called
forth those of the
middle ages.
By
bearing arms on a shield, and
adorning the crest of the helmet with some device, the warrior in
the middle ages collected his forces in the
his
enemy evidences of
The
century,
field,
and exhibited. to
his valour.
heraldic devices
that
were adopted in the thirteenth
when Heraldry was a recognized
science, were endless
in variety, " from the highest of things celestial to the lowest of

:
things terrestrial "
they partook of the ideal character of
all
symbols, but at the same time they were simple and expressive.
Sometimes the device represented some heroic deed

instance, in the
of
To
as,
for
arms of Sir William D'Aunay, hereafter spoken
represent
would necessarily
recorded, and the
some heroic deed of a man upon

find
favour with
his shield
him whose valour was thus
King who granted the
right to use such
memo-
INTRODUCTION.
rials
would see the advantage of encouraging the respect and
estimation in which such representation was held; and there

little
doubt that the " Iron Cross " of our own day
is
not more
is
valued than was the heraldic record of some glorious action placed
on the
shield of the mediaeval warrior.
In the middle ages armorial devices formed a language which

the most ignorant could understand
the learned
could alike read the s)aiibolic picture.

pictures were presented to the eye,
and the unlearned
In a thousand ways these
and the system was interwoven
with the character and teaching of the people.
Nearly every mansion was decorated with armorial insignia: the

ancestry of the family was
shown by the
shields in the upper parts
of the windows
From my own windows

Raz'd out
my
Save men's opinions, and
To show
my household
me no sign
my living blood
torn
the world I
am
a gentleman.
Shakspeare.
Every servant carried

boards of inns
families,
and
his master's
Richard
badge on
Rose
II. y
Act
II., Sc.
The
his arm.
i.
sign-
hostelries bore the crests or badges of noble
such as the " Bear and Ragged
Child," the "
coat,
impress, leaving
Staff,''
the " Eagle and
and Portcullis," the " Chequers," &c.
Those
of the mediaeval inns that were under the influence of the adjacent
abbey, or were the resting-places for the pilgrims, adopted the
symbols of the
Many
saints,
such as the cross keys of
St. Peter.
of these signs have remained to our day, especially the

1
2.
HERALDRY.
arms of the Dukes of Medici
the
three balls to be seen over
every pawnbroker's shop.
The Church
their
wisely favoured armorial bearings.
Knights carried
banners to be blessed by the priests before going to the Holy
Land, and on their return, these trophies, covered with honourable

decorative charges, were suspended in the churches, and being
more permanently displayed
perishable, the distinctions were
in
the glass of the windows, the frescoes of the walls, the encaustic
tiles
of the floor, or in the carved stone of the building.
But arms and ensigns must not be confused.

originally
badges and symbols of dignity, and no
a dignity to himself"
Herbert Spencer,
in
man
"Arms were
can arrogate
one of
his essays
published in the " AVestminster Review" in 1854, says: "Coats of
arms which served to distinguish
men
in battle,
carriage panels of retired tradesmen.

military rank,
partially created
military 'little go'
The name
servitude.
is
Baron
Knighthood has so
now honour
Mr.
if
S.
modern
Baron who had passed
his
ceased to be an honour, that
far
says
interest, or party
men
it."
" In the early days of Heraldry,
the arms belonging to another family, he was
proceeded against by the
were he to
the
Banneret, which onoe
by wealth, or
themselves by declining
GouGH Nichols
man adopted
on the
now, under the modification of Baronet,
applicable to any one favoured

feeling.
figure
Once a badge of high
shoulder-knot has become, on
the
footman, a mark of
marked a
now
rightful
owner as a man would be now
steal the property of another/'
and he quotes the great
INTRODUCTION.
case of Sir
Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor,
in
August, 1385, respecting the right to the arms "azure, a bend or,"
to
show how jealous men were,
armour.
Now we
those days, of their coat
in
see the arms of
some
extinct noble family-
painted on the carriage of some wealthy owner of a similar name.
Great assistance
may be
derived from Heraldry by those engaged
in archaeological pursuits;
by
its
that
help families
is
may be
it
is
the "
importance.
discourse, or
may be ranked
David Lloyd
may be made
says
" It
is
is
much
Whe-
clear.
as an art or a science
naked diversion of
piece of knowledge*"
of History," and
traced from root to branch, and
obscure in alliance, dates, &c.,
ther Heraldry
Handmaid
of
little
not a bare ornament
leisure time,
of
but a most weighty
CHAPTER
I.
THE SHIELD.
THE
Shield or Escutcheon of the noble
bore emblazoned upon

identify
him
in the field,
in the
middle ages
certain devices which served to
it
and he bore these charges or devices as
the soldier of the present day bears his medals or other honourable
distinctions.
shields
The
may be
earliest
said to have
of these heraldic embellishments of
been
in the reign of
Richard
I.
Shields in Heraldry are also called Escutcheons, or Scutcheons,
derived from the word
sciitiim,
a hide.
of wood, covered with the hide of
These were generally made
some animal
killed in the chase,
or with thin metal.
The shape
of the shield has varied in different ages from the
purest and simplest form to the most elaborate and fantastic.
The Norman
shields were long
and tapering;
to these succeeded
short, almost triangular-shaped shields, having the contour of an
inverted arch, slightly
stilted.
The
equilateral
form became pre-
valent early in the fourteenth century, at which period several
modifications of the prevailing form were introduced.
In the next century the shields were shortened, and as

their
it
advanced
fonn was altogether changed, and became square, the outlines
THE SHIELD.
being produced by a series of concaves.
In these shields a curved
cut out, for the lance to pass through, in the dexter chief;
notch
is
when
thus pierced the shield was said to be a bonche.
No.
The
heraldic shield
and sometimes
The
is
No.
2.
3-
sometimes represented
as having a ridge dividing
illustration
No.
is
The use
monument
monument
of
at
John of
Westminster Abbey, a.d. 1336.
in
No.
convex,
in pale.
taken from the Percy
Beverley, a.d. 1350, and No. 3 from the
Eltham,
it
slightly
5.
No.
No.
6.
of the shield for
its
7.
No.
8.
original defensive purpose has long
insigina
since passed away, but the practice of placing heraldic
upon
shields has
been retained.
HERALDRY,
The Points of
positions
a,
shield are certain parts
for instance
The
exact centre of the shield.

the various positions
There are
the Dexter or
honourable than the Sinister or
more honourable than the Base
The
shield bears
which cover the
side (a, No. 9),

side (b, No. 9).
him
left
The
field
is
more
its
external surface, the
sinister or left side of the shield are those
when holding
the
therefore the side of the shield which
that opposite the right
top of the shield
of the shield or escutcheon
the technical
the
or lower part.
(c,
names of which
are
at
it,
hand
No. 9)
is
is
is
is
the dexfer
the sinister
the
chief,
and
the bottom (d, No. 9) the base.
The
is
and the Chief or upper part
hand of the person looking
and
to their
that which
right side of a shield
right or left side of a warrior
shield in front of
opposite to the
left,
is
different degrees of rank in
ornamentation on
its
and
dexfer or right side
named according
" Fesse Point "
is
divided into
mne pointSy
THE SHIELD,
The knowledge
of these positions should be well observed and
kept distinctly in mind.
The escutcheons
of unmarried gentlewomen and widows, and
No. lo. Achievement of
From
noble ladies
Arms of Humphrey Stafford,
his Garter-Plate ad
Windsor.
who have married commoners,
diamond-shaped.
1300.
are always lozenge or
This custom was not general
the fifteenth century, although instances are
a.d. 1460.
>
until the
known about
end of
the year
HERALDRY.
lO
The
shield was often represented as suspended from the guige^
or shield-beh,
and sometimes the long guige appeared on
of the shield, and was passed over a corbel.
either side
Some
beautiful
examples of these may be seen in Westminster Abbey.
The
shield occasionally
is
represented couche^ that
is,
from the corner, an arrangement supposed to have had

in the
pendent
its
origin
custom of competitors who are said to have hung up
shields previous to a
tournament (No.
their
lo).
Merchants' marks appear represented on shields in monumental

brasses and in old
wood
carvings, notwithstanding the prohibition
by the heralds of the sixteenth century

of
cities,
and the heraldic insignia
towns, and corporations are and have been generally
represented on shields.
Na
zz. ExAMPLB OP Shield, from thb Abbey Church of St. Alban
CHAPTER
11.
THE TINCTURES.
NEXT
to the shield are the
Tinctures
that cover
tures are divided into Metals, Colours,
it.
Tinc-
and Furs.
Ancient heralds sometimes blazoned by the names oi planets and
by precious
stofies:
blazoning.
Sir
of the week,
names
t\\Q
for the
J.
besides these there were other fanciful ways of
Ferne
gives at least twelve of these.
principal parts of the body, &c., &c., supplied the

heraldic blazon.
In the present day
fortunately, one uniform set of terms
and make use
which
all
we
have,
heralds acknowledge
of.
There are two Metals employed

Silver.
The days
The former
is
in Heraldry, viz.
Gold and
represented in engraving by dots or pricks
(No. 12), and the latter by a plain surface (No. 13).
One Silvestre Petra Sancta, an

Heraldry contain
first
to have
came
valuable matter,
is
whose works on
said to have
been the
proposed the ingenious method of representing the
heraldic tinctures
dots
much
Italian writer,
by
lines
and
dots.
The
use of these lines and
into use about the time of the accession of the Stuarts
to the English crown.
HERALDRY
12
Gold and
silver are
blazoned
Or and Argent^ the
latter generally
abbreviated to arg. or ar.
No.
There are
No.
12.
five heraldic
Colours
13.
to these
some amiorists add
two more.
Azure
signifies blue,
Gules,
which
and
is
marked by horizontal
signifies red, is
lar,
which expresses
black,
(No. 14).
represented by perpendicular
drawn from the chief to the base of the shield (No.

Sable,
lines
by
lines horizontal
lines,
15).
and perpendicu-
crossing each other (No. 16).
Vert, indicating green,
by diagonal
lines
drawn from the dexter
chief to the sinister base of the shield (No. 17).
Purpure, representing purple, by diagonal lines drawn contrary to

those of vert (No. 18).
The two
colour,
other colours alluded to are tenne or tawney, the orange
which
is
horizontal lines;
indicated by diagonal lines as vert crossed by
and sanguine or murrey^ a dark redox
blood-colour,
expressed by diagonal lines X\Vq purpure,hMt. crossed by horizontal

lines.
THE TINCTURES.
No.
14.
No.
15.
Titles.
No
No.
16,
13
17.
No.
18.
HERALDRY.
No.
No.
19.
No.
No.
23,
20.
24.
the alternate ones reversed.
Its
No.
21.
No.
25.
name
No.
22.
No. 26
said to be derived from
is
a small beast having a white belly and blue-grey back, called varus
(Nos. 22 and 23).
If a field be blazoned vair^ the tinctures aie
understood to be argent and azure

tinctures, they
must be
would be blazoned
that vair can only
but
specified.
vaire,
if
the field be of any other
Thus,
or and gu.
be of the tinctures
if it
Some
ar,
be or and
gules,
it
heralds are of opinion
and
az.^
and the
varieties
of tinctures are mere phantasies of Leigh.
Leigh
gules,
6.
and
writes of " instances of vaire

it
is
is
when
Potent
same
and point against point No.

is
when
calls
the arrangement of the
varied so that those of the
against base
7.
was of great beauty and rarity,' and
Counter-vair
or bells
composed of ermine and
the field
is
it
gresly.
little
shields
tincture are placed base
24).
covered with figures of potents, or
THE TINCTURES.
crutclies.
of
Potent
is
now an
obsolete word.
15
Chaucer makes
use
in his description of old age
it
So
eld she
was
A-foote, but
Potent^ like vairy
it
that she ne
vfQXQ
went
hy poieid.
^,
of the alternate tinctures of argmt and aziirl
is
(No. 25).
Potent Counter-potent, sometimes called varry cuppy, differs
8.
from potent in that the potents of the same tincture are placed
base to base and point to point (No. 26).
Ermynites
is
a fur mentioned by some heralds, and
it
is
de
picted as erniine with a red hair on each side of the black.
Furs were always
much used
for the doublings of robes
common
Fur was probably a very
mantles.
and there
is little
doubt that
this is the
and
covering of shields,
cause of the very frequent
occurrence of ermine and vair in coat armour.
To
the foregoing
noticed
that
An
First, that
may be added two
points particularly to be
metals take precedence of colours.
Secondly,
no metal can be placed upon metal, or colour upon
old writer says
"And
gold and silver on
silk,
because
it
was the custom
to
colour.
embroider
or silk on cloth of gold and silver, the
herald did therefore appoint that in imitation of the clothes so
embroidered, colour shall never be used upon colour, nor metal
upon metal."
The
shield argeiit
is
said to
have anciently represented innocency
and humility, and the shield of a novice before going

generally white.
Or^ or gold,
is
said
to
war was
to represent wealth
and
HERALDRY.
i6
generosity
dence
vert^
aziire^
youth
charity
;
and so
courage
gules^
sahle^ grief
and
pru-
forth.
Figures borne upon a shield in their natural colours are described

3iS
proper or ppr.
The
tincture of a field
GuiLLiM mentions
gules
till
was often changed upon great occasions.
that the family of
their chief
was
Ker
of Cesfoord did bear
Gambspath, upon the Border,
killed at
fighting valiantly for his country;
whereupon King James IV.
appointed that for the future the House of Cesfoord should carry
verty in
remembrance of the green
No
27-
field
-Eariy Ermine
whereupon he was
Sioi5.
killed.
CHAPTER
III.
PARTITION LINES.
SHIELDS
are sometimes of one metal, colour, or
sometimes of more than one

is
There are
By
I.
a perpendicular
six
line,
and
in the latter case the shield
divided by a line or lines cutting through or across
ticular direction.
fur,
methods of dividing a
it
in a par-
shield.
termed Parted or Party per Pale
(No. 28)
No.
2.
28.
No.
29.
A horizontal
po' Fesse (No.

3.
No.
line
30.
No.
31.
No.
32.
No.
33.
through the middle, termed Parted or Party
29).
A perpendicular and a horizontal
line crossing,
termed Parted
or Party /^r Cross^ or Quarterly (No. 30).

4.
diagonal dexter
line,
termed Parted or Party per
Band
(No. 31).
5.
diagonal dexter and sinister, termed Parted or Party per
Saltire (No. 32).
HERALDRY,
i8
6.
Two
lines rising
from the dexter base and
sinister base,
and
meeting at the fesse point, termed Parted or Party per Chevron

(No. 33).
PARTITION LINES.
19
r^r^r^^/^sr-sr^y^s/^^r-sr^r No. 3 7.
Livected
Wavy or
Undee.
Nelmlee.
'\f\J^\f\f\J\f\^ No.
38.
No. 39.
<
\-zszszszs
v/WV\/WV^
No.
4a
Dancette
\./^^^^\^/'^^\n/ ^'
^ ^'
Embattled.
_J
Ragulee.
~ZyZ_y"^yZ_yZv^ No.
Indented.
LJ LJ
1_J
V No. 42.
43.
XZXZXZXZXZ^T No. 44.

? h H h H h H ^No. 45.
Dovetail
P^/^/^^.
Unless otherwise described, partition lines are
GuiLLiM says 7vavy

originally used in the
is
straiglit.
supposed to represent the waves, and was
arms of those who distinguished themselves
at sea.
Indented and dancette are not unlike each other, but the latter
has deeper and broader indents.
same
The various
lines are also
be understood that these

naries are
composed.
sional line of the chief
cross
These
lines
were probably the
originally.
may be
employed
to form Ordinaries.
It
must
lines are not ordinaries, but of these ordi-
chief
may be
may be
e?igrailed, that
is,
the divi-
engrailed instead of straight.
raguly, &c., &c.

2
HONOURABLE ORDINARIES.
No.
47.
No.
51.
No.
No.
55.
No.
No.
No.
21
No.
49.
No,
so.
52.
No.
53.
No.
54.
No.
56.
No.
57.
No.
58.
59.
No.
60.
No.
61.
No.
62.
63.
No.
64.
No.
65.
No.
66.
48.
HERALDRY,
22
them have Diminutives, which are grouped with them
in the fol-
lowing descriptions.
The Chief
1.
(No. 47) has ahvays been considered the most
honourable of the Ordinaries, not only because

of one divisional
cutting
line,
it
off as
it
because, being the head of the shield,
horizontal straight
It
line.
lines
be
shield, but
has the place of honour.
occupies in depth one-third of the
one of the ornamental division
formed simply
were from the
composed of two or more
All other Ordinaries are
The Chief
it
it is
specified)
may be borne
lines.
and (unless
field,
is
formed by one
in
combination with
called the Fillet,
which is one-fourth
most of the other Honourable Ordinaries.
The Chief has one diminutive

the size of the Chief.
When any
the
field, it is
charge
A Chief may have

of
it,
and
it
placed in the head or uppermost part of

///
Chief.
another Chief placed upon the upper third part
may have
The Pale
2.
is
said to be
a Fillet placed in the lower fourth part of
which enclose the middle third of the

in
The Pale
field.
arms than the other Honourable Ordinaries.
this lieraldic
The Pale
and
occurs less
Mackenzie
bearing was derived from the pales of
the mediaeval soldiers carried,
them.
it.
(No. 48) consists of two parallel vertical lines,
fixed in the earth to
has two diminutives or moieties,
says
wood which
viz.,
encamp
the Fa//et
(No. 49), which contains one-half the Pale, and the Endorse (No.
50),
which
is
half the Pallet
vertical position
on the
field.
The
Pallet
may be borne
The Endorse
is
in
any
generally borne in
and often accompanies the Pale, one being placed on
pairs,
side of
it.
The Pale
to divide the field
is
then said to be endorsed.
The Bend
3.
(No. 51)
care will be necessary in the diminu-
upon the Bend,

uncharged,
it
it
formed by two diagonal
is
from the dexter chief to the
sinister base.
When
contains only the
slightly arched,
fifth part.
but
The Bend is
when
The
Bend
Cotice
now
are the
is
is
Bendld (No.
Riband (No.
is
its
borne in
52), containing
pairs,
extremities
or^
half
in
on a beiid cotised
third diminutive of the
This diminutive
54).
is
and generally
Bend placed between two Cotices
The
three annulets of the field.
the
is
a term for an arched bend.
Viscount Downe bears
said to be cotised.
the Cost, but

it
is
conjunction with the Bend.
it
said to repre-
one-half of the Bend, and the Cost or Cotice (No. 53), which
of the Bendlet.
drawn
In some ancient examples the Bend
but we have
diminutives of the
lines,
charges are borne
contains one-third of the field
sent a scarf or shoulder-belt.
siT.j
either
necessary
of the other Ordinaries.
tives
The
It is
may be mistaken
very accurately, or the Pallet
The same
for the Endorse.
was
23
is
Bend
the same breadth as
do not touch the outside of
the shield;
couped^ or cut off at the ends.
Two uncharged Bends may appear on one

4.
The Bend
Sinister. (No. 55) issues from the sinister instead
that
of the dexter chief
is, its
position
is
reversed on the
is
not necessary to state in which direction a
it
be a Bend
Bend
dexter.
shield.
sinister.
Bend
is
Bend
is
field.
It
placed, unless
always understood to express a
HERALDRY.
24
There are two diminutives of

56),
is
which
the half of the Bend,
is
half of the Scarp, but
so that
it
illegitimacy.
may blazon
colour.
is
and the Baton (No.
coiiped (cut off
smooth)
Scarp (No.
which
57),
at its extremities,
does not extend to the edges of the shield.
The Baton
this Ordinary, viz., the
is
generally used on a shield as a rebatement to denote
The illegitimate sons or descendants of a Kifigox Prince

the Baton or or argent, but
others must blazon
all
it
with
This mark cannot be removed from coat armour, although
some heralds
are of opinion that
generations.
Many
it
of our nobility,
can be removed
who
after three
are descended from our
English Kings and Princes, bear the Royal arms with the Baton.
the Baton could
now be removed,
noblemen would be made equal
Some
writers treat the
If
the armorial bearings of these
to those of our legitimate Princes.
Baton rather as a
common
charge than as a
diminutive of an Honourable Ordinary

5.
The Fesse (No.
58)
is
formed by two
horizontally across the centre of the field,
part of
it.
It is said to
Fesse has
warriors.
no diminutive, although some
writers
have taken
the Bar, the Closet, and the Barrulet to be diminutives of

6.
The Bar
(No. 59)
is
number than
The
It is
never borne singly, and a
four cannot be borne on one
unlike the fesse in that
it
it.
similar in form to the fesse, but occu-
pies only one-fifth of the field.
greater
drawn
be an emblem of the military girdle worn
round the waist by mediaeval
The
parallel lines
and contains one-third
can be borne
in
field.
any part of the
It is also
field.
diminutives or moieties of the Bar are the Closet (No. 60),
HONOURABLE ORDINARIES,
25
which contains one-half of the Bar, and the Barridet (No.

which
is
When
one-half the Closet.
61),
either of these diminutives
is
placed on each side of a fesse or Bar, the Ordinary
be
cotised.
is
said to
Barrulets placed together in pairs are sometimes termed
Bars gemelies.
7.
The Cross
two horizontal
(No. 62)
is
formed by two perpendicular and
lines crossing at
it
may be
The
varieties
the fesse point, or
defined by the combination of a fesse with a pale.
of the Crosses used in Heraldry are very numerous
mentions thirty-nine
seventy-two.
it
Some
Leigh,
forty-six
Guillim
and Degla Colomeiere,
of these varieties are hereafter described, but
should be remembered that when the blazon
the cross here illustrated
is
is
simply a Cross,
always intended.
That which gave so much importance

expeditions to the
to this Ordinary
Holy Land, when both
warriors
was the
and pilgrims
took the Cross for their badge.
Upon his breast a bloodie Cross he bore,

The deare remembrance of his dying Lord,
For Whose sweet sake that glorious badge he bore,
And dead, as living, ever Him adored
Upon his shield the like was also scored,
For sovereign hope which
in
His help he had.
Spenser.
Varieties of the Cross are described in a separate chapter.

8.
The Saltire
(No.
6t,)
may be termed
formed by the Bend and the Bend

right angles,
in
the
same way
a diagonal Cross,
sinister crossing
that the pale
and
each other at
fesse
form the

HERALDRY.
26
The
Cross previously described.
but o?ie-third when
field,
This Ordinary
the belief that
It is
it is
Saltire contains one-fifth of the
charged.
sometimes called a
is
upon such a
St.
Andrew's Cross, from
Andrew
cross St.
suffered martyrdom.
supposed also to have been introduced into Heraldry as the
representation of an instrument for scaling walls.
The
Saltire
has no diminutive, although some writers speak of
Two
the Saltord as such.

shield,
or
more
The
of charges rather than Ordinaries.
same composition with the
The
can be borne on a
Saltires
but the extremities are couped, and they assume the rank
family of
it
Upon
gulcs^
saltire argent^ the different
by various charges.
his surcoat valiant Neville bore
A silver saltire upon
martial red.
Drayton.
9.
The Chevron
(No. 64)
may be
or onefifth of the field, according to whether
so also
may two
the chief
may appear
it
it
in the
two
rafters of
occupies one-third
be charged or
not.
same composition,
Clievrons.
The Chevron has one
diminutive
the Chcvronel (No.
which contains one-half of a Chevron.
many
Barons' War.
said to represent
the roof a house, or the lower half of a saltire
The Chevron and
in the
chief.
Neville bear
branches differencing
may appear
Saltire
The
Couple-close
heralds considered to be also a diminutive,
to bo a subordinate charge.
65)
is
by
and by others

As
in the case of the partition lines, so also in the Ordinaries
unless otherwise described, the lines are straight.
the uneven lines are used, the blazon

the
27
field,
thus
first
Ordinary
any of
the tincture of
next the Ordinary, then the description of
lastly the tincture of the

It will
is
When
lines,
and
" Az., a chief e?igraiied or."
be remembered that there are ten partition
lines
and nine
Honourable Ordinaries; each Ordinary can be therefore varied ten

times,
and from these simple designs nearly a hundred
coats of arms can be obtained.
dififerent
CHAPTER
V.
SUBORDINARIES.
IN
addition to the Honourable Ordinaries and their diminutives,

there are other devices subservient to
These are of ancient
ordiiiaries.
use,
them
called Sub-
and although of
less
importance than the Ordinaries, form a very important part of the

heraldic system.
The
by
all
exact
number of
heralds,
some
this
group of devices
classifying with the
is
not agreed upon
Honourable Ordinaries
one or two considered by others to belong to the Subordinaries.
These are
I.
Th
SUB ORDINA RIES.

In early shields the Canton was of larger
blazoned.
is
29
probable that
The Canton
it
is
size,
and
it
took the place of the quarter.

said to represent the ancient
banner of Knights
Bannerets.
No.
67.
No
68.
No.
69.
No.
70.
No.
71
No.
72.
No.
73.
No
74.
The Canton
bordure
and
field,
bars
az.
it is
is
the only Subordinary that can surmount the
generally borne over or
in blazoning a shield
on a cafiton
ingstone,
ar.,
nephew of Edward
2.
all
the charges of the
specified last, i\m?,'. Or, three
head erased ppr.,
az.,
for
of Hard-
a bordure gu. semee of
lions of
John de Dreux, Count of Brittany,
68)
is
a triangular-shaped device formed by
drawn from the dexter chief and a horizontal
at the fesse point.
Cox
I.
The Gyron (No.
a line
lion's
and chequee or and
Engla7id, a canton enn., for
it is
upon
line
meeting
HERALDRY.
Gyrons are borne
singly,
by couples of
six or eight,
and some-
times of ten.
The Gyron
and
said to be of Spanisn origin,
is
the Spanish word signifying a gore or
is
derived from
This Subordinary
gijsset.
is
of frequent occurrence in the arms of Scotch families.

3.
The Inescutcheon,
Shield of Pretence (No.
or
69),
is
small shield borne within the shield upon the fesse point or centre,
and said
to
be pretended upon the
by the husband of an
heiress,
This
shield.
who
is
generally borne
thus blazons his pretensions to
her lands, and by Sovereigns, as in the case of the last three
Kings of England.
the arms of the United

fourth,
England
Royal proclamation
Kingdom should be
in
:
1801 ordered that

quarterly,
first
and
second, Scotland; third, Ireland; over whichôn
a shield of pretence, the arms of the King's Dominion of Hanover.

If
more than one be placed on a
called Escutc/ieoJis,
shield, they are generally
and are borne as common charges and not as
ordinaries.
4.
fifth
The Orle (No.
70)
is
composed of a double
part from the edge of the shield.
It
narrow border of a shield charged upon the
and
it
may be
line at
about a
has the appearance of a
called an inesaitcJicon voided;
field
by
of a larger shield,
early heralds
it
was
thus blazoned.
5.
The Tressure (No.
the orle,
71)
may be
regarded as a diminutive of
although some heralds contend that the Subordinaries
have no diminutives.
The
Tressure
is
almost invariably borne
double, as in the illustration, and generally ornamented with fleurs-
SUBORDINARIES.
This decoration
are reversed.
hereafter illustrated
and
The Lozenge
6.
field,
blazoned, fleury
coiinter-fleury.
a four-sided figure placed upon the
is
with two of the angles perpendicularly and two horizontally.
7.
8.
The Frette (No.
(No. 73)
is
74)
more elongated than the
An
No.
other.
says
"
He
Blake bear
75.
No.
The Flanch (No.
berith govvles
arg.^
The
bears ^., a
No.
76.
75)
is
and a
77.
is
in the fourteenth century,
No. 7a
formed of a segment of a
It is
said to
circle
always borne double or in
one on the dexter and the other on the
origin of Flanches
frecte of golde."
a frette gu.
placed on the side of the shield.

pairs, the
Baron Audley
ancient writer, speaking of one of the ancestors of
Lord Audley,
family of
lozenge.
composed of a Bendlet and Scarp
is
and a Mascle interlacing each

frette or.
9.
is
fleurs-de-lis
further described.
(No, 72)
The Fusil
The
where the alternate
as in the arms of Scotland,
de-lis,
31
sinister side.
have been from the dress worn
and Guillim says they are " a proper
reward for the services of a gentlewoman to her Sovereign.''

10.
The Mascle
(No. 76)
is
similar to the lozenge, but
it
is
HERALDRY
32
voided or perforated throughout (except a narrow border), so that
the field appears within or through
Armourists are
much
divided in opinion as to the origin of this
them seem
device, but the majority of
mesh
or
11.
mash of a
The RusTRE (No.
circular
is
put on to the end of a screw, and

is
it is
from the
77) differs from the mascle in that the
is
says this Subordinary
The Rustre
to think that
net.
perforation of the device
BoYER
it
and not throughout.

derived from the nut which
is
certainly very like this.
it is
sometimes improperly blazoned a inascle pierced
round.
12.
The Label
upper part of the
(No. 78)
field,
Of
late years
it
has been the custom
The Label
Label couped.
to bear the ends of the
will
a Closet or Barrulet placed on the
and having three or more pendents or
ribands hanging therefrom.
difference^ to distinguish
is
used for a
is
the armorial bearings of an eldest son, and
be treated of in a subsequent chapter.
13.
The Billet
(No. 79)
is
a right-angled figure a
little
longer
than broad, resembling a folded letter in form, and from this said
to
have been derived.

14.
The BoRDURE
or
Border (No.
80) surrounds the
field,
and
generally covers one-fifth of the shield.
Bordures were originally used for the distinguishing of one
branch of a family from another, and

in this
book
as a difference.
to denote illegitimacy.
will
be treated of further on
The Bordure has
also been
employed
SUBORDINARIES.
15.
The Pile (No.
iniddle chief,
base.
33
81) consists of two lines issuing from the
and extending
to,
and meeting
It is said to represent the stakes
in a point at the middle
used
in the construction
of ancient fortifications, and also the point of a javelin.

is
often erroneously classed with the
No.
16.
No.
79.
The Flasque (No.
the circular line
is
80.
The
Pile
Honourable Ordinaries.
No.
No.
81.
82.
82) resembles the flanch, except that
a segment of a larger
circle,
and does not
there-
fore reach so near to the centre of the shield.
Flasques are always borne in pairs in the same way that

flanches are.
Gibbon
says these two subordinaries are the same,
but GuiLLiM and Leigh are of a different opinion.
Voiders differ
from Flasques in the same degree as Flasques from flanches. These

are generally of one or other of the
As
in the partition lines
the Subordinaries,
but when none
is
the straight line
all
furs.
and Honourable Ordinaries, so
the various ornamental lines can be used
specified in the blazon, then

is
also in
intended.
it is
understood that
CHAPTER
VI,
ROUNDELS.
ANOTHER
RouNDLETS
which
circular
is
83.
No.
84.
No.
85.
No.
86.
No.
87.
No,
88.
No.
89.
No.
90.
No.
91.
No.
92.
discs or plates,
No.
83.
its
No.
They are of two
or spherical.
figures possesses
blazoning to denote
sufficient in
o
flat
charges of frequent occurrence in
Each of these simple
Heraldry.
title,
group of devices are the Roundels or
distinct
sorts
are
The Bezant
colour.
those of metal, which are represented as
and those of
They
a distinctive
colour,
which are drawn globular
or^
gold
named
from the ancient gold
coin of Byzantium, and introduced into armoury in the time of the
Crusades.
No. 84. The Plate
argent^ silver
borne
Freemantle, of Swanborne, Co. Buckingham.
by the family of

ROUNDELS,
No.
85.
The HuRTE
35
azuVeXAne.
No. 86. The Torteau
gulesred.
Torteaux (called in the celebrated "Boke of

tillys
or
St.
Albans" "tor-
Duke of
cakys") are borne in the arms of the
lytill
Buckingham and
Neville Grenville,
in those of R.
Esq., of
Butleigh Court, Somersetshire (No. 93).
No.
87.
vert green.
The PoMME
Lord Aveland
termed pomeis.
charged with a cross
These
in the plural are
bears ermine, three pomeis, each
or.
purple.
black
No. 88. The GohV^purpure
No. 89. The Pellet
some heralds the
91.
These
The GuzE
last
this
roundel
is
termed by
ogress.
No. 90. The Orange
No.
sable
ienn^ or taivny orange.
j-^w^/^^ blood-colour.
two are of rare occurrence, and by many heralds are
altogether ignored.*
No. 92. The Fountain

in that
it
is
altogether unlike
composed of two
is
all
tinctures, argent
the other roundels
and
aziire;
it
is
represented by wavy lines drawn fesse-wise alternately argent and

azure.
The
fountain in early Heraldry was represented as barry
of six thdit
termed
is,
three lines of each tincture.
sykes.
Roundels may be of any of the
They may be borne

latter
wavy
These are sometimes
as crests
and
furs or of
in
any other
any number
case they are placed in rows, and the
in
number
tincture.
arms
in the
in each
32
row
HERALDRY.
36
No.
is
No.
93.
mentioned
in the blazon.
No.
94.
The Earl of Bradford
ten plates, four^ three, two, a?td one (No. 94).
of Whittlesey, Co. Cambs., bears
or,
on a
The
is
bears
family of
sa.,
Haynes,
esse gii., three bezants, in
The
chief a greyhound courant, sa., collared of the second.
Wellesley
95.
charged with twenty roundels, and
is
shield of
blazoned gu,,
@m
No.
No.
96.
No.
97.
98.
cross arg. between five plates in saltire in each quai-ter (No. 96).
The
shields of Courtenay, Devereux, and
and are thus blazoned
Wake all bear torteaux,
Coukt-e.iâ.w, or, three torteaux
^^S-y afessegu.,
and in
barsgu.f and in
chief three torteaux.
chief three torteaux;
Wake
-y
Devereux,
(No. 97), or, two
ROUNDELS.
Roundels may be charged, that
upon them.
The
family of
hQdiTS four plates, each
and
for a crest
Roundels of
of arms, that
is
yj
another charge
may be borne
Boughey, of Aqualate, Co.
charged with an arrow , in bend,
sa.
Stafford,
(No. 98)/
a plate charged with a pheon per pale, ermine and sa.

different tmctures are
is,
borne
for differencing shields
to distinguish various individuals or the several
branches of the same family,
all
of
whom
inherit the
same arms.
Roundels, in early blazon, have their tinctures specified, and the

ancient custom
Some
is still
adhered to in foreign Heraldry.
heralds class the anntdet with the roundels^ and blazon
false roundel.
No. 99. Shield of Effigy at Whitworth.
it
No.
No,
loo.
loi.
Arms of the Crusader Kings of Jerusalem.
CHAPTER
THE
THE
is
cross,
which sometimes
There
will
CROSS.
Honourable Ordinary, the Cross, has already been
described in
blazon
VII.
is
its
it is
is
simple form (No. 62, page
termed the Cross of
St.
George of England.
Holy Wars and the pilgrimages
Holy Land.
There are two
to the
classes of ornamental Crosses
their extremities reaching to the outer
The former
are chiefly
is
a Cross Jlamant.
great im-
those which have
edge of the shield, and those
which are couped, or have their ends terminating
made up
such as engrailed, indented, &*e.
The
it
doubtless, owing to the
is,
No. 102
the
so great a variety of Crosses used in Heraldry, that
only be possible to enumerate some of them.
lines,
When
always understood to mean this simple form,
portance of this ordinary in Heraldry
pattern.
21).
in
some
particular
of the usual ornamental
THE
CROSS.
39
17 \r
No.
I02.
No.
105.
No.
103.
No.
106.
No.
No.
No.
io8.
No.
109.
No.
No.
III.
No.
112.
Na
104.
107.
I TO.
113.
'
HERALDRY.
40
No. 103
whose
a Cross ragiily, borne
is
No. 104
is
by the family of Lawrence,
known.
services in India are so well
a Cross engrailed.
Crosses are variously formed of the diminutives of the ordinaries,

as No. 105, termed a Cross of six
fretted,
The
fillets,
and
and No. 106, a Cross double parted.

Cross double parted afid fretted
going, but with the addition of the "
the
or a Cross tti-parted
is
very similar to the fore-
andfretted^'' or
interlacings of
fillets.
Cross voided (No. 107)
is
not unlike the Cross double parted,
but the bars do not run through or across the shield.

the Cross of
St.
It
is,
in fact,
George with the central area removed, so that only
a thin outline remains.
Cross voided belongs to the arms of the
ancient family of Crevecceur, of P'olkestone, Co. Kent.
The Fimbriated
Cross (No. 108)
is
a cross having a border of
another tincture, generally for the purpose of allowing

metal, to be placed
upon a
field
of another metal
it, if it
be of
the fimbriation,
or intervening border, being of a colour to prevent the violation of
the rule that " metal cannot be placed

colour."
The Union Jack has a Cross
upon
The Cross Fierced,ox Quarterly Pierced (ô.

Cross with the central
entirely
metal, or colour
upon
fimbriated for this purpose.
109)
is
the
St.
George's
part,
where the arms intersect each
no)
is
other,
removed.
Cross Quarterly (No.
a Cross cut by a partition
the tinctures reversed or counter-changed.
This Cross
is
line,
and
borne by
the family of Loraine, of Kirke-Harle, Co. Northumberland.
THE
No. Ill
This Cross
No. 112
41
is
a Patriarchal Cross, or a Cross crossed at the head.
is
borne by Viscount
is
a Cross Nowed, Degraded atui Conjoined.
means placed upon

No. 113
CROSS.
is
degrees,
De
Vesci.
a Cross Quadrate.
There are hundreds of other Crosses of

to
be
Degraded
or steps.
illustrated in this
book.
this class, too
numerous
Crosses are also formed of Fusils,
Lozenges, Bezants, Triangles, o^c.
No. 114 \sfour Fusils in

charge upon the shield in
lozenges
is
Cross.
be observed that the
It will
this instance is
not the Cross, but the
and although the representation would be
similar, there
a difference between a Cross offourfusils ^x^^ fourfusils in Cross.

Cross Fusilly
No. 115
is
is
composed of an
indefinite
a Cross offoicr ermine
The Crosses having
number of
fusils.
spots.
their extremities
various ornaments, are very numerous,
couped, or terminating with
and only a few
illustrations
of these can be given.
No.
16
is
the Cross Patee.
The arms
ston, Co. Ayr, are az.y a chevron
of the Barclays, of Pier-
betwem
three crosses patee, or.
HERALDRY,
42
like all others, is capable of great variation, as in
This Cross,
The
Cross Patee concaved, and No. 124, Cross Patee fiichee.
1 1 7,
Cross Patee
is
also called a Cross of eight pomts,
No.
and a Maltese
Cross.
No. it8
is
a Cross Patonce, borne in the arms of the
The
Sutherland and Viscount Bangor.

Place, Middlesex, bears sa.,
Harefield
mounted of another,
it
may appear
that
one
is
placed
the other.
No.
family of Baynes, of
shin-bone in fesse, sur-
These two form a Cross, but are
in pale, arg.
blazoned in pale and in fesse, that
upon
Duke of
No.
118.
No.
119.
Cross Fleury, or Flairie (No. 119),
Lord Brougham and Vaux.
It is
is
I20.
borne in the arms of
not very unlike the Cross
Patonce, but the extremities are less spreading.
The
is
Ctoss Moline has
its
extremities ending like the letter
it
borne by Chatterton, of Castle Mahon, Co. Cork.
No.
Id
(page 38)
is
the Cross Pommce, sometimes called Pomel,
the armorial ensign of the Crusader Kings of Jerusalem,

five
golden crosses upon a
silver shield
heraldic law that " metal cannot be placed
who bore
solitary violation of the
upon metal."
THE
The
Cross Potent
sader Kings (No.
which
it
is
GO,
CROSS.
43
a later form of the Cross, borne by the Cru-
page
This takes
38).
resembles, and which,
it
will
its
name from
the/z/r
be remembered, represents a
Potent or crutch.
No. 120
The
line,
is
the Cross Urdee,
Cross Recercelee (No. 121)
is
very similar to the Cross
but the extremities are curled backwards.
No.
No.
23
is
as the same.
Crewe
No.
123.
the Cross Flcurettce, Fleur-de-lis or Flory^ and
fication of the
for
Mo-
Cross Fleurie, and by some heralds

Its extremities
terminate with
bears arg.^ a cross flory^
az.,
is
124.
a modi-
it is
regarded
fleurs-de-lis.
Baron
charged ivith a lion pass a7it^ or^
Offley.
The Cross
It is
Crosslet is of very frequent occurrence in Heraldry.
borne by the family of Durrant, of Scotton, Co. Norfolk.
No. 122, enn., a
cross crosslet^ sa.
Crosses are sometimes borne

field,
as in
No. 124.
Per pale,
entire, that
is,
they cover the whole
cross patee entire, Jitchee in the foot,
and coimter-changed.
The ^Qx^fitchk
is
applied to
all
Crosses that have an extremity
HERALDRY.
44
terminating in a point.
This
by the Crusaders and the
into armorial bearings
who made
supposed to have been introduced
is
crosses of wood,
early Christians,
and pointed the lower end
to stick into
the ground during their devotions.
The Cross
Crosslet (No. 122)
is,
perhaps, of
more frequent use
than any other variety of Cross.
The
Cross Bototiee, or
trefle
(No. 125, page 46),
is
a modification
of the Cross Crosslet.
Any number
whole shield
is
may be borne
of Crosses
covered with Crosses,
more
dered with Crosses, or, perhaps
may be
and
voided,
voided,
In
&c.
like
may
manner
be a Cross Patee, or any other

Fitchee, again,
or fitchy,
it
arm
The
nut.
is
George,
or crusilly.
all
the other
be
when
voided, such as a cross
x^
may
Fitche'e,
pointed at the lower part, that
gradually tapered to a point
is
formed
fimbriated or edged Cross
the lower extremity
and the point

is
St.
criisilee,
does not belong to any particular variety.
fitchee in the foot,
double fitchee
2,
also
the
variety.
be remembered,
will
the whole lower
three,
correctly,
that the Cross of St. George,
of any of the ornamental lines,
wavy
When
in a shield.
said to be sefuky ox pow-
be clear that besides the Cross of
It will
Crosses
it is
an addition to
is
it,
complete
is,
but in a Cross
like the other
as in No. 124.
Cross
there are two points instead of one.
Cross Avellane
is
a Cross terminating in an ornament like a
The Cross surmounting
the Cathedral of
St.
Paul
is
a Cross
Avellane.
Cross
Lambeaux
is
a Cross placed on, or surmounting a
label.
THE
The
letter
Cross Fourchee, or Furche,
The Greek
Cross has
The Latin
Cross has
is
45
a Cross terminating
like the
V.
'
CROSS.
tour limbs of equal lengtn.
its
its
uppermost limb and
its
transverse limbs
of the same length, the fourth limb or shaft being longer than the
This
other three.
sometimes blazoned a Cross passion.
is
The
Cross Calvary
The
Cross Anchored.
is
a Latin Cross on
Most
degrees, or steps.
writers agree that this
is
only a modi-
fication of the Cross Moline.
The
C7'oss
Milrine has
its
ends terminating like a
letter
in-
verted.
The
Cross Rayonnant
from each angle of
is
A Cabled Cross is formed

rower,
A
off,
and
is
when
is
and do not extend

Pall
lower part of a
St.
George's Cross, with rays issuing
like
a St. George's Cross, but much nar-
represented as being
Cross couped
A Cross
it.
made
of a twisted cord or cable.
the ends or limbs of the Cross are cut
to the edges of the shield.
formed of the upper part of a
is
pale,
and has the appearance of a
saltire,
letter
and the
Y.
Cross Tau, or Cross of St. Anthony, has no upper limb
formed
like
letter
it is
T, with the extremities broadened like the ex-
tremities of the Cross Patee.
Diagonal Cross, or Cross of
termed a Saltire (No. 174, page

Crosslets
as will be
St.
in
is
most generally
60).
were the favourite charges
shown
Andrew,
for
a subsequent chapter.
marking early cadency,
HERALDRY.
46
The Cross
has always been greatly esteemed in Heraldry.
the middle ages
it
was customary
grams, and also to add
Persons unable to write
it
to introduce the Cross in
In
Mono-
to the signature as a pledge of truth
and these were very numerousused
the.
Cross as a symbol and pledge of the truth of the document they

could not add their
name
to
a custom which
quite obsolete, although used

stitiously,
less religiously,
in our
day
not
and perhaps super-
than formerly.
No. 125. Fragmbnt of a Shield at
is
Whatton, Northamptonshire.
No, 126. Neville (Ancient).
CHAPTER
VIII.
VARIED FIELDS.
HERE
are various bearings or varied fields derived fi-om
the preceding Honourable Ordinaries and Subordinaries.
Paly
formed by dividing the
is
number
Pales, the
Bendy
is
to
be
field into
an even number of
field into
an even number of
field into
an even number of
specified.
Bends, the number to be specified.
Barry
is
Bars, the number to be specified.
When
there are
more than
eight
bars, the
term Barruly or
Closetty is generally used.
No. 128
when
is
blazoned Paly of six, or and azure,
alternate tinctures are used,
occupy the
first
or dexter portion.
that the
first
ft is
customary
named should
HERALDRY,
48
No. 129
is
blazoned Bendy of ten âr.
No. 127, Barry of
six,
fl';/^^///*?^'
or other tinctures.
borne by the Earl de Grey.
No. 127. De Grey.
The Marquess of Bath

sa.
(for
Thynne)
bears harry of ten^ or
This shield would be represented as having
five
and
gold and five
black bars alternately.
No.
128.
No. 129
No.
131.
No.
135.
!%:!
TT ^F "V
No.
Paly^
132.
No.
133.
No.
134.
Bendy and Barry all admit of an ordinary or charge being
VARIED FIELDS.
The Earl of Annesley
placed over them.

arg.
and
illustrates
This shield
is
Barry iormt^ of one of the ornamental
is
six,
or and
is
sa.
termed Barry Bendy, and
horizontally, crossed
it is
lines.
borne by the family of Blount or Blunt, and
termed Barry-nebulee of
No. 130
bears Paly of six,
over all a bend (No. 136).
az.y
No. 135
49
by others drawn
is
formed by
lines
drawn
diagonally, or in other words,
a compound of Barry and Bendy.
No. 131
vertically,
is
termed Baly Bendyy and
is
produced by
lines
drawn
by others drawn diagonally, or by a compound of Paly
and Bendy.
A field
Lozengy
is
a field divided into lozenges of alternate
tinc-
tures (No. 132).
A field Fusilly (No.
133)
is
similar to Lozengy, but the figures are
more elongated.
Chequee, Chequy or Cheeky (No. 134)
by
lines perpendicular
and
is
when
the field
horizontal, crossing
is
divided
each other, the
squares formed by these lines being blazoned of two tinctures
arranged alternately.
In a bend or other ordinary Chequee, the lines and squares
may
run the same way as the bend, &c., and not necessarily horizontal
and perpendicular.
tered
The
shield of the
by the Dukes of Norfolk,
The
large
number of old
the sign of the " Chequers,"
is
De Warrens,
chequee or
still
quar-
and az.
inns throughout the country bearing

is
due to the once powerful family of
De Warren.
4
HERALDRY.
i;o
Frdty or
Frettce (No. 126)
The arms
sa.,
an ancient
covered with dexter and
It is
Lord Bellew
of
illustration represents the ancient
a canton
field
one another.
sinister bars interlacing
the Frette.
is
of course derived from
are sa., fretty, or.
Neville
The
shield or, frettee gu. on
remembrance of Gilbert de
ship, gold, in
Neville, William the Conqueror's Admiral.
No.
No.
136.
Gyronny
No.
138.
number of
a field divided into a
is
139.
parts of the shape
This division generally comprises eight pieces, as in
of a Gyron.
No. 137. The

for
No.
137.
Duke of Argyll
Campbell.
bears
Sometimes gyronny
is
^^r^;/;/j'
of
six,
of eight, orafidsa.,
and
it is
then repre-
sented as in No. 138.
Bendy Pily
is
an equal number of pile-shaped divisions arranged
in the direction of a bend.
Barry Pily (No. 139)
is
another variety, and
issuing from each side of the shield,
is
composed of piles
and tapering and extending
to
the opposite side.
Masculy or Lozengy Masculy
Barry Bendy
dexter
and
the lozenge-shaped pattern
is
field
of Mascles.
sinister is similar to
is
Barry Bendy, but
divided by diagonal sinister
lines,
VARIED FIELDS,
which reduce them to triangular
term for
this
ornamental
51
Barry Indented \% another
pieces.
It is also called
field.
by some heralds
Triangle Counter-triangle.
No.
No.
140.
Compony or Componee
is
No.
141.
field
143.
of any charge divided into a row
The Duke of Beaufort
of small squares (No. 140).
bordure componee, arg.
No.
142.
bears a
and az.
Coimtet -Componee (No. 141) has two rows of squares, with a metal
and colour
Chcquy.
More than two rows
is
termed Cheqiik or
Cou7iter-changed denotes a reciprocal exchange of metal
for colour,
the
alternating.
and colour
for metal, either in the
same charge (No. 142 and No. 223,
same composition or
p. 130).
Bordure Bendy or Bendy Bordure (No. 143)
is
the same as
Bendy
previously described, but the bends are only represented in those

parts that
It
within or
upon the bordure.
must be observed, that
in the
fields
fall
same plane or
level,
in these varied fields all the parts lie
and
that they differ in this respect from
which are charged or have devices
that in varied fields

relief indicated.
set
no shading whatever
is
upon them.
It follows
introduced, nor
is
any
No. 145. Shield of Foubert de Doure.
No. 144. Sfheld of Robert de Vere,
CHAPTER
IX.
DIAPER.
DIAPER
is
upon the
the surface decoration introduced by heralds

shield or
charges, to
its
add
to their artistic
In the Heraldry of the middle ages Diapering was
beauty.
employed
in stained glass,
upon
sculpture,
and upon
seals,
much
and
the
heralds of those days have transmitted to us abundant evidence of

their skill in its application.
fine
From among almost innumerable
examples of early heraldic Diaper, one or two are selected as
examples of
Diaper
is
this beautiful
work.
not a charge, nor has
it
any relation
to Heraldry
more
than that of an ornamental accessory, and great care must always be

taken
in
the introduction of any decorative design, to keep the
accessory in due subordination to the true heraldic charges, that

there
may
blazon.
not be a danger of the Diaper taking a part in the
DIAPER.
Diaper may be executed
heraldic rule, but
it
in
53
any tincture that
docs not
is
in
keeping with
any degree the heraldic
affect in
tinctures of the composition.
When
when
the surface of shield
there
Diaper the
Oxford,
is
but one charge upon
is
The
field.
shield of
of large unbroken extent, or

peculiarly desirable to
it, it is
Robert De Vere, Earl of
a.d. 1298, at Hatfield, Broadoak, Essex (No. 144),
admirable example.
It will
is
represented by two different designs of Diaper.
is
in sculpture
effect is
tint
the Diaper, therefore,
is
Diapers upon
monument
of
field,
of any of the colours.
fields
Earl William De Valence
is
exquisitely diapered.
Champleve enamel
is
as fresh
and
This
is
in
Upon
the
Westminster Abbey,
about twenty inches
in
example of Diaper
in
fine
brilliant as
it
was many centuries
Mr. Berrington, one of the vergers of Westminster Abbey,
ago.
has published a careful and

It
Equally good
in relief.
or by employing gold and
the beautiful shield of the Earl, which

height,
This example
obtained by colour, either by Diapering with a different
of the same tincture as the
silver
an
is
be observed that the quarterly shield
^yjz^^^XiX. facsimile
drawing of
this shield.
appears to be most desirable to revive the general adoption
of this beautiful system of ornamentation in

extent.
heraldic Diapers
OF Castile,
back."
surfaces of any
In sculptured Heraldry and in illuminations, Diapers
be executed with excellent
The
all
a.d.
effect in slight
may
reHef
upon the monuments of Queen Eleanor
1290, and of
Earl of Lancaster,
Edmond, surnamed "Crouch-
a.d. 1296,
may be
specified as
good
54
HERALDRY.
examples: also upon the
effigies
King Richard
of
1394;
the
all
King Henry
Percy
Alban's
and Anne of Bohemia,
II.,
Thomas de la Mere, about
Abbey Church, and
shield of
the brass to Sir
De Warrenne,
Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk,
men
of
of Diapering.
luce haitriant,
diapered with fish-scales.
is
and
a.d.
upon
The
field
a.d. 1375, in
Hugh
Hastings,
good examples.
Diapered in gold and colour, at
an interesting and early
speci-
on a
shield
very curious
"FouBERT de Doure"
cJuqtiy,
1272;
Queen,
his
Shrine, about a.d. 1350, in Beverley Minster.
at Elsyng, in Norfolk, a.d. 1347, also furnish
III., a.d.
of them in Westminster Abbey; as also the shields
of the brass to Abbot

St.
of
instance
is
(Dovcr), about 1180.
The arms
are
the alternate squares are represented
The
illustration
(No. 145)
is
copied from
the " Archaeologia Cantiana."
From
the
will suffice
numerous
(No. 146).
beautiful Diapers
This Diaper
is
on
seals
one example
formed of small swans and
feathers alternately placed in lozenges.
No.
146.
-Diaper of the Seal of Thomas Plantagenet, K.G.

Duke of Gloucester (enlarged).
"^mm m^m
ij
No. 147. City of Rochester.
CHAPTER
X.
AND COMBINATIONS OF THE HONOURABLE AND

SUBORDINARIES AND THEIR DIMINUTIVES.
VARIETIES
BESIDES the simple forms illustrated in the foregoing chapter,

the Honourable Ordinaries are capable of an enormous
variety of changes
The
C/iie/
Saltire, as in
can be employed with the Be/id, and also with the

Nos. 151 and 150.
ployed together.
cafiton gu. ;
and combinations.
The arms
Canton and a Fesse can be em-
of the Woodvilles are
and those can be again borne
ar.,
a fesse and
in combination with the
Bordicre.
A
will
Chief engrailed has the divisional line as in No. 148, and
it
be remembered that any of the Honourable Ordinaries may be
formed of
The
this or of
modifications
any of the other divisional
and
that a distinct chapter
is
varieties of the
lines.
Cross are so numerous
assigned to them.
HERALDRY.
56
No.
No.
148.
152.
Na
153.
^^
No.
No.
151.
No.
154.
No.
155.
No.
158.
No.
159.
No.
156.
No.
160.
No.
161.
No.
162.
No.
163.
No.
164.
No.
165.
No.
166,
No.
167.
1S7.
VARIETIES
AND COMBINATIONS.
57
Bends are borne arched or archy (No. 155); removed or fracted

(No. 154)
or^
cotised, that is,
a bend engrailed^
No. 184
is az.,
vert, plain, cotised, sa.,
a bend
Blantyre bears
placed between two cotises, as No. 153,
or,
borne by
Lord Bateman.
Lord
arg., cotised potent counter-potent or.
esse c/iequy, arg.
and
az.,
surmounted of a
bend engrailed, and in chief a rose gu. (No. 152).
Bend can be decorated otherwise than by
which
it
de-Hs,
and
is
naries can
Bcfid
charged.
is
No. 159
is
be composed of any of the

is
furs.
a bend formed of wavy
ordi-
No. 158 \%a bend
vair.
lines, as
No. 157.
Bends are sometimes charged with another Bend, that
Bend formed
Two Bends
there are
of a
wavy
or other line
is
is,
placed upon the
can be borne in the same
fleurs-
Bends and other
blazoned yf^wry counterfleury.
wavy
the bearings with
a Bend omameiUed with
shield, as
a second
first
bend.
When
No. 156.
more than two, they are termed Bcndlets : these may be

formed of
BYR,OK
straight lines, or of
ornamental
lines.
The
any of the
family of
Anson,
of Birch Hall, Co. Lancaster, bears arg,

three
bendlets
sinister canton
163).
crescent
Sometimes
field are
that
Some
in the
of the second (No.
on the
special positions
Baron Byron
for in-
bears arg., three
168.
bendlets enhanced gu.

fies
and
assigned to the ordinaries
stance, the
No.
engrailed gides,
"
Enhanced
" signi-
they are raised above their usual position (No. 168).
heralds blazon these arms three bendlets in chief
sinister.
HERALDRY.
58
many variations
Chevrons have
abaisse; No. 162
is
of position.
No.
60
is
They may be borne
in
any part of the
the ends are cut
off,
ra'ersed.
shield.
Chevrons, Uke other ordinaries, are sometimes borne

is,
a Chevron
a Chevron couched ; No. 161 a Chevron
cotiped^ that
so that they do not reach to the sides of the
shield (No. 167).
Two
Chevrons can be borne on one
with another ordinary.
coat,
and
in combination
No. 166 represents a Fesse between two
Chevrons.
Chevronels are generally borne in triplets, and they are some-
times borne distinct and sometimes conjoined.
The De Clares bore
or^
three
The
family of
Brackenbury bear ar.y three chev.
interlaced
chevronels^ gules (No. 169).
(or braced) in base, sa. (No. 165).
Pallets are borne

lies.
The
Priory,
by many English fami-
family of
King's
Armstrong, Gallen
County, bear
arg.^
ô. 169.-DE Clabe.
three
pallets az. (No. 164).

It
is
must be observed that a silver shield bearing three blue
and blue (No. 128)
The one
all
Pallets
very similar in appearance to one Paly of six alternately silver
is
but there
is in reality
the greatest diflference.
simply a shield divided into stripes of alternate tinctures,
represented in the same plane, whereas the other
is
a shield
of one tincture charged with bars of another, and represented as

raised or projecting from the shield.
The same refers
to three Bars,
VARIETIES
which
is
AND COMBINATIONS.
Barry of
altogether different from
six, that
59
is,
six stripes
of alternate tinctures.
Bars, Pallets, &c.,
may be borne
of any of the divisional

bears
or, three
Westmeath
No.
bars wavy, gu for
ondee or wavy, or
may be formed
Lord Willoughby de Eresby
lines.
Drummond.
The Marquis of
bears erm.^ hvo bars gu.
No.
170.
Piles are borne in
No.
171.
numerous ways.
and
sent three Piles meeting in the base,
No.
172.
Nos. 170 and 172 repre-
counter-pily, that
No. 173
ture^s.
is,
field
Piles are borne in betid,
two
72
termed
fields
formed of Piles of alternate
h'\A2iZ0X\Qdi three piles, terminatifig in fesse.
three piles, one issuing between
No.
three Piles in point.
could also be taken to represent one of the varied
Pil^
173.
tinc-
No. 171
others, transposed.
and sometimes issuing from the
base and sometimes from the dexter
chief.
The
sinister
points of the
Piles are occasionally decorated with fleurs-de-lis, orflory on the tops.
The
de-lis,
Pressure IS generally borne double, and decorated with fleurs-
the alternate ones reversed.
flory Qxfleury counter-fleury.
great esteem in Heraldry.
This
is
blazoned a double tressure
The Tressure has
always been held in
HERALDRY.
6o
Honourable Ordinaries are generally
In early shields the

narrower than
they are represented
in
modem
Heraldry,
as
Nos. 174 and 175.
No. 174. De Neville.
Edw.
(Roll of Arms, temp.
No. 175. De Lacy.

I.)
(Counter- Seal, a.d. 1235.)
Charges are frequently blazoned in

that
is,
chiefs hi bend, in cross,
&c.,
they are to be placed in the position of a chief or other
Honourable Ordinary, and great care must be taken that the two
monosyllables on and in do not get confused.
On
cross expresses that the cross is
the charges upon the cross

shall
be placed upon the
placed upon the
field
and
but in cross expresses that the charges

field
(no ordinary intervening) in the
shape of a cross.
The same
The
176).
refers to
on a
and
in /esse.
Percy bear
ancient family of
Lord
fesse,
five fusils in fesse,
or (No.
Bloom field bears arg., three lozenges conjoined in
fesse,gu. (No. 177).
No. 178 represents ^z/^

are borne
in bend, &c.,
would be a
Kent, are
betid
vert,
offusils.
lozenges conjoined in pale.
and no number
The arms
is
When
fusils
specified, the blazon
of Knight, of Bobbing, Co.
a bend offusils or (No. 179).
AND COMBINATIONS.
VARIETIES
6i
"^^^J^
No.
176.
No.
The Earl Amherst

or,
No.
177.
headed az. (No. 180).
esse^
179.
bears three lances^ or tUting-spears, in

It will
be seen
separately placed paleûays, or vertically

in
No.
178.
fesse
that these charges are
but they are blazoned
or horizontally, because, conjointly, they form a fesse.
One
of these spears would be blazoned in pale.
No.
Two
No.
180.
i8i.
No.
No.
182.
swords are frequently borne in
saltire
183.
(No. 181).
The
Barrows, of Ulverstone, Co. Lancaster, bear them, and they

blazoned
and
sa.^
hilts or.
two swords
in saltire^ poijits iipnuards, arg.^
In blazoning two charges
/;/
saltire,
are
pommels
the dexter one
is
always represented uppermost.
No. 182 represents
five
bezants in
cross.
The Northcotes,
of
HERALDRY.
62
Hayne, Co. Devon, bear

family of
Colyer
bend, or, barbed
arg.^ three crosslets in
h'^zx per pale embattled^ gu.
and flighted,
arg,, point
bend^ sa.
and az.y an
arroiv in
upwards (No. 183.)
keys are borne by the Gibsons fesseivays (that
is,
The
Three
each placed
horizontally) in pale.
Many
other examples might be given of charges placed and
arranged after the form of the ordinaries.
No.
184.
CHAMrAGNE.
CHAPTER
THE SURCOAT, THE TABARD,
COATS OF ARMS.
THE
SuRCOAT.
XI.
ETC.
has been suggested, with some show of
It
reason, that the great heat of the sun
upon the armour of
a knight introduced the use of the covering and protecting garment

the Surcoat.
called
This garment, which at
white, afterwards bore the
arms of the wearer
first
;
was probably
the arms thus dis-
played were visible to every beholder without the aid of a banner

or standard.
arose the term
From
''
this
method of
Cote Armure
" or
illustrating or depicting
arms
" Coat of Arms."
A vesture
Woiche men
yclept a cole-armure,
Embroidered wonderly
.
..;
.^
And though
thei
riche,
weren not
ilche
But
I will not, so
Be now abouten
mote
I thriue.
to descrive
All these armis that therein yweren,
For
The
first
to
me
were impossible.
or earliest surcoats were long flowing garments without
sleeves, reaching almost to the feet,
Chaucer.
and
girt
round the waist with
belt.
One
of the earliest examples of the surcoat
is
on the monu-
HERALDRY
64
mental
effigy
of
Geoffrey de Magnaville,
Temple Church, London.
in the
an escarbtmcle^dixA
is
The
first
shield of this noble bears
known monumental
the earliest
of a shield charged with armorial bearings.

effigy
1
representation
The monumental
of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke (who died
same church, represents him wearing a
216), in the
The monumental
II.
Earl of Essex,
him habited
died March 12th, 1226).
in a blue surcoat charged with golden
which are repeated on
lioncels,
surcoat.
William Longespee, son of Henry
effigy of
and Rosamond de Clifford (who
represents
in
his
page 97,
shield, illustrated
No. 206.
The well-known monumental

Earl of Pembroke (who
died in 1296), in Westminster Abbey,
represents the surcoat covered with a
and the
effigy
William de Valence,
of
effigy
of Aymer, his third son,
specimen of the surcoat, and
it
number of
who
is
is
a good
bears the arms and retains some
of the ancient colour which represented them
ment
small shields;
died in 1323,
Above
the
monu-
a representation of this noble seated on horseback, wearing
a surcoat.
The
horse also
is
blazoned with the arms of the
covered with a long flowing coat
rider.
These surcoats are sometimes found to have been semhy or

sprinkled with the charges borne singly or in threes on the shield.
The Cyclas.
to
About the year 1325, or
be superseded by a singular garment
while long and flowing behind, was cut

brass to Sir
John D'Aubernoun,
earHer, the surcoat
began
entitled a Cyclas, which,
off"
short in the front.
The
the younger, a.d. 1327; the
sculptured
Oliver
effigy
Ingham,
of
Sir
in
Ing-
liam Church, Norfolk, a.d.
1343
and
that of
Prince
John Plantagenet,
Eltham, a.d.
admirable
some
of
1337, afford
examples.
instances
In
the lower
part of the front of the cyclas
is
cut
into an orna-
mental pattern,
or termi-
nates in semicircles like the

engrailed line No. 36, page
19.
The
reduction
the
in
length of the front part of

the
surcoat
was probably
owing to the inconvenience

of a long garment
when
wearer was fighting on
The
surcoat
and
the
foot.
cyclas
were probably only worn
by warriors when engaged

in battle.
Examples
effigies
JSo.. 185.
Effigy of Henry, first

Lancaster, a.d. 1347.
Duke
of
of
mounted
of Princes, nobles,
HERALDRY,
66
and knights of the middle ages with the surcoat and cyclas are
very numerous.
shields
They
are lepresented with carefully blazoned
and crested helms.
Bardings were the coverings of the knightly

were charged with heraldic
insignia.
war-horses,
and
steed thus caparisoned
was said to be barded.
Examples of bardings are
found on the seals of William
to be
LoNGSPEE already spoken of
in this chapter
Earl of Lincoln and Salisbury
of
Henry de
(died 1272); of
Laci,
Robert de
Vere, Earl of Oxford (died 1296); of Humphrey de Bohun,
Earl of Hereford
(killed 1322)
and of William Montacute,
Earl of Salisbury (died 1343).

In the
latter
example, the armorial bearings are not embroidered
on the bardings, but on banner-shaped hangings, and are suspended
on
either side of the horse,
one banner on each side of the body
of the horse, and one on each side of the neck.
The JuPON succeeded
the cyclas,
and became the fashionable
knightly garment from about the year 13 15 to about 1405.

earliest
examples of the jupon represent
it
or a cyclas with the back part of the skirt cut to the

as the front.
shorter,
rally
The
later
examples
and have no hanging
fit
skirt at
The
as a rather short surcoat,
same length
the figure closer, and are

all.
The jupon was
of rich materials, and in the latter years of
its
gene-
use was almost
invariably engrailed or jagged at the bottom.
Amongst many other
fine
examples of the early long jupon, or
short surcoat, are those represented
on the
effigy
of
John de
COATS OF ARMS.
No.
i86.
JUPON
FROM THE Effigy OF SiR Edmund de Thorpe,

Ashwel-Thorpe Church, Norfolk.
Hastings, Earl of Pembroke,
in the brass at Elsyng Church,
Norfolk, A.D. 1347, and on the effigy of
Lancaster,
of
a.d.
67
1347 (No. 185),
William Montacute,
Henry, First Duke of
and again on the mounted
a.d. 1343, represented
Hundreds of examples of the
on
effigy
his seal.
short or ordinary jupon remain
amongst these may be mentioned that on the
effigy
of the
62
Black
HERALDRY.
68
Prince
This jupon
at Canterbury, a.d. 1376.
emblazoned with
is
Frmice ancient and Englajid quarterly, with
the arms of the Prince
label of three points.
The
is
ornamented with
lions'
beautiful belt
which encircles the jupon
heads, and on the buckle a lion of
England.
Another example
Abbey Church
is
upon the
effigy of
Guy Brian
Sir
This jupon bears the arms "
of Tewkesbury.
Sir
three piles meeting near in the base of the coat^ az."
"
Wednesday next
in the
after the feast of the
Guy
or,
died on
Assumption of the Blessed
Virgin, 1390."
No. 186
is
a late example, and
is
from the
DE Thorpe, at Ash wel -Thorpe Church,
effigy of
two and
It will
one, for
Thorpe,
sa.
af
two
esse between
be observed that the three
az. three crescents ar.
chev. or, for
varieties of
Baynard.
"coats of arms"
They may be described
already described have no sleeves.
Edmund
This jupon bears
Norfolk.
the quartered arms of Thorpe and Baynard
Sir
as of the
shape of a sack, with holes for the arms and head to pass through.
Before the surcoat was shortened,
the waist-belt
down
to the
it
had an opening
bottom of the
skirt
in front
from
but this does not
appear in the jupon.
The Tabard was

ceased to be worn.
had
sleeves.
effigy
of
One
introduced
The
many
years after the jupon had
tabard was not unlike the jupon, but
of the earliest examples
is
John Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel,
in
Arundel Church.
This John was born a.d. 1407, and died a.d. 1434.
instance the sleeves are very shoirt
and
fit
it
represented on the
In
this
closiely,and the quartered
COATS OF ARMS.
69
arms are emblazoned on the body and sleeves of the tabard.

arms are
gu.^
frette or^ for
lion
or, efiraged, az., for Fitzalan,
187.
Tabard of John Feld,
Fitzalan tabard
is
entirely a military tabard,
which had wider and longer
and
sleeves,
and was not so
sa?ig.
gu.^
One
As a mark
a fesse
or, betweejt three eagles
eagle only
is
visible
above the
differs
from
Tudor
era,
close-fitting.
No. 187 represents the tabard of John Feld, with
du
sa.,
Esq., a.d. 1477.
the heralds' official habit, also from the tabard of the
blazonry
and
Maltravers.
No.
The
rampant
The
its
armorial
displayed arg., guttks

fesse
on the
sleeves.
of disgrace, tabards of paper with the arms reversed
were put on prisoners, and thus habited they were led through
tlie streets
The
exposed to the jeers and mocking of the crowd.
tabard was worn
till
the
commencement of
the sixteenth
HERALDRY.
70
century, but since then only
by the
Officers of
emblazoned with the Sovereign's arms on
On
monument
the beautiful
Church, Kent, the

wearing tabards.
and the
to Sir
Arms, who wear them
state occasions.
Thomas Broke,
of his ten sons are
effigies
The married
sinister sides of the
official
habit of
all
Cobham
represented
sons' tabards bear impaled arms,
unmarried sons' tabards are
probably with the intention of being afterwards
The
all
in
the Heralds
is
left
blank,
filled.
a tabard^
or, as it
some-
times termed, ^.placque.
The Mantle,
a long flowing robe worn by knights in the
middle ages, and by Peers up to the present day.
now worn by
estate;
Peers
is
of crimson velvet, and
is
The mantle
called a robe of
Peers have also Parliamentary robes or mantles, and these
are of scarlet.
That of a Duke has/^7^r doublings of ermine
that
of a Marquess, three and a half ; of an Earl, three; of a Viscount,
two and a half; and of a Baron, two.

important part of the
official insignia
The mantle also
constitutes an
of the knightly Orders, and
is
described under each Order in the chapter on Orders of Knighthood.
In the middle ages ladies of rank wore similar mantles, and in
many
instances they were decorated with heraldic charges, in which
case the mantle generally bore either the impaled arms of the lady
and her husband, or her husband's arms

exist in
to
is
monumental
Lady Tiptoft
only.
Numerous examples
effigies; as in the brass at Enfield, a.d. 1446,
(No. 188)
in this instance,
however, the mantle
charged with the impaled arms of the father and the mother of
the wearer,
Edward, Baron Charlton
of Powys, and
Alianore
COATS OF ARMS.
Holland. In
that
Tudor
the
era, ladies
71
bore arms upon the dress, or
garment immediately below the mantle.
monument
to the
memory
of Sir
On
the splendid
Thomas Broke and
his lady,
the effigies of the four daughters are represented bearing arms
upon
that part of the dress seen beneath the
The mantle on
mantle.
Richard
wife of
the effigy of
IL, a.d. 1394,
diapered with badges.
is
Whether
open
front of the
Anne of Bohemia,
first
represented as embroidered or
ladies actually
wore these coats
or mantles of arms, or whether they were simply the device of the
monumental
sculptors,
cannot be positively decided; but
it
is
probable that they actually possessed the embroidered garments.
The numerous examples

The
bears this out.
mental
effigies,
of ladies wearing other heraldic insignia
Yorkist collar
so also
The CoNTOiSE, was
is
is
represented on
many monu-
the celebrated SS collar.
a scarf worn, until the middle of the four-
teenth century, by knights upon the helm, and under the crest.
It
is
supposed
to
have been a " lady's favour " or " token."
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster,

sented with a contoise upon his
dragon.
The Mantling
derived from the
his seal, is repre-
example occurs
contoise,
monu-
have been
earlier period.
a small mantle, generally of crimson
and lined with ermine, with tassels
to the basinet or helm,
to
worn by the knights of an

is
in the
at Westminster.
may, perhaps, be considered
Mantling, or Lambrequin,
silk,
on
helm and surmounted with a
singularly characteristic
ment of Aymer de Valence
velvet or
a.d. 1322,
and hangs over the
it
is
attached
shoulders, of the v/earer.
HERALDRY,
72
The
ged and
irregular
mantling
the ermine spots.
exposed, was
indicated
by the
jag-
Humphrey Stafford, K.G.
In the achievement of arms of
p. 9) the
is
form given to their mantlings by heralds.
Earl Stafford, a.d.
is
much
knightly mantUng, being necessarily
constantly cut and torn in the melee; this
is
1460, on his Garter-plate at Windsor (No. 10,
represented ragged, and the inner side shows
The mantHng
of
John Daubygnf:,
arranged after a peculiarly graceful manner.
a.d. 1346,
This example
usage prevalent in both the fourteenth and fifteenth
illustrates the
centuries of differencing mantlings with the
mark cadency
same charges
This mantling
in shields of arms.
is
that
semee of mullets.
The mantling of George Plantagenet, K.G., Duke of Clarence,

is
of
semee of the white roses of the House of York.
Henry Bourchier,
K.G.,
Earl of Essex, who
The mantling
died in 14S3,
is
represented on his Garter-plate and brass at Little Easton, in Essex,

as
billettee, or^
As a general
arms;
and the
or, if there
lining
semee of small water-bougets
is
mantling
rule, the
sable.
of the metal and colour of the
be more than one metal and colour, of those
that are of the chief importance.
follow this rule,
is
and
Foreign heralds almost invariably
in the case of
an impaled or quartered coat,
they vary the mantling with the arms.

It will
very
It
be seen that the coat of arms of the middle ages
much from what
would be
differs
is
understood by a coat of arms of our day.
difficult to
describe the beauty of the art and work-
manship of the ancient
coats.
of splendour scarcely realized.
Decoration was carried to a degree
The
description given
by some
COATS OF ARMS.
73
old writers of the gorgeous magnificence of the blazon of arms
when
the English and French Kings
met on the Field of the
Cloth of Gold in 1520, and the writings of some of the earlier

chroniclers, give us
some idea of the romantic elegance of chivalry,
and of the grandeur of mediaeval Heraldry.
Many
Royal and noble ladies bear
early seals of
their effigies,
and they are represented with arms charged upon the mantle or
tunic
thus,
Margaret, second Queen of Edward
upon one of her

upon the
ancient,
tunic,
seals having the three lions of
and having on her
and on her
In like manner the
left
I, is
right side a shield of Fra?ice
side a shield charged with a lion rampant.
effigy
of Isabella,
Queen of Edward
represented upon her seal between two shields.

of
Margaret,
wife of
Giffard (about a.d.
John De Neville, and
II. is
Again, the seal
afterwards of Sir
J.
1300), displays her effigy between two shields,
the one to the dexter bearing

pale, arg.
represented
England charged
Giffard gu.,
three lions passant in
and the other being charged with a
lion ranipant ;
the tunic of the effigy the three lions are repeated.
upon
Numbers
of
examples might be added of ladies of rank wearing dresses of arms,

especially in the fourteenth
and
early part of the fifteenth century.
In the middle ages, the ladies of knights were occasionally associated with the Order of the Garter, and monumental
representing the Garter
Ecclesiastics also
heraldic bearings.
upon the arm and
effigies
remain
wrist.
wore vestments charged or decorated with

It
does not appear very clear why these vest-
ments were so charged, and
it is
a question whether the arms were
HERALDRY,
74
those of the wearer, or of the donor of the vestments to the church.
In the South Kensington
Museum
there
is
a magnificent cope
embroidered with various shields of arms. From an inventory taken

at
on
Boston in 1534, we learn that shields of arms were embroidered

*'
altar-cloths.
Item.
An
altar-cloth, the gift of
SON, w* his armes standing in the
myddes
John Robyn-
thereof, w* a frontell
thereunto belonginge, having the seide armes at every ende of the

seide frontell."
If,
cloth of the altar,
then, the arms of the
it is
donor were placed on the
probable they were on the vestments.
No. i83. Manti-b from thr Effigv of Lady Tiptoft, a d

At Enfield, Middlesex.
1446.
No. 189. England.
Crown and Shield of the time of Henrv
CHAPTER
III.
XII.
CHARGES.
THE
ordinaries
and subordinaries not being of
variety to give to every
rous
Charges were
common
object,
man
sufficient
a distinct coat of arms, nume-
introduced, and these comprised almost every
and many imaginary and fabulous
devices, from
the " highest of things celestial, to the lowest of things terrestrial
animals of every description, birds,
fishes, serpents,
upon the shields of the mediaeval warriors

creature best fitted to his estate, or
in
some measure quadrate with
in
some respect
his
in quality like, or
were charged
and each took
whose nature and
that
quality did
own, or whereunto himself was
wished to be resembled unto."
HERALDRY
76
upon a
All beasts, birds, or other creatures placed
shield are
entitled Charges.
|The Li on ranks
and he
generosity.
reigns of
first
among
the animals employed in Heraldry,
supposed to symbolize nobleness of nature, courage, and
is
The
lion
is
borne on most Royal
England have borne
lions as far
bears the well-known tressured lion.
The
monarchical dominion.
He
lion
is
tudes, each having a particular signification,
not natural to him.
The
made
and the gold
for distinction,
Sove-
shield of Scotland
said to represent
is
borne
in various atti-
and of various colours

been evidently
variations of colour have

lion of
The
back as we have authentic
The Royal
record of their armorial bearings.
command and
shields.
England and the red lion
of Scotland were equally honourable.

It
may
not be out of place to call attention here to the numerous
inns throughout the country
and " the golden
lion."
still
bearing the signs of " the red lion"
Probably not one out of twenty of the
owners know the origin of the loyal sign they bear.
The
lion is
borne
in the following positions
rampafit^
rampant
guardantf rampant reguardant^ passant^ passant guardant^ passant

reguardantf statant, statant guardant, salient^ combattant^ sejant^ sejant
guardant, sejant rampant^ coiichant or dormant^ coward^ &c.

lions
may be
addorsed^ counter-passant^
rafnpantf issuant^ or naissant.
the
same
The
when
Any one
lion a distinct bearing
&c
a demi-lion
Two
may be
of the above varieties makes
from any one other
teeth, claws, or talons of lions are
termed
variety.
their arms,
and
these are of a different tincture from the body, they are said
CHARGES.
to be
is
annedoi such a
tincture.
always gules ; so also
is
77
be not
If this
The tongue
the tongue.
is
same
tincture as the claws,
ture.
If the field should
armed
afid latigued, then, instead of gules, the claws
and
be
is
arming
specified, the
generally the
blazoned latigued of such a
gules,
and
tinc-
the lion be not blazoned
and tongue
must be azure.
The Lion rampant
(No. 190) stanas erect on his two hind-legs,
with one of his fore-legs elevated; his
The
elevated.
tail
is
also represented
early heralds considered that the natural
attitude for the lion
was rampant and preparing
to
and proper
make a
towards his prey; they, therefore, blazoned him when in

titude simply a " lion," and,
such in the blazon.
when
The red
in
any other
lion in the
spring
this at-
attitude, described
Royal arms of Scotland
is
a lion rampant.
Rampant guardant (No.
191) differs from rampant only in having
the head of the lion affronte, or with

tator.
lion
The
its
face turned to the spec-
dexter supporter of the Royal arms of England
is
rampant guardant.
Rampant reguardant (No.
192) represents the lion in the same
position as rampant, but with the head turned back, or cotitourne.
The
supporters of the arms of
guardant
or, ducally
Lord Carberry
crowned, az., and those of
are two lions re-
Lord Braybrooke
are also two lions rampafit reguardant.
In blazoning supporters, the term reguardant would be
sufficient
without the addition of rampant, as rampant would be the natural

attitude of
a lion supporting a
shield.
Some
rampant reguardant as counter-rampant.
ancient heralds blazon
No.
194.
No.
195.
CHARGES.
79
Passant (^Q^cnht^ the attitude of a lion when walking, with three
paws placed on the ground, and the fourth
The
raised.
tail is
(the dexter fore-paw)
curled over the back, and the head
is
always
represented on the dexter side of the shield, and placed in the

direction he
is
a lion passant^
The L'Estrange
walking.
and Lord Massy bears
arg.^
family bears this lion,
on a chevron, between three lozenges,
sa.y
or.
Passant guardant (No. 189, page 75) was by early heralds bla-
zoned a
^^
leopard'''
or a " lion leopard" and this term also appUed to
the preceding {passant).
The
lions of England, until the
end of
the fourteenth century, were generally, but not always, blazoned

as 'Uupards;'
In the
roll
''
leoparts," or
''
lybbardes.''
Upon
his shoulders a scheld of stele.
With
the lybbardes painted wele.
of arms of
Henry
III., the first entry
is,
''Le
Roy
d^ Angleierre porte goules trois lupards d'or^
After the fifteenth century, the attitude of the lion of Heraldry,
whatever his attitude, received
its
Stowe quotes the
true name.
record of " three living leopards being sent as a present
Emperor of Germany
to
Henry
III., in allusion to his
by the
Royal
coat of arms."
The
statute of
Edward
that all pieces of gold
" signee de wie
teste
I.,
and
a.d. 1300, 28th

silver plate,
Ed.
when
I.,
cap. 20, ordains
assayed, should be
de leopart''ma.vked with the King's
There has been much
controversv about
this
lion.
term leopard, and
HERALDRY.
8o
the subject has been
fairly
exhausted; and
it
has
now been
well decided that the term " leopard " did not actually
pretty
mean
the
animal of that name, but was a term applied to the lion when in
the particular position represented
on the Royal
shield of England.
In the time of Shakspeare that the bearings in the Royal arms
were regarded as lions

^^
lions in
The
England's
lion, as
it is
is
evident from his repeated allusion to the
coat."
now blazoned passant
gjiardant, diffeis from
the lion passafit in that he looks out from the shield towards the
spectator, or
The
the
lio7i
is affronte.
lion passant guardant,
when
Passant Reguardant
is
similar to passant
is
behind him or toward the
sinister.
Statant
is
of the lion
is
Statant guardant
is
The
tail
he were looking
a direct
in
line.
The head
turned to the dexter, and he looks before him.
crest of the
head
if
a term used to express a lion standing on his four
gu.f turned np, erm.^
Duke of Northumberland
a lion statant^
is
az.^ the tail
is
on a chapeau,
extended (No. 196).
similar to the preceding, except that the
affrotite instead of turning to the dexter side of the shield.
of the lion statant, whether guardant or otherwise,
generally represented as drooping
blazoned
The
often blazoned as
and passant guardant;
turned back, as
both the fore and hind-legs being
The
is
of England.
but the head of the lion
feet,
of gold,
extetided or extended in
crest of the
but,
a right
Duke of Norfolk
is
when extended, must be
line.
is
on a chapeaUygu.^
tunwd
CHARGES.
/, erm.^
8i
lion statant guardant, his tail extended or, gorged
with a
ducal coronet arg.
No. 197 represents the

extended, the crest of the
lion statant guardant, with
taU
Howards.
Duke of
No. 196. Crest of the
the
No. 197. The
Howard
Lion.
Northumberland.
Salie?it signifies in the act
of leaping or making a spring.
salient is represented as erect, standing
the fore -paws and the
tail
elevated,
on the two
lion
hind-legs, with
and the head looking
to ihe
dexter side of the shield.
Combattant
Some
face.
is
term
tlie
for
two rampant
heralds blazon this position
but the former term
is
lions placed face to
Rampant
scarcely necessary, as
it
necessary or natural position for lions combattant
combattant:
would be the
01^
in combat.
Other heralds, again, blazon combattant as Counter-rampant. Vis-
count LoRTON bears

hand.
When two
rampant,
face
it
is
gu.,
two
lions combattant, supporting a dexter
coats of arms are impaled, each bearing a lion
customary by foreign heralds to place them face
on the impaled
to
shield, or Cotmter-rampafit.
Sejant (No. 194), sitting

lion are stretched out
down
or at
rest.
The
on the ground, the head
four legs of the
is erect.
HERALDRY.
82
Sejant guardant
the
is
Lord Lyons
affronte.
same
bears
as the preceeding, but the face
sa.^
on a chevron^ between three lions
sejant guardant, arg., as 7nany castles, triple towered,

Sejatit
rampant (No. 193)
are elevated
and the paws
Couchant or Dortnant
The head
of the lion
is
rest
of ihejield.
similar to sejant, but the fore-legs
on the ground.
asleep or in the attitude of repose.
is
is
is
represented as resting on the fore-paws,
which are extended and resting on the ground.
Coward (No.
and
his tail
198)
passant reguarda?it with the eyes downcast,
is
between his
No. 198. LroN Coward.
Addorsed
on the
is
From
and exhibiting other
the Seal of Arthur
signs of fear.
Tudor, Prince of Walks.
the term for two lions rampant placed back to back
shield.
Cotinter-passant, said
and the other

site
legs,
to the
passant as two
sinister,
Some
directions.
lioncels,
of two lions, one turning to the dexter

or passing
old writers
blazon
each other in oppo-
two
lions
counter-
but two lions appears to be the more correct
blazon.
Tricorporated
is
the term for three bodies of lions issuing from
three parts of a shield,

in the fesse point.
all
meeting and joining under one head
CHARGES.
83
Edmund Crouchback, Earl of Lancaster, in the reign of

Edward I., bore gides^ a tricorporated lion or, langued
his brother
and ari?ied,
az.
Dismembered 01
paws cut
is
off,
and placed near the body. The
Maitland bear
tail,
and
outline of the animal
The Earl of Lauderdale and
not altered by this cutting.
Sir Gibson
a
JDechaiisse (No. 195), having the head
or,
a Hon rampant, dkhausse, within
dotible tressure fleury connter-fleury , gu.
These arms are the
Royal arms of Scotland, with the difference of the dismembered

lion,
and were probably granted
Maitlands
for the loyalty
and services of the
to the throne of Scotland.
Queue fourchee (No. 259, page 186), having a double
Two
or three lions
may be borne upon one
P2arl of
Pembroke h^zx^ per pale, az.
two and
one,
The Catlings
arg.
passant guardant in pale,
When more
termed
When
shield (No. 206,
who
Another
Catlyns bear
or
three lions
or.
In
this case, the
animals are almost invariably
charged upon an ordinary, even two or three lions
are entitled lioncels
bury,
thus, the
shield;
a?td gu., three lions rampant,
than three lions are borne on a shield, they are
Lioncels.
rampant.
tail.
as
chevron of the Cobhams.
The
of William Longspee, Earl of
Salis-
in the
page 97)
died a.d. 1226, bears six lioncels upon a
fine early
example
OF Hereford, which
is
is
the shield of the
thus blazoned
field azure.
De Bohuns, Earls
azure, a bend arg., cotised,
between six lioncels or.
HERALDRY.
84
A great
number of our
nobility bear the lion either in their arms,
as a supporter to the shield, or as a crest.
The Royal
the crown.
crest of
England
The Royal
is
No.
The
tion,
true heraldic lion
and with a
a crowned lion standing upon
crest of Scotland
is
is
199.
represented as
fierceness
also a lion.
full
of
almost grotesque.
life
and anima-
In the earliest
No. 200. Conventional Forms of Lions.
examples the bodies are as thin as the
tails.
The
beautiful con-
ventional forms used by the old sculptors and painters are very
CHARGES.
On some
striking.
entirely
85
of the monumental brasses they are produced
by contrast of metal and colour: Nos. 199 and 200 are
examples from early brasses.

In some early instances the body of the lion
formed to
fit
the shape of the shield, and the
ornamental curl to
fill
up the
most ingeniously
twisted into
some
shield.
No.
PuGiN
is
tail
says the lion Couchant
201.
is
Rampant
the
emblem of
sovereignty,
magnanimity,
Passant
resolution,
Guardant
prudence,
Salient
valour,
Sejant
counsel,
Reguardant
circumspection.

HERALDRY.
86
The
may be blazoned
lion
prey, or devouring
it
or he
When
watching
for his
ivings, as in the instance of
Brave Barony
the supporters of the
guardani^
vigilant^ or vormit
may have
on either side rampant
winged, vair.
or,
an ordinary
set over
is
lion, the
The Earl Crauford
such ordinary.
animal
is
debruised by
bears a lion debruised of a
ribboti, in bend.
The
lion is frequently
The
mouth or paw.
gu., holding
The
crowned, or he grasps some object in his
family of
a sword ppr.,
lion
also borne
is
attached, or he
hilt
Cape bear
for
a crest a lion pass,
and pommel or (No. 397, page
collared,
301).
and sometimes with a chain
may have his neck gorged (encircled)
with a coronet.
Various parts of a lion are borne as charges, and a portion of a

lion
may be
as honourable for a bearing as the whole animal.
demi'lion
rampant
is
the upper half of the
body of the animal
couped or cut off straight, immediately below the gambe or fore-leg,
and half the
lion's
tail
head
with the terminating
is
tuft.
represented by the head and neck.
blazoned couped, the neck terminates in a straight

blazoned erased,
it
is
When
line
it
is
when
represented as ragged or torn off from the
body.
A lion's face also borne as a charge (No. 202).

A lion's gambe, ox jambe, the entire leg of a lion. The Viscount
is
is
DowNE
a
bears for a crest a demi-Saracen holding in the dexter hand
ring, gold, stoned^ az.,
armed, gu.
and
in the sinister
lion's
gambe, erased,
or,
CHARGES.
liofi's
The
paw
is
87
the leg cut off below the middle joint.
terms that are applied to lions are also applicable to
all
beasts of prey.
Knight of the time of Edward
No. 202. Shield of Effigy
Animals of the chase have several terms peculiarly
When
they stand they are said to be at gaze;
they are tripping;
when
when
attires,
attired of his antlers.

cabossed.
own.
in motion,
and
Their antlers, being ornamental, are
the branches being tynes.
All the fiercer animals are
is
their
in rapid motion, they are at speed;
at rest, they are lodged.
termed
when
II.
armed of
The head
stag full-grown
female without horns, a Hind.
is
their
of a stag,
horns
but a Stag
when placed
generally blazoned a
is
affronte,
Hart; the
HERALDRY,
Almost every description of
head of the
is
the Elephant^ the Camel^ and the
The
with in arms.
county as
has been assigned a

the lion
is
at the
birds, the eagle.
The Horse
met
living thing
At the head of the animals
place in Heraldry.
much
as the
white horse of Kent
Dog are
still
frequently
distinguishes that
The
Union Jack does England.
elephant
employed as the dexter supporter of the arms of the Earl of
Powis and
as one of the crests of
Every variety of
OF Newcastle
Melfort
The
Dog is
Pakington.
employed. The greyhound by the
the sleuthhound by the
the Talbot dog
Duke
Earl of Perth and
by the Earl of Shrewsbury.

and
Antelope, the Tiger, the Leopard, the Bear, the Bull,
the Calf are of frequent occur-
The
rence.
heraldic bear of
Warwick and
Ne-
the bull of
ville are interwoven with our

national history.
Rams
are borne
mily of Ramsey
betwee7i
Rams
three
by the
a
az.,
rams
fa-
chcv.
pass., or.
support the shield of
arms of the Abbey of
St.
Alban
on the monumental chantry of

No. v!03. Shield ok Abuot Ramryge.
Abbot Ramryge (No.

319).
Rams and
421, p.
ram's heads
are frequently used in the heraldic sculpture of this beautiful chan-
CHARGES.
89
In his great delight in this allusion to his name, the Abbot
try.
appears to have charged a ratn rampafit upon his paternal shield

of arms (No. 203).
are both in the
be observed that the
It will
same
direction
zoned /î"i"^/, and the ram

Hedgehogs^ are borne
by
on the
shield
lion
and the ram
but the lion
is
bla-
coiiraiit.
the families of
Herrer, De Heriz,
or
Harris, and Speechly.
There are various terms applied

of animals
up on the
an animal running,
is
in
Heraldry to the position, &.,
said to
be
coiirant ;
when
rearing
said of
an animal
represented as issuing from a fesse or other ordinary.
Animals
hind-legs, fresiiee^ &c.
having two heads are blazoned
Naissant
doiihle-tete ;
is
when
encircled round
the neck or throat with a collar or crown, they are said
Animals having hoofs of a tincture
gorged.
are said to
be hoofed of such a tincture.
different
to
be
from the body
When they are
represented
of their natural colour, they are blazoned proper or ppr.
When
beasts of prey are devouring their prey, they are WdiZonÂ preying
when watching
blood
is
The
Wild
many
it,
vigilant ;
and when wounded so
that the
dripping, vulned.
Goat, the Boar, the Fox, the Wolf, the Cat-a-Mountain, or

Cat, the Ermine, the Beaver, the Otter, the Squirrel,
and
others hold important places.
Shakspeare
of
for
Richard
frequently alludes to the wild boars, the supporters
III.,
and
to the bear of
Warwick.
Parts of animals are very general in arms.
The
three boar's
heads of the Gordons and the three elephant's heads of the Mar-
HERALDRY.
90
QUis
Camden
ing to this group
fleur-de-lis,
are well-known bearings.

is
singular charge belong-
the leopard's face, borne
affrofite^
and having the lower part of the flower
The arms
the animal's mouth.
resting
upon
issuing from
of the See of Hereford aiegti., three
leopard^s heads reversed, Jessant, as uiany fleiirs-de-lis or.
No. 204. Imperial Eagle, from the
Birds of
into
all
Tomb
of
William de Valence.
kinds appear in Heraldry.
two classes
Of
the
first
class are
These may be divided
Fowls of Prey, such as the
Ea^le, the Vulture, the Falcoji, the Gufalcon, the Saker, the Lanert,
the Tercel, the
The
charges
Sparrow Hawk, the Marlin, the
Kite, the
Buzzard,
Owl
and the
Eagle, sometimes blazoned Erne,

:
it
is
appears on the seal of Richard,
supporting his shield of arms from
Amongst
amongst beasts
make
earliest
Earl of Cornwall,
beak, about a.d. 1260.
heraldic birds, the eagle holds the
lion maintains
delighted to
its
one of the
same rank
that the
and the early heralds evidently
their eagles thoroughly heraldic.
An
Imperial
CHARGES.
Eagle has generally two heads,
The
crowned.
eagle charged in
the north aisle of Westminster
crowned
and
relief
of
upon the
Abbey has a
Upon one of the shields
monument
generally represented
is
but at Great Yarmouth there
two heads.
the
91
is
single
early shield in
head and
is
not
a similar eagle having
originally blazoned
Earl William de Valence,
on
a copy of which
No. 205. The Emperor, Monument at King's Langley.
is
fortunately preserved in the British
Museum
(No. 204),
is
an
excellent example of the Imperial eagle having one head only.
Baron Methuen
eagle.
K.G.,
bears his shield on the breast of an Imperial
On the elaborate altar-tomb of Edmond Plantagenet,

Duke of York, a.d. 1402, is an example of the Imperial
eagle having two heads, but not crowned, beautifully sculptured in

alabaster, but
somewhat exaggerated
Another example
is
in
the drawing, No. 205.
from the monumental chantr>^ of Abbot Ram-

HERALDRY.
92
RYGE, at
St.
Albans; No. 226 (page 137).
artistic feeling,
it
considering the lateness of the Gothic era in which
was sculptured.
No. 203 (page 88)
Ramrydge, and bears
Some
This shield shows real
the shield of
is
Abbot
three eagles.
writers describe the double-headed eagle of the preceding
conventional forms as the Imperial eagle, and the single-headed as

the Royal eagle.
The
usual position of the eagle in arms
instance of
all
birds of prey, the
displayed, while those of
is
displayed.
expanded wings are
In the
said to
be
birds that are not birds of prey are
all
disclosed.
When more
than three eagles are borne in a shield, they are
blazoned Eaglets.
Falcotis
of
The well-known
were early employed in Heraldry.
John of Ghent
is
charged with his badges
seal
two falcons hold-
ing fetter-locks in their beaks.
When
falcons or
their legs, they are
hawks are represented with

blazoned
sented generally with wings
The Hawk appears

arms of Charles
Falcons are repre-
close.
paternal shield
is
charged upon the
The Earl of Mountcashell
crest Sigoshaivky seizing
Of
and jessed.
and straps on
as a single supporter in a special grant of
The
I.
breast of the hawk.
belled
bells
bears for a
a coney both ppr.

y
the second class of heraldic birds are the
Swan, the
Cygnety
the Wild Goose, the Wild Duck, the Sheldrake, the Shoveller, the
Cormorant, the Stork, the Heron, the Stern, the KingHslier, &c.
CHARGES,
The Swan^ when blazoned
proper^
have
for a crest a
white, with red beak,
is
The Calders,
has some black about the nostrils.
swan swimming in a
celebrated badge of the
93
De Bohuns
of Muirtoune,
with flags.
loch bordered
and many
beautiful
BoHUN,
On
swan having a
collar
and chain
is
Humphrey de
the seal of
A.D. 1322, the guige, or shield-belt,
carried
is
and
monuments
ingenious designs introducing the swan remain on the

seals of that great family.
The
was a sivan crowned or ducally
gorged and chained (No. 405, page 310)
and
and
by a swan.
sometimes blazoned a Cygnet
Royal.
The
Sheldrake and the Shoveller are borne by Jackson.
Cormorant was borne as a
crest
by the
father of
Cardinal Pole,
The
on a wreath^ a cormorant trussing a fish^ all proper.
borne by Cave
the family of
beaked
and
BucHAN
Cornish Choughs by Colebrooke.
Heron
legged or.
Stork
is
The head
of
two aftd
one, arg.,
supporters of the shield of the
Earl of
bears gu., three
The
The
are two Ostriches.
The Dove
heroiis,
is
borne by
Lord Chelms-
ford ; the Raven by the family of Corbett ; the Cock by Lord

Castlemaine,
The
she
is
Pelican
in allusion to the family

is
used as a crest and also as a Christian symbol
generally blazoned as
standing above
its
name, Handcock.
nest,
2,
pelican in its piety,
and nourishing
its
and
is
represented
young with blood. The
BuxTONS, of Shadwell Court, Co. Norfolk, bear
for
a crest
2i
pelican
in her piety.
All small birds are generally
drawn
but their colour must be blazoned.
in the form of Blackbirds,
HERALDRY.
94
The
Peacock^ the
Game
The peacock,
Heraldry.
Cock,
with
and many other birds are borne

tail
spread,
is
in
said to be in pride.
Birds represented as about to take wing are blazoned rising, or
when
roussant i
flying aloft, soaring, or volant;
a bird are close to
The Ga?ne
its
body,
He
Beaked
any
is
armed of
comb and
is
said to be crested
beak and
his
when
the wings of
close.
gills
of a different
and wattled of such a
spurs.
applied to birds, not of prey, to denote the tincture of
is
Membered applies
their beaks.
legs of
said to be
Cock, represented with
tincture from the body,

tincture.
it is
same manner
in the
beak and
to the
bird.
In blazoning wings with the

ployed.
Winged
from the
bird.
is
tips elevated, the
the term used
Parts of birds are borne with
em-
the wings differ in tincture
many
variations of arrangement.
inverted
tassels or, is
borne as a crest by the
of an eagle displayed,
erect is
when
Two wings
and
term
endorsed, arg., co?iJoi?ied by
Meux
cord,
with
family.
The two wings
when conjoined and borne
as a charge, are
sometimes blazoned as a
vol,
and demi-vol when a
single
wing
is
borne.
The head
of a swan in a charge
Fish have been much employed

are borne as charges.
self to
"
is
blazoned a swan's
in
Heraldry, and every variety
The Heraldry
of Fish "
form a volume, as the valuable work by Mr.
therefore but a
ject can
mere mention of
be here given.
It is
this
neck.
is
sufficient of
Moule
it-
testifies
important branch of the sub-
supposed that
fish
were regarded with
CHARGES.
95
special favour as heraldic charges in the

belief that " they
were the
The Dolphin seems

amongst
lion holds
to
first
No. 227 (page 138)
The arms
Russell, borne
in pretence
M.P., are
a dolphin
az.,
two
the second,
may be
It
the surface for

it is
fish that
the
a good example
Lady Frankland
of the late
late
is
R. Neville Grenville,
naiant embowed
on
or,
a chief of
saltires gu.
is
blazoned naiant ; when
air, it is
uria?if.
embowed.
by the
advisable to explain here that a fish
across the field
base,
by God."
have held the rank amongst
beasts.
of the heraldic dolphin.
middle ages, from the
living things created
hauriant ; but
When
Most of the
the
body
is
when
in pale, with
its
it is
head
in
blazoned
Franklin and Franklyn bear
families of
Eyford Hall, Co. Gloucester, bear
The
infesse
in pale, as if rising to
bent or carved,
a dolphin or dolphins in their arms.
ivays in pale, or.
it is
swimming
family of
The
Dolphin, of
family of
az., three
dolphins naiant fesse-
Dolphingley bear
vert, three
dolphins naiafit in pale, ar.
The Pike
is
frequently borne as a charge under the
The famous Sir Thomas Lucy,

in the
time of
Queen Elizabeth, was
bard for stealing deer, bore gu., three

first
scene of the
first
so satirized
Duke
is
the
act of the "
Lucy
seal,
luce.
by Shakspeare
by him of the
In the
luces hauriant, arg.
Merry Wives of Windsor," there
a discussion about the luces upon the coat of Shallow.
(page 169)
of
of Charlecote, Warwickshire, who,
as Justice Shallow, in retaliation for the prosecution
is
name
No. 242
with three luces intertwined.
of Northumberland quarters the Lucy
arms.
The
HERALDRY,
96
Amongst
the other fish
commonly borne
in
Heraldry are Barbels^
Herrings^ Roach^ &c.
The arms of Whaley Monastery,
Lancashire, were^/., three whales
hanriantj or, in the mouth of each a crozier of the
last.
It will
be
seen that the whales have allusion to the name, and the crozier to
The Whalleys
the monastery.
Norton Hall, Co. Somerset,
of
Wyamarus Whalley,
descended from
standard-bearer at
the
Battle of Hastings, bear arg., three whale's heads haiiriafit, e7'asedy sa.
Several branches of the
Salmon
1
62 1 the arms,
Salmon
Sturgeon,
When
Herring
family bear three herrings.
borne by some branches of the family of Salmon.
is
sa.,
and the Eel are
all to
The
In
were granted to
three sahnons hauriant, or,
of Wildheath, Co. Chester.
The
Roach, the Trout, the
be found as charges.
the fins of fishes are of a different tincture from their
bodies, they are blazoned finned of such a tincture.
When no
is
of small
particular variety of fish
size,
is
and the creature
specified,
the blazon simply states the charge to be a " fish."
Reptiles and Insects are also introduced into coat armour.

Nearly
are represented with their
all reptiles
and with the head
A
ing
to the spectator,
in chief.
Snake may be borne
and erected on
back
its tail,
noived, that
and
i^liding.
Caius College, Cambridge, ar, on a
is,
turned into a knot
curl-
The arms of Gonville and
chev., between
indented, sa., three escallop shells or, for Gonville;
two
couple-closes
impaling or,semee
sengreen resting
offtoivers, gentle, in the middle of the chief a
upon the
heads of two serpents, in pale, their tails knit together, allproper colours.
CHARGES,
resting upoti
a square marble
a bordure gobony or and
sa.
stone verty for Caius
No more
blazon could probably be found

serpents together,
97
and decorating
the whole within
extraordinary or lengthy
the knitting of the

their
tails
of the
heads with house-leek,
very curious.
No. 206. ShiEiD OF William Longspee,
Earl of Salisbury
is
CHAPTER
XIII.
BLAZONING.
TO
blazon a coat
upon
it
in their proper
rules of Heraldry.
is
To
field
and display amis
and
first
or colour, but
is
colours,
in Blazoning
is
and
and Marshalling
For instance,
If the field
parted by a perpendicular
called the
field,
the
then the blazon
The ground
because the charges upon
divided by a partition
if
be not of one metal
line,
it
of
originally
represented the great deeds done upon the field of battle.

the field
borne
accordance with the
in
would be, " he beareth per pale or and gules."

the shield
is
describe the metal, tincture, or fur of the
be red, " he beareth gules," &c.

is
that
group several coats into one heraldic com-
the groundwork of the shield.
is,
all
Armoury.
In blazoning arms,
that
and
and respective metals,
called Marshalling^
consists the skill of
field,
to describe the field
It is to explain
positions.
position
is
When
such line
is
understood to be
when a device
is
laid
line,
straight unless described otherwise.
The
shield
such device
upon
it.
charge
is
is
is
called charged
again entitled charged
upon
when another object
is
it,
and
placed
Devices laid upon a shield are termed charges, but a single

generally called a bearing.
BLAZONING.
Heraldic language
99
most concise and
is
explicit,
and conveys to
the mind's eye an exact representation of the arras.
or a
or
number should occur twice
number
is
to
in the
same
tincture as the field,
the tincture of the field
is
is
said to
last," &c., if its tincture

last,
same sentence, such
tincture
Thus, should a charge be of
said to
it is
be
^'-
always the first that
be
of the field
is
may be blazoned
blazon, a charge of that tincture
So any charge
a tincture
be indicated by reference to the words already used,
and not by actually repeating them.

the
If
"^ the second,''
^^
be the same as the
" or as
specified in the
^^
as
of the
of the first."
third,''
'^
of the
second, the third, the
or any other that has been already specified.
In no case must
there be a repetition of words.
Having blazoned the
then,
if
that
is,
the groundwork of the shield
there be several charges, follows that which
is
next
to,
or
"
field.
The blazon of a coat or quartering,"
Mr. Gough Nichols, " should be commenced with a capital
immediately upon the

says
field
letter,
but no other capitals should be used, except when a proper
name
occurs, such as Katherine-wheel
more points than
"
and he urges that no
are absolutely necessary be introduced,
and
seldom any stronger than a comma, unless in a long and complicated coat.
After the tincture of the field always place a
The presence and

cial care.
the position of the stops ox points
comma.
demand
espe-
Every abbreviation must be marked with a.fuU stop
thus, arg. for argent.
Nothing
is
without description, and nothing
specified that can

is left
be understood
in uncertainty.
After the description of the principal charge, then secondary
72
HERALDRY.
lOO
objects are described,
and
lastly,
any charge placed upon another
charge.
The
tincture of
any charge always follows the name of the
charge itself thus, a lion rampant
There are many
sable.
of attitude in which animals, as charges,
varieties
may be emblazoned
and
the great importance of attending to these should not be over-
looked, as there
and a
is
as great a difference
lion passant, as
between two
No.
When
row
ceed
shield, the
one
six,
rampant
in writing, not in figures
number
in each
t^, and one," and these
generally indicated as, ^''thiee,
is
lion
207.
several charges appear in
must be given
between a
distinct animals.
but when the numbers ex-
they produce the appearance of a pattern, and the field
so covered
is
said to
be semee with the charge
in question, as in
No. 207, of the ancient shield of France from Westminster Abbey.
Mr. Gough Nichols,
in the "
Herald and Genealogist,"
calls
BLAZONING.
attention to
out,
among
numerous
errors to
other things, that
not " three wolves' heads

lions'
be found
we should
"
loi
in blazon;
and he points
write "three
wolfs heads,"
and " three
lioii!s
jambs," not " three
jambs."
When
blazoned
charges are represented of their natural colour, they are

^^
proper^'' or,
falcon's head
erased^
more
generally,
^^
For instance,
ppr."
ppr^
*'
a
''
Blazon always expresses with consistent distinctness the attitude,

costume, action, &c., of every
profile,
Thus, a head would be in
figure.
or affrontee, or ttguardant ; and the hand would be either
the dexter or the
siftister,
and
is
The
ered^ g^^^pi^^Si or appaumee.
same would be the case with an arm, which, when bent

elbow,
at the
embowed, &c.
Different terms are applied to different animals to express the
same
position.
For instance, to animals of the chase we apply
the term trippings or trippant^ that
the lion, passant.
To
is,
when
in
an easy motion
the eagle, the falcon, and
having the wings expanded, the term displayed

other
birds, disclosed.
an animal of the chase,
the fullest and most
follows gives
explicit
In blazoning a shield the
marks of cadency
is
is
to
birds of prey
appiled, but to
said to be cotichant
that
is,
Differencing.
all
these different terms in
is
to describe differences, or
manner.
last
thing
the distinguishing marks of different
members or branches of a family.

Cadency and
down
lion lying
all
lodged.
The Glossary which
"^
^VSj^"^
separate chapter
is
given to
"
,
HERALDRY.
102
The
study of genealogy and the use of arms being so closely
allied, as
the use of armorial bearings increased,
it
became most
important to represent correctly in one shield the arms of the

several families with
whom
there
had been intermarriage. The
quartered shield presented correctly at one view the hereditary

dignity of a family
and
its
and blazonry, which simply described a
bearings, called forth a
quarterings,
new
art to divide the shield into
and assign properly each
and practice became necessary
shield
part.
The most
careful laws
to determine such combinations,
and this art was called " Marshalling."
No. ao8.CoDDiKRB OR Elbow-Guard.
St.
Edmund's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
CHAPTER
XIV.
GLOSSARY.
ABACOT.^ cap of
Abaisse.
state.
Said of an ordinary when placed below the centre
of the shield, as, gu., a chevron abaisse ar. (No. i6o, page 56).
Abased.
See Abaisse
A mark
Abatement.
degraded in
dignity.
whereby the coat or
shield
is
lowered or
There are several ways of marking an
Guillim gives nine such marks,
abatement.
either
its
all
of which are of
one or the other of the two colours, " tenne
"
(tawney) and
" sanguine."
Abbot.
sixth century
title
it
originally given to
any aged monk, but since the
has been applied to the head of any monastery or
abbey, whether lay or
clerical.
In England, mitred abbots sat and
voted in the House of Lords, and laymen,
who were
styled secular
abbotsy
had to appoint regular abbots to perform the monastic
duties.
Monasteries often chose for themselves a powerful noble
or Prince as lay abbot, for the sake of gaining his protection.
Abbofs
staff.
The
A vexilluvi,
head.
of the pastoral
the crook
is
official staff
staff,
encircling
its shaft.
is
all
representations
In the case of an abbot
turned inwards, to symbolize the limitation of his
power, in contradistinction to the
crook
of an abbot, having a crooked
or scarf, hangs from almost
staff of a bishop,
of which the
represented turned outwards, to show his extended power.
HERALDRY.
io4
Abeyance,
When
A term
importing that a dignity
is
in expectation.
there are several claimants or co-heirs, the dignity
is
in
suspense until one co-heir only remains.
boiiche.
Said of a shield
lance to pass through (No.

Aboute.
pierced on the dexter side for the
page
4,
7).
See Conjoined.
The paraphernalia belonging to a
Accessories.
shield.
These are
the helm, cap, coronet, crest, ciown, wreath, mantle, supporters,
badge,
scroll,
Accession.
Accolee.
motto, &c., &c.
The succession of an
Collared.
shields in foreign
cucoleeSy
a collar
Accolade.
Collars
Heraldry
may
heir to a title or estate.
of knighthood
when
and,
encircle
impaled
there are two shields
encircle both.
The term
applied to the ceremony of the admission
of a knight into any order.

Accosted.
Charges
placed on
either side of another charge, or
side
by
side.
Accrued.
vigour of
Full-grown;
leaf,
in full
branch, and
fruit
generally used to distinguished a

tree
grown
to maturity from a sap-
ling.
Achievemait.
badges, and
full
The
symbols,
armorial honours
of a Sovereign or subject.
chievement now chiefly
hatchments
o^lo^î^^^SiTZ .5 *<v'm
his
Monumenl&l Slab
Oxfordshire.
at
Norton
Brise,
Signs
displaying
A-
refers to
the
en-
and dignity of the deceased
UôroiDCafer.
GLOSSARY.
Acorned.
Represented with acorns.
105
The tQxm fructed
is
more
generally used.
Addorsedf Adorsed, Adosse, Addose^ or Endorsed.

back.
Placed back to
The
term applied to animals and inaninate charges.
arms of Abbotsbury Abbey are

aftd one in base, or, each
az., three pair
of
keys,
two in chief
pair addorsed and conjoined in the
rings,
wards in chief
Admiral.
The
title
of the highest rank of naval
ally spelt aniiral or atnmiral,
officers, origin-
from the Arabic amir, a lord or
Charged, decorated.
The upper parts of the horns of a
Affrontant, or Affronted. Front or
Affronte,
chief.
Adorned.
Advancers.
stag.
Aj^rontee,
full-faced
term also applied to two animals facing each
to the spectator.
other.
Agmis Dei.
The
Lamb
of
God
is
one of the
titles
of Christ,
and the effigy of a lamb bearing a cross, and with a halo or nimbus,
is
styled
The Agnus Dei
Agnus Dei.
is
borne in the arms of the
Middle Temple.
Aguilated, or Aigiilated.
Aiguisee.
See
Adorned with the heads of
eagles.
Fitchee.
Winged.
Voided sliowing the shield through.
Alant. A short-eared
Alb. A long white linen vestment worn by
Aisle.
Ajoiire.
mastiff.
ecclesiastics at
divine service.
Albatiy
Herald. OnQ of the seven Scotch
heralds.
Alcantara.K Spanish Order of Knighthood, founded in 1156,

and raised by Pope Celestine III. in 1197 to the rank of a religious order.
order
2i
The badge
pear-tree.
is
a cross fleurettee, and the crest of th^
HERALDRY,
io6
Alderman,
man
A municipal
derived from ealdor (older), and
title
(Ang. Sax.)
Alembic.
form of
introduced by the alchemists.
still
This
charge appears in the shield of the Pewterers' Company.
An ordinary couped the ends.

Globular.
or Alerions. Displayed eagles or
Aliaize.
Alise.
at
Allerions,
eaglets, beakless
and
footless like the martlet.
Allumee.
Lighted
described allumee
Almoner.
from within.
when
The
Originally a member of a
distribute alms-money.
eyes of an animal are
sparkling.
religious order,
The Lord High Almoner
who had
to
distributes the
Queen's bounty.
Altar.
rally
A charge sometimes occurring
depicted as a heathen
Ambulant.
in Heraldry,
and gene-
sacrificial altar inflamed.
Walking, or passant.
Some
heralds are of opinion
that " ambulant " denotes the representation of a quicker
mode
of
progression than " passant."
Amethyst.
The name given by ancient
heralds for purpitre, or
purple.
Amphisien Cockatrice.
Having a second
head at the end of the
tail.
Ananas. A pineapple.
Anchor.
cable,
This
and
charge
is
set fesse-wise,
Admiralty (No. 210); but
1
No.
place
210.
it
in pale,
and
it is
A small
flag
Ancred, or Anchored.
on the
When
it
is
British
usual to
depicted without
a cable, unless the contrary

Ancient.
borne with a
by the
is
specified.
stern of a ship.
the terminations of a cross are
turned back, and resemble those of an anchor.
GLOSSARY.
Andrew (SL), or T/ie
named after the patron
Thistle.
107
Scottish Order of Knighthood,
saint of Scotland.
See
A six-leaved
Angles. A pair of interlaced angles, or chevronels, placed
Andrew's Cross.
Saltire.
Angenne.
tier-wise,
Anime.
flower.
Having issuing from the mouth and

Enwrapped, or boived embowed
that
bent like
is,
S.
No.
Annulet.
fifth
ears.
fire
Atinodated.
the letter
sal-
and terminating with an annulet.
From
No.
21
annultcs,
ring.
212.
mark of
difference of the
son (No. 212).
Anmilettee, or Annuletty.
Having an annulet
at each extremity,
or ringed at the ends.
Annulets Conjoined.
Two
or
more annulets
interlacing each
other (No. 211).

Afinunciatio?i.Aii
Duke of Savoy
Antelope.
Order of Knighthood
instituted
by the
in 1360.
This animal
sometimes conventionally.
is
sometimes represented naturally and
Some writers
describe the latter as the
" heraldic antelope."
A Htique, or Eastern Crown. This crown is sometimes

" radiated crown."
(No. 358 page 272.)
called the
HERALDRY.
io8
Emblems have been assigned to the Apostles.

Peter a gold and silver key ; to St. Paul a sword and
Apostles.
St.
The arms
&c., &c.
saltier, arg.,
of the See of
pommels
or.
Two
London
are gu.^ two swords in
keys are borne as charges in the
arms of the Sees of Peterborough, York, Gloucester and

Exeter,
Ripon and
St.
To
book,
Bristol,
Asaph, and also in several of the Irish and
Colonial Sees.
Apple.
The
heraldic apple
Appalmed, or Appau?nee.
right,
always represented with a

:
the
of Ulster, the
ensign of the order and rank of baronets,
blazoned upon a small shield
and appaumee,
arg.,
sinister
stalk.
hand placed up-
The Badge
and the palm presented to view.
distinctive
wrist
is
Open-handed
is
thus
handy coiiped at the
gii.
The highest order the English Church.

Archduke. A
taken by the sons of the Emperor of Austria.
Archbishop.
in
title
Arched.
Said of an ordinary when the lines are curved.
(No.
155. page 56.)
Arches, in Heraldry, are
drawn with
Argent, usually abbreviated ar.

or carving,
Ar?n.
its
it is
and supports.
silver.
represented by white or a plain
In engraving
surflice.
Often appears as a charge, but more generally as a crest:
position
must be
whether armed or
Armed.
blazon,
pillars
The metal
carefully given,
whether
erect
or anboiued, and
vested.
Having the natural weapons of defence.
when
the teeth, tusks,
In heraldic
or horns of the bull, unicorn,
ram, &c., or the talons of a bird of prey, are represented of a

different tincture
said to be
from the animal or bird, such animal or bird
armed of such a colour or metal.
birds of prey, are said to be beaked
armed.
is
Birds, other than
and membcred instead of
GLOSSARY.
Armes
Parlantes.
Such armorial
under the definition of a
fall
abound
Arfning Buckles.
Doublet.
Armourer.
Armoury.
Allusive or Canting
Arms
word
A lozenge-shaped buckle.
A surcoat.
An ancient armour-smith.
branch of Heraldry.
The modern meaning
of
a storehouse for arms.
is
The
Ar7nortal Bearltigs.
all
devices and compositions as
rebus.
in early Heraldry.
Arming
the
109
devices painted on a shield, and on
the accompaniments of the shield.
Anns
of Adoption, Alliance^ Assumption, Augmentation, Com-
munity, Concession, Do7ninio7i,
Office,
Patronage, Pretettsion, Succes-
Schools, Colleges, Abbeys, Monastc7-ies, Sees, a7id Societies.
sion,
These are given

Arrache.
in
another part of this work.
Forcibly
The term
severed.
erased
is
now more
generally used.
Arraswise or Arrasways.
In
perspective, with
one angle next
the spectator
Habited.
The of a mediaeval
Arrih'e. Backwards; showing the back.
Arrayed.
Arrayer.
Arro7idie.
Arrow.
Curved or rounded.
Arrows are represented with the spear downwards, and
are blazoned barbed or

consists of three,
two
be
military officer.
title
in saltire.
and
When
armed and
is
feathered.
A bundle
of arrows
usually termed a sheaf, one in pale
there are
more than
three, the
and
number must
specified.
Arrow pheoned.
An arrow with a pheon
spear.
Asc7idant.
Rising.
in place of the barb or
HERALDRY.
HO
Ash Keys or Ashen
Keys.
The seeds of the
ash- tree represented
naturally.
Aspect.
Full-faced or at
A spedant,
Aspersed.
Ass.
gaze.
Aspecting, or Respectant.
Face to
face.
Strewed or scattered.
A charge
borne by several families whose names begin
with "As."
Assis.
Sitting.
In English Heraldry sejant
is
more generally
used.
Rising from the

Arms of a captive assumed by
a beast of the chase standing
At Bay. A term applied
Assiirgent.
sea.
Assumptive Anns.
his victor.
to
in
an attitude of defence.
At
Gaze.
Attire.
Full-faced
Habit or
applied to an animal of the chase.
This term
dress.
is
also applied to the horn
of a stag.
Attired or horned.
Applies to animals having ornamental wea-
pons of defence, such as the deer, as armed applies to the
^The horns of a
Aulned. Bearded applied
the
Aure. Guttee
or drops of
Auriflamme. An ancient banner.
Augmentation. An honourable
bull,
&c.
stag affixed to the scalp.
Attires.
to
ears of barley.
gold.
d'or^
addition, either quartered with
the family arms or borne on an escutcheon.
Avellane Cross.
A cross having the extremities
Aversant or dorsed.
Aviz.
Showing the back
like
filbert.
part.
A Portuguese Order of Knighthood.
Aylets. Sea-swallows
or Cornish choughs, with legs
gules.
Ayrant,
Applied to birds
in their nests.
and beaks
GLOSSARY,
Az. or Azure.
The
II
tincture blue, represented in Heraldry
by
horizontal lines.
Bachelor.
A term used to indicate esquires
ensign in the
Badge.
in the probationary
Knights who had not, as
stage of knighthood.
yet, raised their
field.
A device
signification of its
distinct
own.
from a shield or
badge
crest,
and having a
not charged or placed upon a
is
shield.
Bag of Madder
or Bale Corded.
A bale
and Hare playing Bagpipes.
Bagpipes,
of goods.
Sometimes
used in
Heraldry.
Bagivyn.
A fabulous heraldic
Baillon'e,
A rampant lion, having a baton in
Baldrick.
The
symbol.
Bale-fire.
band or
girdle
beast.
its
mouth.
worn as a military and heraldic
Queen
blue sash worn by the
is
called a Baldrick.
See Beacon.
Balista, or Ballistra (Gr., ballein^ to throw).
Sometimes called
sweep or swepe: an ancient engine of warfare used for throwing

stones, always
Ball.
shown
as charged with a stone.
A spherical roundel.
presented
flat,
Ball offire,
Roundels, when of metal, are
Fire-ball, or
from the upper
Ballfiredproper.
sheaf
is
A ball with
fire
issuing
part.
A with four
placed
A
Surrounded
Banded.
by a riband.
Ball
Tasselled.
Bande.
re-
but when of colour, spherical.
tassels radiating, like a cross.
ball
staff
in bend.
of a different tincture,
The streamer
Bandrick. A sword-belt.
Banderole.
Banner. K piece of
it is
When
the band of a wheat-
blazoned banded.
tied to a crozier, or pastoral
staff.
cloth or silk of a square shape, attached
HERALDRY.
12
to a pole or
was the
The pennon of the

Some banners, such
of military chiefs.
knight was pointed at the ends.
oriflamme of
simple
as the
Denis, displayed no heraldic charge, and were
St.
known simply by
Banners are represented with
their colour.
fringes of the principal metal
Banneret,
The banner
device.
Knight Banneret, and of the
distinctive ensign of the
orders
highest
and bearing an heraldic
staff,
A knight who
and colour of arms.
for
some brave deed was
bear a banner instead of a pennon.
The
entitled to
elevation of a knight to
a Knight Banneret was accompanied by the act of cutting or
One "John Smith" was
removing the points of the pennon.

last
Knight Banneret made on the
Baphomet.
among
An
field
of battle, tempo
the
Charles
I.
heraldic fabulous figure in use as a symbol
the Templars, having two heads, male and female, the rest
of the body female.
Bar,
An honourable ordinary, containing

This
field.
unlike the fesse in that
is
The
part of the field.
which
is
one-half,
Bar-gemelle.
bar has also
its
it
diminutives in the Closset,
and the Barrulety which
Two
parallel bars.
one-fifth part of the
can be placed in any
is
one-fourth of the bar.
Any number
may be used on a shield.

The five outside petals of the
of bars not ex-
ceeding four
Barbs.
Barbed or Bearded.
Having
barbs.
heraldic rose.
This also
refers
to the
point of a weapon.
Barbed and
gills
Crested.
of a cock.
A term used when blazoning the comb and
See Combed and Wattled.
Barbed Arrows.
Arrows having barbed points.
The of name.
Barded. A term describing a charger caparisoned.
Barnacle. A water-fowl with a broad
Barbel.
fish
this
bill.
GLOSSARY.
Barnacles or Breys.
No.
Baron.
The lowest rank in the
in the United
is
in
214.
British peerage.
the lowest degree of hereditary honour
or husband
is
and
a term used to express the dexter and

wife's, side
Barmlet. A diminutive of
of the shield.
the bar, being equal to one-fourth
(No. 6t, page 21).
Barrtille or Barruly.
Barry of ten or more pieces divided
a number of equal partitions of alternate

Barry-Bendy.
horizontally
page
used
closed or ex-
Kingdom.
Baron and Femvie
it
may be borne
No.
213.
Baronet. k. title which
of
of horse-curb
(Nos. 213 and 2x4).
tended.
sinister,
description
This charge
breaking the animal.
113
Divided
by
lines into
into
tinctures.
an even number of
and diagonally, alternating the
tinctures
parts,
(No. 130,
48).
Barry
Indented^ or
bars are indented.
Barry-Bendy dexter and

This
may
sinister.
When the
best be explained by a
field
of
triangles of alternate tinctures.
Barry-Pily.
When the
shield
is
covered with piles placed bar-
wise (No. 139, page 50).
Two
Barry- Wazy.
Bar-shot.
Similar to barry^ but with undulated lines.

balls
connected by a bar of iron.
HERALDRY,
114
Bar-wise or bar-ways.
Base.
dle,
The
and
Placed horizontally on the
lower part of the shield.
When any
sinister base.
the shield,
Basilisk.
it is
said to be
One
is
imaginary animals like the
heraldic
wyvern, having a dragon's head at the end of the

Basinet or Basnet
Basket
This
over the top.
"The
tail.
plain helmet.
generally represented of wicker, with a handle
is
See also Winnowing Basket, Van, Ban, or
Bastard Bar.
coat.
a dexter, mid-
figure is placed in the base of
base.
///
of the
There
shield.
A mark of
Shriittle.
illegitimacy placed over the paternal
half of the scarp with the English
sinister; by the French, Baston
sinister.
is
called a Batton
never carried
It is
in
arms but as a mark of illegitimation, commonly called the Bastard

barr."
Nisbet.
See Baton.
An Order of Knighthood.
Bat The bat
Heraldry
always
Bath.
in
may signifie men

Morgan.
batt
is
borne displayed.
of quick and secret execution."
Baton, Batton, Baston, or Battoon.
a mark of illegitimacy
it is
staff
*'The
Sylvanus
borne generally as
one-fourth of the
bend
sinister,
but
does not reach to the extremities of the shield (No. 57, page 21).
Battering-ram.
An ancient engine of warfare used in a siege,
represented as a
wooden beam hooped with two
which are hooks, and having an iron ram's head

Battleaxe.
A short
staff
rings of iron,
at
on
one end.
having on one side of the upper end a
broad blade, and on the other a spear.

Battled or Embattled.
Having
battlements or a border like
battlements.
Battled Embattled. Hasmg one battlement surmounting another.
GLOSSARY.
Batline.
See Baton.
Beacon^ Cresset^ or Fire-Beacon.

issuing therefrom, raised
on a
An iron basket, having flames
pole, against
which
is
represented a
Another kind of fire-beacon sometimes used
ladder.
is
115
not unlike a square cattle-crib or iron box on four

Beaked.
Said
of birds, other than those of prey, when the
beak
tincture of the
in Heraldry,
legs.
differs
from that of the body.
The
horn or
of a
or buck.
Beams. See Rays.
name, usually blazoned /^j^/.
Bear. The animal of
Beard. The barb of an arrow.
Arrows are generally blazoned
Bearded. Barbed.
Bearers. Supporters. Figures placed as
the
of holding
Beam.
principal
hart
attire
this
barbed.
if
up or guarding the
Bearifig.
arms
is
Beaver.
this
his beaver on."
The place where an animal
The
name.
shutter of a helmet.
Visor.
saw young Harry with
*'I
coat of
bearing.
The amphibious animal of

The movable
Beddeth.
The complete
See Adorned.
Beaver or
Bee.
shield.
charge borne on a shield.
also called
Beautified.
act
in
emblem of
industry.
Shakspeare.
is lodged.
This insect
is
in
Heraldry
generally represented volant.

Bee-hive beset with
bees.
The ordinary rush hive surrounded
by
bees volant.
Bell.
bell
The
used as charges in Heraldry are the church
bells
and the hawk's
Belled.
Having
Bellows^
when borne
the tube or nozzle
See Church Bell and
bell.
HawUs
Bell.
bells attached or tied to the legs.
///
in a shield, are represented in pale, with
base.
HERALDRY.
i6
Belt.
leathern strap with a buckle at one end, generally
blazoned inpale^ buckle in
chief.
An honourable ordinary (No.

Bend
A bend reversed;
Bend.
51,
that
sinister.
is,
page
21).
from
sinister chief to
dexter base.
Bend-wise or In bend.
Placed
in the position of a bend.
Bendlet.A diminutive of the bend, and one-half
width
its
(No. 52, page 21).
Divided
Bendy.
bend-wise into an even
number
of parts (No.
129, page 48).
Betw.
An abbreviation of between.
Represented, English
Bezant or Besant.
piece of gold.
in
It derives its
rame from a
Heraldry, as a
flat
coin of Byzantium (No.
83, page 34).
Bezante.
Bezants
five, four, three,
Bezantlier.
two,
scattered over a
field,
generally in rows of
and one.
The second branch of a buck's horn.

Double-headed.
Bicapited or Bicapitated.
Bicorporated.
Double-bodied.
A woodman's
Bill or Billhead.
Billets.
Brick-shaped
Billetc or Billety.
Biparted,
Cut
tool.
charges of any tincture (No. 79, page
Billets scattered over the field.
in the
'
form of an indent, and showing two pro-
jecting pieces.
Bird-Bolt.
Bishop.
The
short, thick, blunt-headed arrow.

title
of the highest order of clergy of the An-
glican branch of the Catholic Church.
The
bishops in number
are twenty-eight for England, including those of Canterbury
York, four for Wales, and one for Sodor and Man.
and
GLOSSARY.
Bitt or Bit.
The
snaffle-bit
17
and manage-bit often occur
in
Heraldry.
Black.
In Heraldry termed
A Prussian Order
sable.
Black Eagle {Order
Rod
Black
of).
{Usher of
z'//^). Chief
for nobles only.
gentleman Usher to the
Sovereign, and an officer of the Order of the Garter.
Bladed.
A term used when the stem or
stalk
is
of a different
tincture from the fruit or ear.
Blanche-Lyon.
pursuivant to the
Dukes of Norfolk
in
mediaeval times.
Blazing Star.
An
estoile
with an illuminated
The
correct technical description and
tail,
always
represented in bend.
Blazon or Blazonry.
representation of armorial bearings.
Blue.
Termed azure
Blue
Matitle.
Bluebottle,
The
in Heraldry.
title
A flower
of an English pursuivant-at-arms.
like a thistle.
Always represented as the wild boar.

Boar's Head. Represented
This
Boar.
in profile.
cognizance of the
Gordons and
is
the well-known
other old families.
sign of a tavern in Eastcheap immortalized
It
piercing a
Tun or Bolt-in-Tun. A
Springing forward.
Bonnet. The velvet cap of the coronet.
Book. Sometimes borne open and sometimes
A charge the arms of the
Book with
Bolt a?id
was the
by Shakspeare.
tun.
bird-bolt
Boltant.
closed.
Sei'en Seals.
in
Oxford
University.
Bordure or Border.
distinguish
bearer
is
One
of the ordinaries originally used to
one part of a family from another, or to show
a cadet of the house whose arms he carries.
that the
The border
HERALDRY.
ii8
is
of an equal breadth, and takes up a

of the border next
impaling,
the
omitted.
Although the border was used as a
side
of the
fifth
the
In
field.
divisional
difference^
line
it is
is
now
generally used as a charge.

Bottle.
Generally
represented of leather,
but sometimes of
and a cord attached, twisted
glass with a long neck,
into an
ornamental knot.
Botto7iy or Bottonee.
A term applied
to a cross having
its
ex-
tremities ending in trefoils, or buds.
Bottonee Fitchee.
The
same
as the preceding, but with the
lower extremity pointed.

Botiget or
Water-Budget or Bucket.
in
See Water-Bouget.
ancient manuscripts.
Bourchia- K7iot.
Variously represented
The badge of the Bourchier
family,
and used
to decorate the mantling.
Bourdon.
A palmer's
staff.
Boived, Fleeted^ or Reflected.
Curved
in the case of
an arm,
bent at the elbow.
Bowed^ Embowed.
Said
of a serpent
head coming up through the

BaivetHs Knot.
when
coiled up,
and
its
folds.
knot formed of four bows.
(See chapter on
Knots, page 313.)

Brazed. Interlaced or
Branches.
These are generally
Brcued or
leaves, but
when fructed only
Brands or
ragiily^
Fire-brands.
with flame in
Brassarts. Pieces
fretted.
represented as having nine
four.
Are
generally
represented in pale^
chief.
of plate armour, which protected the upper
part of the arms.

Brasses. Sepulchral engraved brass plates.
GLOSSARY.
Brettessee,
Counter-embattled,
119
having battlements 'facing one
^^"^
another.
Breys or Barnacles,
Bridges.
Are
See
latter.
frequently borne in arms,
and generally with an
embattled top, and with three or more arches through which

water
is
represented flowing.
The number
of arches must always be specified; and
divisional lines of the stones are represented,
masoned^ and the water
traiisfltient.
The ancient
this is
if
the
blazoned
seal of the Bridge-
wardens of Rochester Bridge represents the Holy Trinity seated
on a bridge of
five arches.
Bristled. ô\d of a boar when the hair on the back of the neck
is
of a different tincture from the body.
Brisure or Brizure.
Broad Arraiu.
This charge
plain.
and
is
placed on
all
A mark of cadency.
pheon, but having the inside of the barbs
used as an exclusive Government mark,
is
naval stores.
not unlike a
An embroiderer's
and open
pointed
Brogue. A high shoe, with a
fork.
tool,
Broche.
toe,
Broken. '^dXdi of a charge when

Brow-A?itler.
Bucket. K
handle.
The
pail,
first
at the side.
splintered or shattered.
branch of a buck's
standing on three
legs,
attire.
and having a cord
See also Water-Bouget.
Buckler, in old armour, was a kind of shield
worn on the
left
arm.
^/^^^'/^.This bearing
may be
Bugle-horn or Hunting-horn.
that
is,
of any shape.
GtnexBWy
having a band round the horn;
strings.
Bullets. ^QQ
Pellets.
blazoned garnished;
and sometimes with
HERALDRY.
20
Bundle of
tied
Sticks,
Generally represented
as six sticks in pale^
round the middle with a cord.
A helmet of the sixteenth century.

A weaver's instrument.
Buttoned, Said of buckles when garnished or
Are generally blazoned
The arms
Burgond.
Burling-iron.
studded.
volant.
Butterflies.
CHAMP
of
Mus-
are az.^ three butterflies volant^ or.
A twisted rope.
Said of an ordinary or charge formed of a
Caboched, Caboshed, or
or
Cable.
Cabled.
Cabossed.
the
head of the animal
neck
is
concealed.
Cabre.
Erect,
which
is
Affronte,
full-faced.
When
placed looking at the spectator, and the
Trunked
is
another term for caboshed.
salient.
That
heraldic distinction of the several
members of
family, or of the collateral branches of the
same house,
Cadency.
the same
is
cable.
indicated by
some
special device.
A younger son or branch of a

Caduceus or Mercury's Mace. A wand
family.
Cadet.
annodated or enwrapped about
it.
having two serpents
The Caduceus was
carried
ambassadors and heralds, from the circumstance probably that
by
it
formed one of the attributes of the messenger of the gods.

CaltrapSy Caltrops^ Cheval-traps, or Galtraps.
iron,
Instruments
of
having sharp points projecting, to wound horses' feet (Nos.
215 and 216).
No.
215.
No.
216.
GLOSSARY.
121
A Spanish Order of Knighthood.

A cross having three steps or
Calatrava.
Calvary or Cross Calvary.

Camel.
Usually depicted passant

Ancient heralds described
Cajjiel-leopard.
this as half
grieses.
camel and
half leopard.
Cameleopardel.
A fabulous heraldic beast
like the camel-leopard
with two straight horns.
Bells suspended to charges.

A charge in the arms of the Founders' Company.
Cafjipanes.
Candlestick.
Cannets.
Ducks without
feet or beaks- these are generally de-
picted in profile.
Always borne mounted, unless otherwise expressed.

dignitary
An
Canting Arms. Armorial devices and compositions which
Can?ton.
Canon.
ecclesiastical
fall
under the definition of a
redns.
Allusive or canting arms
abound
in early Heraldry.
Canton.
call this
in size
is
Canton
canton
One
of
the honourable ordinaries.
ordinary Angulus.
Ancient writers
occupies a corner of the shield, and
It
a third of the chief (No. 67, page 29).

Sinister.
may
Catitoned.
also
A canton on
be borne
the sinister side of shield.
in the base of the shield.
Placed between four objects or charges;
single charge
is
placed in the
first
or
when a
quarter of the shield.
Borne with a
other than a crown or coronet.
A bearing of
Said of a knight armed head
Cap of Maintenance, Duciper, or Chapeau. An ancient
Cantonnee.
Cap.
cross.
dignity,
to foot.
Cap-a-pie.
bearing,
made
of crimson velvet and ermine, and generally belonging to the
achievement of a duke.
It
sometimes take? the place of a wreath
above the helmet (No. 359, page 273).
HERALDRY.
122
A Prince of the Roman Church.

CardinaPs Hat. A red broad-brimmed
Cardinal.
hat, with long
each
tassels at
Caparisoned.
Capital.
hanging
side.
Accoutred or armed
The upper
Carbuncle or Escarbunde.
supposed to have had
gem.
Represented in Heraldry
from a central annulet.
as eight sceptres issuing
across a shield to give
for the field.
part of a pillar.
its
This charge
origin in the ornamental
is
bands placed
strength.
it
A helmet.
Represented
Casque.
Castle.
castle
blazoned
and gate between two towers.
as a wall
four towers
tvith
is
represented in perspective
as a quadrangle with a tower at each corner.
Castles with four towers are sometimes blazoned two taivers in
pale
and two
These are
in fesse.
but one angle
is
one side of the square

ally
also represented in perspective,
placed next the spectator, whereas in the former

is
in the foreground.
granted as charges to knights or others
struction of
them; but
Castles were origin-
who aided
in later times a castle has
in the de-
been granted to
a doctor ofphysic I
Cat.
Sometimes used as a supporter.

A wild borne a charge, and always
Cat-a-Moimtain.
cat
as
repre-
sented guardant, or full-faced.

Catherine Wheel.
A wheel having eight spokes or arms, and
at
the end of each a curved spike.
CB. Companion of the Bath.

Celestial Crown. An antique or
on the point of each
Centaur.
half horse.
Eastern crown,
havmg a mullet
ray.
One of the
fabulous heraldic charges, half
man and
GLOSSARY.
Cercellee or Recercellee.
Cerise or Set use.

Chafatit.
Chamed.
Curling at the extremities.
torteau.
Said of an enraged boar.

Having a chain attached
Chain-shot.
kxi
123
to the collar.
iron spiked shot, with a chain attached at
each end.
Chalice.
The sacramental cup.
A small piece of ordinance without a

An
of the Royal household.
Chamberlain, Lord
An hereditary
of
Chamber-piece.
carriage.
Chamberlain^ Lord.
officer
Gi'eat.
great an-
officer
tiquity.
See Cap of Maintenance.

Chape or Crampit. The metal end of a scabbard.
Chapeau.
Chaperonne or Chaperoti.
A small ornamental
shield placed on
the heads of horses at funerals.
Chaplct or Garland.
roses
is
composed of
A wreath of oak or
laurel.
leaves with four roses, two in pale
chaplet of
and two
in
fesse.
Any simple heraldic

represented
a coat of arms.
A
banner, &c. bearing any charge upon
and
Charlemagne's Crown. A charge
the
of George
Charge.
figure
Charged.
in
shield,
it.
in
shield
I.
succeeding kings.
The uppermost garment worn by

a semicircle struck from the
A section
Chasuble.
Chausse.
priests.
in base; that
is,
fesse point or centre of the shield.
Chaussee.
Wearing shoes.
Cheeky, Cheeche, Chequee, or Cheqiiy.
Checkers or Chequers.
Chequy.
field
tures (No. 134,
See
See
latter.
Cheqiiy.
covered with small squares of alternate
page
48).
tinc-
HERALDRY,
124
Chenih.
A winged head.
One
Chess Rook or Cocke.

chess.
A kind
No.
'
of the pieces used in the
game
of
of tower or castle (Nos. 217 and 218).
No.
217.
218.
Cheval-tmp, Caltrap, or Galfrap.^tQ Caltrap.

Chevron.
One
of the ordinaries.
See chapter on " Honour-
able Ordinaries."
Divided
the manner of a chevron.
When the point of the chevron the base
of the
Chev7'on Couped. ^When the ends of
ordinary do not reach
CheiTon, Per.
after
Chevroji Reversed.
is
in
field
this
to the outside of the shield (No. 167,
Chevron Braced.
When
page
56).
two or more chevrons are interlaced
(No. 165, page 56).

Chevrojiel or Chevero7iel.
diminutive of the chevron, con-
taining one-half of the chevron (No. 65, page 21).
Chevronny.
When the
shield
is
divided by a
number of lines
in
the form of chevrons.
Chcvronways or Chevronwise.
Charges placed
in the position of
a chevron.
Chief.
The upper part
ordinaries,
with
and
a bearing
in blazon
One
of a shield.
is
mentioned
(No. 47, page 21).
last,
of the honourable
unless
chief
it
be charged
may be
invected,
GLOSSARY.
wavy, &c. &c.
eiigrailedy
shield
may be any
Chizzel.
Christ,
Church.
that
125
the line dividing
is,
it
from the
of these.
carpenter's chisel.
A Portuguese Order of Knighthood.

Churches and parts of churches are borne both
Order
of.
as
charges and crests.
Church Bells are represented

tion
and under part of the
in perspective,
bell
and
The
the bell a shank or staple.
clapper,
families of
showing the eleva-
and on the top of
Bell and Porter
bear church bells (No. 449, page 371).

Chivalry.
The system of knighthood.

represented
A five-leaved
grass,
Cinquefoil.
When
issuing from a central ball.

is
the ball
is
by
five
leaves
pierced, this charge
blazoned a cinquefoil pierced (No. 388, page 295).

Citadel with two towers.
This
in that the wall or port
towers,
differs
is
from a castle with two
represented in front of the
towers and not between them.

Civic Croum.
Clam.
A garland of oak-leaves and acorns.
See Escallop.
Clarencieux King-ofArms.
arms
in
England.
His
One of the two provincial
jurisdiction extends to all
kings-of-
England south
of the Trent.
Clarion.
A musical
219 to 222).
No.
219.
The
instrument, sometimes called a rest (Nos.
illustrations are
No.
220,
from early examples.
No.
221.
No.
222.
HERALDRY.
26
See ancient representations of the

Having a
with a
attached.
Small bars attached the ribbons of medals
Claricord.
clarion.
Clariiie.
Clasps.
some
collar
bell
to
to denote
particular action.
Cleche.
Pierced so
that only the rim or outer edge remains.
Clenched or Clinched.
Closed.
Said of a hand
when
it
is
closed.
Clock.
charge used
the arms
in
of
the
Clockmakers'
Company.
Close.
When
the wings of an eagle, kite, or falcon, &c., are
close to the body.

also to a helmet
Close girt.
Closet.
This term
when
applied to horse-barnacles, and
is
the vizor
is
Said of a habited
down.
figure tied with a girdle.
A diminutive of the and one-half width.

charges
the arms of the Founders'
Smith's
bar,
tools
Closing-tongs.
its
in
Company.
Clouee.
Studded or fastened with
Cloves.
The
Grocers'
Company.
C7^. Sometimes represented

Club Spiked.
C J/.
nails.
spice of this name, borne in the arms of the
6^.
in the
hands of a savage.
The same, having spikes issuing from
Companion
of the
it.
Order of St. Michael
and
St.
George.
Said of a goat standing on

A bearing the Coachmakers' arms
Coat of Arms. A coat bearing armorial
Clymant.
its
Coach.
hind-legs.
in
insignia,
armour by mediaeval
understood,
Cobtveb
is
warriors.
The "Coat
worn over the
of Arms," as
now
a complete and distinctive heraldic composition.
and Spider. In
the centre of the web.
this
charge the spider
is
represented in
GLOSSARY.
Cock or Dung/iill Cock.
The
127
of this name,
bird
An
blazoned combed, wattled, and spurred.
image of
generally placed on the summit of churches, either as an
and watchfulness, or
vigilance
Cockade,
Originally
generally
this bird
was
emblem
of
as a warning against St. Peter's sin.
a party badge worn on the hat of the
During the wars between the Houses of York and
adherents.
Lancaster, the followers were distinguished by a white or red rose
worn
in the cap.
cockade
The
meaning of the modern black
origin or
not easy to arrive
it is
at,
and
it
are entitled to assume the distinction.
the plain rose cockade to naval officers,
by a fan
to military officers.
To
certainly
is
not clear
Custom seems
who
to assign
and the same surmounted
civil servants,
the former, with
the addition of a coloured centre.

Cockatrice.
An
imaginary fabulous charge, half fowl and half
reptile, similar to the
cockatrice
is
wyvern, but combed, &c., like the cock.
sometimes blazoned wings displayed^ and
The
at others
ivings imiorsed.
Cocquel.
See Escallop.
Cognizance.
Coif of
Collar.
See Badge.
Mail. A
An
defensive hood,
worn under the
ornament indicative of rank,
office,
great helm.
and
position.
we now generally
They were
Knighthood.
of
insignia of some Order
Originally collars were decorations of honour, but
regard them as
sometimes composed of the family badge of the wearer.

Collared. \yQ3.xmg a collar on the neck. When a coronet or
crown
is
worn on the neck,
it is
blazoned gorged.
College of Arms.i:\i\^ consists of three kings-of-arms,
six heralds,
and of four pursuivants.

Colour.
There
black, green,
are five colours in Heraldry, viz.: blue, red,
and purple, blazoned
az., gu., sa.y vert.,
purp.
HERALDRY,
128
Columbine.
The flower of
name, represented hanging from
this
a stem with two leaves.

CV/ww;/.
Generally
represented of the Doric order.
Combatant or Confronte.
See
Comet. A
Combel,
Facing each
other, rampant, fighting.
Fillet.
star of six points, with
Companions of the Bath.
fiery
tail.
Members of the "
See Blazing Star.

third class " of the
Order.
See
The
Compartment.
Compasses.
Complemefit.
Partition.
carpenter's instrument of this name.
Said
of the
moon when
represented as a
full
moon.
Compony^ Compone, or Gobony.
A term applied
other ordinary divided into alternate tinctures.

is
when
to a border or
Connter-Compony
the border has two lines of division (No. 141, page 51).
A decayed military Order of Spain.

A rabbit: borne by the Coningsby
Confronte. See Combatant.
Conger Eel's Head. This charge
always placed in
Compostella.
Coney.
family.
is
pale, with
head in chief
Conjoitied, Abotite, or Incorporated.
Connected,
or linked to-
gether.
Two wings joined, with

In mediaeval times a military
Conjoined-in-lure.
Constable.
their tips
downwards.
officer of the highest
rank.
Contoise.
A flowing scarf attached to a helm.

See Counter-passant.
Reversed on the
Contourne.
field.
A small black water-fowl, with a sharp-pointed beak.

vestment, worn during mass and
Cope. An
Coote.
ecclesiastical
coronations.
at
GLOSSARY.
A kind of
See Raven.
Corded. Formed
Cormorant. A bird
A small
Copper.
129
upon which wire
reel
is
wound.
Corbie.
like a cable or
The
bound with a
a
cable.
sliarp bill.
crest of the ancient family of
Hyde
on a wreath argent and gules, a lance or horseman's staffe
silver,
Cornet.
i?,^^
rope
like a goose, with
flag.
7oith afiagge
or cornett gules, fringed argent."
Cornish Chough.
in its
in the
beaks and legs
arms of Cornish-
gides.
Represented
with corn and
The ensign of princely and noble rank, corresponding
Cornucopia.
Coronet.
common
bearing
families, represented sable, with
filled
own degree
with the
fruit.
Crown of a Sovereign Regnant.
The
Coronets of the Peers of England are worn by them on the occa-
They
sion of the coronation of their Sovereign.

paratively
modern
times, have
in
all,
crimson velvet, lined with ermine, and surmounted by a

rich gold bullion.
in general use
by the nobles of England
characteristics until a period
Cotoye.
much
in the reign of
(or,
Edward III.,
indeed, any) distinctive
nearer to our
A diminutive of the bend.
own
See
times.
Cotise.
Cotised.
Cotise or Cottise.
singly, the
Cotised.
side,
tassel of
Coronets, as insignia of nobility, were evidently
but they did not assume their present
Cost or Couste.
com-
been made to enclose a cap of
it is
term
diminutive of the bend.
borne
cost is used.
Having
cotises.
blazoned a bend
Cotton Hanks.
When
When
a bend has a cotise on either
cotised.
Generally represented
///
pale.
This charge
borne in the arms of some of the great cotton spinners.

Couchant.
Couche.
Lying on the ground, but with the head
Said of a
shield suspended
by a
lifted up.
belt.
is
HERALDRY.
I30
Coudiere.
elbow
The
joint,
piece of armour that was used to protect the
in the
panoply of the second half of the thirteenth
century (No. 208, page 102).

Coulter.
Part of a
When the
plougli.
Counter-changed.
field is
parted per chevron or other
ordinary, one half of the field being a metal
the tinctures of charges which
fall
and the other a
colour,
upon the metal and colour are
reversed.
No.
No. 223
is
per charon,
the arms of Catling, of

Counter-componee.
or.
223.
and
Needham
Two rows of
az., three lions
counter-changed:
Hall, Co. Cambridge.

squares, having the metal
and
colour alternating.
Counter-embowed.
Bent, with the elbow to the
sinister,
or bent
in reversed directions.
See Ermifies.
Counter-fleury. Said of a tressure fleury or otheF ordinary when
Counter-ermined.
the alternate fleurs-de-lis are reversed.
GLOSSARY.
Counter-passant.
Said of two beasts passing each other
in con-
trary directions.
One of the heraldic

Leaping in different directions.
Coiintcr-trippant or tripping. Applies to deer as Counter-passant
Cotinter-potenf.
//^rj-.
Counfer-salient.
does to the
lion.
Counter-vair.
by having
its
One of the
cups or
little
heraldic furs.
shields of the
It differs
same
from Vair
tinctures placed base
against base.
Countess..
The
title
Couped or Coupee.
and rank of the wife of an
Cut
Earl.
This term
off smoothly.
is
used to
describe the head or any limb cut cleanly from the trunk.
distinct
from
erased^
which
is
ragged by being violently torn
It is
off.
Couped C/^j-^. Said of a head when no part of the neck
is
visible.
Couple-close.
pairs.
a chevron
A diminutive of the chevror, and always borne
chevron between two couple-closes
is
in
generally blazoned
cotised.
Courant.
Running
Crowned.
at full speed.
Couronne.
Courtesy, Titles
of.
Titles of honour rissumed by individuals or
granted to them by the Sovereign, which in law have no validity.
Sons and daughters of Peers have

not by any legal
mulated
is
titles
right.
titles
by popular consent, and
For instance, a Duke may have the accu-
of Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron; one of these
permitted to be taken or assumed by the eldest son.
younger sons of Dukes and Marquesses have the courtesy

Lord, but this
the
title
does not carry with
House of Lords, nor does
it
it
The
title
of
the right to a seat in
raise the bearer
from the rank of
a commoner.
92
HERALDRY,
132
Couste,
See
Covered Cup.
Cotise.
An
circular pedestal
egg-shaped, ornamental, covered cup, with a
and base (No.
No.
Coward
Crab.
No.
224.
Said
225.
of an animal having
its tail
between
and looking back.
its legs,
Cowl.
or Cowed.
224).
See Hood.
The
claws in
shell-fish
of this name, always represented with
its
chief.
Crampit^ Crampette^ or Botterole.
The
point of the scabbard
which prevents the point of the sword from protruding.
See
Chape.
Crampettee.
Ornamented,
as the scabbard of a
sword
at
is
its
extremity.
Cramps.
Irons
used
in
building,
having claws or hooks at
either end.
Crancelin.
blazoned a
coronet extended in baid.
betid treflte vert, or
wreath of me.
'I'his
charge
It is
borne
is
also
in the
arms of Saxony, and Albert Edward, Prince of Wales,

quarters
it
Crenellce.
Crmelles.
in his shield.
See Embattled.
The open spaces or embrasures of an embattled
line.
GLOSSARY.
Crescent.
133
half-moon-shaped charge, with
horns turned
its
upwards (No. 225).
See Beacon.
An adjunct to
Cresset.
Crest.
coronet, or chapeau,
the shield,
ment.
In early times crests were
in size,
but were afterwards
Crest-wreath.
Twisted
crest (No. 393,

Crested.
on a wreath,
represented
and placed above the helmet
made
silk
made
in
an achieve-
of leather, and were large
of metal or wood.
of two tinctures which supports the
page 299).
Said of a cock or other
bird
when of a
different tnic-
ture from the body.
Crined.
Having hair or mane.
The amphibious animal of

A drawing-board. A charge
One of the 'lonourable
Crocodile.
Crose.
Cross.
name.
this
in the Coopers' arms.
ordinaries.
See chapter on the
Cross.
The old English weapon of

A small
Crossways. Placed
the form of a
Crown of Thorns. Two branches of
Crossbow.
Crosslet.
this
name.
cross.
in
cross.
thorns
twisted
Into
garland.
Crown of Rue^ in bend.

Prince Consort.
Part
of the armorial bearings of the
late
Crowns.
See Antique Croian,
Celestial
Crown, Crown Vallary.
Mural Cro2vn, Naval Croze n, Royal Croian, Croian of Rue.

Crown Vallary. A golden circle surmounted by small
pali-
sades.
Crozier.
The cross-headed
Crusilly.
Covered
staff of
an Archbishop.
or strewed with cross crosslets, as in the
arms of Trumpington.
HERALDRY.
134
Cubit Arm.
An arm couped
at the elbo\^, dexter, unless other-
wise blazoned.
When a
Cuffed.
the sleeve,
it is
Cuirass.
cuff
said to
blazoned of a different tincture from
is
be
cuffed.
breastplate;
originally
a jerkin or musket-proof
leather garment.
Cup.
See
See also Covered Cup.
Chalice.
Currier's Shave.
flexible
blade between two handles, used
for paring leather.
Cushion.
angle
it is
Cutlas.
Generally borne
blazoned
The weapon so
A blade
Cutting Iron.
one end and a hook

Cygjiet Royal.
chain
Dagger.
mental
gorged with a ducal coronet, having a
worn on the
back.
called a " Misericorde,"
and
in
monu-
right side.
A canopy over a throne or knight's
The perennial
fidelity in love,
its
cord entwined about an escallop-
staff.
DaiSy Bois, or Dez.
Daisy.
called.
and reflexed over
A short sword,
effigies
with a tassel at each
at the other.
afliixed thereto,
and a ragged
When
attached to a bar, having a handle at
A swan
Dacre Knot and Badge.

shell
lozengy.
tasselled.
flower of this name, and the
stall.
emblem
of
generally represented with a stalk and two leaves.
In the days of chivalry
it
was frequently borne by knights and
ladies at tournaments.
Dalmatic.
A robe of
state
worn by Sovereign Princes, and by
Bishops in the middle ages, under the chasuble.
It is tlie distinctive
vestment of a deacon.
Dame.
The
legal designation of the wife of a Baronet.
Dancctte or Danse.
Sometimes used by early heralds to denote
GLOSSARY.
a /esse dancette.
It
135
occurs in this acceptation in the
roll
of
Caerlaverock.
Dancette.
Deeply
Danebrog.
When
indented.
dancette^ the indentations
The second of the Danish

Similar the broad
Danish Axe.
the division
is
per fesse
never exceed three in number.

orders, instituted in 1219.
axe, but with
to
an indent
in
the upper edge of the blade.
Dauphin,
Formerly the
title
of the eldest son of the French
Kings, but abolished in 1830.

Daiiphiiis
fleurs-de-lis^
Crown.
Death's Head.
Death's
of gold
circle
surrounded by eight
surmounted with four dolphins.

perspective.
represented
A human
Cup. The same as the preceding,
in
skull
Head in a
resting
on
a chalice.
Dean.
The governor of the canons
churches.
in cathedral
and
collegiate
There are other Deans, such as Dean of Arches, Dean
of Faculty, &c., &c.

Debruised.
Said of an ordinary
placed upon a charge or upon
another ordinary.
Having the head cut

See Dismembered.
Decapitated or Decollated.
Dechausse.
Decked.
feathers
Adorned.
off.
This term also applies to birds having their
trimmed and edged of another
tincture.
See Decapitated.
Parted or severed.
Decours. See Decrescent.
Decollated.
Decouple or Uncoupled.
Decrement.
See Decrescent.
Decrescent or Decressant.
Said
of the
moon
in its
horns are turned to the sinister side of the shield.
Defamed, Diffame, or Disgraced.
Without a
tail.
wane, whose
HERALDRY.
136
Defences. ThQ natural weapons of beasts, &c. &c.

Defender of the Faith.A title of the Sovereigns of England
since Henry VIII.
Defefidu.
See Armed.
Placed upon
Degraded or Degreed.
Degrees.
Delf.
steps, as a cross calvary.
Steps.
A cube, representing a block of coal or
Demembered.
Demi.
turf.
See Disme?nbered.
The upper or dtxter half
Demi-Monk.
The
crest of the family of
Knight, of Bobbing,
Co. Kent.
Detriment.
Said of the moon when

Displayed
Developed.
eclipsed.
as a flag unfurled.
Heraldic representations.
Dez'ouring or Vorant. Swallowing whole
Dei'ices.
generally applied to
fish.
The right-hand
The right-hand of the base of the
Dexter
The right-hand of chief
Dexter.
side.
Dexter Base.
side
shield.
Chief.
Diadem.
fillet
ornament by Kings
Diademed.
of
until
silk
or wool worn as a distinguishing
superseded by the crown.
A term applied
to the
crowned heads of the Impe-
rial eagle.
Diamond.
precious stone
the ancient blazon of sable or
black.
Diaper.
Is
a system of surface decoration used by heralds to
increase the beauty of a shield
Diaper
is,
therefore, simply
an
ornamental accessory, and not a charge.

Diapered.
pattern.
Ornamented
with
an
arabesque or
geometrical
GLOSSARY.
Dice.
These
in perspective,
are generally borne in pairs,
who
Dilated.
Distinguishing
for the
heraldic compositions,
persons
and are represented
one angle next the spectator.
or Brisures.
Diffej-etices
137
marks introduced into
purpose of identifying different
bear the same arms.
Said of an animate charge when opened or extended.
Dimidiated.
Cut
and one half removed.
in halves
DimimitioJi of Arms.
See
Differefices.
Dimimitives. Divisions of Ordinaries
these are the Barrulet,
the Cost, the Fillet, &c.
Disarmed,
offence
beast without
bird or
its
natural
weapons
ot
and defence.
Disclosed.
Expanded;
ge-
nerally applied to birds other
than those of prey.
See Dis-
played.
Dismembered or Detnembered.
An
animal or bird divided
or cut in pieces without dis-
arrangement of the
Displayed.
panded.
parts.
Spread
or ex-
Applied to birds of
prey with spread wings (No.

226).
Disponed.
Distinctions
rran ged
of Families.
See Marks of Cadency.

Disvelloped.
See
Dei'eloped.
No.
Dividimr Z/V/î-. Dividing

From
and border
lines, in
addition to
the
226.
-Eagle
Monument
st.
Displayed.
of AiJBOT
Aiban's Abbey.
Ramrydge,
HERALDRY.
138
simple right lines and curves, assume various forms
such as wavy,
engrailed, embattled, &c., &c.
Dogs.
See Alant.
The dog
is
emblem
the
generally introduced at the feet of married
with that signification.
effigies
It
and was
of fidelity,
women
in sepulchral
also signifies loyalty to the
Sovereign.
Dog
Collar.
Generally
represented of a horse-shoe shape
the
two extremities nearly meeting, and connected by a chain and

padlock.
Dolphin,
bowed.
The
The
etn-
dolphin most probably was originally used to convey
the idea of sovereignty.

brass to
of this name, generally represented
sea-fish
The example
given (No. 227)
from the
is
Nicholas Aumberdene.
No.
227.
Domed. -Said of a tower having a conical covering.

Dominiofi {Arms of).
Regnant, borne
The
armorial
symbols of supreme authority and power.

custom, held to be
tlie
as of the Sovereign.
dominion from
insignia of a Sovereign
in right of the regal office
all
and rank, and

Such arms are
as the
also,
by
arms of the country and the nation, as well
True Heraldry distinguishes these arms of
other armorial ensigns, and
it
restricts
solutely to the successive occupants of the throne.
arms are not borne without
difference
Thus
them ab-
the Royal
even by the nearest relatives
GLOSSARY,
!39
of the Sovereign, and no person whatever can

arms without some mark of cadency.
Dormant. Ks\Qt^. This

is
from
differs
rightly quarter these
couckatit, in that the
head
lowered.
Dosser,
See
Double
Fitchee.
Water Bouget.
Having two
Having two
Double Queue.
points.
tails,
as in the case of
Having two heads.

The
of a robe
also the ermine
some
heraldic
lions.
Double
Tete.
Doubling.
lining
The
of Peers.
lining of a mantle
on the robes
on an achievement
is
blazoned
the doubling.
Two
one within the
The dove generally represented
Double Tressure.
Dove.
tressures,
an olive-branch
Dovetail.
in
other.
in profile,
is
and holding
its bill.
This
system of counter-wedging.
is
also
one of
the divisional or partition lines.
Dragon.
One of the heraldic fabulous beasts and
the
emblem
of pestilence, represented with wings endorsed, four legs, and a

serpent-like
tapestry.
It
tail.
appears as a military ensign in the Bayeux
dragon without wings
Dragon's Head.
is
called a
One of the ancient
Lindworm.
terms in Heraldry for the
colour tawney.
DragorHs
One
Tail.
of
the ancient
terms
for
the
colour
murrey.
Drawifig Iron.
An oblong instrument used
Ducal
Coronet.
charge very
by wire-drawers.
commonly used in Heraldry
upon the necks of birds and animals, when such

to
be ducally gorged.
of birds,
&:c.,
It also
issuing from
it.
forms part of
birds, &c., are said
many
crests
the heads
HERALDRY,
HO
Duchess.
and
is
"
The
wife of a Duke.
She
styled "
is
Your Grace,"
Most Noble."
See Cap of Maifitenance.

Ducks. See Cannets.
Duke. The highest rank
the Peerage.
Duciper,
in
The
Duke was
first
Edward the Black Prince, created Duke of Cornwall in
A three-pronged
Dunjeoiied or
A
Dmtg-Fork.
Doiijonne.
from
castle
1337.
borne in pale.
having a smaller tower rising
it.
Eagle.
The
king of birds, and ranks highest amongst those
used in Heraldry.
eagle
fork, generally
is
the
The
emblem of
is generally borne displayed.

The
John for this reason eagles of brass
The eagle is also an emblem of regal and
eagle
St.
were fixed on lecterns.
temporal power.
Eaglets.
on a
field,
Eared.
from the
Earl.
there
Small
three eagles
ears differ in tincture
stalks.
The
third degree in
the
number of
Peerage.
Originally
shire for his
earldom;
British
was no Earl but had a county or
from towns,
by
more than
eaglets.
Said of a sheaf of corn when the
afterwards the
is
\Vlien there are
eagles.
they are always blazoned
Earls increasing, they took their
or illustrious families.
villages,
The
title
Earl's coronet
a circle of gold, rising into eight pyramidal points sumiounted

pearls,
and which
Earl Marshal.
alternate with strawberry-leaves.
The
which has jurisdiction
head or chief of the College of Arms,
in all matters relating to descents
grees, decides claims to arms,
Earl Marshal
is
held by the
and grants arms.
Duke
The
of Norfolk, and
hereditary in his family since the time of
Charles
it
II.
of the Earl Marshal quarter the hereditary insignia of
and pedioffice
of
has been
The arms
Howard,
GLOSSA /î\
141
Brotherton, Warren, and Mowbray; and

crossed in
saltire,
are
^ti'O
marshaVs
beliind the shield,
staves or, enamelled at the ends,
sable.
See Antique Croivn.

Said of the sun or moon
Easterfi Crown.
Eclipsed.
Eel.
partially obscured.
fish,
generally blazoned in pale.
The long wicker basket used by fishermen.

Originally represented as a three-pronged arrow-
Eel Basket.
Eel Spear.
pointed fork, but sometimes,
later,
as having five tines barbed
throughout.
Eight
Eightfoil.
leaves issuing from a central ball
sometimes
called a double quatrefoil.
Electoral Croûn or Cap.
A scarlet cap
surmounted by a demi-circle of gold and

Elephant.
castle
on
The animal
its
turned up with ermine,
pearls.
of this name, sometimes borne with a
back.
Said of wings turned upwards.

Embattled or
One of the
Elez'ated.
partition lines,
Battled.
formed
like
:he battlements of a castle.
Embordered.
Embo7ued or
the elbow
is
Having a border.
Fleeted.
Curved
or bent.
sinister
arm bent
at
blazoned e7nbou'ed; but a dexter arm, counter-embowed.
Having drops of blood upon or

In ancient blazon
Emmets or Ants. These are generally borne
Embrued.
falling
E7?ierald.
it
from
it.
signified vert.
in
numbers above
eight.
Emperor.
The highest
Enaluron.
En
title
of sovereignty.
A border charged with eight

Said of an animal, or other charge, borne with
Arriere.
back to the spectator.
eagles.
its
HERALDRY.
142
Endorse.
part of
A diminutive of
the pale,
and containing one-fourth
it.
Eîdorsed.
Between two endorses.
Placed back to back.

Said of the head of an animal pierced with a sword.
Endorsed or Addorsed.
Enfiled.
Englante.
Engoulee.
See
Friccted.
Pierced through the mouth.
Engrailed.
divisional line
Engrossing Block.
Enhanced.
formed of semicircular indents.
An instrument used
by wire-drawers.
Said of a charge placed above
its
usual position.
See Manche.
Ensigned. Adorned.
The arms of Southwark
Ejunanche.
nulet ensigfted with
Ente en Rond.
are az., an an-
cross patee, ^'c.
Similar
to indented, but
formed with curved
instead of straight lines.
A bordure charged with

Tied together
Enveloped. Said of a snake
Environne. Surrounded.
Entoyre.
Entwined by.
eight inanimate charges.
with.
tightly encircling
man
or beast.
Epaulette.^K shoulder ornament; originally a badge of great

distinction, and, in later times, the universal decoration of officers
of the British
army and navy.
See Crozier and Pastoral

Fully caparisoned.
Eradicated. Violently torn up by the
Episcopal
Staff.
Staff,
Equipped.
roots.
With a ragged edge

Placed upright.
Erased ox Arazed.
Erect.
Ermines. A black
Ermine.
Erminois.
^^Vhite fur
with black spots.

fur with white spots.
A black fur with gold spots.
the converse Xocouped,
GLOSSARY.
Escallop or Escallop- Shell,
An indented
The emblem
ing to noble pilgrims.
U3
shell.
A badge
belong-
of the Apostle St. Tames
the
Great.
Escarbuncle.
See Carbuncle.
The
earliest shield represented
on
a monumental effigy bears this charge.

Escartele.
Esclatte.
See Quarterly.
Ragged,
See
Esaitcheon. The
word
is
shattered, or forcibly broken.
Scroll.
Escroll.
upon which arms
shield
are depicted.
Escutcheon of Pretence.
wife being an heiress.
An
inner shield bearing the arms of a
This must not be confounded with escutch-
eons borne as charges.
Sir
John Hay,
of
Dunse
Castle, bears arg.^
a yoke ppr. in chief a?id in base, three escutcheons gu.

only
is
This
sometimes used to express the whole coat of arms.
borne as a charge,
it is
blazoned
\\\itx\
one
a7i tnescutclieon.
No. 228. Hav.
Esquire or Esquierre. See Gyron.

Esquire.
noble
Originally a
now
properly a
below a knight.
are
all
Those
title
title
to
of the armour-bearer of a King or

of honour above a gentleman and
whom
this title is
now, of
right, due,
the younger sons of noblemen, the eldest sons of Baronets,
of Knights of the Garter and of the Bath, high sheriffs, justices of
HERALDRY.
144
the peace, barristers-at-law, lieutenant-colonels, majors, captains,

&c., during their commission.
A diminutive of the
A with wavy
Essomier.
Estoile.
star
which consists of
six
Estoile of Eight Points.
differs
When there are more than

The
emblems of the
the winged lion, the winged ox,
a??gel,
Expatrded Wings.
from the mullet,
six rays,
they
and wavy.
ETangelists^ Emblems.
Faggot.
This
five plain rays.
are alternately straight
are the
orle.
rays.
four Evangelists
and the
eagle.
See Displayed.
bundle of rough sticks represented as
tied with a
cord.
Falchion.
Falco7i.
in the
legs,
A broad-bladed sword.
The bird of
this
Edward
arms of
name.
IV. 's reign.
mention must be made
Falcon and Fetterlock.
charge commonly inserted
If bells are attached to the
in the blazon.
The
well-known badge of John of
Ghent.
Falcon
and
False Cross.
Sceptre.
One of the badges of Queen
Elizabeth.
"^
cross voided.
False Escutcheon.
An
orle voided.
False Roundel. Ar. annulet.
Fan, Van,
Scruttle, or
Feathered or Flighted.
Feathers,
Winnowing Van.
ôth singly and
middle ages as
See
latter.
Said of an arrow made ready

in
plume, were
for flight.
much used
in the
crests.
Feathers, Ostrich.
in heraldic devices.
The
It
ostrich feather
sometimes
is
is
the one usually borne
charged upon shields, and
The
Black PRrNCE
constantly appears as a favourite badge of the Plantagenets.

shields that are placed about the
monument
of the
it

GLOSSARY.
145
are alternately charged with his arms, and with three ostrich feathers
upon a
sable
Each of these
field.
small scroll, bearing the words,

(a.d. 1376), the
'^
feathers has
Black Prince speaks
"///^ white ostrich feather^
with
feather entirely white, or silver,
pen ermine,
having
its
")
Museum,
Harl. MS., Fol. 12, in the British
luhite,
his will
and
it is
ostrich
evident
were held by the Prince in high esteem.
that these feathers
its
piercing a
In
"our badges of
of
feathers" ("nos bages des plumes d'ostruce
with
its quill
Ich Dien^' (No. 229).
is the
pen golden,
its
is
King's ; the
feather golden,
of Lancaster's; and
is the
Duke
In
recorded that
is the
is the Fri?ice's; the
Duke
pen compony,
it
the feather
of Somerset's.**
No. 229. Black Prince.
Plume of An upright plume formed of a

number of feathers, generally the feathers of a cock or swan.
This is the crest of the De Mortimers, and it is beautifully
Feathers, Panache,
large
blazoned on their
The effigies of Sir Richard Pembridge,

Sir Robert de Marmion, at Tanfield, and of
seals.
K.G., at Hereford,
Sir
Thomas Arderne,
are
good examples.
(a.d.
at Elford
1418), at Ashwelthorpe,
feathers
and such
all
The panache
is
is
also the
of them about a.d. 1400

of Sir
Edmund Thorpe
formed of a plume of peacock's

panache of Lord Ferrers, of
10
HERALDRY.
146
Plumes of
Chartley, a.d. 1425, at Merevale.
now much used by military officers.

Fcmmc. The wife, as distinguished from
band.
a millstone.
It is
Edward
Roll of
Fermaile.
The iron
affixed to the centre of
a modification of the cross
I. is
styled a Fer-de-MoHne.
nioline,
which
in
See also Milrind.
A buckle.
A horse-shoe.
One of the
honorable ordinaries, supposed to
Fcss or Fcsse.
represent the girdle of honour

It
the Baron, her hus'
See Baron and Femme.
Fer de Moulme, or Millrind.
Ferr.
feathers are even
part of the insignia of knighthood.
contains a third part of the shield.

Fesse-point.
The centre of the
shield.
Fesse-wise.-^Yh^Q,^^ like a fesse.
This seems
Fetterlock, Fetlock, or Shackbolt.--A. shackle or lock.
to
have been an instrument attached to the leg of a horse, to
prevent his escape.
The hoop
of this instrument
is
sometimes
represented as a band of steel and sometimes as a chain.

Field.
The ground or foundation of the
writers say
it is
so called because
it
Some
shield.
ancient
represents the field of battle

to have
on which the charges or achievements are said
been
gained.
Figured. Represented as having a
or
human
face,
such as the sun
moon.
File. See Label.
Fillet.
it.
A diminutive
The
chief, unlike
of the chief, and containing one-fourth of

other honourable ordinaries, has only one
diminutive.
Fimbriated.
coming
Edged
either of a metal, to avoid
two tinctures
together, or of a tincture, to avoid the meeting of
two
GLOSSARY.
the Cross of St.

is
In the Union Jack of England
(No. 108, page 39.)
metals.
147
George appears with a narrow white border, which
entitled a Fimbriation.
Finned.
Represented with
ox a Ball
A bomb, having
fins.
Fire-ball
the upper part of

Fire-Beacon.
it.
An
iron case containing a
a pole, against which a ladder

Firebrand.
Fish.
size,
is
fire,
on the top of
set
placed.
See Brand.
Fish of every
when no
flames issuing from
fired.
variety are borne as lieraldic charges
particular variety
is
and the creature
specified,
the blazon simply states the charge to be
"a
but
of small
fish."
Fishes
are represented in fesse^ naianty in pale^ liauriajif,
uriant^
and
Fishes in general are emblems of chastity.
cmbowed.
Fissure or Staff.
A diminutive of the bend
Pointed
Fitchee.
at the lower
early Christians
made wooden
them
ground
stick
is
into the
end.
crosses,
It is
sinister.
supposed that the
and pointed one end,
for their devotions,
and
to
that hence the
Cross fitchee.
Fitched.
See
Fitchee.
See
A distinguishing ensign.
Five-leaved Grass.
Flag.
tation of
carries the represen-
and points of a
shield are also applicable to
In Flags, the depth from chief to base
a Flag.
Hoist,''
The Flag
arms exactly as a shield or coat does, and the same terms
that denote the parts
'^
Ci/tquefoil.
and the
extremity
is
length
is
entitled the
from the point of suspension to the fore
distinguished as the
denotes the fore extremity of any
"i^/j-,"
which
term also
latter
Flags of a few different
flag.
colours and devices are used in the navy as a complete
communication.
The
plain white flag
is
means of
received throughout the

10
HERALDRY.
148
The word
world as a token of peace.
" flag
"
may
also include
Fennoiis, Banners^ Standards^ FendaniSf &c.

Flagofi.
A covered cup. See Covered Cups.

Segmental portions of the shield
Flamhes.
flaiuhes two sundry coats
formed by two
G. Leigh says that on such two
curved lines or semicircles.
may be
(No. 75, page 31; No.
borne.
333 page 256.)

Flasqiies
resemble flanches, and by some writers are
greatly
considered to be the same
but the circular lines are of a larger
and do not extend so near the middle of the
radius,
VoiderSf again, are similar, but
extend
Catherine Howard's arms were

or^ between
.
still
shield.
less into the shield.
az., three fleurs-de-lis
in pale
two fldnches erm., each charged with a rosegu.
See Hetnp-Hackle.
A lancet.
or Golden
A sheep's
Flax-Breaker.
Fleam or Flegme.
Fleece
Fleece.
There
collar.
is
Spain called the Golden

Flesh-Hook.
skin hanging by a ring and
a celebrated Order of Knighthood in Austria and
An
Fleece.
instrument with three hooks, generally repre-
sented in pale, with handle in base.

Flesh'Fot.
A three-legged cauldron.
A conventional
Fleur-de-lis.
Newton,
"
tell
lily.
"Ancient heralds," says
us that the Franks of old had a custom, at the
proclamation of their King, to elevate him upon a shield or target,
and place
hand a reed or flag in blossom, instead of a sceptre,

and from thence the Kings of the first and second race in France
in his
are reoresented with sceptres in their hands, like the flag with
and which flowers became the armorial
flower,
Many
its
figures of France."
legendary tales have been told about the " blue banner with
golden
fleur-de-lis,"
but there can be
little
doubt that
tlie
Kings of
GLOSSARY.
France, from Clovis downwards, bore a
lilies,
and
that
Charles VI. reduced
149
covered with golden
field
the
number
Mr. Planch e supposes
the Blessed Trinity.
Fleur-de-lis, or Fleur-de-luce, to
"Flower of Louis," and adds

the
modern
No.
No.
231.
typical form.
its
is
the origin of the
rebus^ signifying the
the Frankish form of
dropped, as in Cloihaire^ Lothatre,
It
No.
232.
Fleur-de-lis appears in early
modifications of
emblem
have been a
that ^^Cioi'is
C being
No.
230.
The
etc."
Louis, the
to three, either
Kings of France, or
to symbolize the three different races of the
233.
Heraldry under several
was considered to be the
of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and was in especial favour in
the middle ages with the designers of the inlaid pavement
and other decorative
ecclesiastical ornamentations.
it
decorates the Royal Tressure of Scotland, in the shield
placed by
Henry
The
minster.
resting
early
Edward
III.
great seal
and
the
tiles
forms one
Robert de Vere,
of the figures of the diaper of the shield of
and
It
or
III.
Edward
I. in
the Abbey of WestDauphin Louis is a most inte-
counter-seal of the
example of a French Royal

quartered the French shield
The
in his arms.
English shield in
shield (No. 207,
801.
Fleurs-de-lis
To
page 100, semee de
three fleurs-de-lis, the former
is
shield, semee de
/is.
on
his
sef?iee
lis
were removed from
distinguish the
lis)
de
early
French
from the modern one of
blazoned France
ancient.
HERALDRY.
rro
Fleuryj Flory, or Fleurdtee.
nating with
Having
the ends or sides termi-
fleurs-de-lis.
Bent. See Einbowed.

Bent or embowed.
Feathered. Said of an
Fleeted.
Flexed.
Flighted,
arrow feathered ready for
flight
Flotani.
Floating
or flying in the
Said of a banner un-
air.
furled.
Fly.
The length of a
flag
from the point of suspension to the
fore extremity.
and being formed

Having
Said of a horse standing on
Formee. See
cusps,
Foliated.
Forcene.
its
like
a leaf or leaves.
hind-legs.
Patee.
Forest-Bill. ^tt Wood-Bill.

Fountain.
lines ar.
tain
is
One
and
az.,
of the roundels formed of six alternate
or
represented
The Foun-
flat.
Divided
The emblem of
Fourchee.
Fox.
more properly barry wavy of six.
wavy
into
two parts towards the extremity.
deceit, cunning,
and
rapacity.
Broken.
Fraises. Strawberry-leaves.
Fracted.
Fraternities of Honour.
Frame-Saw.
Orders of Knighthood.
saw fixed
in
an oblong frame, and having a
handle at each end.

Fresnee.
Rearing up on the
hind-legs.
Frette.-^K saltire and mascle interlaced.
De
Spencer.s, and
When
still
It
was borne by the
appears in the arms of
Earl Spencer.
the interlacing bars of a frette are repeated, so as to cover
the field either of the shield or of any charge, such a field

to htfrettee.
is
said
GLOSSARY.
Three semicircles
Frette Ti'iajigular.
Fretted.
When
bend ways.
Fnicted.
fruit is
the entire field
is
covered with
inter-
(No. 126, page 47.)
Fruited,
or bearing
fruit.
of a different colour from the
Fumant.
interlaced.
Interlaced.
Fretty or Frettc.
lacings
151
Said of trees
when
their
tree.
Emitting smoke.
Equipped.
Furnished.
Fur.
and
Furs were
for the linings
used in coat armour for covering the
principal heraldic furs are Ermine^ Ermines, Erminois,

Fusil.
shields,
and doublings of mandings in achievements. The
An elongated lozenge. (No. page

covered with
When the
Fusilly.
Fylot or Fylfot.
73,
shield
and
Vair.
29.)
fusils.
is
description of cross, with
extremities bent at right angles.
(No. 234.)
the ends
or
This figure appears
upon the mitre of Thomas a Becket, on the shield-belt of Sir

John D'Aubernoun, a.d. 1277, and upon many other monuments.
Reference is made to this figure in " Notes and Queries," Third
Series,
V. 458, 524; and VI. 51, 96, 135.
No.
Gad-Fly or Gad-Bee.
sented volant.
No.
2:4.
The
summer
235.
horse-fly, generally repre-
HERALDRY.
IS-
Gads.
Oblong curved plates of metal.
Small spikes projecting
from the knuckles of mediaeval gauntlets.

Gadlyngs.
See Gads.
An
Galley or Lymphad.
also propelled
with
of
its
by
oars.
The
colours flying.
LoRNE
ancient ship having one mast, but
It is
blazoned with
galley
is
its
sails furled
and
the insignia of the lordship
(No. 235).
Gal-Traps or Galthraps.
See Caltraps.
Game Cock.^t^ Cock.

Gamb ox Jatnb.Tht whole fore-le^ of a beast.
A wheat-sheaf. When of any other grain, it must be
Garb.
signified. The arms of the Prince of Wales as Earl of Chester
are
az.^ three
garbs
or.
No. 236. Chester.
Gardant.
See Guardant
The elbow-piece of a
A wreath or chaplet.
Gardebras or Garbraille.
Garland.
Garnished.
ment
set
Decorated.
This term
is
suit
of armour.
used to express the orna-
on any charge.
Garter, Order of
the.
This Order
ward III., and is one of

DEN says " it exceeds in
was
instituted
by Kino Ed-
the most famous European Orders.
majesty, honour, and fame
all
Sel-
chivalrous
GLOSSARY.
Orders
153
The emblem of the order is a blue ribbon,

Boni soil qui mal y peuse,'' in gold
buckle and pendant of gold. The mantle is of blue
in the world."
bearing the well-known motto, "

letters,
with a
velvet, lined with white.
Garter King-of-Arms.
His duty
is
The principal King-of-Arms
upon knights
to attend
grant and confirm arms under the Earl Marshal.

of Garter are arg.^ the Cross of St. George;
coronet encircled with
and a fleur-de-lis^
in
England.
at their installation,
o?i
The
a chief
a garter of the order between a

^
and
official
az.,
to
arms
a ducal
lion of England
all or.
Garter-Plate. ?>QQ Stall-Plate.

Gauntlet.
A glove of mail.
This must be blazoned dexter or
sinister.
Gaze.
The
same
as guardant, but applied to animals of the
chase.
6^.C.i9. (Knight) Grand Cross
aC/^ (Knight)
of,
the Bath.
Grand Cross of Hanover.
6^.CJ^. 6^. (Knight) Grand Cross of
St.
See Pike.
See Bar-Gemel.
Genet. An Order of Knighthood.
Genet. A small animal
a
next below an
Gentleman. The
esquire.
Michael and
St.
George.
Ged.
Geniel.
fox.
like
title
King doth only make knights and
As
for gentlemen, they
" Ordinarily, the
create barons, or higher degrees.
be made good cheap
in this
kingdom
whosoever studieth the laws of the realm, who studieth

versities,
who
countenance of a gentleman, he
is
the
title
who can
professeth the liberal sciences, and
and without manual labour, and

which
men
will
shall
in the
for
Uni-
live idly
bear the post, charge, and
be called
'
master,' for that
give to esquires and other gentlemen^ and
HERALDRY.
1S4
be taken
shall
for
a gentleman."
"Commonwealth
Eng-
of
land."
George Badge.
of
St.
The badge of the Order of the
The figure
Garter.
George on horseback piercing the dragon.
George, St.,
the fourteenth
red cross of
St.
of.
A white banner
with a red cross.
fifteenth centuries, all English soldiers
George over
England, and the
saint of
banner
Banner
and
their armour.
George
St.
is
In
wore the
the patron
George banner was the national
St.
until the incorporation of the
banners of
St.
Patrick and
Andrew, which formed the Union Jack.
St.
Gerated.
Powdered.
The ancient practice oi powdering shields
Gerrattyng.
rence
the
is
described in the
*'
Boke of St. Albans"
Gilly-Floiuer.
A species of carnation.
Two annulets
Gimme/ Ring.
J
(printed i486) urider
of " Gerattyng."
title
Girl
for diffe-
interlaced.
in Heraldry, signifies the
Girt or Girdled.
young of the roe in
Bound round any
its
second
year.
object.
See Gyronny.
Said of snakes when represented moving forward.
Borne
arms by Sir H. Dryden.
Gironne.
Gliding.
Globes Terrestrial.
in
his
Globes are also borne broken or fraeted by the families of
Hope
and HoPETOUN.
Glorious Virgin.
Glory.
Issuing
head of a
An Order of Knighthood
rays.
The
circle of rays
in Venice.
which surround the
saint.
Falconer's gloves are sometimes used as charges.

The animal of name.
A gobonated bordure often carried
Gobony. See Compouy.
Glove.
Goat.
this
is
instead of the bastard bar or bar sinister.
GLOSSARY.
Gold.
One of the heraldic metals, blazoned

A celebrated Order of Knighthood
or.
Golden
Spain.
Duke
15s
Fleece.
It
was established
of Burgundy.
in the year
in Austria
and
1429 by Philip the Good,
Both Austria and Spain claim to exercise
the privileges of this Order.
Golpe (sometimes called a Wound).

Gojifatinon.
A pointed
A purple roundel.
pendant banner richly fringed and em-
broidered, used in processions in the Catholic Church.
Gorge or Gnrge.
Gorged.
A charge sui)posed
Having a
collar
to indicate a whirlpool.
round the neck.
Neck armour.
Goshawk. A kind of hawk.
Gorget.
See
Walking applied
Grafted. Inserted and fixed
Gutiee,
Gouttee.
Gradient.
which
is
to the tortoise.
in.
inserted into the other as
Gi-ain Tree.
Grappling Iron.
crest
Said of that part of a shield
one of the quarterings.
borne by the Dyers' Company.

In Heraldry always
four-armed anchor.
represented in perspective.
Grasshopper.
The
crest of Sir
of the Royal Exchange.
Thomas Gresham,
the founder
This crest surmounts the pinnacle of the
present building.
Grater.
Greyhound.
glazier's tool.
Generally borne courant.
A young wild boar.

borne with handle
Gridiron. This
Grieces or Degrees. Steps.
anciently gryphon. A
or
Grice.
is
Griffin
//;
base.
fabulous beast which
Gr}i/i?i,
combines the bodily attributes of the lion and the eagle.

Griffin, like the lion, is
borne passant, &c.
but
when
erect
The
and
HERALDRY,
156
with wings expanded,
it
blazoned segreant.
is
quently borne as supporters
two horns,
it is
Guardant.
fre-
they are sometimes ivingless, as in
When
Marquis of Ormonde.
the arms of the
Griffins are
monster has
this
blazoned a 7nale griffin.
Looking
This term applies
towards the spectator.
to beasts ofprey.
Guard. Axi old heraldic term

Gmge A shield-belt.
Gules or Gu. The colour red,
for doubling.
expressed in engravings by per-
pendicular lines.
See
A whirlpool.
Portions of the
Gunstone.
Giirge.
Pellet.
Gussets.
sides of the shield.
Ancient abate-
ments of honour.
Guttee or Gouttee, from
Heraldry a
may be
field
the
Latin
a drop, signifies in
giitta,
covered or sprinkled with drops.
These drops
of different tinctures, and they must be distinguished in
blazoning them by using the various

Or.
Guttk d\rr
affixes, as follows
Arg.
Guttee d'eau
Gu.
Guttee du sang
Az.
Guttee de larmes
Vert.
Guttee de vert, or d'olive
oil.
Sa.
Guttee de poix
pitch.
water.
blood.
tears.
^^
r f
No.
937.
sprinkled with gold.
No.
f
?
238.
(No. 237.)
GLOSSARY.
Not only
'puttee.
also
the field of the shield, but the field of any charge can be
The arms
on
157
of
his shield
John Feld, emblazoned upon

(in
his
his tabard
and
brass at Standon, Herts), djQgii., a
(esse or, between three eagles displayed, arg. guttees
du
(No.
sang.
187, page 69.)
Guttee reversed.
position
(No. 238.)
inverted.
Giize.
Is when the drops have their natural
A roundlet
of the
now
obsolete tincture murrey or san-
guine.
Gyron.
An ordinary, composed
of two lines issuing from the
dexter chief point, and meeting in an acute angle at the fesse

point.
(No. 68, page 29.)
Gyronny or Gironnee.
gyrons.
NiSBET,
is
in
be
divided into several parts or
field
is blazoned gyronny of six.

speaking of the paternal ensign of Campbell, says, " It
If there
composed
of
traufiche^ taille^
six gyrons,
the four principal partition lines, parti, coupe,
which divide the
ordinarily blazoned with
Habergeon.
it
field into eight gironal
us girony
segments,
of eight, or, and sable."
A jacket without sleeves, composed of chain mail;
but in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries a Habergeon oi plate
armour was worn over the hauberk.

Habick or Habeck.
the Clothiers'
A cloth-dressing
tool,
borne in the arms of
Company.
i^^Z^/V^^/. Clothed.
Hackle.
See Hemp-bf-ake.
Hake-Fish.
Halbert.
fish similar to the cod.
An ancient weapon
VIII. to the
last century,
in use
ceremonials.
Halk-spear.
from the time of
and now sometimes used
A short-handled
spear.
at
Henry
certam
HERALDRY.
158
Hames
or Heames.
Part of a
horse's harness
a badge of the
family of St. John.
Haffimer or Martel.
by the
in the
Plasterers'
An
Company
and
it is
This charge
variously borne in Armoury.
is
so blazoned as to define the position, &c.

the sinister^ or
or graspitig
erect,
hand, couped at the wrist
sinister
Hare.
some
The Badge
be appaumee.
to
It
whether the
An
object.
of Ulster
and erect,
is
must be
dexter^ or
open hand
blazoned
is
arg.y
gu.
The animal of this name, generally borne courant.
A cabled
The musical instrument of
upper part of a winged angel
was
Harington Knot.
frette.
Harp.
this
this
harp.
borne
is
also borne, ducally croi-vned^
arms of the Blacksmiths' Company.
Hand.
said
The hammer
early charge.
;
It is the national
Harpoon.
borne in
The
originally called a
device of Ireland, and
Royal arms of Great
Irish quarter of the
name, headed with the
it is
Welsh
borne in the
Britain.
points or spears of this charge are generally
base.
Harpy.
A fabulous heraldic
creature, represented as a vulture
with a woman's head and neck.
Hart.
horns.
A stag of
The
six years, or of full
female, without horns,
is
growth, with branching
a hind.
Hart
is
part of
the crest for Ireland.

Hatchet.
An early charge.
De Hursthelve
Hatchment.
bore
In the thirteenth century, William
az., three hatchets arg.
The armorial bearings of a deceased person, usually
placed on the front of a house, whereby

the deceased was of
when
living.
may be known what rank
When
a Hatchment
on the death of a husband, the dexter half of the
Hatchment
itself is sable,
and the
sinister, argent.
is
field
On
erected
of the
the death
GLOSSARY.
of a
order of the tinctures
7vife, this
159
When
is reversed.
a Hatch-
ment bears the arms of a widower, widow, or unmarried person, the

whole of
its field is sable.
A coat of
sometimes reaching up
form a
and sometimes so
Hauriant. Faleivays or
and having the head
in chief.
Applied to a
It is
Hauberk.
mail,
to the neck,
as to
coif.
/;/
pale,
fish as if rising to the surface for breathing.
the
converse of Uriant.
Hause or Hausse.
Enhanced.
Placed higher than
its
customary
position.
Hawk.h.
bold and courageous bird of prey, which frequently
appears in Heraldry.
It is
blazoned as belled, jessed, and varvelled
(varvels are small rings attached to the
HaivKs-lure,
two wings, with their
Hawk's
Bells.
Hay-fork.
tips
Bells
Hawks Jesses,
jesses).
downwards, joined with a Ime and
for attaching to
hawks'
ring.
legs.
are leathern thongs for attaching the bells.
See Shakefork.
Borne by
the family of Hazelrigg.
Hazel-leaves.
Head.
end of the
decoy used by falconers, and composed of
head must be so blazoned that
its
position
may be
understood.
Heavies.
See Hamcs.
Healme, Heaume, or Z?^/;;/r. Defensive armour
for the head.
See chapter on Helms.
Heart or
Human
coat armour, and
it
Douglas badge
is,
Heart.
is
This
charge
is
sometimes borne
frequently blazoned a body heart.
human
in
The
heart gules.
Hedgehogs are borne passant, with quills elevated.

Heightened.
Having a decorative
placed above or higher in the
field.
accessory or another charge,
HERALDRY.
[6o
Helmet.
See Healmc.
Hevtp-brake or Hackle.
An
instrument for bruising
hemp
borne by Sir Geo. Hampson, Bart. (Nos. 239 and 240, drawn from
ancient examples.)
No.
Hen and
Chickens^
this
240.
an emblem of God's providence.
The
Heneage Knot.
No.
239.
device used as a badge by the family of
name.
Herald.
An
officer
whose duty
is
to
marshal processions, super-
intend ceremonies, and regulate armorial bearings.
Herald
probably coeval
is
six Heralds, viz.
lâncaster.
The
office
of
In P^ngland, there are
Windsor, Chester, Richmond, Somerset, York, and
and there are
Heron's Head.
The
officer is
Lyon
six Heralds.
crest of
Beckford
is
a heroth hecui erased
Sf^S^d with a collar fleurie pi.y in the beak a fish arg.
Herse.
An
at funeral
iron framework, with spikes to hold candles, used
ceremonies
tiful workmanship in
it
coat armour.
In Scotland, the principal heraldic
King-at-Arms
^î
^vith
lost all
originally very simple in form, but of beau-
the fifteenth century. In the seventeenth century
elegance of form, and afterwards degenerated into the hide-
ous hearse of the present day.

heraldic devices,
Antiquaries, in
The ancient
herse was covered with
and bearings of the deceased.

the "
Monumenta
The
Society of
Vestusta," has engraved four
GLOSSARY.
At
plates, illustrating this.
i6i
the funeral of
Queen Mary, in Westmany skochiones
minster Abbey, there were " on the same hersse

in metall, with
many
small skochiones of wax.
Under
the said great skochiones, went a valence of taffeta, a quarter of a
yard depe, wrythen with
lettres
of gold, dieu et
mon
droit, and
armes in the same."

Highness.
VIII.,
A princely
title
of honour.
"Your Highness" was used
Hill and Hillock.
when two
Until the time of
Henry
in addressing the Sovereign.
green mound.
or more, the term hillock
is
One
is
blazoned a hill;
used.
Having a handle.
The female
without homs.
Hirondelle. A swallow.
Hoist. The depth of a
from chief
Holy Lamb. A lamb having a
over
Hilled.
Hi?td.
stag,
to base.
flag,
circle
head, and holding
its
a banner.
Holy Sepulchre (Knights of
the).
An
Order of Knighthood
of
very early date, and reconstructed in 1814.
Honour
Point.
That part of the shield next above the centre.

The nine principal ordinaries (see
Honourable Ordinaries.
chapter on Ordinaries).
Having the head covered with a

Having hoofs of a tincture
Horned. Having horns of any particular
Horse. The horse
borne passant,
Hooded.
coif or hood.
different
Hoofed.
from the body.
tincture.
courajzt,
is
horse in the arms of the County of
Kent
is
&c.
said to be
The white
one of the
oldest heraldic devices.
Horse-shoes are generally borne with the ends turned up, and
placed in
base.
This charge
is
borne
in the
arms of the Ferrers,
Earls of Derby.
11
HERALDRY.
i62
Hound.
The bloodhound^ which
Humette.
is
generally represented on
An ordinary couped^ so that
outer line of the shield.
This term
it
scent.
does not extend to the
seldom applied to any
is
ordinary but the fesse.
Hunting-Horn.
There
ways.
is
slightly-curved horn, generally borne pale-
also the Bugle-Horn^
which
is
of a semicircular
form.
Hurst. A clump of
Hurte or Huert.
Hurtec^QVCi^Q of
Hydra.
with
lope), with
Idcle.
hurtes.
fabulous heraldic animal, represented by a dragon
many heads.
One of the
Ibex.
trees.
An azure roundel.
heraldic beasts (similar to the heraldic ante-
two straight serrated horns projecting from the forehead.
Similar to Gutte, but with more elongated drops.
Imbattled.^tQ Embattled.
Imbrued.
Bloody, or dropping with blood.
Impaling.
Arranging
two coats of arms side by side
in
one
shield.
hnperial Croivn.
Emperor of Germany.
mitre-like
Imperial
crown, properly that of the
Crown
is
now
the correct term
for all kingly crowns.
Surmounted by the crown of England

At the bottom of the
In Bend. Set bend-wise.
Imperially Crowned.
In Base.
shield.
In Chevron.
In the form of a chevron.
In Chief. ^ti
in the chief.
In Cr^xj. Arranged
In T^j^. Placed
In
Foliage.
in the
form of a cross.
fesse wise.
Bearing
leaves.
GLOSSARY.
163
A term applied the sun when surrounded by

Two wings conjoined, with
In
In the direction of a
In
Arranged the form of a
In Pride. Said of a peacock or other ornamental bird having
In Glory.
/;/
to
rays.
Lure.
their tips in base.
Pale.
pale.
Pile.
pile.
displayed or spread.
its tail
In
in
Saltire.
Placed in the form of a
In Splendour.
Increment.
Increscent.
saltire.
See In Glory.
See
When
Increscent.
the points of a crescent are both on the
dexter side.
Placed back back.

Having a serrated
This
one of the
Indorsed or Addorsed.
Indented.
lines,
and
to
line.
is
is
partition
similar to dancette^ but has smaller notches.
Indian Goat.
A goat with
horns very
much
curved, and with
ears like those of the talbot.

Inescutcheon.
A small
shield in the fesse point or in the chief,
to hold the
arms of Ulster
there
more than one they
are
for the distinction of Baronets.
are
When
called Escutcheons.
The
Inescutcheon must not be mistaken for the shield of pretence.
Infamed or
to
Defa?tted.
Without a
defame or disgrace the

Inflamed.
tail,
the loss being supposed
lion or other animal.
With
See Engrailed.
fire issuing.
Ingrailed.
Inkhorn or Penner and Inkhorn.

notary, a pen-case
in the
The
and vessel containing
usual
emblems of a
ink, as they
middle ages by notaries, appended to
were carried
their girdles.
The
penner and inkhorn are represented on two brasses of notaries

A.D. 1475
^^^ 1566
Ink Moline.
See
in the
church of
St.
Mary Tower,
Ipswich.
Millri?id.
112
HERALDRY.
64
Laced or linked together.

The converse of
Said of wings when turned downwards.
Irradiated. Illuminated, or decorated, with rays or beams
Interlaced.
engrailed.
Invected.
Inverted.
of
light.
Isabella the Catholic.
A Spanish Order of Knighthood, founded
in 1815.
Issuant.
Issuing from the bottom of a

The paw, and of the
chief.
Ja?nb or Gamb,
part
of the lion or
leg,
other animal.
A Dutch Order of Knighthood.

An Order of Knighthood, founded by C has.
III.
A barbed
The comb of a cock, &c.
Rising or
from the middle of a
When a
from any object;
for
James,
St.
Januarius^
St.
of Spain.
dart.
lavelin.
Jellop.
issuing
Jessant.
fesse
fleur-de-lis issues
Jessant-de-lis.
example, a leopard's head jessant-de-lis.
head of a leopard,
that the
the reason for their opinion

Jessed.
in this case, should

is
are of opinion
be reversed, but
not apparent.
Said of a hawk when the
which the
Some writers
jesses or straps of leather
bells are attached to its legs, are of
by
a different tincture
from the bird.

Jesses.
Small
John,
St.,
and
leather straps, or thongs.
o/Jen/salem. The most celebrated of
religious
knights were afterwards called Knights of Malta.
See
Exercises of arms.
Joinant.
Jousts.
all
the military
Orders of Knighthood of the middle ages.
Conjoined.
A:i?. Knight of the Bath.
The
GLOSSARY.
^.C^. Knight Commander
of the Bath.
Knight Commander of the Order of Hanover.
K.C.H.
Key.
165
The emblem of
St. Peter.
Keys
the arms of ecclesiastical corporations
When
borne singly they are generally in
Kings-of-Arms.
of
The
Arms; these
Norroy ; of
are frequently borne in
dedicated to
St.
wards
pale, with
Peter.
iii
chief.
principal heraldic officers of the College
are three in
number: Garter,
these, Garter is the chief,
Clare?2ceux,
and
and Clarenceux and Norroy
have jurisdiction severally to the south and north of the Trent.
There
also, for
is
Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, Bath, Lyon, and
Ulster,
Knights.
Knots.
See chapter on Orders of Knighthood.
Heraldic badges, borne by
composed of twisted
Label or
File.
mark of cadency,
different families; they are
silk cord, tied in different
ways.
brizure, or figure of three points, used as a
to distinguish the eldest son during the lifetime
of his father.
See Knots.
Lacy Knot.-
Lambrequin or Mantling.
velvet or
silk,
A small mantle, generally
of crimson
lined with ermine, with tassels attached
to
the
basinet or helm, and hanging down over the shoulders of the

wearer.
In Heraldry, the mantling
is
forms a background for the shield and

with them
in such a
it
its
accessories
constitutes an achievement of arms, or,
manner
Laminated or
Lampasse.
often so adjusted that
as to cover the
Scaled.
Having
See Langued.
One of
Lancaster Herald.
it
and thus
simply hangs
back of the helm.

scales.
the six heralds of the College of
Arms.
Lancaster Rose.
it
A conventional red
rose.
HERALDRY.
i66
Langued.
differs
Said of an animal when
from the body.
the tincture of the tongue
and birds are langued gu., unles
All beasts
the beast or bird be itself gu.^ or the blazon directs otherwise.

Laurel-leaves are borne with the point of the leaf in chief.
A
or coupling.
Said of greyhounds when coupled the
Leather
The ancient oblong-shaped
Leaves. The
or
or the branches of any
Leash.
strap
Leashed.
at
Bottle.
leaf
must be
collars.
bottle.
specified
leaves,
and described
borne by Hazelrigg
in the blazon.
oak-branches
strawberry-leaves {ox /raises)
tree or plant,
Hazel-leaves are
by Okstead and Oakes
by Frazer ;
laurel-leaves
by Leveson
(No. 241).
No. 241. Leveson.
Legged or Membered.
Said of the
legs of a bird
when they
are
of a different tincture from the body.

Legion of Honour.
A French Order, both
civil
and
military.
It
The
Order comprehends "Knights of the Grand Eagle," "Grand
Officers," "Commanders," and "Legionaries."
The Bourbons
was
instituted in the year 1802,
by the French Republic.
remodelled the order, and displaced the " Grand Eagle," and subrtituted
"Grand
The Order
Jj^s are
Cross,"
and "Knights" replaced the "Legionaries."
has since undergone

oftc
many
changes.
n borne in coat armour,
and must be blazoned with
GLOSSARY.
They are sometimes borne couped(or erased) at the thigh^
great care.
The knee is always represented embowed.
in armour^ booted^ and naked.
Three
167
legs in armour, conjoined in the fesse point at the
and garnished, forms the
part of the thighs, spurred
upper
insignia of the
Kingdom of Man. Legs of horses, lions, &c., are often borne

The entire leg of a lion is a liorHs jambe or gambe.
crests.
the limb be cut

Leopards.
at or
ofif
below the middle
The position of leopards
terms as those used for

without part of the neck,
and
this
it is
was the blazon
anciently,
lions.
Some
pard and
lioness,
is
still
If
termed Sipaw.
expressed by the same
a leopard's head appears

''
Leopard,"
passant or passant guardant,
adhered to by some foreign
heralds describe the leopard as the issue of the
and they assign the unproductiveness of such
hybrids as a reason for
and abbesses.
is
it is
blazoned a leopard's faee.
for the lion
method of blazon
heralds.
When
joint,
as
It
its
frequent adoption in the arms of abbots
has been very keenly contested whether the
three animals in the Royal arms of England were originally lions
or leopards.
It is
a great argument in favour of the belief of the
substitution of the lion for the leopard, that the leopard has dis-
appeared from English Heraldry, but that the face and head of
the leopard have remained.
Letters
charges.
of the Alphabet.
The
These
are
frequently employed
particular text or character of the letter
as
must be
described.
Lieutenant (from Loami-tene?is).k representative

Lily-pot.
officer.
See Covered Cup.
Lily.ThQ emblem of the Blessed Virgin
frequently borne in
coat armour, representing purity and chastity.
Limbeck or Alembick.
antique form.
still;
generally represented
in
an
HERALDRY.
68
Lines of Partition are the various dividing and border lines,
and curves.
in addition to simple right lines
These are
illustrated
in another part of this work.
Lion.
A Royal symbol.
In Heraldry, the king of beasts.
See
chapter on the Heraldry of the Lion.

Lion^ Demi.
the body,
is
In a "demi-lion" the
lions occur
Lined.
although separate from
represented.
Lion's fambe or Gambe.

Lioficels.
tail,
field
on a
The whole
A
of lions.
fore-leg of a lion.
term used when more than three
shield.
Having cords or chains attached
also having
an inside
lining.
Lists.
Enclosed spaces
Colours
Livery Colours.
their servants
adopted by families
for the dress of
these should properly be of the chief colours of
the family arms.
eminent personages
Colours were originally adopted by certain

for various decorative uses
as scarlet
and
by the Plantagenets
blue and white, by the Lancastrians

;
and crimson, by the House of York white and green, by the
white,
blue
for holding tournaments.
Tudors, &c., &c.

Lizard,
A beast resembling a wild
Lizard.
The
Lobster.
reptiles of this
name
cat.
are generally blazoned vert.
Always represented with claws in

An axe with a broad blade and long handle.
chief,
Lochabar Axe,
Lodged. K term applied to a
stag, or other beast of the chase,
as couchant applies to the lion.
Lozenge,
A four-sided diamond-shaped
Z^jsr^-//^. Covered with or

field
figure.
composed of lozenges;
that
is,
divided by diagonal lines crossing at intervals, and forming a
diamond
pattern.
GLOSSARY.
Luce.
"
The
fish called
a pike. In the
169
first
Merry Wives of Windsor," Slender says
dozen white luces in their

to the
arms of the Lucy
three white luces

Luna.
The ancient
give the
white luces" apply
is
of Charlecote
.;
r^^m^cc^ (^^
s-lure.
mast, and a
sail furled,
This charge
Royal
They may
blazon for argent.
See HawJH
Lyinphad. An ancient
Lyon.
(No. 242
family.
interlaced.)
Lure.
whose
"
The "dozen
coat.^^
Thomas Lucy,
the seal of Sir
scene of Shakspeare's
:
with one
oars.
borne by the Lords of Lorne.
is
The
title
galley,
and propelled by
King-of-Arms for Scotland,

derived from the lion in the
is
Originally he was styled
shield.
Lord
NiSBET says he has precedence of all
Lyon.
knights and gentlemen other than State
'^^^ ^''^'
offi-
Lyon ranks next to Garter.

The Herald's Court presided over by Lyon, and
composed of six Heralds and six Pursuivants.
cers.
Lyo7i Court.
An
Mace.
headed
ensign
of authority
originally a
Macers.
Officers of the Supreme Courts
Maideiis Head.
The
generally crowned
in Scotland.
head, neck, and shoulders of a woman,
and wreathed.
Katherine Parr had
badge a maiden^ s head, rising from a large Tudor

Maintenance,
Fearne
says
of.
rose.
See
the chiefest of the subdued enemies,

in his triumph, bearing his
captivity."
for a
Cap of Maintenance. Sir John

''The wearing of the cap had a beginning from the
Cap
duke or general of an army, who, having gotten
and
spiked metal-
staff.
cap
whom
after him, in
he
victory,
caused
led, to follow
him
token of subjection
HERALDRY.
I70
Male Gryphon,
Maltese Cross.
Cross
worn
is
See
A
Griffin.
The Maltese
cross having eight points.
as a decoration
by several Orders of Knighthood.
Manch.
Ancient handcuffs.
See Maunche.
Maned.
Said
Manacles or Shackles.
of an animal
when
the
mane
differs in tincture
from the body.
Maris Heady
is
variously represented,
viz.,
in profile, affronte,
&c., &c.
Mantle.
long and flowing robe, worn in the middle ages
The mantle
over the armour.

of the
official insignia
Mantle of Ladies.
ladies of rank.
also constitutes an important part
of the Knightly Orders.
garment worn in the middle ages by
These were often decorated with heraldic charges,
generally the impaled arms of the lady
Mantling.
The
and her husband.
decorative ornament attached to the helmet,
and hanging down behind the escutcheon

is
in
an achievement.
sometimes intended to represent the mantle or robe of
It
estate,
and then the arms or bearings of the shield are generally embroidered on
it j
or contoise,
but when
it is
it
represents the scarf called the cointise,
depicted as ragged, with the torn ends twisted
into ornamental scrolls.
It is
not clear whether the cointise and
contoise did not refer to two different scarfs
the
former to that
worn round the waist and over the shoulder, and the
latter to that
attached to the helm.
Man-Tiger.-^K fabulous heraldic monster, with the body of a

lion
and the head of a man, having horns on the head.

A young wild boar, represented as having
Marcassin.
its tail
hanging down.
Mark
of Cadency.
That
heraldic distinction of the several
GLOSSARY.
members
of the
same
same house, which

and borne
family, or of the collateral branches of the
indicated
The second rank
originally given to
specially
adopted
Marquess' Coronet,
four strawberry or
slightly raised
and
is
Richard
formed of a
II.
golden
tassel,
Marshal of Efigland.
Marshalling.
compositions.
The
it
many
became honorary.
band of
gold, with
pearls alternating,
In representations two of the
points.
The cap
three of the leaves are seen.
velvet, with a
title
sea-coast or frontiers
circle or
oak-leaves, with as
on pyramidal
This
in the British Peerage.
commanders on the
of countries, but in the time of
pearls
by some device
for that purpose.
Marquess.
was
is
171
is
of crimson
and guarded with ermine.
See Earl Marshal.

and arrangement of heraldic
disposition
Marshalling
is
more
fully
explained in another part
of this work.
Mars.
The ancient blazon

or
See Hanifner.
The heraldic swallow, always represented without
for gules
red.
Martel.
Martlet.
and with long wings. In the

with
early representations
In cadency, the Martlet
legs.
is
it is
legs
represented
the difference of the fourth
son.
Mascle.
the lozenge
Masaily.
lozenge voided or perforated.
In early Heraldry
and mascle were probably one.
Composed of mascles.
A shield divided into lozenge-
shaped compartments, having the centres voided, and of alternate

tinctures.
Masoned.
Said
of a castle, &c.,
when
the divisional lines of
the brickwork or stonework are represented.
Master of
Ceref?iomes.
An
office
originally instituted
for the
reception of distinguished persons at the Court of England.
It
HERALDRY.
17:
is
now extended
to the president or regulator of ordinary assem-
blies.
Maiimhe.
time of
Henry
No.
Mayor.
sleeve,
I.
having long hanging ends, worn about the
by EngUsh gentlewomen (Nos. 243
No.
243.
The chief magistrate of a
first
has borne the
title
No.
245.
246.
city or corporate town.
Mayors of London, York, and Dublin

and the
to 246).
are styled "
The
Lord Mayor,"
of Right Honourable since the
year 1354.
Medals.
Honourable
eminent worth, generally
medals bear the
insignia
bestowed uy the Sovereiojn
for naval or military services.
for
Ancient
portrait of princely personages only, but after the
fifteenth century this
custom was discontinued.
Medals generally
have ribbons attached, and sometimes small bars or clasps bearing

the
name of a
particular action in a campaign.
Medjidic.K Turkish Order,
instituted in 1852.
Membered.S2i\6. of the beak and
legs
of any bird
when they
are
of a different tincture from the body
Merchants' Marks.
Devices
adopted by the merchants and
traders of the middle ages (Nos. 247
Mercury.
The ancient blazon
Meriette.^te Martlet.
Merlion.
See Martlet.
iox
and
248).
purpure or purple.
GLOSSARY.
Mermaid.
mermaid
is
A fabulous being,
woman and
half
a badge of the Berkeleys
it
half
fish.
The
was the dexter supporter
Walter Scott and the supporters of Viscount Boyne

meruiaids. Lord Berkeley, in his brass at Wotton-under-Edge,
of Sir
are
173
A.D. 1392, wears a collar of
No.
Merman.
mermaids (No. 249) over
No. 249. Collar of Mermaids.
248.
A sea-man or Triton.
given to
An old
Mesne Lord.
his camail.
title
a lord
who was
subject to
another lord.
Metals.
or
The
metals in Heraldry are
two viz.,
and argent; the former represents
white.
Gold
is
gold and silver
yellovv^,
represented in engraving by dots,
and the
and
latter
silver
by
the absence of lines or dots.
Middle Base.
That part of the shield close to the lower point.
Middle Chief. ThQ upper central part of the

Mill-pick.
An
shield.
instrument of the pickaxe description, used for
dressing millstones.
No.
250.
No.
251.
No.
252.
No.
253.
HERALDRY.
174
Millrind or Millrine.
The iron which
is
fixed in the centre of
a millstone (Nos. 250 to 253).

Millstone.
Generally represented charged with a
millrind.
When
the lines of the stone are of a different tincture, they must be
blazoned picked of such a tincture.

Miniver.
Mirror.
Mitre,
A white
fur
used in Peers' robes.
Always represented framed and with a handle.
A crown or cap
of Bishops and Abbots.
since the Reformation, the mitre has not been
upon
their heads, but
wise variously borne.
coming
purpose
into use,
it
was
it
In England,
worn by Bishops
painted on their carriages, and other-
is
The
pastoral staff of the Bishop
and probably the mitre
will
originally intended.
A
terminating
a
Monarch. The chief ruling power of a community.
cross,
Molitie.
of
Monarch
again
is
again be used for the
is
like
millrind.
The
title
sometimes hereditary, and sometimes conferred
after election, as in the case of the
Monogra7n.K
Pope.
single initial or other letter, also a
of several
initials
combination
or letters, arranged as to
form a single compound device.

church of
Mary,
St.
at
Bury
the ceiling of the eastern
St.
In the
Edmunds,
compartment of
the south aisle, once the chantry of
Baret,
is
richly painted
beautifully
drawn
enclosing the
Lancastrian,
I.
John
and diapered with
collars of SS, each collar
monogram
of this zealous
B.
Montem C//j/^w. A triennial procession

No. 254.- Monogram and
Collar of SS op John BaRBT, Bury
St.
Edmunds.
at
Eton College,' discontinued about
years agO.
thirty
'
GLOSSARY,
The moon
Moon.
to
is
variously borne in Heraldry.
be in her complement, or
crescent
175
///
plentitude,
when her horns point toward the
when
She
at the full
She
chief.
when her horns point to the sinister, and i7icrescent,

when her horns point to the dexter.
Moor Cock. The male of the black game.
is
is
said
she
is
decrescent
or in increment,
The heraldic term
Moor's Head.
This charge
is
for the
head of a negro man.
generally placed in profile, and wreathed about the
forehead.
Morion.
visor
cap worn by a man-at-arms.
steel
It
has neither
nor beaver.
Morse.
Morse.
A clasp, usually encircled with varied ornamentation.

See Sea-Lion.
Mortar.
Mortier.
See Pestle a?id Mortar.
A cap of
Funeral
estate.
Mortcours.
chandlers'
Motto.
lamps, borne in the arms of the
A word or sentence which accompanies a coat of arms
or badge.
Mottoes
there was
no badge,
used as a war-cry
originally
of the Nevilles
is,
belonged to the badge, and when
to the crest.
it
In
battle, the
motto or mot was
generally bore reference to the family name,
the badge, or crest, or to
"Ne
some charge on the

vile velis j" that
of
shield.
The motto
Vernon, "Ver non
These two instances may be classed

Some mottoes take the form of a prayer.
Mound. The ball or globe surmounting a crown.
semper
Wax-
Company.
viret."
with punning
mottoes.
globe
is
represented bearing a cross, generally a cross pattee.
William the Conqueror

by a mound.
seal of
This
ball or
The
represents a crown surmounted
Mullet or i^//<?/. Supposed by some writers to have had-
its
HERALDRY,
176
origin in the rowel of a spur
but this can scarcely be
Mullet appears before the introduction of spurs.
It
sometimes pierced or voided, but when
so,
and
is
Some
described as such.
so, as
the
has five points,

it
is
generally
ancient writers contend that the Mullet
should invariably be pierced.

with the star^ which generally
The Mullet must not be confused

The Mullet is one
has six points.
of the marks of cadency.
Mullet
is
also a term for a fish.
Mural Crown.
circle of
gold embattled, borne sometimes as
a charge, but more generally as a

occurs in arms granted to officers
selves in sieges
and
it is
mural crown often
who have
distinguished tliem-
crest.
intended to represent the ancient
distinction for bravery in ascending the walls of
Roman
fortress.
Covered with a representation of masonry.

A dark brown colour.
Muschetors. Ermine, without the usual three black
Muraille.
Murrey or Sanguine.
spots.
Naiant or Natant, applies

on a
to a fish
swimming or
set fesse-wise
shield.
Naissant.
An animal
rising or issuing
from the middle of an
ordinary.
Narcissus.
Naiant.
A flower of
six petals,
not unlike the cinquefoil.
See Naiant.
A crown composed of
Naval Crmvn.
placed alternately on a circle or
fillet.
sails
and stems of
ships,
In the end of the past and
the early part of this century, the naval crown appears in numerous
grants of arms for distinguished maritime services.
Nebuly or Nebulee.
'*
partition line running in
and out
like the
dovetail joint."
Neptune.
tridenf".
Represented
as half
man and
half
fish,
holding a
GLOSSARY.-
Said of the
Nened.
fibres of Jeaves
177
when of a
different tincture
from the leaves.
The glory round the head of a

Noblemen. Dukes, Marquesses,
Viscounts,
Nimbus.
saint.
Earls,
Sir James
Lawrence
(" Nobility of the British
and Barons.
Gentry
")
gives
it
a wider sense, and says, any one having armorial bearings.
One of the three Kings-of-Arms.

Twisted into a knot.
Norroy.
Nouied.
Oak.
The
emblem' of
often borne as charges
Oak-trees and branches are
strength.
and
crests.
Obsidtonal Crcnvji. A garland formed of twigs and grasses.

Of the Field. The same tincture as the field
Of the First. Oi the same tincture as that first specified.
See
The emblem of peace and concord.
Ombrk or Adumbrated. A shadowed or outlined charge.
Ondee. Wavy.
Ongle. Armed.
Ogress.
Pellet.
Olive-tree.
On
Degrees.
Said of a cross placed on
Opinicus.K
steps.
fictitious heraldic being, half
See Debruised.
The metal gold, represented
dragon and half
lion.
Oppressed.
Or.
Ordinaries.
in engravings
by
dots.
The principal bearings in coat armour.
A pillow or cushion.
One of the subordinaries, a
Oreiller.
Orle.
diminutive of the bordure,
but detached from the outer side of the shield.
should be eight bezants in
orle.
Ostrich Feathers. OnQ of the badges of

feathers are blazoned
2,
An orle of bezants
plume
(see also Flume).
feathers are always represented
Henry
The
VI.
Three
tops of ostrich
bending over.
12
HERALDRY.
178
OUer. The amphibious animal of

a
this
name, often borne with
mouth.
fish in his
Over all or Stcr
le tout.
Said of a bearing surmounting or placed
over others.
See Displayed.
Expanded, ready for
The emblem of wisdom, always borne
Ox-yoke. The coupled collars used when oxen are
Overt.
flight.
Owl.
full-faced.
employed
for hauling.
Generally borne of square form.

One of the ordinaries, consisting of a band
Padlock.
Pale.
tically in the
middle of the
shield.
placed in the direction of a pale.
middle
is
In pale
is
placed ver-
when
down the
said of charges
shield divided
said to h^ parted per pale.
Pale^vays.
Placed
in the direction of a pale, that
is,
set in a
vertical positiort.
Pall.
The upper
It takes its
bishops.
subordinary or a charge in form like the letter Y.
part of a saltire conjoined to the lower part of a pale.
name from
This charge
the archiepiscopal vestment

is
Sees of Canterbury, Armagh, and Dublin.

Pall
is
worn by Arch-
borne in the arms of the archiepiscopal
As a vestment,
a narrow circular band of white larab's-wool, which
is
the
ad-
justed about the shoulders, and has two similar bands hanging
down from
it,
the one before
and the other behind.
Pallet. K diminutive of the pale, and of one-half

Palmer's or Pilgrim's Staff.A straight
top.
With
this is generally
and
its
width.
knob
at the
of vertical lines, the spaces
colour.
Paly Bendy. VQ\y crossed by diagonal

the sinister.
with a
borne the palmer's scrip or bag.
Paly.DWidQd by an equal number

alternately of metal
staff
lines
from the dexter to
GLOSSARY.
Generally
Panther.
issuing from
mouth,
its
Papal Crown.
179
represented full-faced.
it is
blazoned
set
A plume of
upright, so as to
regarded as a
Partition
lines.
fire
mound and
cross pattee.
feathers, generally those of the peacock,
form a
crest.
The Panache was almost
always
(No. 255.)
crest.
Crest of John, Lord Scrope, K.G., from
No. 255. Panache.
with
mitre-shaped cap, encircled by three
red,
Marquess' coronets, and surmounted by a

Panache.
When
incensed.
his Stall-Plate.
Lines cutting or dividing the shield
the direc-
tion of these lines corresponds with the Ordinaries, as party per

fesscj
party per bend^XhdX
direction of
fesse, or
and sometimes
parted by a line running in the
Lamb
Pascuant.
lines are
sometimes
Divided after the heraldic manner.

Holy Lamb. A white lamb, passant,
or
sented as carrying the banner of
Passant.
These
plain,
irregular.
Party or Parted.
Paschal
is,
a bend.
St.
George.
Grazing.
Walking, with head in
Passant Guardant.
profile.
Walking, with the face
affrontee,
122
repre-
HERALDRY.
[8o
Walking and lookmg

Part of the insignia of the episcopal
Passant Reguardant.
.
is
Pastoral Staff.
back.
The
Pastoral Staff
him
carried turned inwards; whereas
is
A vexillum^
outwards.
by an Abbot, but the crook
also borne
borne
in the
by a Bishop
or scarf, hangs from almost
tions of the Pastoral Staff, encircling

is
its
shaft
It
is
Patrick, St.,
representa-
Pastoral Staff
Crosses.
family.
original
of.
now
by
carried
See
The
arms of a
Order
An Order of Knighthood, established
Paternal Arms.
It
all
The
is
it
arms of Westminster Abbey, &c., &c.
Paternoster^ Pattee, Patonce, Patriarchal.
1783.
office.
of metal, ivory, or wood, with a curved head or crook.
staff
consists of the Sovereign, the
in
Grand Master, and
twenty-two knights.
Pauldron.
Paw,
Armour
to defend the shoulder.
The foot only, of an animal.
Pawne.
See Peacock.
Borne
Peacock.
in profile.
sented affrontCy and with
Pean.
One
sable ground
of the heraldic
and gold
When
its tail
blazoned in pride
it is
repre-
fanned, or spread circularly.

furs, similar to
ermine, but with a
spots.
Pea-stalk, having leaves and flowers.

The ancient term in Heraldry for white.
A baker's wooden drawing-shovel.
Peer. The
given to every nobleman of
Pea-Pise.
Pearl.
Peel.
title
There are
degrees of Peerage,
five
viz.,
Great Britain.
Dukes, Marquesses, Earls,
Viscounts, and Barons.

Pegasus.
A rampant horse with wings.
Pelican
is
represented with
neck embowed, wings endorsed,
wounding her breast with her beak.

her blood, she
is
When
blazoned in her piety.
feeding her young with
GLOSSARY
Pelicaiis
Head.
With
this
i8r
charge the neck
is
represented em-
bowed.
Pellet or
it
this
Ogress. A black roundel.
Tendent or Pendant.
Pemted.
English heralds alone give
French and other heralds
name.
Said
roundels
call all
torteaiix.
Dropping or hanging from the charge.
of a feather,
when
the shaft or quill
is
of a
different tincture.
Penner and Inkhorn.
An ancient pen and ink holder (No. 256).
No.
A small
flag with
Pennon was
carried
Penno7i.
ages the
No.
256,
one or two
257.
by a knight upon
bore his badge or personal device.

placed, that they were in position
In the middle
points.
his lance,
and
it
The badge or charges were so

when the lance was held hori-
zontally.
Pennoncelle.
Per.
A small pennon.
By means
of,
or after the
manner of
before an ordinary, to denote a partition of the
Generally used
field.
Perelose.K demi-garter.
See Pierced.
The barbed head of a spear or arrow, engrailed on the
Perforated.
Pheon.
inner side.
The
point of the spear
is
placed in
base.
(No. 257.)
Phoenix. A fabulous bird, represented issuant from flames.
HERALDRY,
i82
Pierced.
Perforated and showing the
the aperture
is
Piety, in her.
not given,
When
field.
the shape of
circular.
it is
Said of the pelican when feeding her young with
her blood.
Pike.l!\iQ. fish of this
Pile.
An ordinary
name,
in the
in
Heraldry generally called
middle base
chief,
and tapering to a point
Some
heralds class the Pile with the subordinaries.
Pilgrim.
on
in the
of the shield.
Represented with a sleeved under-vest, and long outer
robe with open sleeves

shell
luce.
shape of a wedge, issuing from the
a broad-brimmed hat, ornamented with a
his feet sandals,
and
in his
hand a
staff.
Divided ho^h pile-wise and bend-wise.

Planta-Genista. The broom plant, the famous badge
Pily Bendy.
Plantagenet
broom
is
golden blossoms, and
the
This badge was assumed by Geoffrey
family.
Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, the founder of the

sprig of the
of
represented with
its
family.
spike-like leaves,
its
A
its
pods, the latter sometimes open and dis-
closing their seeds.

Plate.
silver roundel,
termed bezants
argent.
Playing-tables.
Plentitude.
represented
Semee of Plates
A backgammon
is
flat;
m foreign
termed Plattee.
table.
Said of the moon when represented
Plume of Feathers.
were generally
Until the end of the
set upright, in
Heraldry
full.
fifteenth century these
a conventional manner, and
after-
wards they were waving plumes.
Pods of Beans, &c.
and show
Point.
shield,
When used as charges, the pods are open,
their seed.
A chevron-shaped charge, issuing
and tapering to the
Hanover (formerly
fesse point.
from the base of the
It occurs in the
part of the Royal arms of England).
arms of
GLOSSARY.
Points of a Label.
The
183
pendants.
Points of the Shield. T\\q. parts denoting the position of any

(See Chapter on Shields.)
figure.
Pommelled,
sword,
when
Said
of the round ball affixed to the handle of a
of a different tincture.
mel of the sword-hilt that
Black Prince,
is
at Canterbury,
spirited representation of
No. 258 represents the Pom-
sculptured with the effigy of the
and which
is
charged with a most
lion's face, the face of the true heraldic
lion.
No, 25S. Pommel of the Swokd-hilt of the Black Prince,
Pomme.
A green roundel.
Pommee.
A form of
Popinjay. K green
Porcupine.
The
Pot.
Speechly or Speechle bear
this for
crest.
steel head-piece.
horizontal bars.
The
and beak.
represented passant, with quills raised.
A castle gateway.
Portcullis.
in the
cross.
parrot, with red legs
Generally
family of
Port.
Canterbury Cathedral.
frame or grating formed of
The lower ends
upper angles are
Portcullis
rings,
was a device of
five vertical,
and four
of the vertical bars are pointed
from which are suspended chains.
Henry
one of the badges of the Neville
VII.,
family.
and was, and
The
Portcullis
is
is
now,
also
HERALDRY.
84
borne as a charge
&c.
Portcullis
is
appears in the arms of Westminster City,
it
of one of the pursuivants of the College
title
of Arms.
Potent.
The heraldic fur of

One of the
this
name.
divisional lines,
Potentee,
which
is
formed by a
suc-
cession of crutch-shaped figures.
Pots are represented as three-legged iron pots, or cauldrons.
Pouldron.
See Pauldt'on.
Powdered, Semee, or Poudree.
Said of an
indefinite
number
of
charges scattered or sprinkled over the field (No. 207, page 100).
Preene.
A cloth-dressing instrument.
used by English heralds,
A
Premier.
title
to signify the
most
ancient creation of a Peer of any degree.

Prester or Presbyter John.
Represented
seated on a tomb, his dexter
as a mitred Bishop
hand extended, and
in his sinister
a mound, and holding in his mouth a sword.

Pretence, Shield
centre,
of,
small shield pretended or placed in the
upon the face of the
generally borne
on a small
shield.
The arms
shield of preteticc,
of an heiress are
and placed upon the
shield of the husband.
Preying.
Devouring
its
prey.
The
Haynes,
family of
of
Whittlesea, Co. Cambs., bears for a crest an eagle preying on a

tortoise.
Pride, In.
Primate.
With spread
tail.
The rank next below that of a patriarch
in the
Church.
In England, both our Archbishops are Primates, one of England
and the other of

sarily
all
England; but an Archbishop
is
not neces-
a Primate.
Prince.
title
now
of Kings and Emperors.
generally applied to sons
In England the term
is
and grandsons
now
only applied
GLOSSARY.
to the
title
of
Prince of Wales
is
created by
Formerly the Bishops of Durham were Princes
a special patent.
and
The
Royal family.
185
were surmounted with a coronet.
their mitres
Strictly,
in
Heraldry, Dukes, Marquesses, and Earls are Princes.
Frivy
and
to
Seal.
The
seal attached to grants of
more important ones which
minor importance,
are afterwards to pass the great
seal.
Proper.
The true or natural colour.

See Spur.
Pryck-Spir.
Purfl^d.
Garnished.
Purflew or Purflen.
a bordure of
Purpure.
Said of the studs of armour
from the armour
different tincture
An old
term to express the embroidery of
fur.
The colour
In engraving purpure
purple.
sented by diagonal lines from the
occurrence
Purse.
when of a
itself.
in
left
to the right.
is
repre-
It is of rare
English Heraldry.
Represented as worn in the middle ages suspended from
the girdle.
Pursuivant.
An
lowest degree.
an
office
officer of the
Originally
Herald's College of the third and
was an order of probation, and was
it
from which the heralds and Kings-of-Arms were made.
There are
in the College of
Arms
Blue Mantle, Rouge Dragon, and
Queen Elizabeth,
his coat as
Pyot.
is
and behind,
The
Pursuivant
Rouge Croix,
that they might not be mis-
now wears
for
wearing
his coat as
does
not entitled to the SS chain worn by heralds.
A magpie.
A winged serpent.
Python.
to the time of
In 1576 Rouge Croix was censured
a herald.
a herald, but he
Up
the Pursuivants wore their tabards having the
sleeves hanging in front
taken for heralds.
four Pursuivants
PortciUlis.
HERALDRY.
86
Quadrate.
Quarter.
Squared.
One
now
of the ordinaries, or subordinaries,
super-
seded by the canton.

Quartered.
Divided.
The several
Quarterings.
Quartering was very

Quarterly.
little
Divided
marshalled
coats
in use
on one
shield.
the fifteenth century.
till
into four quarters
than four sections, in which case the
also,
number
is
divided into more

to
be
specified in
the blazon, as quarterly of six^ quarterly of eighty &c., &c.
Quarterly Quartered.
Is said of a
saltire
quartered in
and the four arms of which are each parted by two
A four-leaved
and represented without a

Quatrefoil Slipped.
The
quatrefoil is a very
Queue.
The
tail
grass,
formed of four curved
leaves,
stalk.
quatrefoil having a stalk attached to
common
it.
charge in armorial bearings.
of an animal.
Queue fourchee or Double-Queue.
Having a forked
No. aso Arms op Hesss Darmstadt. Az., a lion queue fourch6e

flrg. andgu. crovmed or, and holding in his dexter paw a sword ppr.,
.
Quill.
centre,
(See also page i8.)
tures, alternately arranged.
Quatrefoil.
its
different tinc-
An instrument on which
is
tail
(No. 259).
ramf>t.. barry often

hilt and pommel or.
wound yam, gold
thread, &c.
GLOSSARY.
It
must be expressed
in the blazon
187
whether the
quill
be
filled or
unfilled.
Used
A
See
Qidlled.
to denote the tincture of the quills or feathers.
tilting
Qiiintai7i.
Qiiintcfoil.
post used in mediaeval games.
Cinqiie-foil.
A case
with arrows.
See Fire-beacon.
Quiver of Arrows.
Rack-pole beacon.
filled
See Rayontik.
A having serrated
as
from
Rainbow. Represented
Ram. The Ram, Heraldry, generally treated conventionally.
Radiant.
Ragidy or Ragulee.
projections.
line
issuing
naturally,
in
Abbot Ramryge, of
supporters,
and
clouds.
is
St.
in the
Albans, assumed and bore rams as his
Abbey of
tured examples of the heraldic
See Battering-ram.
Rampant. Standing
Albans some beautiful sculp-
St.
Ram
exist.
Ra7n.
erect
on the hind-legs ; a term applied
the lion and other beasts of prey.
sented elevated, and the head in

Rapier.
A narrow stabbing
One
of the fore-legs
is
to
repre-
profile.
sword.
See Erased.
Raping or Rapin. Preying.
name.
Raven. The bird of
Ras'ee.
this
Borne by the family of
CORBETT.
Rayonne or Radiant. ^llsL\mg
rays issuing from the edge of the
charge or ordinary.
Rays.
heraldic
straight
When
Rays
drawn round a
figure of the disc of the sun,
are sixteen in number,
and
tiiey
are akernately
and wavy.
Rebated.
Broken or cut
off at the point.
Rebus. In Heraldry a charge having an
allusion to the liearer s
HERALDRY.
88
Devices or charges allusive to the name of the bearer were
name.
very
common
in the
middle ages.
In Westminster Abbey,
Abbot
two forms of
his
one a man
falling
human
and a
IsLip's chapel gives
from a
tree, exclaiming,
"
I slip
"
Rebus
the other a
eye,
small branch or slip of a tree.

Rec7'cellee.
Reed.
Curled.
See Stay.
Reflected or Reflexed.
Red Hand.
Turned or bent backwards.
sinister
hand, erect, open, and couped
the arms
of Ulster, and the distinguishing badge of Baronets.

Regalia.
The ensigns of royalty, dignity,

The
those of a coronation.
or office,
more
espe-
Regalia of England, before the Refor-
mation, was in the keeping of Westminster Abbey, and
it
is still
presented to the Sovereign, at the coronation, by the Dean.
Reguardant.
Looking back.
A stag with double

Out of proper
Respectant or
Two
Reindeer.
attires.
Removed.
position.
its
Respecting.
beasts (not of prey) rampant
face to face.
See Clarion.
Intertwined frette-wise.
Reversed. A charge with the upper part turned downwards.
Riband. A diminutive of the bend.
similar to a
Rest.
Retorted.
It is
but
is
couped
Making ready
Broken, or interrupted.
Rising or Roussant.
Rompu.
Rose.
cotise,
at the extremities.
In Heraldry the
Rose
is
for flight.
represented in a conventional
form, generally with ten leaves (No. 261), but sometimes with only
five
(No. 260).
upon the outer
When
five.
there are
The
rose
ten, five
is
are represented within or
never drawn with a
stalk, unless
GLOSSARY.
As
expressed in the blazon.

argent,
it is
it is
sometimes gules, and sometimes
not blazoned /r^/ifr; but
and seeded proper^' and then the barbs

and the seeds gold or
Plantagenets
that of
House
An example
York.
it is
often blazoned
are to
of
^^
barbed
be represented green,
The Red Rose was
yellow.
of the
189
the badge of the
Lancaster, and the White Rose
of the heraldic Rose, with foliage,
occurs carved upon an oak bench-end, in the chancel of Pulham,

in Norfolk.
The monument
Henry VH.
of
nowned
is
in
Westminster Abbey to the memory
adorned with beautiful specimens of
this re-
historical badge.
No.
No. 260.
No.
261.
262.
Roses of York and Lancaster.
House
Rose-en-soleil.~ThQ rose argent of the
rounded with
rays, as of the
Roiielle-Spur.
See Spur.
Rottge Croix.
The
the
title
of York, sur-
sun (No. 262).
of one of the pursuivants belonging to
Enghsh College of Arms.
The
period of the institution of
Rouge Croix is not certain, but it is believed to be the most ancient.

The title is derived from the Red Cross of the patron saint of
England.
Rouge Dragon.
The
title
lege of Arms, founded by

nation.
Henry
of one of the pursux
Henry VII.
VII. used a
nts of the Col-
immediately before his coro-
Red Dragon
as
one of
his supporters.
HERALDRY,
I90
Routidel ox Koundlet.K charge of a circular form.
have special indicative names, according to their

roundel or
blazoned a bezant ; a roundel
is
foreign Heraldry these distinctive
names
ar.
Roundels
tinctures, viz.
a plate, &c., &c.
a
In
are not given, neither are
they in Scotch Heraldry.
Fowei.
Part of a spur.
Euby.ThQ
Rudder.
ancient blazon {or gules or red.
A badge of the Lords Zouche.
The
tiller
and
stays
are generally blazoned of a different tincture.
Rue, Chaplet or Wreath

It
of.
A charge
in the
arms of Saxony.
resembles a coronet placed bend-wise, and
blazoned a bend archee

treflee vert.
On
the continent
it
is
sometimes
a coronet extended in bend, or a bend
coronette,
it
is
blazoned a crancelin (a small
garland.)
A pierced lozenge.
Rustre.
Sable.
Black
tical lines
Sacre.
represented in engraving by horizontal and ver-
crossing each other.
See Saker.
Sagittarius. ^Qt Cefitaur.

Sail.
Sails are generally represented in
Heraldry with a portion
of the mast before them.
Saint George's
navy.
It is the
a Union Jack
mign. The
red cross of
St.
distinguishing flag of the British
George upon a white
Saint Andrew's Cross.
See
surrounded by
with
Saltire.
A kind of
Salamander. A fabulous monster,
Saker.
field,
in the dexter chief corner.
falcon.
flames.
Earl Douglas, K.G.,
A golden
the
first
into the Order of the Garter,
generally depicted passant,
Salamander
is
the crest of James,
Scottish noble
and who died
who was
a.d.
1483
elected
this ani-
GLOSSARY.
mal
is
[91
represented on the Garter-plate of the Earl as breathing
flames (No. 263).
No.
Salient or Saliant.
263.
In the act of springing.
It is similar to
rampant, but with two paws up and two down.

Solid.
A mediaeval metal helmet.
Sail-cellars.-Cuips
Salt-cellars are
borne
Saltire or Saltier.
also called a St.
represented with
in the
arms of the
salt
One of the honourable
Andrew's Cross.
The
falling
Salters'
Saltire
from them.
Company.
ordinaries.
is
This
is
formed by a bend
dexter and a bend sinister crossing each other, like the letter X.
The
Saltire
contains one-fifth
of the
field,
but one-third when
charged.
Saltire-wise.
As a
saltire.
When
are placed saltire-wise, the sinister

Saltorels.
Small
is
two swords or other charges

generally placed uppermost.
saltires.
Sandal or Brogue.
foot covering.
Stained with blood.

Sanglier. The boar.
Sanguine. Murrey, or blood colour
Sanglant.
sing each other saltire wise.

Sa?is
Nombre.
Sapphire.
represented by lines cros-
This tincture
is
of rare occurrence.
See Powdered.
The ancient blazon
for azure or blue.
HERALDRY.
192
Saracen. QtXitxzSiy represented wreathed about the temples.
Cut through the middle.

An ancient blazon
Sarcellee.
Saturn.
for sable or black.
Satyr. K fabulous monster composed of the
man
A man
lion
and antelope,
and having the face of an old

Savage or
Wild Man.
wreaths round the head and
loins,
naked,
represented
or with
and bearing a club
in
one
Savages are frequently borne as supporters^ especially in
hand.
Scotch armoury.
Scaled.
Said
of a
fish,
when
the scales differ in tincture from
the fish itself

Scaling- Ladder.
ladder having two hooks at the upper end,
and generally placed bend-wise on a
shield.
The
family of
Grey
bear the Scaling-Ladder for a crest (No. 264).
No.
Scallop.
A kind of
shell,
264.
supposed to have been introduced into
Heraldry by the pilgrims who bore

Scarf.
A small
a charge,
tlie
Scarf
is
Scarpe or Escarpe.
half
its
it
as a
banner attached to a
badge (see
crozier.
Escallop).
When
borne as
generally represented in bend.
A diminutive of the bend
sinister,
and one-
breadth.
Sceptre. Pl
staff;
the symbol of Royal authority,
ancient ensign of sovereignty.
and the most
GLOSSARY.
193
Scimitar. K weapon like the falchion, but narrower and more

curved.
Scintillatit.
Scorpion.
Scotch
Scrip.
Scrog.
Sparkling, or emitting
The reptile of
sparks.
name, borne with head
this
Spur or Pryck-Spur. See Spur.

A pouch used by pilgrims.
A branch of a
One of the ornaments of a
tree.
shield,
Scroll.
is
The scroll and motto
written.
the motto has

either
in chief.
some
whereon the motto
are placed below the shield, unless
special reference to the crest
it
then stands
above the achievement, or between the shield and
Scrlittle.
Scut.
See
The
crest.
Wi?inounng- Van.
tail
of a hare, or rabbit.
Saitcheon. See Escutcheon.

Sea-Dog.
tail,
tail
A dog
like the talbot, with a fin
like that of the beaver, the
from the head to the
body and
legs scaled,
and
a mane, the
feet
the feet webbed.

Sea-Horse.
horse with a
webbed, and the hinder part

Sea-Lion.
Seal.
Half
lion
Represented
and
fin
like
half
in place of
fish's tail.
fish.
naturally in Heraldry; generally blazoned
sea-wolf.
Seax.
A broad curved
blade, notched at the back.
Applied to the centre of the heraldic rose.

Segreant. Said of a
erect, with spread wings.
Seeded.
griffin
In a
Addorsed.
Sejant
and facing the

Strewed or
Sejant or Segeant.
Seja?it
sitting posture.
Sitting
Affro?ite.
back to back.
Sitting with the fore-paws
extended sideways,
spectator.
Seffiee.
scattered with
any charge or object.

13
field
HERALDRY.
[94
thus covered with charges has the appearance of a pattern, or as

if it
had been cut out of a larger
Seraph's Head.
surface.
head adorned with three pairs of wings.
child's
Serpents are borne

A torteau.
Seruse or
Shackle. A horseshoe-shaped
Serpent.
involved,
erect,
and nowed.
Cerise.
through which a bolt passes.
iron, with
This
is
an eye
each end,
at
sometimes erroneously con-
fused with the handcuff 2Xidi fetterlock.

Shack-bolt or Shackle-bolt.
See
Shafted. Having a shaft;

also applied to a feather
Fetterlock.
said of a spear, arrow, &c.
when
term
the quill or shaft differs in tincture
from the remainder of the feather.

Shake-fork.
Shamrock.
A charge resembling a
The
national
pall,
emblem of
but humetteezxi^ pointed.
Ireland.
trefoil
or
three-leaved grass.
Sheaf.
of
com
A
is
Sheldrake.
sheaf
bird of the duck genus, in which the hind-toe
has no pendent membrane.
a goose and a duck.

It is
term applied to a bundle of three arrows.
termed a garb.
The
sheldrake
is
said to
This bird does not often occur
be between
in Heraldry.
borne by the family of Jackson, March, Co. Cambs., and
Highgate, Co. Middlesex.

Shield.
depicted.
armour on which heraldic bearings are
piece of
The
shield
Shield of Pretence.
is
treated of in another part of this work.
Feudal arms are often placed on a
pretence in the insignia of Elective Sovereigns,
arms
who bear
in surtout over those of their dominion.
Hanover the crown of Charlemagne

some years the Hanoverian
insignia
is
shield of
their
own
In the arms of
placed in surtout, and for
was borne on a shield of
pre-
tence in the centre of the Royal arms of England (see Pretence).
GLOSSARY.
195
Ship. OngmzWy represented by the ancient

years ships of a
more
modem
galley , but of late
character have been used in He-
raldry.
Shoveller. A kind of duck.
The well-known Hungerford badge.

The heraldic term the of a
and Garb.
Sickle
Sijtgle.
for
deer.
tail
\
'
Shuttle.
Hanks. Small bunches of silk twisted into a knot.

The left side of the shield, that is, that which
Silk
Sinister.
the bearer's
Sinople.
Six-foil.
left side,
and
See
A flower of
covers
the spectator's right.
lies to
Vert.
six leaves or cusps.
A small twig with three
Slay.
Slip.
leaves.
S/?/>/^y. Represented as having a stalk.
Snake.
See
Soarifig.
Serpe?it.
As the word implies,

Herald. One of the
flying aloft.
six heralds of the College
So77ierset
The ancient heraldic term

Soldering-iron. A plumber's
Sol.
cf Arms.
iox gold.
tool,
borne
in
the arms of the
Plumbers' Company.
Spancelled.
Fettered.
hind-leg secured
Spear.
The
by
Said of a horse having one fore and one
fetterlocks.
tilting spear.
Spears are variously borne.
One
is
borne on a bend by Shakspeare.
Said of the stag when running.

Tents.
Sphinx. A fabulous monster, composed of parts of a
Speed, At.
Spervers.
lion, bird,
and woman.
Splendour.
The sun
is
said to be in
its
splendour
when
13-2
it
is
HERALDRY.
196
encircled with rays,
and
represented with a
is
human
face in the
centre.
Sprig.
sprig, in
Heraldry, consists oi five leaves.
Springing. The same as
salient,
but referring only to beasts of
the chase.
Spur.
The
earliest spur,
both in actual use and represented in
This was generally made of
Heraldry, was the "Pryck Spur."

bronze, and
it
had a
single goad-like point.
spur, having a great wheel,
About
began to supersede the
a.d. 1320, the
earlier form,
shortly after, the true Rouelle spur, having the wheel spiked,
The
appearance.
its
and
made
use of spurs, in the middle ages, was allowed
only to knights, and was one of the emblems of knighthood.
won knighthood and
Gallant conduct
and
spurs, in the days of chivalry,
the degradation of a knight brought the loss of his spurs.
host, tired of his guest, would, in the
the knight's spurs served to
Square- Pierced.
him on a
days of knighthood, have
dish.
charge perforated so as to show the
field
through a square opening.
SS
Collar.
The
supporters, friends,
the
SS
collar
Henry VHI.
their
the wearing
was restricted to the degree of a knight.
Stafford Knot.
StagSy in
badge of the Lancastrian Princes, and
and dependants. By
One of the badges of the house of Stafford.
Heraldry, have several
Their antlers are
attires,
terms peculiarly their own.
the branches tynes.
They are blazoned
gaze, springing, courant, trippant, lodged, at speed, &c.,
at
&c. terms
not applied to animals generally.
Sta^s
Attires.
The horns and scalp of the
stag.
Stall-Plate. Bxd^s plates bearing the arms of a knight, affixed

to his stall in the chapel of the Order.
GLOSSARY.
Standard.
197
military ensign, originally allowed to
none of a
lower degree than a Knight Banneret.

Staple.
The iron fastening of
this
name, represented of square
form.
Star, Etoile, or Estoile.K star
points or rays >
when
there are
represented as having six wavy
is
more
rays than six they are generally
represented alternately wavy and straight.
been an ensign of knightly rank, and a

another always part of the insignia of
Star of India.
An Order of
all
The
star
star is in
has always
some form
or
the Orders of Knighthood.
Knighthood
instituted in 1861
by
Queen Victoria.
Starved.
Said of a branch having no
S/^/rt!///.
in
Standing on
a straight
all
leaves.^
four legs, both fore
and hind-legs being
line.
See Pilgrim's or Palmer's

A
head defence.
Stern. A term
the
of a wolf.
Staves.
Staff,
Steel Cap.
close-fitting
for
tail
Still. See Alembic.
Stirrup. Generally represented

Stock.
The stump of a
leat/iered a.nd buckled.
tree.
vestment.
Part of a
Said of the of a comet.
Stringed. Applied to harps, &c., when
Stole.
priest's
Streaming.
tail
tincture from the instrument.
the strings differ in
This term also
refers to the strings
or bands of a mitre.
Subordinaries are a group of devices, less simple and less im-
They are mostly formed of straight

The names and forms of this group are given in
portant than the Ordinaries.

or curved lines.
a separate chapter.
Subverted.
R eversed.
HERALDRY.
198
Sufflue.
See Clarion.
A given to a Bishop
Suffragan.
title
in his relation of subordi-
nation to the Metropolitan of the Province.
Sun. In Heraldry, generally represented with a human
face,
environed with rays, these rays generally being alternately straight
and wavy
when
so represented
In some instances
its spletidotir.
it
it
is
said to be in
its
glory or in
appears as shining from behind
a cloud, or as rising or setting, but such positions must be mentioned

in the blazon.
Supporters.
Figures placed on each side of a shield
tude of supporting
No. 265. Shield

1452, and
Tudor.
Surcoat.
it
in the atti-
(No. 265).
and Si'pportkrs of Jaspar Tudor, K.G., Earl of Pbmbroke in

Duke of Bedford; Second Son of Queen Catherine and Owen
in 1485
A loose coat worn over the armour.
It
was generally
GLOSSARY.
199
Many
charged with the armorial bearings of the wearer.
specimens remain of the monumental
Among
Aymer de Valence (who died
wearing the Surcoat.
Snr le
tout or Surtout.
effigies
these
may be mentioned
that of
Westminster Abbey.
in 1323), in
A charge,
Overall.
beautiful
of knights represented
or small escutcheon,
containing any coat of augmentation, placed over or upon the

shield.
Surmounted.
One bearing or charge placed upon another of a
different tincture.
Sustained.
sustained or,
Having a
narrow lower border; thus, a chief gu.y
would be a red
chief,
having a narrow lower border
of gold.
Swan.
proper^
The Swan
it is
often
and variously borne
De Bohuns.
It
and
his
chained,
was the badge
and
again, in a similar position,
founded by the same Thomas
seal of Pleshy College,
Duchess Alianore.
Swivel.
Two
they revolve
iron links connected
by a
bolt,
around which
borne by the Ironmongers' Company.
Sivord, in Heraldry,
blade,
when blazoned
appears upon the secretuni (No. 275), be-
tween the bases of two shields
upon the
and has some black about the
Such a Swan, ducally gorged and
nostrils.
of the
is
white, with red beak,
and pointed.
Swords are always
to
is
represented unsheathed, straight in the
The
hilt,
be specified
pommel, and accoutrements of

in blazon.
An engine used ancient warfare

Syren. See Mermaid.
the
use
Tabard. A military garment
in
Sivepe.
in
in
for
throwing stones.
fifteenth
and sixteenth
centuries, fitting close to the body, with large flap sleeves.
the front, back,
wearer
{i.e.,
and
sleeves were
On
emblazoned the arms of the
there were four distinct representations of the arms).
HERALDRY.
200
Representations of the Tabard remain on
mental
of
John Fitzalan,
in
its
armorial blazonry ^/^., a
Officers of
monu-
of the
is
that
This John was born in
No. 187 represents the Tabard of John
fesse or, behveen three eagles
In the present day the Tabard
displayed arg., guitees du sang.
worn only by
many
of the earliest of these
Arundel Church.
1407, and died in 1434.
Feld, with
One
of the period.
effigies
Arms, who wear
it
is
at great ceremonials,
embroidered with the arms of the Sovereign.

Tabernacle.
7^^//.-
instance, the
Th^
the
A pavilion or
-The
tails
of
tent.
many
animals have particular terms;
of the wolf
tail
direction of the
tail
is
is
the stern
Talbot.
of a deer, the
sometimes blazoned.
Duke of Northumberland
the
represented with his
lion coiuard is
tail
tail
for
&c.
In the crest of
of the lion
between
single,
is
extended.
his legs, &c.
A sort of hunting dog, between a hound and a beagle,

The Talbot dog
Earl of Shrewsbury, and two talbots ar.y
with a large nose, long, round, and thick ears.

is
the badge of the
are his supporters.
A round shield or buckler.

Adorned with
Tau. A charge resembling the Greek
Target.
Tasselled,
tassels.
letter
Taic.
This
is
thistle
used
in
generally called a Cross Tau.
Tawfley. See
Teazle.
Tenney.
The head or seed-vessel of a species of
cloth manufacture.
Tenants.
term sometimes used for
Human
Figures
when
supporting the shield.
Tenney or Tawncy.
The
tincture orange; represented in en-
graving by diagonal sinister lines and horizontal lines crossing
each other.
Tenney
is
of rare occurrence in English Heraldry.
GLOSSARY.
Some
English heralds do not admit this colour, but as Guillim
quotes two English families that have borne Tenney, to reject

it
would be unreasonable.
Tergiant.
Having the back displayed.

An Austrian military
Teutonic Knights.
and
religious
Order,
instituted at the time of the Crusades.

Thistle.
The
Emblem of
Scotland.
It is
now
represented as
growing on the same stalk as the rose and the shamrock.

Thistle^
Order
of.
A Scotch Order of Knighthood.

A three-legged
Threstle or Trestle.
TJiimderbolt.
stool.
Represented by two
played with streams of
Tiara.
triple
jagged darts, two wings
The Pope's Tiara
crown.
composed of a
is
cap of gold, encircled by three coronets, with a gold
Two
cross
on the
ends,
and semee of crosses of
Tiercee or
may be
top.
Per
tierce.
strings
gold,
at
the
hang from the cap.
Divided into three equal
parts.
shield
Three coats are sometimes
marshalled in one shield, under the blazon of
The
mound and
embroidered and fringed
tierce in pale, in fesse, &c.
Tilting Hebnct.
dis-
&c.
fire,
tierce
in pale.
helmet worn over the basinet, and
at-
tached to the armour by a ring and chain.

the arms of Shakspeare.
borne
A heavy
The helm, when placed above the
Heraldry.
used
and
The metals,
Tilting Spear.
Timbre.
shield.
colours,
Tinctures.
Toison d'or.
Topaz.
- Golden
Torqued.Vlxe2i{\\t6..
Toret.
Torse.
furs
in
fleece.
The ancient blazon
Torch. Qtxi^xzWy borne
in
lance,
for gold.
ififlajned
Twisted
or lighted.
in the
shape of a
A ring moving on a
The wreath placed on the helmet.
swivel.
letter S.
HERALDRY.
202
A red roundel, represented

Generally blazoned passant.
See Reguardant.
Touriiament. A mediaeval
spherical.
Torteau.
Tortoise,
Tourtiee.
military sport.
Toiver.
Generally represented as a circular embattled building,
with a door or port

Towered.
Said
of walls or castles having one or more small
towers or turrets on the top.

To7ver Triple-towered.
tower surmounted by three small
towers.
Trade Alarks.
Devices
adopted as distinguishing marks by
The merchants
manufacturers.
of the middle ages, to
whom
the
use of true heraldic insignia originally was not conceded, are sup-
posed to have generally employed them.

borne on
shields,
the arms of
A.D.
These marks were often
and they were often quartered
some mercantile
1524, at St. John's,
guild.
The
in a shield with
brass to
John Terri,
Maddermarket, Norwich, was a shield
which quarters the arms of a commercial guild with a merchp,nt's

mark.
In the present day the importance of Trade Marks
very great, and they possess a considerable personal value.

protection afforded
vents
and
piracy,
College of
Marks
the owners of these Trade
to
it
is
is
The
pre-
a matter of regret that the existing
Arms has not the power of granting the same prowho have honourably and legally obtained ar-
tection to those
morial bearings.
Transpierced.
Pierced
through.
Transfixed. See Transpierced.

Transfluejit.
Flowing
through.
This term generally refers to
the water represented falling through the arches of a bridge, as in

the seal of the Bridge wardens of Rochester Bridge.
GLOSSARY.
203
See Comiterchanged.
Having the
or natural position or arrange,
Transmuted.
Transposed.
ment
original
reversed.
Traversed.
Treflee.
Facing
to the sinister.
Adorned with
A
or flower
Trefoils.
Trefoil.
leaf
Treille or Latticed.
Treille differs from frette in that the
representing trellis-work.
pieces
having three cusps, generally borne
Murston Need Young, Baronet.

Narrow strips of wood crossing each other,
borne by Sir Will.
slipped^
do not interlace under and over.
They
are
all
nailed at
the intersections.
Tressiire.
and half
One
its
of the subordinaries, a diminutive of the orle,
breadth
arms of Scotland, and

is
blazoned yf^wry
esteem, and
descent.
it is
generally borne double.

it is
It is
borne in the
there ornamented with fleurs-de-lis, and
counter-fktiry.
This subordinary
is
held in great
very rarely granted to other than persons of Royal
The Double
Tressure was granted as an honourable
augmentation to the citizens of Aberdeen
for their loyal services
against the English.
Tricked. Axm% sketched in outline with pen and ink, and the
different tinctures written.
Tricolour.
flag of three colours.
Several of the continental
national ensigns are Tricolours.

Tricorporate.
This
is
said of a bearing representing the bodies
of three lions rampant, conjoined under one head guardant, in

the fesse point.
Trident.
with three prongs.

A barbed
Divided into three
fork,
Triparted.
parts.
Trippant or Tripping signifies the light movement of beasts of

the chase,
and they are represented with one
foot up.
This term
HERALDRY.
204
compares
yf\i\\
same way applies
passant, which in the
prey.
When
speed.
Counter-tripping implies that two or
a stag, &c., moves more rapidly,
chase are tripping past each other

Triple Plumes.
ifi
DON,
Shaped
See
postman's horn,
like a
at the extremity
it
trumpets in pile,
az., tiao
to beasts of
said to
be at
more animals of the
Three rows of feathers above each other.
The male of the mermaid.

Trononne. See Dismembered.
7>//;;//^/.
is
opposite directions.
Triton.
expanded
it
is
or.
borne
Merman and
a long
i.e.
Neptune.
straight tube,
arms of Trumping-
in the
These are sometimes erroneously
blazoned in pale.
Truncheon.
The
official
badge of the Earl Marshal of England,
consisting of a golden rod, tipped at each
end with gold enamel,
and having the Royal arms on the upper, and the Earl Marshal's
own arms on
the lower end.
Trundle. h.
quill of
thread for fixing in a shuttle.
Said of the main stem of a

The same preying, but applied only to
Tudor Rose. A combination of the Red and White Roses of
Trunked.
tree couped.
Trussing.
the
birds.
2.?,
Houses of York and Lancaster.
Sometimes the
charged upon the rose gules, and sometimes
it
rose argent
quarters the
is
two
tinctures.
Tun.
Tun
Often used as a rebus by
or Ton, as a bolt in a tun for
persons whose names end in
Bolton, an ash issuing from a
tun for AsHTON.

Turnpike.
A frame formed of three
bars, revolving
Turnstile.
vertical
and three horizontal
on the centre bar (No. 266).
As
tlie
foregoing, but raised
on a step or ibot-frame
(No. 267).
Turret.
A small tower surmounting a
castle.
GLOSSARY.
No.
7>/^/^^rt^. Applied
differs
to an animal
when
267.
the tincture of the tiisks
from the body.
Tyjies.
A term
for the
U/ster King-of-Arms.
The
No.
266.
205
stag.
officer for Ireland.
of Ulster was instituted in or about the year 1552, but'
office
a similar office,
under another
U/ster Badge.
gules.
branches of the horns of a
The principal heraldic
title,
existed long previously.
sinister ha?id open, erect, couped at the wrist,
This armorial ensign of the province of Ulster
tinguishing badge of Baronets,
Uinbrated or Adumbrated.
Undy. One
Ufidee or
Unguled.
Hoofed.
and
borne upon their
is
is
the dis-
shields.
Shadowed.
of the divisional
Said of hoofs
Undulating.
lines.
when
of a different tincture
from the animal.

U7iicorn.k fabulous beast resembling the horse, but with one
long horn projecting from
U7iion Jack.
Ireland,
and Scotland,
Union Jack
Upright.
is
its
forehead.
A combination of the national banners of England,

in
one
flag.
fuller description of the
given in another chapter.
Applied
to reptiles
and
shell-fish, as
rampant
is
to
animals.
Urchin.
See Hedgehog.
The reverse of
Urinant or Uriant.
Usher of the Black
Rod.kn
officer
hauriant
applied to
fish.
of the Order of the Garter.
HERALDRY,
2o6
Vair.
One of
the furs
is
it
represented as composed of rows
Vair occurs very often in
of small shields, alternately reversed.

early shields,
and
it
most probably bore
by means of varying the
rence,
part in effecting diffe-
any shield or of
Vair was used for lining garments, and
charge.
observes, that
pieces,
its
tincture of
when
furriers first
made
this lining,
they used small
most frequently of the azure colour, which they
white furs
rules of
and he
infers
from
those
that, that
who have
Heraldry decreed, in relation to Vair, that
any other tincture

Vairy.
it
must be expressed
felled to
settled the
this fur in its
and azure, but
natural blazon should be always argent
its
La Colombiere
there be
if
in the blazon.
Charged with Vairs.
Vallary
number of
Crmvn.K crown formed

flat
Vambraced or Umbraced.
Vamplate.
of a circle of gold, with a
pointed pieces surmounting
it
(No. 357, page 272).
An arm covered with armour.
A piece of steel on a
See Winnowing-vane.
Vannet. See Escallop.
Vmus. The ancient blazon
tilting spear, to protect
the hand.
Vane.
for vert.
Powdered or strewed with leaves or plants.

Verdon Knot. A
with the extremities couped.
The colour green, represented in engraving by diagonal
Verdke.
fret
Vert.
lines,
drawn from the dexter to the
sinister side of the shield.
^^/a/. Bent or bowed.
F<Tr^. See
Vervels or
Vair.
Varvels.
which the leash
is
The
rings at the
end of
jesses,
through
passed.
Verules or Verolles.
The rings encircling hunting horns.
Vested. H^h\Xtî.
Victoria Cross.
An
Order
instituted
by Queen Victoria
for
GLOSSARY,
eminent personal valmir.
It is
207
a Maltese cross of bronze, charged
with the Imperial crown and crest, with the motto " For Valour."
Vigilant.
In the attitude of watching for prey.
F/>(r^/^;//.
The
Originally an Earl's deputy.
title
or office of
Viscount was instituted when earldoms became hereditary.
now
xht fourth degree and
The
peerage.
Henry
hereditary
VI., a.d. 1440, to
Viscounfs Coronet.
Upon
title in
title
of Viscount was
granted by
circlet
of gold enclosing a velvet cap.

nifie
of which only are
in representations.
F^/V/<f^. Pierced, or
showing the
Voiders.
Vol.
first
John, Baron Beaumont, K.G.
the circlet a row of fourteen pearls^
shown
It is
the order of rank in the British
field
some
through.
part ot
the charge removed, and
(No. 76. page 31.)
Diminutives of Planches.
Two
wings of an eagle displayed, and conjoined, when
borne as a charge.
Volant.
Fly
in g.
F^r^;?/. Swallowing or preying.
Vulned.
Wake
Bleeding from a wound.

A badge formed from the
Knot.
initials
W and O, with
two lengths of ribbon or cord intertwined (No. 410, page 313).

Walled ox Muraillee. Covered with a representation of masonry.
Warwick Badge.
often
A Bear
makes mention of
in the Play of
Henry
Water Bouget.
this
and Ragged
Staff.
Shakspeare
cognizance of the Nevils, especially
VI., Part II.
mediaeval vessel for carrying water, formed
of two leather pouches appended to a cross bar or yoke (Nos.
268 to 271).
Wattled. Sba^ of the
ferent tincture
comb and
from the bird
itself.
gills
of a cock
when
of a dif-
HERALDRY.
2o8
No.
IVaijy.
is
also
Wave-like, represented
one of the
Wedge.
Wei?'^
Well.
No.
No. 26Q
268.
No. 271
270.
by three
generally
risings.
It
partition lines.
A triangular-shaped charge, with point

Weare^ or Haie. A wattle-fence dam.
Generally
represented
circular,
in
in base.
perspective
and
masoned.
Well Bucket.
A bucket having three
legs.
Welsh Barp.^tt Harp.

Wheatsheaf.
Generally termed a garb.

A wheel with eight spokes, and having eight
Wheels Catherine.
hooked knives on the periphery.

Whintain.
See Qtiintain.
Whirlpool.
Two
lines of azure
fesse point of the shield,
and
and
argent^
commencing
at the
alternately encircling each other to
the outer edge.
White Ensign.
Jack
in the
first
Wild Man.
at the waist
The
banner of St. George, with the Union
quarter.
Represented
naked, holding a club, and wreathed
and temples.
Windsor Herald. OnQ of the
six heralds
of the College of
their position
must be blazoned
Arms.
Wings are variously borne, and

as displayed, erect, &c.
GLOSSARY.
Winged.
tincture
is
Provided
used
husbandry.
in
and the
surcoat,
This term
with wings.
Fan, or Basket.
It
the wind
ailettes of
His motto was Sic dissipabo
(So will I scatter
the enemies of
my
winnowing implement
Sir R. de Setvans, in his brass at
that
is,
like chaft' before
king.)
A pack of wool, tied

See Chaplet or Garland.
Woolpack.
Wreath.
used when the
charged upon the shield, the
appears
Chartham, Kent, about a.d. 1305.

inimicos Regis mei.
is
from that of the bird.
different
Winnowing- Van
209
at
each corner.
The Wreath also refers

it is made of silk
the ornament which surmounts the helmet;
two colours, twisted or intertwined into a
The
to
of
solid wreath or roll.
colours are generally those of the chief tinctures of the shield.
Every
when
crest
is
it
chapeau.
is
now
represented as placed upon a Wreath, excepting
blazoned as issuing from a coronet, or placed upon a

Crests
and charges are sometimes encircled by a
Wreath, and so also are ordinaries.

Wreathed.
Adorned with a wreath.
Wyvern or Wivern.^K monster of the dragon order, but having

only two legs and feet j it has wings and a serpent-like tail, noiued
and
barbed.
Yoke.
See Ox-yoke,
The White Rose of the house of York.
York Rose.
York Herald. Ox\Q of the

Ztde.
six
Heralds of the College of Arms.
See Chess-Rook.
14
No. 272. Shield of John de Hastings, K.G., Earl of Pembroke,

De Hastings and De Valence, and impaling France ancient and England quarterly.
Quartering
CHAPTER
XV.
MARSHALLING.
MARSHALLING
Heraldic
Heraldry.
in
consists
Insignia
accordance with the rules of
in
Marshalling ot arms
bringing together different
is
the combination and proper
disposition of two, or
more coats of arms,
coats accoiiky or. side
by
uniting
them
side,
either
by arranging the
keeping the coats
distinct, or
by
in one.
The admission
of two or
more
families*
became usual during the reign of Richard
arms into one shield

II.
Until then, the
MARSHALLING.
shield
was limited
to the ancient coat, that
bearings, but the transmission

dignities, Avith their
211
is,
the simple hereditary
by hereditary descent of
several
appanages, and their concentration in single
bearers, called forth a system of recording or chronicling such
accumulation of honours.
Marshalling consists not only in the aggroupment of two or more
families' bearings in
one
of the arms, crest, supporters, and

into a
it
embraces the aggroupment
all
other honourable insignia,
but
shield,
complete heraldic achievement.
The methods
and the date
of Marshalling at different periods vary very much,
to
which any shield of arms belongs, may be known
by the system of Marshalling.

Placing two or more shields side by side
order of Marshalling, and
amples of
this
many
These
method.
is
the most simple
early seals give us excellent ex-
seals are divided geometrically into
compartments, and the shields of their eminent owners are placed

or Marshalled in the divisions,
pound
heraldic composition.
and they thus form a
The
seal of
single
com-
Joan, wife of John de
Warrenne, Earl of Surrey, though not more than one and

half inches in diameter,
ings,
each of which
the composition.
is
is
charged with nine distinct heraldic bear-
so placed that
The arrangement
diagram, No. 273.
The anus
centre compartment
is i,
Barr, az.^ crusillee^
two
it
takes a becoming part in
of this seal
are charged
Warrenne
given in the
is
upon lozenges;
2 2 are
England
in the
3 3 are
De
barbels haurient, addorsed or.^ within a bor-
dure engrailed gu. ; and in the four quatrefoils are Leon and Cas14
HERALDRY.
212
tile
alternately.
Barr
The
and Alianore of
Saint Quintin,
Castile
a.d. 1301,
aggroupment of several
diagram, No. 274.
No.
arg.
is
The
seal of
It is
shown
in the
accompanying
an early shield of Saint Quintin,
No.
273.
and vert.^ on afessegu.^
I.
Robert de
another good example of such an
shields.
is
Edward
eldest daughter of
and Leon.
three martlets or.
a maunchegu.; and 3 3 3 3
or.^
Henry, Count de
lady was daughter of
and Alianore,
(in France),
,-
274.
2 2 2 2 is Hastings,
Fitz-Walter,
is
r//^<^//^^
a fesse between
or.,
two chaTons gu,
(Vincent MS.
second daughter of
Edward I., was married to Gilbert de Clare,
Earl of Gloucester and

daughter, Elizabeth
DE Burgh,
of
Hertford; and
de Clare, became
eldest son of
seal is another interesting
aggroupment of several
pound composition
thirdly,
the wife,
and
of
first,
thus, in the central
youngest
of
John
secondly,
Roger d'Armori.
characteristic
distinct coats, so as to
Joan, the
their
Richard, Earl of Ulster
Theobold de Verdun; and
Her
SS. in Coll. Arm.)
example of the
form a single com-
compartment of the
seal
MARSHALLING.
is
Roger d'Armori,
the shield of
a bend
(Roll of E.
sa.
in chief
H.
to the dexter
III.
and
and of
Castile
E. II.,
of
and
the legend,
The
his
alternately.
275.
Thomas Plantagenet,
helm and
crest, i
his
the swan badge, 4
and
5.
seal
of Elizabeth, granddaughter of
Roger d'Amori,
usage of the
first
Edward
last
I.,
and
marriage with
bears a close resemblance to the seal of her
This seal (No. 276)
seal of the
of
Duchess, Alianore
daughter of the Joan already named, by her
mother.
youngest son
compartments, has his own
arms (Diagram No. 275,) 2; those of
De Bohun,
Verdun^ or,frettee
is
Clare; and at the four angles the
in its three principal
III.,
seal of the Baron's letter)
and Leon appears
No.
The secretum
of six ar. and gu.^
environed by the three lions of England;
sinister are
and Lion of
Edward
7ieburee
Ulster differenced by a label ; in base
is
gu. (Rolls of
Castle
II,),
barry
213
illustrates
the heraldic feeling and
half of the fourteenth century.
It
is,
with the
husband of Elizabeth d'Amori, John, Lord Bardolf,
attached to a deed, dated 1340.
The
seal contains nine
com-
HERALDRY.
214
partments
(rts:.,
the central circular one bears the shield of
three cinqiicfoils or), with Ulster (without
and base,
to the dexter Clare, to the sinister UAtJiori,
and Leon, as
seal
before, in the
Bardolf
any label) in chief
and
Castile
The
compartments of the angles.
of Elizabeth de Bury,
illustrated in "
Norfolk Archaeol."
another good specimen of this arrangement of
(V., 301), is
dif-
Nvwv-
W^^M.mw'
No. 276. Seal of Elizabeth, Lady Bardolf.
erent coats.
The
small seal of
DE Lascelles (No.
277),
is
No. 277. Seal of Matilda de Filliou
Matilda, daughter of Roger
another variety of this method of
grouping: in the years 1288 and 1293 she was married,
Sir W. de Hilton, and secondly
to Sir R.
cordingly, her seal has the shield of
Lascelles
lets gti.;
Hilton
arg.,
two bars
az.
first
de Filliol;
to
ac-
arg., three chap-
and Filliol
gii,y
lion
rampt. arg., over all a ben diet az.
The
counterseal of
Hereford, and
third
Humphrey de Bohun,
Earl of Essex,
fourth
Earl of
a.d. 1327, affords
an
ex-
MARSHALLING.
215
cellent illustration of that aggroiipment of shields, of
development was quartering.
which the
full
This seal (No. 279) bears a large
central shield for the Hereford
Earldom, between two smaller
ones (Nos. 278 and 280), and both of them qiuwterly^ or and ûksy
No.
No.
278.
No
for
279.
The same aggroupment
the Earldom of Essex.
appears upon the
280.
of
counterseal
John de Bohun,
of shields
the
fifth
Earl of Hereford.
In like manner, the seal of
folk,
who
shields, of
the
Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Nor-
died in banishment at Venice, a.d. 1400, bears three
which the central shield
Confessor
Brotherton
(a special
is
grant from
(Êngland, with
charged with the arms of
Richard
silver label
II.),
impaling
of five points)
the
HERALDRY.
2i6
Mowbray
dexter shield bears
{gu.^
Segrave
sinister shield displays
a lion rampant
{sa.^
a7'g.),
and the
arg.,
crowned
lion rampt.
or\ the arms of the Duke's mother.
Many
other early examples might be adduced of this practice
of forming groups of shields of arms, before true quartering was

regularly recognized
nor was
this
usage altogether superseded by
quartering, until after the close of the fourteenth century.
This system of grouping together several shields of arms, would

naturally lead to the grouping together
upon a
and concentration of them
a more compact and expressive arrange-
single shield^ as
ment.
It
is
obivous that a group of separate shields could not be
displayed about the person of a noble or a knight, and that the

necessity of quartered blazoning was the cause of
introduction
its
but before the system of quartering came actually in use, the combination of two or
more
new composition from

coats.
The
by forming a
coats of arms was effected
the most important charges of the several
celebrated shield of
sented on his effigy in the
Prince John of Eltham
Abbey of Westminster)
is
(repre-
charged with
the arms of Efiglatid unthin a bordtire of France^ thereby com-
pounding the arms of
his father
Isabella of France.
The
Edward
arms.
is
I., is
an
earlier
Edward
II.,
beautiful seal of
example of
this
in
mother
of
system of compounding
a compound shield, and that the six

it
his
Margaret, Queen
Mr. Planch'e suggests that the shield of
incorporated with
and of
Bohun
lioncels
(No. 279)
rampant were
consequence of an alliance with an heiress
MARSHALLING.
The arms
of Salisbury.
illustrated
of
Earls of Salisbury
attributed to the
on No. 206, page 97.
217
compounding or incorporating two or more coats
Jack, which
is
Andrew, and
are
comparatively modern instance

is
the
Union
a combination of the crosses of St. George, St.
St.
Patrick (See chapter on
Flags).
This instance
of incorporation, instead of Marshalling by quartering, has been

severely criticised.
Marshalling by Quartering
(as in
No. 30) into four
parts,
consists in dividing the shield
and
allotting
each one of these
When
tivo coats are thus
quarters to a single distinct shield.

.
quartered, the most important occupies the
and the other coat the second and
is
and
for quartering, the fourth quarter repeats the
charged upon the
2,
is
Should there
278).
first
quarter.
The Royal arms
an example of three quarterings
of
Her Majesty
England (No. 368, page 278), as now borne by
THE Queen,
This aiTange-
shields as were simply quar-
tered for diversity of tincturing (Nos. 144
coat that
and fourth quarters,
third quarters.
ment was probably suggested by such
be three coats of arms
first
and
4,
Etigland;
Scotland; and 3, Ireland.
Four coats of arms, when quartered,
are placed in their proper
order of succession, each in one of the four quarters of the shield.
The earliest example known in England of a shield upon which two

distinct heraldic ensigns are marshalled
quartering Castile and
Queen
of
Edward
quartered arms were
I.,
first
Leon upon
in the
the
Abbey
by
quartering,
monument
is
the shield
of Alianore,
of Westmmster.
These
adopted by the father of Queen Alianore,
HERALDRY,
2i8
Ferdinand
The
gilt
III.,
plate
on the union of Castile and Leon under
upon which the
effigy
of this lady
The
of castles and lions alternating, in lozenges.

ject
who
is
rests, is
recorded to have quartered arms, so far as
Edward
the Roll of
IL, a.d. 1311
Quartile de argent e de azure ; en
or; en
les
quarters de argent
les
les
'^
:
Henry III.),
pieces
^^
azure,
two
daunces de goules'^
griffin segreant
Montagu,
or;''"'
is
the coat of Sir
The
in or
de
" daunces*^
William Montagu
dajicettee)
(Roll
of three
about a.d. 1300, bore
by
quartering.
Edmund de Thorpe
This method of Marshalling
les griffons
so that in the shield of 1311 these
earlier shields are incorporated
ample
Symon de Montagu^
bore " argent, a fesse engrailed {ox
gides" and Simon de
at present
is
marshalled in
quarters de azure
are fusils in fesse (as No. 176, page 61).
of
Sire
is
diapered
English sub-
first
known, was Symon de Montagu, whose shield
his rule.
later ex-
(No. 186, page 67).
may be considered
to
have assumed
an authorized place in Heraldry early in the fourteenth century,
and
prove
it
to
of
Edward
3,
Navarre
quarterly are found
II.
i,
upon the
(her mother)
and
4, az.
in
2,
France (her father)
a bend
arg.^ cotised potent
The Champagne
No. 184, page 62.
in quartering four coats,
two or three
Queen
Champagne, then a most important appanage
crown of France (No. 281).
shown enlarged
seal of Isabella,
England (her husband)
counter-potent or, for
of the
shields
have become an established usage.
Four coats
in
numerous examples of quartered
in the latter half, the
coats.
no
repetition is
When
the shield
It will
is
be observed that
necessary, as
is
quarter
is
the case
divided into more than
MARSHALLING.
four parts,
no matter how great the number of
" quartering
" is
divisions, the
a quartered coat has to be Marshalled,
An
cisely as a single coat.
early instance of this
upon the monument of Queen Philippa
Abbey
and
4, or,
4,
a subdivision of quarters)
lion
rampant
quarters are
quarters
then
treated pre-
on the alabaster
Westminster
in
and
and
illustration
4,
It is thus
blazoned
England (these are termed " grand
gu., for Holland.
cipal
II.
the paternal arms of Hainault are quartered with those
of her husband (No. 298, page 232).
is
is
it
is
shield,
there
is
first.
ArMS BORNE BY ISABELLA, QUEEN OF EdWAKD
No. 2S1. QUARTERHD SHIELD OF
terly, I
term
ahvays used, and wlien any repetition of a coat
necessary, the fourth quarter repeats the
When
219
sa., for
It will
first
and
2
quarters,"
grand
a fid
3, or,
quarters,
quar-
when
i
and
lion rampa?tt
be observed that the two grand or
prin-
named, and then the second two grand
their subdivision
and
Flanders
and
3,
of
thus
th-e
and 4
g. q., 2
grand quarters
(No. 298) does not show
and
and
3 g. q.,
3.
The
the usual divisional line in
;
:
HERALDRY,
220
the second and third grand quarters, but the four lions in each of
these quarters are supposed to be
diagram No. 35, page

In
first
all
on four separate
18).
quartering, the chief or
most important coat occupies the
and the other coats
or upper dexter quarter of the shield,
The
follow in the order hereafter shown.
or
divisions (see
more coats of arms on one
object of placing two
shield, is chiefly to exhibit the descent
of the bearer from the heiresses, or co-heiresses of other families

but there are other methods of combining coats other than by
quartering, but such combination
Impalement
it is
effected
parts, as in
is
not hereditary.
by dividing the shield by a

diagram No. 2^, page
Impalement was by
half,
is
Marshalling two coats of arms upon one shield

vertical line into
The
17.
dimidiatioji, that
is,
earliest
two equal
system of
by cutting two shields
and placing together the dexter half of one and the
half of the other,
and thus forming a
in
sinister
single composition.
This
Impaling by dimidiation was introduced as early as the beginning

of the fourteenth century
but the extraordinary
effect
caused by
the dimidiating three lions and three ship's hulls, and such other
combinations, probably suggested
that the
two complete coats
should be Impaled instead of the two half-coats.
Cinque Ports bear
The
shields charged with these arms,
seals of the
England dimi-
diating three shifs hulls in pale (No. 282).
Upon one
of
Edward
of her seals,
I.,
Margaret of
France, the second
bears England dimidiating France ancient.
of the shields upon the
monument
of
Queen
One
Earl William de Valence
MARSHALLING.
Westminster Abbey, a.d. 1296, bears
in
Claremonte Nesle, gu.^ semee of
De
trefoils,
Valence dimidiating
tiuo barbels
haurient,
addorsed, or.
No. 283. Clare and Fitzgerald.
No. 282. CiNQL'E Ports.
The
(see
seal of the " Provostry of the
"Herald and Genealogist,"
I.
town of Youghal,"
a shield charged with the dimidiated arms of Clare

cha'ronels gic,
in Ireland
485), about a.d, 1274, displays

(or,
three
No. 169, page 58) and Fitzgerald: here the dexter
semi-chevronels are
shown
in
combination with the
of the Irish coat, which, in this instance
is
sinister semi-saltire
differenced with a label
of three points (No. 283).
The arms
the
same
all^
in pale,
of the
as the
Abbey
of Faversham, or Feversham, Kent,
is
Cinque Ports (No. 282) with the addition of over
crosier.
The double-headed
eagle
is,
in the opinion of
Mr. Planche,
HERALDRY.
222
due
to the practice of dimidiation
and other
so also
may
be the gryphon,
fictitious beasts.
by marriage was,
Alliance
century, represented
on
in the latter half of the fourteenth
shields
complete arms being placed
by Impalement, the husband's
in the dexter half,
and the
wife's in
This was blazoned parted per pale, Baron and Fenune.
the sinister.
"Husband and
wife"
more
but the early heralds considered that Baron and
distinct,
Femme was
is
used
in this
work, to
make
the explanation
the only admissible blazon.
In Impaling two coats of arms (and also in quartering), the
arrangement and proportions of the charges are adapted to the

altered space afforded
by the impaled
shield.
The manner
in
which the early heralds represented charges on divided shields

is
very interesting.
drawn to
suit the space,
characteristic
heraldic
many inanimate
quarter
The shape
of a lion or other beast was
without in any
maunche
in
the hanging part of the sleeve
The
detracting from the
appearance of the beast
charges: the
the base of the shield, without in any

itself.
way
is
So also with
No. 272
fills
up the
bent backwards to
way destroying
fit
the sleeve
three lions in the fourth quarter of the shield (No.
298, page 232) are of different sizes, to suit the space
but the
value or rank of the smaller lion differs nothing from the larger
one.
Again, the escarbuncle in the third quarter of the shield of
Isabella, Queen of
Edward
II.
example of a charge adapted to
(No. 281, page 219),
suit the
is
another
shape of the quartering.
In descriptive blazoning, each coat of arms retains
its
own
MARSHALLING.
distinctive individuality;
223
and although the two descriptions are
grouped together, they are treated separately.

285) sets forth that
Wood
(No. 284)
The
shield (No.
who married an Ellis
(No.
286) had impaled his wife's arms (which she bore as her father's
daughter, and not as his heiress or co-heiress) with his
Wood.
This impaled shield
No.
284.
has but a
life
not hereditary
is
No.
interest in the
No.
285.
Ellis coat
but the
if
in
every instance
by her sons, with
iu-ms,
transmitted,
render Heraldry altogether impossible.
husband and wife (when the wife

borne by the husband and
them.
loz7ige,
and not upon a
is
It is
coat he
obvious
and the two thus united

the
arms, therefore, of
and by the survivor of
wife,
would
complication
The
not an heiress) can only be
widow however, would bear

shield,
286.
arms of a mother were borne
the
their father's
were to be continually
of
therefore,
Wood
transmits to his children as he would other property.

that
own arms
Wood,
either of
the united arms
and without the
crest.
upon a
widow
marrying again does not usually bear the arms of her former
husband, unless he was a Peer.
widower marrying again
is
HERALDRY.
224
arms of both wives.
entitled to bear the

wife's
In
this case, the
second
arms would occupy the lower half of the space originally
occupied by those of the former wife, or that part of the shield
which
a quartered shield would be termed the fourth
in
Impalement of arms does not belong exclusively

and
wife.
arms are impaled
Official
to
husband
same manner.
the
after
cjuarter.
Archbishops and Bishops impale their paternal arms with the
arms of
their Sees, placing
shield.
The arms
in
Kings are Îso marshalled
of the Herald
same manner
the
the latter in the dexter side of the
that
they place their
is,
and
the dexter side of the shield,
official
their personal
arms on
arms on the
sinister.
The arms
also are the
of the Sees are attached to the Sees permanently, so
arms of
office.
The Archbishop,
a temporary connection with the See, and

represented in Heraldry, exactly as
is
or Bishop has but
this relation to it is
the temporary connection
of the armorial bearings of husband and wife.
Impaled arms are not allowed on a banner, ensign, surcoat, or

tabard
they
may be
represented on a shield in any manner,
either carved in stone, painted, or engraved
death of a husband, the widow
may
on
plate.
After the
bear the impaled arms.
Bordures and tressures are generally dimidiated by Impalement;

that
is,
the part of the bordure
Impalement
line
is
and
tressure
which adjoins the
omitted.
Queen Anne, and King George
I.
bore in the
first
quarter of
the Royal shield, England impaling Scotland, and the tressure in
MARSHALLING.
the arms of Scotland, was
England.
removed on
Bordures and
225
arms of
that side next the
although thus affected
tressures,
by
Impalement, are not affected by quartering.
Arms of Alliance
Impalement.
If the wife should
family are not
lier
are also represented
be an
otherwise than by
heiress^
then the arms of
impaled, but are borne upon a Shield of
This method of representing alliance,
Pretence.
tively recent usage, but
No. 287
now become
is
illustrates, for
is
of compara-
general.
the sake of example, the shield of Staf-
ford, bearing a small shield of Butler in Pretence.
If there
should be several co-heiresses of the house of Butler, the hus-
band of each would bear the Butler arms upon a small Shield
of Pretence upon his
of
own
The
shield.
Stafford and Butler would,
bear the united arms
children of the marriage
after
their
Butler, and these
Stafford and
of
would be permanently associated by quartering.
%rd,
All
the suc-
Imeal heirs would bear them.
ceeding descendants and

blazon would be
decease,
father's
quarterly
ist
and
^th,
Stafford; 2nd
The
a?id
Butler.
Alliance with an heiress
arms.
is
thus one of the causes of quartered
In the alliance of a Stafford with an heiress, an hereditary
combination of two coats of arms has arisen, and, as the son of
an heiress
sets forth,
is
heir to his
mother as well as to
and hands down,
Heraldry
his father.
to succeeding generations a record of
this conjoint inheritance
Marshalling by Quartering. In
quartering arms
it
must be
15
HERALDRY,
226
remembered what has been before metioned,

tant
arms occupy the
shield (No. 288)
first
that the
The
quarter of the shield.
we now assume
to
most imporquartered
be borne by another Stafford,
a son, or lineal descendant of the Butler heiress
now, should he
marry a Campbell, he would impale the arms of Campbell, with

his
own
quartered arms (No. 289), but
places the
pretence^
Campbell arms upon
as in No.
290.
if
his
the lady be an heiress, he
own
quartered shield in
The descendants
Campbell
alliance include the
quartering,
and the
Campbell arms
shield (No. 291)
Stafford-
of this
in their shield
becomes the hereditary
by
shield
of this branch of the Staffords.
In the case of a daughter of the
Campbell
heiress marrying,
were she not an heiress, her husband would simply impale with
his
own arms her quartered arms ; and
their father's
arms only
but
if
their children
she were an heiress, her husband
would bear her arms on a Shield of Pretence upon

their children
his
own
and descendants would quarter the quartered

If the daughter of the
of the heiress.
Campbell
arms would be as No. 291, but borne upon a

shield)
would bear
were to marry a Bentick, who bears
az.s
and
shield
heiress (whose
lozenge instead of a
cross moline arg.,
her quartered shield would be impaled by her husband (No. 293);
but
in
if
she were an heiress, her quartered shield would be placed
Pretence upon the Bentick arms, as in No. 294.
The descendants
of the Bentick-Stafford alliance, of course,
bear the combined arms of Stafford, Butler, Campbell, and
Bentick, and
in
order to arrange these in their proper order, a
MARSHALLING.
227
^WW
W^^
new
No.
287.
No.
288.
No.
No.
290.
No
291.
No. 292^
No.
293.
No,
294.
No.
289.
295.
modification of the process of quartering
is
necessary, and the
This
is
termed Quarterly
quartered shield has to be quartered.

Quartering.
No.
35,
page
18, represents
a shield thus divided.

15
"
HERALDRY.
228
The primary
and these are quartered.
quarters are grand quarters,
In the shield of the Benticks* descendants, however, the 2nd and

quartered (No. 295).
7,rd quarters are quarterly
grand quarters
and 4 bear Bentick
3 are each charged with
shield
that
becomes
may be
this shield,
and
Stafford, Butler, and Campbell. This
hereditary,
and admits
of any further quartering
necessary in the same manner.
If a son of the
Butler, were
arms, and
In
and grand quarters
Campbell
heiress,
who had
married a Stafford-
marry a Bentick, he would simply impale hei
to
she were an heiress, he would bear them upon his
if
quartered arms in a Shield of Pretence, and his children would

quarter
The
Bentick
in the 4th quarter, as in
shield of the children of a
and who had married an
man
No. 292.
bearing a quartered shield,
heiress also bearing a quartered shield,
would be quarterly quartered
the four grand quarters would be
quartered; the quartered arms of the father would be in the ist
and
and the quartered arms of the mother
4th,
in the
2nd and 3rd
grand quarters.
A man
marrying an heiress, and having only a daughter, and
afterwards having a son
by another marriage, the daughter
inherits
the arms of her father and mother, but the son inherits only the
arms of the
When
father.
younger sons bear the quartered shield of their
the heiress their mother, they place their

it
may
cover
all
following chapter.
father,
mark of cadency so
their quarterings; these
marks are given
and
that
in
MARSHALLING.
No. 272, page 210,
The
illustrates tvvo
229
quartered shields impaled.
small shield of arms (borne sometimes in pretence) upon the
centre of the shield, does not always denote that the bearer married
an
heiress, but is part of the paternal arms,
Marquess of Abercorn
escutcheon, az., charged
and
is
bears in the point of honour^ over
with three fleurs-de-lis,
The
hereditary.
all,
an
or, for Chatelherault.
These are called Augmentations of Honour, and are never quartered,
Camden
but always retain their original position.
augmentations of honour were granted "
some of
some of mere
says
these
grace,
and
merit."
single shield (or In escutcheon) appears in the well-known
blazon of the
are differenced,
Mortimers
(Nos. 296, and 297).
by changing the
These two
shields
tincture of the Inescutcheon from
argent, to ermine.
BHH
No.
296.
Arms of Dominion
necessarily
come
De Mortimer.
No.
297.
are quartered, but the quarterings
into the shield by marriage.
do not
The Royal arms
of
England furnish many interesting examples of quartering.
Arms
of
Community and
by regular quartering,
tlie
corporate bodies
may be
marshalled
several coats of arms being arranged, and
HERALDRY.
230
compound composition,
assigned to their proper quarters, in the
in
the order of their relative precedence.
Marshalling also refers to the arrangement, or disposition of the

accessories of the shield,
and
to knightly
and
Knights of the Garter, and other Orders,

shields,
married, bear two
if
one having the knight's own arms surrounded with the
insignia of his Order, the other bearing his
paling those of his wife, or
(if
own arms
repeated, im-
an heiress) bearing them in pretence.
Royal personages, when married, bear

arms of
official insignia.
their dominion, alone
on one
their arms,
shield,
husband and wife on a second impaled
bemg
also the
and the arms
shield,
of the
the arms of the
personage of the higher rank being to the dexter.
Peeress in her
helm or
crest)
own
right bears her hereditary
arms (without
on a lozenge, with her Coronet and Supporters.
If
she be married to a Peer, both her arms and those of her husband
are fully blazoned,
and the
together to form a single
shield,
and the lozenge
are
grouped
compound composition, precedence being
given to the achievement of the higher rank
If she be married to a
commoner, her husband charges her paternal arms ensigned with

her coronet, in pretence upon his
Achievement of Arms,
her marriage
distinct
own
and she
and complete,
also bears her
as she bore
it
own
before
and, in this instance also, the lozenge and the shield
are grouped together.
The widow
retain the
of a Peer marrying a second Peer, she would not
arms of her former husband, unless
higher than that of her second husband.
his rank
had been
For instance, the
late
MARSHALLING.
Lord Palmerston impaled
her former husband,
It will
231
the arms of his wife, and also those of
Earl Cowper.
be remembered that
all
whether unmarried or
ladies,
widows, bear their arms upon a lozenge, and without the helm
and
crest.
The
Garter and motto of the Order, encircle the shields of
The Knights
Knights of the Garter.
of the Bath encircle their
shield with a red riband, charged with the

like
all
motto of the Order.
In
manner, other Orders display the riband, with the badge de-
pending from the riband.

All honourable
and
played with a shield.
The helm,
official staves
of the
may be
dis-
Earl Marshal
his shield.
wreath, cap, crest, coronet, crown, mantling, sup-
porters, scroll,
;
The
insignia of every kind
and crossed behind
are blazoned
shield
official
and motto and badges, are
and when thus
all
associated, the group
marshalled with the
is
termed an Achieve-
ment,
The Helm
placed either upon the top of the shield, or upon
is
one corner of
Varieties of the
it.
The Wreath
is
of two coloured
The Cap
is
Dukes, and
is
a kind of
silks,
roll,
it is
helm are given
formed by the intexture or twisting
placed upon the top of the helm.
an ancient symbol of dignity, formerly used by
worn upon the helm.
The Coronet of Peers, and Princes,

The Crest
wreath.
in another chapter.
is
is
placed above the helm.
placed above the coronet, and upon the cap, ot
HERALDRY.
232
The Mantling
as displayed in
is
displayed, or
falls
from the back of the helm,
No. 209, page 104.
The Supporters are placed on either side of the

appear in the act of supporting and protecting
Tlie Scroll
and Motto
are placed
below the
shield, unless the
crest.
Nft aoS
OuEBN
and
it.
motto should have any special reference to the crest
be placed above the
shield,
PHiuri-A OF Hainault.
it
can then
No. 199. Edward
as Prince Royal.
1.,
CHAPTER
XVI.
CADENCY AND DIFFERENCING.
MARKS
of
brizures,
Cadency are
certain distinguishing
added
shield
members and branches of a
family, the
prevent the confusion of two

cessity of distinguishing
had
to resort to
to
men
arms,
to
one from the
marks or
distinguish
other.
To
bearing the same arms, the ne-
marks arose
some plan of
of
the sons and younger sons
differencing the family ^rms, without
adopting a fresh one, and these marks of Cadency admitted of an

addition to the shield without altering
The
ancient rules differ from the modern, and
teresting in this subject
made by
label
it.
is
obsolete.
much
that
is in-
Originally differences were
the addition of a bend, a canton, a bordure, and by the
the latter ancient
employed.
mode
of Differencing
is still
one of those
HERALDRY.
234
Marks
of
Cadency may be added
upon the duration, or the change of certain
distinction, contingent
The
conditions.
ference
to a shield as a temporary
eldest son bears his father's shield with a dif-
but when he succeeds, upon the death of his father, to
the family estates and rank, he

of Cadency,
and
transfer
it
permitted to remove the mark
is
to his son.
Permanent marks of Cadency become part of the armorial composition of the shield,
family,
and distinguish a particular branch of a
and are borne by the
branch.
It often
appears
members
of that
occurs that more than one mark of Cadency
same
in the
different individual
shield
and
it
was a practice with the
early
is,
to
mark one mark
from Cadency,
is
applied to dis-
heralds to difference their Differences, that
Cadency with another.
of
Differencing, as
distinct
tinguish the arms of individuals,

tie
and
families
who, without any
of blood-relationship, are connected through feudal alliance or
dependency.
Differencing
is
secondary charges by which
a term also used to denote the

those
shields
of arms
are
dis-
tinguished that bear the same arms.
The Caerlaverock
Roll gives an example of both Cadency, and
Differencing, in the shields of
DE Hastings bore
vert (or
banner
sal;le).
or,
or^
The
Edmond
Hastings and Paignel.
a maunche
gu.y with
Earl his brother
label of five points
displays
the
Hastings
a maunche gu.
"A
lady's sleeve high-spirited Hastings bore."
John Paignel, a
friend
and comrade of the brothers
De Has-

TINGS, bears, vert^ a maiinche
It will
or.
235
be seen that the younger
brother bore a label as a mark of Cadency, but the ally took his
friend's shield,
changing the tincture of both shield and charge
for a Difference.
There are many

early Heraldry
The
earliest
varieties of Differences;
was the bordure
in
its
that
most used
in
different modifications.
bordures were probably plain, but the necessity for
increased changes introduced bordures fonned of the ornamental

lines,
such as engrailed, the invected, and indented, &c.
Differences were also
the shield itself or
made by
charges, or
its
a change of tincture, either in
by adding some
Sometimes the charges
a comparatively subordinate character.
were
slightly varied, or
under
fresh charge of
one charge was substituted
for another
like conditions.
The Label (No.

century as a
78,
page 31) was used early
mark of Cadency. The
sometimes with
five, points,
label
is
in the thirteenth
borne with
and they are borne of various
and are variously charged with devices as secondary
The
label has generally
Royal family, but
The
it
label or Pile
The
differences.
and
tinctures,
differences.
been the mark of Cadency peculiar to the
has not been exclusively

is
three,
so.
one of the modern as well as the ancient
label has
many names amongst
old heralds,
such as points, tongues, plaites or garments, candles ; but lambeaux

or labels appear to be
the tags that
most used.
hang from deeds
During the
to
They
which
lifetime of his father,
are supposed to represent

seals are attached.
Edward
I.
charged his shield
HERALDRY.
236
upon
his seal, with a label, as the recognized heraldic Difference
which should distinguish his own shield as Prince Royal of Enggland, from the shield of the
label
is
King
Prince Edward's
his father.
so placed as to form the actual chief of the escutcheon,
and two of
its five
points
lie
alternately over
the uppermost lion (No. 299).
Edward
TI.,
and under the
tail of
while Prince Royal,
bore the label set lower on the shield, and with longer points.
Edward
a
III., as
upon
Prince Royal and
Another
175, page 60).
and the
in
also bore
in 1235, displays
a label of /our points over a bendlet (No.
his counter-seal
same arms,
Earl of Chester,
John de Laci, Earl of Lincoln,
labels arg.
shield, of
little later
date, bearing the
Westminster Abbey, represents the bendlet
sifiister,
label with/d7?/r points.
Xk
%
No.
The
No. 301.
300.
early labels were generally of three, or five points,
times of four
but
it
is
and some-
most probable that the number of points
were not then considered important, and there are instances of the
same impaled
shield, bearing a label of three points,
five points, side
by
side.
The
seal
as Prince Royal, have severally labels of three,
Henry Plantagenet
and a
label of
and counter-seal of Edward
and
five points
II.,
and
of Bolingbroke, on one of his seals, a.d.

1399, bears the arms assigned to the
label of
///r^<?
points, impaling France
Confessor
differenced with a
and England quarterly with a
label oifive points of Brittany, impaling Lancaster,
coat impaling the arms of his
These
first
237
wife
and
this
impaled
Mary de Bohun (No.
303).
early labels extend across the shield from dexter to sinister
they have the ribbon
itself
very narrow, and
the points rather
broader, as in No. 302 A. In the beginning of the sixteenth century

the points or pendants were broadened at
302 B)
and
in our
own time
302 C) was introduced.
The
the extremity (No.
the objectionable dovetail (No.
latter is generally
old form which extends across the shield
is
couped, but the
preferable.
The
early
^nr
TJSIS
No.
No.
302.
303.
labels were always blazoned in a conspicuous tincture, that

that
would contrast with the shield upon which
Two
label
it
is,
one
was charged.
early seals of the Nevilles, exemplify the treatment of the
by the heralds of
Henry
111.
and Edward
I.
The former
has a label of fotir points charged upon the chief of the shield
HERALDRY.
238
but the
latter,
from the seal of Robert de Neville, about a.d.
1270, bears his label oi five pomts in the
No. 303A.
more usual
No.
303B,
Labels are frequently differenced with charges

are placed
upon the points of the
point only.
and
these charges
and sometimes upon one
Labels charged with three ermine spots, three fleurs-de-lis^
&c., placed in pale
rence
label,
position.
this
on each of the
arrangement
The
specifies otherwise.
is
points, are of
common
occur-
always implied unless the blazon
following are illustrations of
some
ex-
amples of the usual arrangement and the exceptions.
No. 300
Abbey
is
from a shield of arms in stained glass at
St.
Alban*s
France ancient and England quarterly^ differenced with a
label of three points^
are arranged two
having on each point three ermine spots which
and
one.
Two
of the
Plantagenet
Great Yarmouth have two ermine spots only, on
shields at
eacli point of their

labels (No. 301)
One
point.
lias
Edward
point,
Albans
Edward
IV., his label
and
and
same
this
again,
upon
IV.,
is
blazoned with a
label
is
Richard
eitlier five,
cross
The
of
K.G.,
single canton
repeated in the stained
Richard Plantagenet, second
his stall-plate charges
ton upon the first point only of his silver label.

lifetime
its
a singh red cross upon each
George Plantagenet,
the stall-plate of
upon each
son of
on the Burghersh monument, has
while a third
brother of
glass at St.
two torteaux only, on each
on each point with two fleurs-de-lis^ and another with
spots,
Upon
point.
third shield has
of the shields,
label charged
two ermine
and a
239
si7igle
During
red can-
his father's
with a silver label of
II. differences his shield
or three points, charged on the central point only with
St. George.
following examples are from shields not of Royal rank.
In a Roll of H. III. Sir
John Lovell,
or Lovel, bears on a
label of five poifits, az., fifteen mullets arg., that
each point.
Sir James Audele, gu.,frettee
(on each point of the azure label three
barrulee arg.
three mullets
on
a label of Longespee
lioncels or).
was a daughter of William de Longespee

page 97).
or,
is,
His mother
(see his shield,
No. 206,
Sir William Lovel, a label of Valence (the points
and
DE la Vacha, a
label
Roll of E. III.
label co7nponee az.
and
az.,
of
o?i
each a martlet gu.).
lVarre?i?ie.
James d'Audeley bears
and
Sir Richard
arg.
gu.,
a frette
or,
his cousin bears the same arms, sub-
stituting for the label a bordure arg.;
family, bears the frette without
any
and Hugh, the head of the
difference.
Richard de Grey
HERALDRY,
240
"de
label gu.^ hezantee;

is
De
Sandiacre," differences
and Byron,
Grey (No. 127, page
manner (No.
in like
î8)
with a
168, page 57),
differenced witli a label az,
Calais Roll:
Edward de Montague
Sir
fusils conjoined in /esse gn.,
point with
an
eaglet vert
No
bears erm., three
a label of three points
or,
charged on each
(No. 304).
304. Shield of Sir
Edward de Montagotc.
Numerous other examples of the
label
might be given, to show
how
generally
liest
period of Heraldry, but space will only admit of one or two
it
was employed as a mark of Cadency
in the ear-
more examples.
The Latymers have

as distinct
a small group of labels, which they charge
marks of Cadency on the same
LE Latymer (Caer. Roll) bears

Roll of E.
II.,
shield (his cross

sable, plattee
gn.
another William le
is
blazoned
(No. 305)
and
pattee)
William
shield.
cross patonce or.
Latymer
In the
differences this
with a label of t^ree points
his brother
of three points, az.^ fleurdtee (No. 306).
Thomas
A.
has his
third
label, also
Latymer
label

is
The Roll
sable uncharged.
of
Richard
241
II. gives for
Thomas
Latymer
a plain label
az. ;
difference
by charging
either/z-*? escallop sable ox five martlets gules
upon
and two other members of the family
their cross.
No.
No.
305.
306.
Arms of William and Thomas le Latymer.
Sometimes two
upon the same

either divides
distinct
label
its
groups of differencing charges appear
and
in this case the label has five points,
central point per pale, or allots
two points
to
it
one
group of charges and three to the other; thus, on the monument

at King's Langley, the shield that stands last of the series
on the
south side bears France ancient and England quarterly, with a label
of five
poifits in
pale of Brittany and of Fra7ice; points
ermine (three spots on each), and points

tleurs-de-lis
on
each),
No. 370, page 281.
Plantagenet, son of Henry

label,
IV.,
is
3, 4, 5,
The
and
2,
of France (three
stall-plate of
John
differenced with a similar
charged upon France modern and England quarterly.
Labels and other marks of Cadency are sometimes assmned as

16
HERALDRY.
242
and
charges,
may be
in these cases
transmitted,
and may become
hereditary.
The Label of
the
Courtenays has long ceased
and has become an

but in the Roll of
bears
label
or.^
difference,
component of the Courtenay Arms
integral
Henry
III., tlie representative of this family
without any
three torteaux,
be a
to
The Courtenay
label.
of singular interest, and the varieties used by this family
is
are sufficient to illustrate the principle,
Hugh de Courtenay
Cadency.
torteauxj
label
Courtenay shield
Courtenay, the
and the usage of
(Caer. Roll) bears or, three
of five points, az.; and from
this
time
always charged with a label.
This
Hugh de
is
eldest son of another
Devon, and married Agnes de
the uncharged azure
married
St.
Hugh de Courtenay,
label,
as
it
John, and died
first
Earl,
St.
His
in 1340.
second Earl of Devon, bears
had been borne by
his father
Robert de Courtenay,
John, and the
St.
I.
he
The
bears an
azure label charged with nine golden mullets-, his mother,
be remembered, was a
and
Earl of
Margaret de Bohun, granddaughter of Edward
second son of the
the
Hugh de Courtenay,
of Alianore, or Eleanor, le Despencer, was created
eldest son,
early
it
will
Johns bore two
golden mullets in their arms.
Sir
Hugh Courtenay,
K.G., the eldest son of the second
Earl, died in his father's lifetime, having married
Bryan
and
heir,
he differences with a label
Elizabeth de
sa,, bezantee.
His only son
Hugh, married Matilda de Holland, of
he differences with a label of France,
az,, fleurettec.
Exeter,
and
(No. 303A.)

Edward de Courtenay,
ceeded
his father as third
Maud de
having married
243
second son of the second Earl, suc-
Earl of Devon; he
Camoys.
died in 1419,
His son, Edward, bears an
The
azure label of three points, each point changed with a plate.
Camoys
was
shield
or,
clear that his mother's
on a chief gu., three plates ;
it is,
therefore,
arms suggested the plates as a mark of
Cadency, as did the mullets of St. John in a preceeding example.
Sir
Hugh de Courtenay,
third (but
second surviving) son
ot
the second Earl, bears a label with three points az., charged with
jiifie
His son. Sir Edward, bears a
crescents arg.
points az., charged with fiine mullets pierced or.
Church Cathedral, Oxford,
The arms
ot
label of three
(Brass at Christ
a.d., 1440.)
William de Courtenay, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, fourth son of the second

or, three torteauXy
on a
label
1381-1396, were
Earl, a.d.,
of three points
az.,
as
many
^nitres arg.,
and these arms the Archbishop bears impaled by those

See of Canterbury.
The
the three mitres were adopted by the Archbishop,

it
is
was because he had previously held three Sees,
London, and Canterbury.

Sir Philip,
fifth
is
probably that
viz.,
Sir William, charges his

or.,
Hereford,
son of the second Earl, bears a label of three
He
married
Margaret Wake,
the direct ancestor of the present Courtenays.
Wakes bore
why
(No. 303B.)
points az., plattee (nine plates).
and
of the
best explanation that can be given
His son.
The
silver label with three torteaux.
two bars gu., and
in chief three torteaux; so
168
it
will
HERALDRY,
244
be seen that Sir William's label affords another example of the

differencing being taken from the mother's shield.
Sir Peter de Courtenay, K.G., youngest son of the second
Earl of Devon,
sa.,
differences his shield with a label of three points,
charged with nine annulets arg. (Garter-plate, and brass in
Another Courtenay label
Exeter Cathedral).
and the sons of Thomas,
Margaret de Beaufort,
ponte arg. and
Upon
the
fifth
d'or;
is, az., gitttee
Earl of Devon, who married
difference with
alabelzxA a
bendlet coi7i-
az.
same
principle as that which refers to the label, the
Bordure, the Bend, the
Chevron, the Canton, &c.,
originally served for differences,
porated with the paternal shield.
been added to the
shield,
and
Chief
or a fesse
have become incor-
may sometimes have
and then charged
again, with a view to differencing,
cotised; a chevron
in time
may have
for difference
Ordinaries
may have been
and
may have been

resolved into a
group of either chevronels or bars gemelles.
The Canton
shield, rather as
or
Quarter may probably have been added
A canton
Cadency.
to
a modified form of Marshalling than as a mark of

in early rolls of
The Harfords record
arms
is
entitled a " Quarter."
the alliance of an heiress of the Scropes
with their house by adding the arms of Scrope to their paternal

shield.
good example occurs
in the brass to
ford, A.D. 1590, at Colwall, in Herefordshire.
blazoned
sa.,
two
betids arg.,
Anthony Har-
This shield
is
with a canton of Scrope, that
canton az,, charged with a bend
or.
thus
is,
There are rare exceptions,
CADENCY AND DIFFERENCING

however, of
tlie
245
canton being used as a distinct mark of Ca-
dency.
The BoRDURE was used by

we
early heralds to
numerous instances of
find
persons not of Royal rank.
It
being borne by Princes and
its
is,
mark Cadency, and
perhaps, better adapted for the
purpose than any Ordinary or charge, as the proportions of the

field are
not altered by
Eltham, represented
it.
on. his
The Bordure
of France of
monument
Westminster Abbey,
at
a beautiful example of both Cadency and Marshalling.
John of
The
is
diffe-
renced shields of the Plantagenets, Beauforts, Hollands, and
TuDORS
furnish
good examples of the Bordure.
The bordure was borne both
Henry
III.
vair'ee.
A remarkable bordure
and by
his son
race.
1502),
of
This
and
and charged.
Fitz-Geoffrey bears quarterly or
Edward,
Henry was
his wife
Edward
plain
IV.
was borne by
the last two
the son of
In the Roll of
afid gu.^
a border
Henry Courtenay,
Earls of Devon of
William Courtenay
their
(died
Catherine Plantagenet, youngest daughter
His arms are
quarterly,
(he marks his mother's
Royal rank by placing the heraldic insignia which represent her

the
first
quarter),
Fratue ?nodern and England quarterly,
with a bordure quarterly of England and France ;

tenay ; 4, Rivers, or
lion
rampant
az.,
in
differenced
and
3,
Cour-
armed gu.
In the famous controversy between Richard Scrope, of Bolton,
and Sir Robert Grosvenor, of Cheshire, the Constable and

Marshal of England,
the claim of
in giving sentence (a.d. 1390) in favour of
Lord Scrope
to bear the disputed arms, az.,
a bend
HERALDRY,
246
of%
the sentence went on to authorize Sir
Robert Grosvenor
bear the same arms within a bordure argent^
made
being
that
in consideration of the
had been adduced
finally
concession
good presumptive evidence
support of his claim
in
this
to
but the King
the arms were
decided, on an appeal to him, that
ex-
ScROPE, and that they could not be borne
clusively those of
simply differenced with a bordure by Grosvenor, considering

that
"a bordure
strangers in the
is
not
cousin related by blood."
bordure
is
A.D.
sufficient
difference
between two
Thus did Richard
1 1,
rule that the
a mark of Cadency distinct from a Difference.
The Archbishops
dures.
same kingdom, but only between cousin and
of Canterbury in several instances bore bor-
Thomas Fitz-Alan,
or
Arundel, Archbishop Cantuar,
1396-1414 (son of Robert Fitz-Alan, thirteenth Earl of
Arundel), Fitz-Alan and Warrenne
John Stafford, Archbishop,
engrailed arg.
a bordure
qiiarterl}\ ivithin
a.d. 1443-145 2, or,
on a chevron gu. a mitre arg.y the whole within a bordure

his official seal,
the See of
sinister
Bishop Henri le Despencer has the
Norwich on the dexter side of
side
his
differenced shield
differenced
is
shield
charged with the
of
his effigy,
shield of
and on
Le Despencer.
Le Despencer arms
a bordure, upon which are eight mitres.
In
sa.
the.
This
within
Another example of his
shield represents the bordure charged with fifteen mitres,
and
exemplifies the heraldic feeling at the time, which held the
it
num-
ber of the repetitions of the differencing charges of any shield to
be a matter of indifference.
Abbot John de Wheatampstede,
247
A.D. 142T-1460, in a shield at St. Albans, bears the
arms of the
abbey within a bordure of the Abbot,
az.^
saltire or,
within a
bordure gu., charged with eight garbs (or wheatsheaves) of the

second.
No.
No.
310.
The Bend and Bendlet

Heraldry
in
its
for
bend gules
eaglets
is
charged
is
The
by the
shield of
paly of six, arg. and
next,
substitution,
first,
sequently of three buckles (No. 312),
all or,
and
Grandisons
upon
this
itself three golden
These
of three
tlie
az. ;
upon the bend
appear (Nos. 307, 308, and 309).
differenced
312.
are found to have been used in early
marking Difference.
original simphcity
No.
311.
eaglets are then
escallops,
and sub-
finally,
John de
HERALDRY.
248
Grandison, Bishop of Exter,
a.d.
1327-1369, completes the
group with his shield, having the red bend charged with a
mitre between two golden buckles (No. 311),
shield of
arg.
Bishop John de Grandison
is
blazoned paly of
and az., on a bend gu.^ a mitre between two
The Chevron, and

as
silver
In the Harl. MS., the

six,
eaglets or
(No. 310).
the Chief, appear to have been
more used
marks of Difference than as marks of Cadency.
Cadency
is
frequently illustrated by the process of changing the
tincture either of the field, or of the ordinaiy, or of
charge in any heraldic composition

tinctures of the field
in the
time of
and the ordinary and other charges.
Henry
the two
III.,
Furnivals appear
the one upon a field of gold, and the other

the
same red bend and the same
same period the brothers

bezantee,
and azure,
De
bend
by charging
arg,,
Seigneurs
silver,
At the
la Zouche severally bear
by introducing a canton
chief ermine.
or,
and on a
chief erm.
gu, and the younger differences the

the tincture of the
Mortimers
bearing,
of
six martlets, also red.
gules,
ermifie,
and
field
The De Genevilles,
Broyes, bear, the elder brother,
barnacles in pale
field
their shield with a label azure, a chevron ermine,
and by adding a
De
upon a
Thus,
The De la Zouches subsequently
bezantee.
further difference their shield
also
any other
by simply reversing the
or
sa., three
breys or
a demi-lion rampt. issuant
same arms by simply changing
of his shield from sable to azure.
difference by changing
The
the tincture of their ines-
cutcheon from argent to ermine (Nos. 296 and 297, page 229).
Hugh De Mortimer,
of Clielmarsh, substitutes gules for the

azure of the original shield.
Another instance
is
249
given in the
early part of this chapter.
Shields of arms were differenced by
means of small
Small crosses were evidently held in especial esteem

variety of charge
These
ferencing.
the shield
is
itself,
brought into use by the early heralds
fresh charges are placed either
upon the
necessity, these charges
many
these
would be drawn
to so small a comparative
original composition.
At a
and they are disposed
in
some
later period,
regular order
the
as not to
and thus
Later
about the middle of the fourteenth century
still
that
It will
be remembered
is
single small
charges begin to be used, under special circumstances, for

rence.
pri-
secondary charges become component members of the
heraldic composition in which they appear.

to say,
of
As a matter of
times repeated.
numbers of the smaller charges are generally reduced so

six,
field
presence would not very seriously affect the
mary idea of the
exceed
for dif-
or upon the ordinary, and in the earliest examples
they are almost invariably
scale, that their
charges.
and every
diffe-
that the term " Cadency " applies
only to the differencing of the shields of several members either

of the same family or of different branches of the same family; at
the
same time
it is
obvious that by a change of tinctures, by fresh
combinations, and by the introduction of various minor charges, a

series of shields, all bearing the
same ordinary, may be
"differenced" for different famiHes
blood relationship, or between

ever.
who may be
whom
effectually
allied without
there exists
no
any
alliance what-
HERALDRY.
250
The Beauchamp arms are blazoned in the first Roll of Henry III,
One
shield
is
in the Caer.
simply vairee^ a second

Roll the arms of
quarterly arg.
is
Guy Beauchamp, Earl of War-
wick, are blazoned, gu., semee of crosskts, a fesse

of Beauchamp,
is gii.,
and sa. ; and
or,
a fesse between six martlets
and a banner
Early in
or.
the fourteenth century the crosslets were reduced to the
number,
ments
j/;i;;
at
and
in the Garter-plates,
Warwick, &c., the Earls of

Sir
golden crosslets.
fesse (Calais Roll
by charging a
and Roll of Rich.
the
members of
the
same number of billets,
fesse
upon a red
branches of
different
all
brother of the
crescent sable
upon
his
In other shields of
II.).
this family, six crescents, or
of gold, are blazoned with a golden
are descended from the ancient family of
bear three cinquefoils instead of one as a mark of
Cadency.
The Cliffords
or
and az., a bend gu.
cheqiiee
bear the six
field.
The Hamiltons, who
De Bellamont,
Warwick
John De Beauchamp, K.G.,
Earl, differences his shield
same
and the Beauchamp monu-
arms, and his brother
bear,
in
the Roll of
Henry
One Walter Clifford
Richard
III.,
bears these
bears the same, differenced with a
canton gu.y charged with a lion, or.
Walter's
eldest son,
Walter,
bears the same arms as his father; but the second son, Roger,
bears a fesse instead of a bend.
Richard's son, Sir Hugh, bears
the original arms differenced with three lions
The Cobhams
shield, without
to
Sir
bear^^/.,
a chevron
or.
In the Calais Roll this
doubt the original shield of
John de Cobham, but
or.
his family, is assigned
with the addition of a silver label.

A
Cobham
second Sir John de
rampant
lioncels
sa. ;
charges the chevron
same
tincture, for the three lioncels
another Sir John, a.d. 1420, charges
golden chevron with three
is
severally
always golden, with either three
or tlure fleurs-de-lis, or three crescents, or three martlets,
crosslets,
7i.'ith
\(\'=>
and other Cobhams carry out the system of
charging their chevron, which
sable;
witli three
Sir Reginald differences by substituting
three estoiles pierced, of the
eaglets sable;
251
Rauf de Cobham
adds an
estoile for
all
a secondary difference,
his crosslets.
Crosslets were evidently the favourite charges for marking early
Cadency; Martlets and Mullets were held nearly

In his celebrated brass, a.d. 1275,
esteem.
DON
bears on his shield
arms of
III).
in pile, or.
De Lucy are^//., three lucies hanrient in fesse,
This shield
powdering the
is
field
Thomas Bardolph
his elder brother
differenced
with
by
same
Roger de Trumping-
two trumpets
az., crnsilee,
in the
The
arg.^ (Roll
H.
substituting, or for arg., and
crosslets, first
of silver and then of gold.
has an azure shield,
William Bardolph,
crnsilee,
a cinqiiefoil or;
az., three cinquefoils, or.
The Berkeleys' red shield, with their chevron variously tinctured,

appears in the early
rolls
powdered with
either silver crosses pattees,
silver crosses crosslets, silver cinquefoils, or silver roses.
of H. III.
Camden
Maurice de Barket>e
remarks that "
roll
bears simply gu., a chevron arg.
Lord Berkeley, who
chevron argent, after serving in the
In the
first
bore gules, a
Holy Wars, added ten crosses
patte'e to his shield."
At Caerlaverock the brothers Bassett, who both bear
erm.,
HERALDRY.
252
chief indented gu., difference their shields

tlieir chiefs with three mullets
The Martlets
and three
that are charged
the Confessor, have
by
severally charging
escallops or.
upon the
shield attributed to
been assumed by Mr. Planche
derived from the impress of the pennies of the last
to
have been
Saxon Edward,
which are stamped with a plain cross between four doves. The orle
of martlets in the shields of
William and Aymer de Valence,
is
another familiar example of the use of the martlet as a mark of
The
Cadency.
paternal shield of these distinguished Barons,
simply barruly (the bars sans nonibre) arg.^ and az.

heraldic Chample've enamel shield of
ment
in
Westminster Abbey,
Earl William on
an example of
is
The
artistic
was
beautiful
his
monu-
work worthy
of any age.
Many
appear.
instances of the Fleur-de-lis charged as a difference

It is
probable that the
fleurs-de-lis in the
arms of France
were designed to mark a difference from a kindred shield charged

with a single
fleur-de-lis.
King of France,
in the sinister
in the dexter
On
ii8o, the
hand a
the seal of Philip II. (Augustus)
King
sceptre,
is
represented seated, holding
surmounted with a
hand a fleur-de-lis.
On
fleur-de-lis^
the reverse of the seal
and
is
an
oval impression containing one fleur-de-lis.
Numerous
coats of arms are charged with
probably owing to the wars with France.
Cloudeslev Shovel
there
is
the fleur-de-lis,
In the arms of Sir
one fleur-de-lis, which was granted in
honour of a victory over the French.
remarkable incised monumental slab at Abergavenny has a

shield charged with three large fleurs-de-lis.
De Cantelupes
The
253
shield
of the
furnishes a curious instance of the fleur-de-lis,
which has been placed

evidently with a view to
in strange
association with lion's faces,
compound two
Roundels, Annulets, Crescents,
coats.
&c., were used with other
charges for differencing.
No.
No.
313.
No.
No.
314.
No.
321.
No.
315.
No.
322.
316.
323.
Differenced Shields of Neville of Raby.
The
trate
shields of the
the
Neville family alone would
system of Cadency.
Above
are
suffice to illus-
some of
the
difle-
HERALDRY.
254
renced shields of one branch of the family, the Nevilles of
Raby.
Sir John Neville, K.G., in his Garter-plate bears
saltire arg.y charged
with a label of three points componky arg. and
Lord Laiymer,
az.; another Neville,
silver saltire for difference,
charges a pellet npon his
and another Peer of the same
Neville, Lord Bergavenny, differences his
No less than
^^z.,
saltire
with a rose gu.
eight other differences of the simple shield of
of Raby are found to have been assumed
family,
Neville
to distinguish the various
branches of that powerful and far-spreading house (Nos. 313 to
Thus the
323).
entire
group of these Neville differences are
three labels^ the crescent^ martlet, mullet, fleur-de-lis, cifujuefoil, rose,

pellet,
and two
interlaced annidets, forming
charged upon the
silver saltire.
rose as a difference
As the
by a
now
is
fifteenth century
a gimmel-ring,
all
of them
The branch which adopted
the
the most important.
advanced, instances of Cadency marked
single small charge increase in
number.
Numerous examples
of a crescent, a mullet, and a martlet appear.
There
is little
might be found
employed as a
doubt
that, if
it
could be traced, some good reason
for every charge
difference.
on the
Honours,
early shields that
alliances, victories
had
was
their
share in suggesting particular marks, and the early heralds assigned
those devices that bore some special significance.
Modem
Cadency
in its general character differs
very
little
from
that of the fifteenth century, but the present order of arrangement
may not perhaps be
considered to have been recognized earlier
than the sixteenth century.

The
arms
following charges are borne by the sons
in tlie following
Ljruxt^
No.
324.
\w^m
No
325.
^^"^
msr
No.
The Label
I.
order of precedence
No.
326.
No.
327.
11
328.
329.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
wc^lh?
vc^rypr::;
No.
No.
330.
by the second
Martlet (No. 327)
Annulet (No. 328)
No.
332.
father'^
ime).
Crescent (No. 325)

Mullet (No. 326)
ô
331.
(No. 324), by the eldest son (during his

life
2.
upon the paternal
^swxmf
No.
255
son.
third son.
fourth son.
fifth
son.
Fleur-de-lis (No. 329)
,,
sixth son.
Rose (No. 330)
,,
seventh son.
Cross Moline (No. 331)
eighth son.
Double Quatrefoil (No. 332)
ninth son.
These marks are generally placed upon the honour point of the
The
shield, or in chief
label with a label,
first
son of the
first
son,
and the second son with a
son of the second son
may
may
crescent.
charge his
The
charge his crescent with a label
first
and
so on.
Royal Cadency, as
will
be seen
hereafter,
is
marked
with a label, and each Prince and Princess charges

label with a difference.
do not
exclusively
his,
or her
Daughters, except of the Royal Family,
difference their paternal arms, unless a difference of the
paternal arms has
become permanent,
as in the shield of the
COURTENAYS.
Marks of Cadencv
also include
marks of Difference to denote
HERALDRY.
256
In early coats the same system of Differencing w^s
illegitimacy.
employed by the
natural, as
by the legitimate
In the
sons.
was sometimes borne upon
fifteenth century, the paternal shield
a fesse or a bend by illegitimate sons.
Sir
or,
Roger de Clarendon, son
on a bend
of the
Black Prince, bore
sa., three ostrich feathers, labelled, arg.
kinsman, the son of
His near
John of Ghent, John de Beaufort,
before
the act of legitimation in 1397, bore a similar parody of the arms
of his father, per pale arg.
and az., on a bend gu.,
three lions
of^ng-
No. 333. Ralph de Arundel.
lami^ etisigned with
label
of France.
The
tinctures of the field,
argent and azure, were the livery colours of the Lancastrian Plan-
TAGENETS.
JoHN DE Beaufort
tinctures in his bordure
compony.
afterwards retained these same
Ralph de Arundel, a
natural
son of one of the Fitz-Alans, bears the shield of Fitz-Alan,

flanched arg.
that
is,
a shield arg.^ having flanches of Fitz-Alan and
Warrmm quartet ly^ as
they were quartered by the Earls (No. 333.)
CADENCY AND DIFFERENCING,

The
2S7
Difference for illegitimate descendants of the Royal Family
has been, since the fifteenth century, a bendlet or baton

It
sinister.
was borne by Arthur, Viscount Lisle, son of Edward IV.
Duke of Richmond,
by Henry Fitzroy,
and by
the
all
Duke
the illegitimate descendants of
arg.
ermijie;
and
Charles
II.,
VIII.
az.
and
that of the
that of tfie Duke

Duke of Grafton
;
The Duke of Buccleuch
excepting
Duke of Saint Albans
charged with three white roses arg.

is
Henry
of Richmond, who differenced with a bordure.
the present day, the baton of the
land
son of
At
is ^//.,
of Cleveis
compony
Royal
also bears the
arms, differenced with a baton sinister argent.
The term
given to this section of Cadency by some writers
Abatement. With the exception of

no marks of Abatement are borne
is
these illegitimate distinctions,
in coat armour.
Arms
are ne-
cessarily honourable records, and therefore any abatement, other
than marking illegitimacy, would be a contradiction of the pui-pose

for
which arms were designed.
Differencing was not exclusively confined to the shield, but was
extended to the mantling,
crests, supporters,
and badges.
achievement of Sir John DAUBVONfe (No. 209, page 104),

interesting example of a differenced mantling
Windsor Garter-plates
The mantling
rence,
is
of
afford other
The
is
an
and some of the
good examples.
George Plantagenet,
K.G.,
semee of the white roses of the house of
Duke of
York
Cla-
(No. 334).
No. 336 represents the mantling of
Henry Bourchier,
Earl of Essex, who died
here the crimson mantling
in 1483
17
K.G.,
HERALDRY
258
itself is hilletee or^
and the
and brass
sable (Garter-plate,
mantling of
is
also
and
lining
is
semee of small water-botigets
John Bourchier, K.G., Lord Berners
billetee,
and
its
Earl Rivers,
mantling semê of quatrefoils, and the mantling of
No.
(died 1449),
lining is semee alternately of Bourchier-hwts
Sir R. Harcourt, K.G., has his ermine-lined
water-botigets.
the father-in-law of
The
at Little Easton in Essex).
Edward
334-
IV.,
No.
is sefnee
of
trefoils
(No. 335).
No.
335.
336.
In the instance of animals, the marks of Cadency are sometimes
charged upon their shoulders, or they are seme'e with them
sometimes the marks are formed into
Thomas Beaufort,
collars.
Duke of Dorset,
is
The
and
lion crest of
represented as gorged
259
about the throat with a collar company erm. and az. as the bordure of
his shield
Duke
and the
lion crest of his father,
of Somerset, has a
manner, the shield of Sir

gu.,
a lion rampt. guard,
collar
or,
(Calais Roll) bears
gorged laith a collar of France (a blue

fleurs-de-lis).
Black Prince
is
The Royal
gorged with his
and many instances occur of
lion crests of the
being charged with a label.
These
after the
manner of bands or
Numerous
and of the
The
crescent
of Cecil,
OF Carlisle and Effingham
Plantagenets
labels appear
the martlet of
were
first
The arms
Duke was
show
of the
that they
illustrious legal brothers,
the third son of their father.
In like manner, a mullet upon the shield of the

that the
the annulet ol
Earl of Aber-
are differenced with a mullety to
William and John Scott, and by
to
Howards, Earls
the rose of Neville,
borne by the younger of the two
lington shows
lions
Brudenell, Earl
gavenny, are among some of the examples.
Earl of Eldon
on the
Marquess of Salisbury,
the mullet of the
OF Cardigan, and of Murray, Lord Elibank

the
upon
frills.
Earl of Stanhope ;
Earl of Abingdon
lion
silver label]
Cadency may be found on reference
instances of
the Peerage.
In like
arg. afid az..
Thomas Lancaster
charged with three golden
the helm of the
company
collar
John Beaufort, K.G.,
Duke of Wel-
the third son of the
Earl of
MORNINGTON.
The marks of Cadency of the Plantagenet, and Tudor Princes,

to in the chapter
on "Royal Heraldry."
will
be alluded
will
not admit of this subject being treated to the
Space
fullest extent,
172
but
HERALDRY,
26o
the miscellaneous examples given, will illustrate the principle of
Cadency, and
will
form a groundwork
for the student,
who
will find
other examples in abundance, equally characteristic, and interesting.
The examples
Difference, not
more
interest than the latter, but
more
to the antiquarian,
The example
Cadency.
more
of Cadency given in this chapter, have been
numerous than those of
John Paignel's arms
is,
and
less
because the former
is
of
because Differencing belongs

to the
modern student than
given in the early part of the chapter of
however, a typical specimen which fully
exemplifies the system of Differencing, as distinct from Cadency.
One more
instance
may be
given, that of the shield of the
OF Wales, who bears, as Earl of Chester,

sheaves,
Mr.
Planche
says,
*'
Prince
three garbs or wheat-
one or more garbs are seen
in the
majority of coats belonging to the nobility, and gentry, of the
County Palatine of Chester."
As
the
same arms have been borne
by the Earls of Chester since the thirteenth century, and as the

arms of these noblemen and gentlemen are of very early date,
is
it
evident that these differenced garbs must have been the result
of some feudal connection.
The
Rolls of
Arms show clearly that many
distinguished families
holding feudal tenure differmced the arms of their lord.

great nobles granted arms,
and men
whom
to
Originally,
land was granted,
sometimes adopted the arms of the noblemen making such grants,

adding some charge of distinction, or difference to the
den mentions many

by
instances of families,
knight's service, illustrated this
upon
shield.
Cam-
who having held a manor
their armorial bearings.
No
337. Crown from the
Monument
A.D. 1509.
of Margaret, Countess of Richmond,
Westminbter Abbey.
CHAPTER
XVII.
CROWNS, CORONETS, CAPS, MITRES, &C.
CROWNS
were garlands of
in ancient times
diadem was a
fillet
of
silk,
distinguishing ornament of Kings.
The
leaves.
or other material, and was the
The Crown
of
modern times
superseded the diadem rather than the ancient crown, and
it is,
throughout Europe, the emblem and ensign of sovereignty.
ROYAL CROWNS AND CORONETS.
The
history of the various crowns of
chapter in the annals of Heraldry.
England forms an important
The
earliest
crowns of
this
country, were probably simple circles of gold, adorned, or heightened
with leaves, probably of the oak-tree, which was held in great
veneration by our ancestors.
After the Conquest, the simple design
developed into a richly jewelled

with leaves.
The crown worn by
circle of gold, variously
the English Kings
is
adorned
exemplified
HERALDRY.
262
in the effigies of
I.
at
Henry II. and his Queen Alianorej
and Isabella of Angouleme,
Mans; and
L'Espan, near
sculptured crowns are
Richard
of John, at Worcester.
much
all
at
of
Fontevraud ; of Berengaria,
mutilated, but
still
These
they plainly
declare their original character.
The
effigies
crowns of
of
Henry
trefoil-leaves
and Alianore of
III.
of two
sizes,
Castile,
have
slightly raised point inter-
vening between each pair of the leaves, as in No. 189, page
The crown
of
Edward
No. 338. Crown of
The crown
G]otJce.ster, is
of
I.
differed
II.,
formed of four
rising with graceful curves
from that of his
No. 339. Crown of
Edward IL
Edward
little
Henry
75.
father.
IV., Canterbury.
(No. 338) taken from his effigy at
large,
and four small
from the jewelled
strawberry-leaves,
circlet,
and having
eight small flowers alternating with the leaves.
During the reigns of
Edward
III.
and Richard
II.,
the crown
remained without alteration; but at the accession of the

Lancastrian Sovereign,
Henry
design and workmanship.
and
his
Queen Joanna,
The
IV.,
it
first
was of the most elaborate
sculptured effigies of this Prince
at Canterbury,
wear magnificent crowns
CROIVNS, CORONETS, CAPS, MITRES,

Both are of
(No. 339).
is
of smaller size and
tured images,
263
&-c.
similar character, but that of the
Queen
These
sculp-
more
delicate construction.
may be supposed
to be faithful representations of
the splendid " Harry Crown," broken up, and employed as security
for the loan required
France.
Rymer
in the eighth
No.
by Henry
V.,
when about
to
embark
for
records that the costly fragments were redeemed
and ninth years of Henry VI.
340 Ckowx
of
Henry
No. 341. I.MPEKi.AL Crown.
VII.,
King's College Chapel, Cambridge.
Henry
circlet
and
of
V. introduced the arched crown, that
is,
the enriched
was arched over with jewelled bands of gold, and a mounti
cross
surmounted the enclosed diadem.
Henry
The arched crown
V. has two arches, intersecting each other at right
angles above the centre of the crown.
In the crown of
VI. the arches are numerous, but in that of
Henry
Henry
VII. the two
arches only appear (No. 340).
The arched crown,
at
first,
has the arches elevated almost to a
HERALDRY,
264
point, after a while they are
pression
is
VI.,
Sovereigns,
James
II.,
is
number nas
The crown
and Charles
I.
No. 342. State
that
without any change during the reigns of
Mary, and Elizabeth.
crown of Charles
and
this de-
greatly increased.
The Crown remained
Edward
somewhat depressed, then
James
II.,
I.,
of the
Stuart
has four arches.
and Anne, had two
The
arches,
Crown of Her Majesty the Qleen.
Thus the crown
since remained unchanged.
brought to assume the character shown in No. 341, which has
four crosses patties,
crosses,
which
The
and
four fleurs-de-lis, set alternately
and two pearl-studded arches, which
circlet,
and are surmounted by a mound
in its turn
becomes subjected
State crown,
made
rise
on the
from within the
signifying the world,
to the cross.
for the coronation
of
Her Majesty
CROWNS, CORONETS, CAPS, MITRES,

THE Queen, and which
monial,
The
differs
used on occasions of high State cere-
is
from the preceding, principally in enrichment.
which are formed of wreaths of
arches,
shamrocks, are composed of

intersection
rather than
The
No.
gems (No.
heraldic
brilliants,
depressed.
covered with diamonds, and

other costly
265
&-c.
and
are elevated at the
The crown
completely
is
also richly studded with various
is
342).
crown incHnes
to a type of
an
earlier time.
This
No. 344. Prussian Crohn.
Coronet of the late

Prince Consort.
343.
heraldic crown of
and
roses, thistles,
Her Majesty
is
represented on page 278,
No. 368.
The Coronet
of
H.R.H. Albert,
the late
Prince Consort
(No. 343), has four arches; these arches rise from strawberryleaves.
This
is
not unlike the Prussian crown, which
is illustrated
for comparison, excepting that the latter has not a cap.
The coronet
only,
which
of
rises
H.R.H.
the
Prince of Wales, has one arch
from a jewelled
velvet (No. 345).
circlet.
The cap
The Prince of Wales
is
of
cnmson
also bears, as the
HERALDRY.
266
ensign of that Principality, a jewelled circlet heightened with four

crosses pattees
and as many
of three ostrich feathers.
fleurs-de-lis,
which enclose a plume
Below, on a ribbon, the motto, " Ich
Dicn'' (No. 375, page 288).
No. 345. Coronet of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.
The Coronets
of the other Princes, the sons of the
of the Princesses, the daughters of
circle of gold,
patties; there
surrounded with four

is
Queen, and
Majesty, are formed
fleurs-de-lis
of
and four crosses
no arched diadem, and the velvet cap
mounted with a golden
The
Her
is
sur-
tassel.
coronet of nephews of the blood Royal consists of a circle
of gold, surmounted with four strawberry-leaves, and four crosses

patte'es.
The
coronets of Princes, and Princesses, the grandsons, and
and granddaughters of the Sovereign, have the

heightened by two crosses patties, four
circle
fleurs-de-lis,
of gold
and two
strawberry-leaves.
The
crosses
coronets of the Royal cousins of the Sovereign have only
and
strawberry-leaves.

The monumental
furnish
some
effigies,
beautiful
33 7> P^ge 261,
and monuments of the middle ages
examples of crowns and coronets.
a crown from a
is
Countess of Richmond,
monument
of
Westminster Abbey.
a.d. 1509,
Duke
of a
No.
Margaret,
rr
CORONETS OF THE NOBILITY.
The coronet
267
&-c.
consists of a chased circle of gold,
heightened by eight strawberry-leaves, a cap of crimson velvet,

with a golden
five
tassel,
and guarded with ermine.
only of the leaves are shown (No. 346).
No.
No. 346. Duke's Coronet.
Black Prince,
In representations
The
effigy
of the
347 Marquess's Coronet.
a.d. 1376, at Canterbury, exhibits
on the basinet
what may have been the prototype of the Duke's strawberry-leaf

coronet
from the
series of the
circle there rise sixteen leaves, with a
same number and smaller
larger ones (No. 427,
Marquis
is
page 327).
The
a chased circlet of gold
second
size alternating with the
coronet of a Marquess, or
on
its
upper rim are
low points, surmounted by four heraldic pearls or

alternating with four strawberry -leaves, all of the
set four
balls of silver,
same
height.
HERALDRY.
268
Three of the
leaves,
representations.
tassel
De
(No. 347).
and two of the

is
of crimson velvet, and has a golden
first
Marquess in England was Robert
The cap
The
pearls only, are exhibited
Vere, Earl of Oxford, who, by Richard
II., a.d.
1387,
was created Marquess of Dublin.
No. 349. Coronet of Thomas Fitzalan,

Earl of Arundel, a.d. 1445.
No. 348. Earl's Coronet.
The
coronet of an
Earl
consists of a chased circlet of gold,
heightened by eight lofty rays, on which are set eight pearls;

also
between each pair of
rays,
at their bases, is
berry-leaf one-fourth of the height of the rays.

five
a golden straw-
In representations
of the pearls and four of the leaves are seen.
The cap
is
of
crimson, with a golden tassel (No. 348).
The
ages,
coronets worn by the Earls, and Countesses of the middle
and which are represented on some of the beautiful monu-
mental
effigies,
are very
interesting.
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,

mounted by
pearls,
rises
The
crest
from a plain
but without strawberry-leaves.
and Countess of Arundel,
of
Richard
circlet,
sur-
The Earl
at Arundel, early in the fifteenth

century, have remarkably rich coronets
and of
leaves
269
&-c.
the Earl's has a series of
clusters of three small balls alternating, all of
them
equally raised to a considerable height (No. 349). In the coronet of
the Countess the raised groups are set alternately with single balls
that are less elevated.
No. 350 represents the coronets of another
Earl and Countess of Arundel.
These are formed
entirely of
conventional architectural leaves of the period.
No. 350.--EARL AND Countess of Arundel,
The
coronet of a Viscount has a row of twelve, fourteen, or
sixteen pearls, set
upon a
of these pearls are
No.
351.
coronets was
cap
is
a.d. 1487.
circle of gold.
shown (No.
351).
Viscount's Coronet.
first
In representations, nine
The
privilege of wearing
No. 352. Baron's Coronet.
granted to Viscounts by
King James
I.
The
of crimson and the tassel of gold.
The coronet
of a
Baron
consists of a circle of gold,
surmounted
HERALDRY.
270
by
than those of a Viscount's coronet, and not
six pearls larger
placed in contact with each other, and a velvet cap and tassel of
This coronet was
gold (No. 352).
at the Restoration, before
The Coronet
is
of the Sovereign.
made
with
first
granted by
which the Barons wore plain gold
golden
II.,
circles.
worn by Peers on the occasion of the coronation

In comparatively modern times, they have been
to enclose a velvet cap, lined with ermine,
a.
Charles
tassel
but revived good taste
is
and surmounted
now
generally dis-
carding the velvet cap.
The
coronets, Nos. 346, 347, 348, 351
and 352, are the com-
monly accepted forms of these symbols ; but a more
artistic style
of design, and more in accordance with true heraldic feeling,
is
beginning to prevail.
HERALDIC CROWNS, CORONETS, AND CAPS.

Varieties
and modifications of ancient crowns, and
also of the
Duke's coronet, are used as heraldic accessories, and are sometimes
No.
borne as charges.
The
Corofiet (No. 353).

like
353.
latter is called
a Ducal Coronet, or a Crest
This was probably derived from the coronet-
enrichment of helms, as appears in
monumental
effigies
of the middle ages.
many
of the existing
&-c.
271
This coronet, although blazoned a ducal coronet, has no reference

to ducal, or to
to the
any other rank.
crowns of
Henry
III.
In form
it
bears a close resemblance
(No. 189, page 75) and Alianore
of Castile.
When
borne as a charge,
arms of the See of Ely
Those of the See of
One
this
form
is
generally drawn.
Bristol are sa., three ducal crowns in pale^ or.
of the shields on the beautiful chantry of
HAMPSTEADE,
The crowns
A.D. 1460,
is
Abbot Wheat-
charged with three crowns, two aful one.
are excellent early examples, having their circlets
heightened with alternate
crosses pattees
and fleurs-de-lis (No.
No. 354. Example of Crown, Abbey Church of
Crowns
The
are gu., three ducal crowns, or coronets or.
are frequently used with crests,
from them or are placed upon them.
Perth and Mel ford
is
The
and
St.
354).
Albans.
crests often issue
crest of the
Earl of
on a ducal coronet a sleuth-hound ppr.^
HERALDRY.
272
collared
and
The
leashed gu.
crest of the
Earl of Pomfret
out of a ducal coronety gold, a cock's head gu., crested

Beasts and birds,
when used as
One
with a ducal coronet.
champ
is
is
and wattled or.
crests, or supporters, are o(ten gorged
Earl Beau-
of the supporters of the
a swan gorged with a ducal coronet.
The Mural Crown
is
circle of
gold embattled, and
ciated with military success in sieges (No. 355).
Baron Seaton both
as a crest
and charge, and
It is
it is
it is
asso-
borne by
often granted
as a crest of augmentation.
No. 355. Mural Crown.
The Naval Crown

and square
sails
is
No. 356. Naval Crown.
a golden
circle
surmounted with sterns
of ships, placed alternately (No. 356).
Crown was granted
to
Earl Nelson
as
The Naval
an honourable augmenta-
tion to his arms.
No-
357 Crown Vallary.
The Crown Vallary

the rim
and
rising
above
The Eastern Crown,
No. 358. Eastern Crown.
is
it
(No. 357).
circlet
of gold, with palisades fixed to
called also the Radiated
on^ the Antique
CROWNS, CORONETS. CAPS, MITRES,

crown (No. 358),
family of
is
&~r.
borne both as a crest and as a charge.
Grant, of Kilgraston, Co.
Perth, bear as charges
273
The
//iree
antique crowns.
There are other crowns and caps used

difficult
The
in Heraldry,
which are
to place exactly according to their rank of precedence.
varieties of Mitres too, should, strictly,
precede some of the
before-mentioned crowns, but for clearness, and to prevent confusion, they are
arranged in a group by themselves.
No. 359. Crest and Cap of Maintenance of Lord Dynham, K.G.
The Cardinal's Hat

the Pope's
own
is
made
The
hat
not
the scarlet hat given to Cardinals by
hands, after the cap has been given or sent by a
special messenger.
who do
is
visit
Thus
it
happens, sometimes, that Cardinals,
Rome, never
receive the hat; but an exception
in favour of Royal houses, to

is
whom
broad-brimmed and very low
scarlet colour, with
two large triangular
the hat
may be
in the crown,
tassels,
sent.
and of a
themselves
18
made
HERALDRY.
274
of smaller tassels.
It
appears above certain shields of arms of
the middle ages.
The Cap of Maintenance was an

and rank
is still
it
symbol of high dignity
early
retained in use,
and
is
occasionally placed
beneath modern crests in place of the customary wreath.
crimson velvet, and guarded with ermine.

359)
is
of
The example (No.
drawn from the Garter-plate of Lord Dynham, K.G., at
is
Windsor, who died a.d. 1501.
The Cap
of Maintenance
not originally belong to any but nobles, but
Estate did
now
It
granted to gentlemen, and
is
it
or
is
borne, as the ducal coronet,
irrespective of rank.
MITRES.
The Mitre
is
the ensign of Archiepiscopal
and Episcopal rank
and dignity; by the Archbishops and Bishops of the Anglican
Church
No.
allowed to be used for every purpose but that for
Is
36a Archbishop Cranlrv,
which
the
it
it
was
Roman
first
a.d. 1407.
designed, and
Church.
No. 361. Bishop Goodryke, a.d.
it
is
1554.
worn only by Prelates of
In representations of the arms of Prelates

and
their Sees, the Mitre, as
a badge of
office, is
&-c.
275
placed above the
shield.
The contour
and
later
first,
very low, simple, and concave in outline,
more elevated and convex.
the brass to
Archbishop Cranley,
all
two
infulae,
No. 361
is
an example from
This
a.d. 1407, at Oxford.
is
or ribbons fringed at the ends,
depend from them.
from the brass of Bishop Goodryke, a.d. 1554, at
The next example assumes
Ely.
No. 360
other mitres are cleft from the summit downwards; and
and
the
of the Mitre underwent several changes in the
At
middle ages.
monument
of
the convex form; this
Archbishop Samuel Harnsett,
is
from
a.d. 1631, at
Chigwell, Essex,
No. 362. Archbishop Harnsett, a.d.
The
No. 363.Archbishop (Modern),
1631,
mitres of Archbishops are
from ducal coronets, as in No.
now
:^6^.
generally represented rising
Much
difference of opinion
exists as to the correct use of the ducal coronet,
and many eminent
182
HERALDRY.
276
heralds object to
its
The Bishops of Durham,
use.
as nominally
Counts Palatine of the County of Durham, as well as Bishops of

the See, had their mitres rising from a similar coronet, as in No. 364.
Many
curious examples of mitres with coronets, feathers,
appear on the seals of
crests
John de Fordham, 1382
of
Thomas de Hatfield,
a.d.
and
1345
and on the monument of Thomas
RuTHAL, 1520.
No. 364. Bishop of
The
Durham
No. 365 Bishop (Modern).
mitres of Bishops are
but there
is
now
no reason why the
usually represented as No. 365,

earlier
and more elegant forms
should not again be employed.

Mitres are used as charges and for differencing, as in the ex-
amples Nos. 310 and 311, page 247.
The
mitre,
the
Imperial crown of Austria greatly resembles the Episcopal
and
for
comparison
Emperor Francis
Garter-plate at Windsor.
is
illustrated
(No. 366).
The arms
of Austria, K.G., are blazoned
on
of
his
No. 366. Imperial
The Crown
end of
tions.
itself is
of Austria.
circle,
composed of
sixteen oak-leaves set erect
nine of which leaves appear in representa-
The crown encloses a cap of crimson
ermine, and
277
of the Kings-of-Arms (No. 367), placed at the
this chapter, is
upon a golden
Crown
&-c.
it is
surmounted by a golden
satin,
tassel
and
the legend, " Miserere mei Deus secimdum
iordiain ttiam.'^
No. 367. Crown of
turned up with
Herald Kings-of-Arms.
in the circle
magnam
miseri-
No. 368. Her Majesty
CHAPTER
ROYAL HERALDRY.
THE
Queen Victoria.
XVIII.
ARMS
OF THE SOVEREIGNS OF
ENGLAND.
shields of the early
Norman Kings
questionable authenticity, and
them by the heralds of a

Princes.
azurtf
For
may have been
later period, as
instance, the
arms of
of England are of
assigned to
they were to the Saxon
Edward the Confessor,
cross JUurie^ between five martlets or.
must have been
as-
ROYAL HERALDRY.
signed to him
many
i-jc^
years after his death, since the Royal Heraldry
of England unquestionably dates its
origin from a period subsequent
to the Conquest.
Many
Confessor,
Westminster Abbey, Luton Church, Beds., Westminster Hall,
in
These examples
&c.
is
beautiful examples remain of the shield of the
sometimes
differ
only in the form of the cross, which
hX^-zon^di fleiiriey fleurettee,
and
arms was impaled by Richard H., and
some of
was granted by him to
Thus^ the arms of the Confessor
his near kinsmen.
Thomas Holland,
were granted to
it
This coat of
paiojiu.
to be impaled to the dexter
within a bordiire ermine.
William
leopards, of his
liam
II.,
assumed the " two golden
Norman Duchy," and
Henry
shield thus
to have
said to have
I. is
I.,
these were borne
We
and Stephen.
should
gu.^ two lions pass, guard. ^ inpale^
now
or.
lions, or
by Wil-
blazon their
Stephen
is
said
borne on a red shield three golden centaurs armed with bows
and arrows
but this idea
may have
"
arisen from the " Sagittary
having been Stephen's badge.
The Plantagenets, Henry
Edward
L,
Edward
of his reign, a.d.

pale, or. (No. 189,
The
on
II.,
and Edward
III.
till
the thirteenth year
hons pass, guard. y in
gu.^ three
page 75.)
on the second great
the great seals of John,
IL, and on the
The second
Richard I., John, Henry III.,
1154 1340, bore
three lions appear
Edward
II.,
first
great seal of
Henry
HI.,
and second great
Henry HI.
seal of
Richard
Edward
seals of
for the first
I.,
L, and of
Edward
III.
time bears the
HERALDRY.
28o
words
**
DEI
gratia
anglie
kex
'*
:
&c.
These
arrns
were also
borne by the various Royal branches with the marks of cadency

as in the shield of
Henrvt of Lancaster, England,
differenced
with
an azure Jbendlet (No. 369).
No. 369. Henry, second Son of Edmond, first Earl of Lancaster.
The Royal arms of
the French Kings (No. 207, page 100) were
introduced into the English shield a.d. 1340, by
consequence of
shield
his claim to
be King of France
and placed the French arms in the
and the English
lions in the
second and
first
Edward
he quartered the
and fourth
third.
III., in
This
is
quarter,
blazoned
France ancient and England quarterly (No. 370).
Richard
II.,
upon
his great
seal,
retained the arms of his
grandfather without any change, but elsewhere he generally associ-
ated with them, the arms attributed to
Edward the Confessor.
About the year 1365, Charles V. of France reduced the number of the
fleurs-de-lis in his
the same change in the
arms to
first
three only.
Henry IV.
effected
and fourth quarters of the arms of
ROYAL HERALDRY,
This modification, which bears three
England.
is
281
styled in Heraldry
^^
fleurs-de-lis only,
France modern,'' and thus
from the shield semee de
lis,
or
^^
France
is
distinguished
ancient!'
Henry
IV.
before his accession bore France ancient (No. 370).
No. 370.-- Shield borne by
Henrv
Henry
as
No. 371
is
an
Prince of Wales, from
Windsor.
Henry
VI,,
illustration of the shield of
Henry
V.
his stall-plate in St. George's Chapel,
This bears the label as a mark of cadency.

VI.,
Edward
IV.,
and the Tudor Sovereigns,
and
4,
Elizabeth sometimes
Edward
Henry
Mary, and Elizabeth,
quarterly:
a.d. 1399.
bore France modern and England quarterly, as
V.
IV.
Henry Plantagenet of Bolingbroke,
all
V.,
VII.,
bore
France modern;
also bore Ireland.
and Richard
Henry
the
and
VIII.,
Edward
same arms,
3,
III.
viz.,
England; but
HERALDRY.
282
No. 371. Shield of
James
Henry
Prince of Wales.
incorporated into the Royal shield, the arms of both
I.
The arms
Scotland and Ireland.
double tressure flory counter-flory,

latter are
V. as
azure,
a harp
of the former are

lion
or^ stringed
or^
within a
rampant gu.; those of the

argent.
The arrangement
adopted to introduce these two coats involved quarterly quarteringt as
No. 35, page
18.
The
original shield (France
land) occupied the four divisions
and Eng-
and D, Scotland the
division
B, and Ireland that of C.
Charles
as
James
I.,
I.,
Charles IL and James
and
it
II.
bore the same shield
was thus blazoned: quarterly:
ist
and ^th
grand quarters^ France modern and England quarterly; 2nd grand

quarterJ Scotland, $rd grand quarter, Ireland,
William
III.
retained the
Sovereign, he placed
upon
it,
same
shield,
but,
as
an elected
in pretence, his paternal
arms of
'
ROYAL HERALDRY.
Nassau,
az., billetee^
Stuart
the
rampant
lion
283
Mary,
or.
shield; and, during her
his consort, bore
Royal arms
Hfetime, the
appeared impaled^ to denote the joint sovereignty of the King
The Royal
and Queen.
both the dexter and
was
shield, accordingly,
sinister half with the
those on the dexter having Nassau in pretence.
Mary, William discontinued
of
Anne,
until
May
i,
land, another change took place,
England impaling Scotland ;
in the
I.
on
2,
his accession
Royal shield
blazoned
After the death
the impaled shield.
1707, bore the shield of her predecessor
(excepting Nassau in pretence)
George
but after the union with Scot-
and
was quarteiiy
it
France modern ;
made
it
Lunenburgh
and, over
all,
an
gules,
i,
two
lions
2,
George H. bore
The Royal
George
coiirant argent, for
Norman
3,
same
Westphalia
cha?ged with the golden crown
shield,
after
incorporating the
blazoned Quarterly:
France;
the
passant
semee of hearts, a lion ra77ipant, azure,
a horse
inescutcheo?z gules,
Hanoverian arms, was

paling Scotia fid;
or,
3, gides
of Charlemagne.
^,
the arms of Hanover, which are thus
for
2,
and
necessary to assign a place
Per pale and per chevron :
shield of England)
3, L-elatid.
guardant, in pale, or^ for Brunswick (the same as the
for
on
charged
same Stuart arms,
Ireland;
4,
i,
E?igla?id
iin-
Hanover.
shield as his predecessor.
IH., during part of his reign, bore the shield of his
predecessor; but, upon the ist January, 1801, by Royal proclamation, the
land,
French
fleurs-de-lis
and the Royal
were removed from the arms of Eng-
shield of
England during the
latter part
of
HERALDRY.
284
this
3,
King's reign was
Ireland;
and over
quarterly:
a7td ^,
England;
all hi pretence^ Hanover.
the inescutcheon of pretence was ensigned

the Electoral bonnet of Hanover.
2,
From 1801
by George
Scotland;
till
18 16
III. with
In 18 16 the Electorate of Han-
over was elevated to the rank of a Kingdom, and from that date
the shield of pretence was ensigned with a Royal crown.
George
IV. and
William IV. bore the
shield without alter-
ation.
No. 37a. Shiild op Arms op H.R.H. the late Prince Consort.

ROYAL HERALDRY.
On
dom
the accession of
Her Majesty Queen
Victoria, the King-
of Hanover passed from the Sovereign of this country, and
therefore the Hanoverian escutcheon of pretence ceased to form
part of the Royal arms
and thus the Royal
of insignia of the three realms of
tlie
shield
composed
is
United Kingdom, England,
Scotland, and Ireland, as in No. 368, page 278.
His
late
Royal Highness Albert, the Prince Consort, bore the
arms of Saxony quarterly, with the Royal arms of England

enced with his own label
the central point with
barry of
ten,
or
The
cross gu.
and sa.
he conferred the
a label of three points
As an augmentation
his head,
shield of the newly-created
aldry blazoned as a bend
blazoned a
and threw
Duke.
off the
it
when
Crown of Rue
obliquely across the
This bend
treflee vert,
or a coronet extended in bend.
shield of
to these arms,
Dukedom of Saxony upon Bernard, Count of
which he wore upon
The
differ-
charged on
ancient arms of Saxony were
AscANiA, the Emperor Barbarossa took
tinent,
arg.^
English Her-
is in
or as a bend archee
This chaplet of rue
is,
coronettee,
on the Con-
Crajicelin.
His
late
Royal Highness (No. 372)
with the Garter and ensigned with his
own
is
coronet (No. 343).
This singular example of quartering differenced arms,

accordance with the rules of Heraldry, and
encircled
is
in itself
is
not in
an heraldic
contradiction.
H.R.H. Albert Edward, Prince of Wales,

the
Royal arms of England,
Apparent a
usually bears
differenced with the label of the
label of three points arg. ; over all,
Heir
Saxony : Suppor-
HERALDRY,
286
the
ters
coronet
renced
Hon and unicorn of England, diferenced with
of the Prince: Crest
and crowned as
tlie
Na
373
of RoTHSAv,
DsiCN
and
the crest of Eitgland, but the lion diffe-
dexter supporter.
The Prince of Wales, K.G., K.S.L,

wall and
the label
is
also
Earl of Chester,
Duke of Corn-
of Dublin,
and of
FOR Marshalling the Arms of the Prince of Wales, K.G.
Carrick, Baron Renfrew, and Lord of the Isles;

right of his father, is
for marshalling the
Duke
of Saxony.
No. 373
is
a suggestion
arms of the Prince, differenced with
label, quarterly
with Saxony.
the eldest son
and
That
heir of the
is, it
also, in
his
own
represents the Prince as
Queen and
of the late Prince
ROYAL HERALDRY.
Consort.
The escutcheon
287
of pretence quarters Cornivally Chester,
Rothsay, and Dublin (the label improperly omitted), and
it
bears
the feudal shield of the Isles in pretence.
The arms
of Cornwall are
sa.^ ten bezants^
four, three, two^
and
one.
Rothsay
Chester
Dublin
Scotiatid, differeticed
with a label of three points arg.
az.^ three garbs or (No. 236, page 152).
Ireland^ differenced with a label of three point
Lord of the
Isles
arg.^
<;
arg.
on waves of the sea ppr.^ a lymphad
sa.
HERALDRY,
288
No. 375. Shield of the Prince of
hearts gu.^ three lions pass, guard,
Wales impaling Denmark.
inpaky
az.j
crowmd gold; but
the
shield of the Princess, after the manner of continental Heraldry,

is
one of many quarterings
shield,
when blazoned with
ling exhibits the
shield of the
and
all its
it
is
very remarkable that this
various bearings, in
same order of arrangement as
its
marshal-
distinguishes the
Prince of Wales himself when completely blazoned.
No. 374 represents the quartered shield of the Princess

the white cross of
Detimark upon red:
i,
Denmark;
2,
a, a, a, a,
Schleswig;
RO YAL HERALDR Y.
3,
Sweden modern
5,
Faroe Islands,
bear ra?npt. arg.
az.^
cock passant arg.
Jutland
7,
Iceland, gu.^ a stockfish arg.j crowned
4,
8,
Dietmarschen (Ditzmers);
On
coupcd arg.
Oldenburg;
14,
6,
Greenland,
az.^
9,
Holstein
12, Lanenbiirg, gti.,
or. ;
a polar
On
Ensign of the Vandals.
secondary shield, or inescutcheon

II,
29
the
Stormerk;
10,
a horses head
the the third shield, in pretence over
all
13,
Delmenhurst.
In marshalling the arms of the present Prince and Princess
OF Wales, the early usage of impaling the arms of a married

Prince and Princess has been set aside, and the arms of the Prince
are placed
on one
shield
and those of the Princess on another.
No. 375 represents the arms of the Prince impaling the arms of
Denmark proper in
exact accordance with early principles and early
practical usage.
The marks
Queen
of cadency of the family of
Her Majesty the

"
are as follows
H.R.H. Albert Edward, K.G., Prince of Wales,
K.S.I.
label of three points arg. (No. 376.)
H.R.H. the Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
on the first
and thirdpoints^ ananchor az.^ on the centralpoint a cross gu. (No. 378.)
H.R.H. THE Prince Arthur,Duke of Connaught

between two fleurs-de-lis
H.R.H. THE
between two
late
az.
a cross gu.^
(No. 380.)
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany
hearts^ all gu.
a cross
(No. 382.)
H.R.H. THE Princess Royal
a rose between two
crosses^ all
gu. (No. 377.)

19

HERALDRY.
290
No, 376. Prince of Wales.
+n$
No. 378. Pkince Alfked.
c=
No. 380. Prince Arthur.
No. 382. Prince Leoi'olu.
ROYAL HERALDRY.
H.R.H. THE Princess Alice: a
rose gu.
291
between two ermine
spots (No. 379).
H.R.H. THE Princess Helena
cross
between
t2ao roses, ail
gu. (No. 381.)
H.R.H. the Princess Louisa
a rose between two cantons^ all
gu. (No. 38 2 A.)
H.R.H. the Princess Beatrice: a
heart between two rose:;
allgu. (No. 383A.)
The
as the
The
crest
and supporters of the Princes are differenced as well
Royal arms, and they ensign the shield with the coronet.
upon a lozenge ensigned
Princesses bear the Royal arms
with their coronet, but they do not bear the crest.
H.R.H. the Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence
AND AvoNDALE
the
arms of his father
differenced.
H.R.H. THE Duke of Cambridge, K.G.,

arms, supporters and crest, with his
own
differences the
label,
Royal
a cross between two
hearts, all gu. (No. 383.)
The Royal crowns
are described in the chapter
the supporters and badges are given
on Crowns, and
in the respective chapters
Supporters and Badges.
192
upon
No. 384. Arms of
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington.
CHAPTER
XIX.
AUGMENTATION.
AN
Augmentation, or Augmentation of Honour,

able addition to arms, specially granted to
some heroic deed.

shields of pretence,
selves,
as
badges,
an honour-
commemorate
Augmentations are generally charged upon
and these
are distinct
and are never quartered.
crests,
is
They
and supporters.
Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, and
and complete
in
are also frequently borne
Henry VHI.
granted to
his posterity, for his victory at
Flodden Field, wherein King James IV. of Scotland was

Sept.
9,
5 13,
as a
detni-lion only^
which
is pierced
mouth with an arrow, to be charged upon the
Howard
(No. 385).
slain,
commemorative Augmentation, the Royal
shield of Scotland, having

the
them-
silver
through
bend of
AUGMENTATION.
Henry
293
VIII. granted to some of his consorts Augmentations
The Duke of Somerset
to their paternal arms.
mentation granted by him to
bears the Aug-
Lady Jane Seymour.
No. 385. Augmented Shield of Howard.
The Earl of Rutland

ancestor by
that
lion
is,
Henry
quarterly
of England.
bears an Augmentation granted to his
VIII.,
and
viz.,
4, az.^
a chief of France afid England^
two fkurs-de-h's or;
and
Augmentations were granted
King Edward
at almost all periods.
the Black Prince granted Richard de la Bere a
reward
This chief was anciently^?/./ the Augmentation
represents a descent from the blood Royal of
sisting of
3, gu.y
a plume of
ostrich feathers out
for rescuing that
of a ducal
IV.
Edward
con-
crest,
corofiet^
as a
Prince from danger.
The crowned heart, on the
shield of
Douglas, was
Augmenta-
tion granted about 1330, as a reward for the services of Sir
Douglas, who conveyed the heart of King Robert
James
to the
Holy
Land.
To
the arms of Fitz-Harding,
Lord Berkeley, were added
HERALDRY
294
ten crosses pattee ar., after his return
Berkeleys
still
from the Holy Wars, and the
bear these in their arms.
The Duke of Newcastle

quarterly shield of
quarters the celebrated
augmented
Pelham, which Augmentation was granted
commemoration of the capture of John, King of France,

Poictiers,
by Sir John Pelham
gii.^
fessc^ their buckles in chiefs arg., in
The Pelhams
at
two dcmi-belts palemise, in
the 2nd and 3rd quarters with
No. 386.Augmented Shield of Pelham.
Pelham fl2.,
in
No. 387.~Harpur Crewe, Bart.
three pelicans arg.^ vulning themselves ppr. (No. 386).
also
assumed as a
crest
and
cage,
as a badge,
buckle.
Sir Cloudesley Shovel (a.d.
1692),
whose arms surmount
the old clock at Rochester, bore as an Augmentation, to com-
memorate two naval

and
for
victories over the Turks,
a victory over the French, a fleur-de-lis
In the seventeenth century,
renced by Augmentation.
of
Harpur Crewe,
Bart.,
many
No. 387
is
ad. 1626:
ticfo
or.
shields of
arms were
an Augmented
arg.^
crescents az, ;
shield,
diffe-
that
a lion nunpt.y within a
A UGMENTA TION.
bordure engr.
No. 389, Molesworth, Bart,
sa.
a bordure gu., charged with
One more example
is
a.d. 1689
that of Astley,
:
az.,
Baron Hastings, who

a
cinquefoil erm., within
engr. or (No. 388).
No. 388.Astley,
special warrant,
No. 3S9. Molesworth, Bart.
Baron Hastings.
Sir Francis Grant,
Lord Cullen, born
in 1660, received
under the hand of King George
I.,
granting him
the unusual armorial Augmentation of a bordure ermiiUy as a
mony
vaivy
crosses crosslet or.
bore the Astley shield Augmented
a bordure
295
testi-
of his Sovereign's favour, and a memorial of his judicial
eminence, together with two angels as supporters; the motto

**
Suwn
Jirch
of a
"
cuique " on
on a
scroll
Hebrew
a scroll above,
below
the
and the motto
only instance in Scottish Heraldry
motto.
John Churchill, K.G,
first
Duke of Marlborough,
granted, as an honourable Augmentation, in

ajg.y
^^/eho7'ah
charged with the
escutcheon of the
cross
of
St.
chiefs
George^ gu.,
arms of France (No. 390).
an
and
was
incscutcheon
thereon
an
HERALDRY.
296
Augmentations of honour were also granted to General Sir
Edward Kerrison and

The Augmentation
the most appropriate,
to
Horatio, Viscount Nelson.
of the
Duke of Wellington
and the most
in
heraldic feeling that could be devised,
is
perhaps
accordance with ancient
viz.,
an
inescutcheon charged
with the Union device of Great Britain and Ireland (No. 384,
page 292).
Augmentations are borne also upon the colours of our

ments, and the clasp that
and
soldiers
may be
Na 39aAkms
is
added
to the
medals of our
regi-
sailors
considered as an Augmentation of Honour.
op Spencer Churchill,
Duke of Marlborough.
No. 391. Crested Helm, from Cobham Church, Kent.
CHAPTER
XX.
CRESTS.
CREST
soldiers
is
a figure or device, originally of even greater
honour than coats of arms, worn by heroes and by

of superior military
upon the helm,
that
command.
The
Crest was worn
the bearer might be distinguished in an
engagement, and that notice might be taken of his valorous

actions.
It
is
evident, that with the
the middle ages,
it
was necessary
for warriors to
tinguishing mark, whereby their friends
them.
The
armour that was worn

have some
in.
dis-
and enemies might know
Crest was generally worn supported by a Chapeau
or Wreath, or sometimes
it
issued from a coronet.
an example, from one of the celebrated brasses
No. 391
in
is
Cobham
HERALDRY.
298
The
Church, Kent, of a helmet surmounted by a Crest.

of the figure rests
The
upon the helm, which
Crest was generally
and was laced on

was kept
in
435)
Kent,
is
of
liead
used as a pillow.
wood
or of stiffened leather,
and
to the top of the helmet,
in
some instances
place by an arched support rising from the upper
its
Crest,
an old man's head,
suspended in the chancel of
Cobham Church,
back part of the helm.

(>fo.
made
is
still
helm with the
has a support, not unlike the head-rest used by
this Crest
modern photographers.
The
ducal coronet, so often used with Crests,
is
described in the
chapter on coronets.
The Wreath
is
principal metal,
in the case of
those of the
now
represented as having six folds, three of the
and three of the principal colour of the arms, and
a quartered shield, the tinctures of the wreath are
first
quarter.
Crests are not borne in the armorial insignia of ladies, with the
exception of the Sovereign.

Crests, as hereditary bearings, are of later origin than coats of
arms, but they form a very important part of
Thousands of men wear Crests upon
are altogether ignorant of what a Crest really
know
the difference between a Crest
They wcare
The
helm.
earliest Crests
Richard
is,
and yet they
and do not even
and coat of arms.
thcirc grandsircs signet
Yet aske them whence
modern Heraldry.
their rings, &c.,
theire crest
on
is,
theire
thumb,
they are nnim.
were fan-like decorations surmounting the
I. in his
second
seal, a.d.
1194,
is
represented
CRESTS.
bearing one of these.
device
is
299
In some instances the same decorative
represented on the head of the charger as upon the
helm of the mounted knight.
Edward
upon
III.,
heraldic Crest
his great seal, for the first time bears a true
the crowned lion of Englatid standing upon a
chapeau, and this has ever since been the Crest of England.
It
has always been customary to display marks of cadency upon

the Royal and other Crests, as upon shields.
No. 393. Crest-Wkeath:
No. 392. Crest: Sir Thomas

DE Saint Quintin.
Probably of
Lord Willoughby de Eke by
Feathers were very generally borne as Crests in the middle

ages,
and
plume.
tliese
were frequently formed into a panache, or upright
No. 428, page 328, represents the panache, formed of
peacock's feathers, of Sir
Edmund de Thorpe,
In his brass at Harpham, a.d. 1420, Sir
Quintin
upon
is
a.d. 1418.
Thomas de Saint
represented with a singular modification of the panache
his basinet (No. 392).
In another brass at Spilsby, a knight
has his basinet encircled with an orle of roses (No. 393).
HERALDRY.
300
The
seal of
Edmund de Arundel, who was
Earl from 1301 to
1326, has two crested helms placed at the sides of the shield
(No. 398, page 302).
Panache or Plume
circlet (Nos.
No.
Crests are
other Crests, are sometimes
by the Tyndalls, with
differenced; as
ermine
Crests, like
a martlet or an
394 and 395).
394.
now
either
Crests of Tyndall.
No.
395.
generally represented resting
but the Crest-coronet, and also the chapeau, are
modern
still
retained in
In No. 359, page 273, an ennine^ the Crest of
blazon.
Lord Dynham,
tall
upon a wreath,
K.G., stands upon a cap of estate between two
spikes.
The
Crest of
way Crests
396)
is
are
Cape (No. 397) is an example of the customary

now represented. The Crest of Newcombe (No.
another modern example.
Every description of animal,
Percy
lion
bird, &c., is
(No. 196, page 81), the
page 81), and the dun
bull's
well-known animal Crests.
used as a Crest.
Howard
lion
(No.
The
197,
head of Neville, are amongst the
CRESTS.
There
is
301
a very interesting and romantic story attached to the
Crest of the Stanleys,
a7i eagle
and child.
An
eagle having built
a nest in Terlestowe Wood, one day brougnt a child swaddled in

a red mantle.
The Lord of Latham made
who, having grown to
The
Stanley.
present
Earl of Derby
Crests,
father of
John
bears this Crest.
No. 397. Crest of Cape.
No. 396. Crest of Newcombe.
Many
this child his heir,
manhood, became the
other interesting stories are attached to the origin of
some
DowNE, a
real
and others
fanciful.
The
Crest of the
Viscount
deini- Saracen in armour, holding in the dexter hafid
ring, gold, stoned az.,
was granted
and
in the sinister, a lion's gatnb, erased, or,
to his ancestor. Sir
slain a Saracen Prince,
William d'Aunay, who, having
and afterwards
killed a lion,
he cut
off the
HERALDRY,
302
paw
of the lion and presented
to the King,
it
approbation, gave the warrior a ring from his

ring'is
still
in the family's possession),
special grant from the
Crown
he should
bears.
certain conditions,
as an augmentation,
and by
the Royal licence permitting a subject to bear the arms and

of another family in addition to, or instead
his
finger (which
that
Downe now
Two, and more, Crests can be borne under

by
own
and ordered
bear the Crest which the present Viscount
viz.,
who, to record
of, his
own
name
in these
cases the two Crests are displayed above the quartered arms.
The
Crests of
Wellesley, Hardinge, Cameron, &c., were
grants of augmentation.
Crests have been considered
by some heralds
bearings only, but there can be
little
doubt
were, as they are now, hereditary.
No. 398. Edmund uu Arunobil.
to
be personal
that, like arms,
they
No. 399.Tudor Rose, from the Cedar Coffin of
Queen Elizabeth.
CHAPTER XXL
BADGES AND KNOTS.
BADGES.
BADGES,
crests,
or Cognizances, are figures, totally distinct from
and are borne without a
ginally borne only
shield.
Crests were
ori-
by such as had superior military command, but
Badges were worn also by dependants, subordinates, and
soldiers.
Badges were usually embroidered on the sleeves of servants and

followers,
at
and on the breasts and backs of
Westminster Abbey and some
soldiers.
The bedesmen
of our cathedrals have
still
the
HERALDRY.
304
Tudor rose embroidered on

the
Tower
bear
still
The Badge
is
on
and
for
at
been introduced by
Henry
II.,
and
other persons personally bore Badges, and used
for tlie decoration of their military
furniture,
and the Old Guard
their breasts.
said to have
many Royal and

them
it
their sleeves,
equipments, household
every variety of decorative purpose.
Badges, like arms, are hereditary, and in the early days of Heraldry
it
was considered a great punishment to be deprived of one's
Badge.
No. 400.Tub
Many
families,
White Hart, Badge of Richard
II.
of the signs of our old inns are the Badges of ancient
and passing through the
streets of
London we
of these referring to the past, such as the Badge of

the white hart (No. 400)
the boards head of
see
many
Richard
Richard
III.,
II.,
and
the greyhound of the Tudors.
Badges generally have reference to some heroic deed, or to some

BADGES AND KNOTS.
family or feudal alliance
305
they are sometimes the same device as
the crest, or a charge of the shield, and two or
be borne
more Badges may
combination, or as distinct devices.
in
In the Second Part of " Henry VI." (Act V., Scene
i),
Shak-
SPEARE, with characteristic discrimination, has adverted to the use
He makes
of Badges.
Clifford conclude
his brief
threatening
address to Warwick with the words,

Might
to
I but
know
which appeal Warwick
thee by thy household badge
replies,
Now, by my father's badge, old Neville's

The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff.
among
First
planta genista
name
of
Henry
pods)
and red
some of
the
roses of
Next
to this in
York and Lancaster.
the Sovereigns are
Sagittarius.
The
I.
to our early Sovereigns.
ivhite
plajita genista (showing the leaves
escai'buncie ;
Richard
separately
II.
an
of
is
simple sprig of broom-plant which gave the
Plantagenet
importance are the
Stephen
crest,
the Badges of the Sovereigns of England
that
The Badges
a sword ; and an
star issuing
from a
and seed-
oiive branch.
crescent
a star and
crescent
a mailed arm, the hand grasping a broken lance; a sun
on two anchors, with the motto, " Christo duce^^
A star issuing from

III.
A rose or, stalked ppr.
A castle of Castile.
John and Henry
Edward
\.\
Edward
11.
Edward
III.
Jâjs issuing
from a
crescent.
cloud ; the stock of a

20
tree,
HERALDRY.
^06
couped; a falcon; a gryphon; an ostrich feather ; a fieiir-de-lis ;
and
a sword.
Richard
II.
An
ostrich feather; the
the sun in splendour ;
401)
stock
of a
No. 401. Badge of Richard
stock
II.,
from his
Effigj' at
Westminster.
IV.: The monogram SS.; a crescent; a fox's
of a
an
tree-y
panther; an
ermi?ie or gennet;
ostrich feather ;
the Lancastrian red rose,
Henry
the
and a whitefalcon.
tree;
Henry
sun behind a cloud (No.
a white hart lodged (No. 400)
An
V.:
an
a cro^vned
eagle displayed;
and tJie white swan of
ostrich feather ;
eagle:
tait ;
a craianed
a columbine flaiuer
the
De Bohuns.
chai/ied antelope;
a chained
swan; and a fire-beacon.
Henry
VI.:
chained afttelope; a spotted panther ;
and two
ostrich feathers in saltire.
Edward
IV.
A black bull, (Clarence)
a white wolf and a white
andfetterlock ;
Edward
lion,
the sun in splendour;
V. and
(Mortimer)
a black dragon, (Ulster)

;
and a white
Arthur Tudor,
as
a white hart; a falcon

rose 7uith rays.
Princes of Wales,
c.\
BADGES AND KNOTS.

hibit
on
are held
their seals single feathers.
by
307
Edward's
Prince
feathers
402), and Prince Arthur's by dragons
lions (No.
(No. 403).
No.
No.
402.
Fkom the Seals of Edward
Richard
and a falcon
Henry
III.
ivith
VII.
a dun
and a crowned fleur-de-lis.

Westminster, contains
VIII.
portcullis;
royally crowned, with cypher
Henry
the sun in splendour ;
a virghisface, holding a white
dragon^ (Cadwallader)
HR. ;
a white boar;
rose.
greyhound courant ; a red
(Warwick); a hawthorn bush

a rose of York and Lancaster
beautiful chapel of this King, at
illustrations of his
portcullis
Lancaster; a white cock;
ivhite
coia,
The
many
403.
and Arthur Tudor, as Princes of Wales.
A luhite rose;
A
V.,
fleur-de-lis ;
Badges.
a rose of York a?td
and a white greyhound courant.
The pomegranate,
Boleyn A crowtud falcon
His Queens: Catherine of Arragon

rose,
a)id the sheaf of arrows.
Anne
the
20- -2
HERALDRY.
3o8
holding a
A Phoenix
Catherine Parr A maiden!
between Tudor roses.
a large Tudor
rising from
Edward
Mary:
Tudor
VI.
rising from
Jane Seymour
sceptre,
T/ie
rose.
castle,
s head crowned,
sun in splendour, and the Tudor
rose.
pomegranate; a pomegra7iate and
rose conjoined; the
a sheaf of arrows,
with a crown, and
rose impaling
ensigtied
st0rroufided by rays.
Elizabeth
Tudor
the
rose.
T/ie
crowned falcon atid
The
latter is
coffin that contains her
James
I.
Charles
sceptre of
carved upon the
her mother, a?id

of the cedar
lid
remains at Westminster (No. 399, page
A thistle, and a rose and thistle dimidiated and crowned.

I.,
Charles
II.,
and James
II.
The same Badges
as
James L
Anne
rose-branch
and a
thistle
growing from one stalk and
crowned.
From
this
time personal Badges ceased to be adopted by English
Sovereigns, but the rose,

perially
thistle,
and shamrock,
all
of them im-
crowned, as the Badges of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
have permanently taken their place in the Royal achievement of

England.
The
Ostrich Feather was a very favourite
of the middle ages.
All the sons of
Henry
retained in use until, with the close of the
Badge of the Princes

IV. bear
it,
and
Plantagenet
it
was
era,
it
gradually assumed a distinctive character as the peculiar ensign of

the
Princes of Wales.
The Black Prince gave
directions that
BADGES AND KNOTS.

on the occasion of his
be displayed, one "
funeral,
for war,"
two
distinct armorial shields should
and the other " for peace," and these
monument
are displayed on his
309
at
Canterbury
that
for war
is
charged with the quartered arms of Fra?tce and Etigland^ with his
silver label;
and
\}ci2X
for peace
is sable,
three ostrich feathers argent,
their quills passing through scrolls with the
At the time of the Stuarts, three
(No. 229, page 145).

feathers were
coronet,
grouped together within the
and these
motto "Z:// Dien''
are
now
circles
familiar to us, being
ostrich
of a princely
borne by our own
Prince of Wales.
No.
404.
Heraldic Rose.
Another renowned
historical
Pullutm Church, Norfolk,
Badge
is
the Rose, tinctured either
argent or gules, or having both the metal
(No. 260, page 189).

is
The
most probably owing
large
number of
to the "
Wars of
and colour conjoined

roses borne in Heraldry
the Roses,"
when
the
badge of a white or red rose held such an important meaning.
The De Bohun Badge
is
another celebrated early Badge.
HERALDRY.
3IO
Henry
and
it is
introduced into the central spandrel of the canopy of the
De
BoHUN
gorged
upon
of Bolingbroke displays this
brass at Westminster.
and chained iô.
his standard,
This Badge
405).
De Bohun Badge. From the central spandrel

405.
Alianorb de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, a.d.
No.
is
a swan ppr.^ ducally
of the
Canopy of the Brass
1399, in
to
Westminster Abbey.
Numerous examples might be given of famous badges, but

space only permits a few of these to be given.
Badge of Warwick,
a
crest)
and the
Grenville,
Hunger ford
most important
most
portcullis of the
Gaunt
heraldic
from John of Beaufort,
the buckle of
Pelham
the sickle of
and the human heart of Douglas, are among the

historical Badges.
placed under the head of Badges,
Rebus.
Nevilles, borne by Neville
interesting class of devices,
allusive to the
The well-known
a ragged staff {bonit also as
in allusion to his descent
son of John of
the bear chained to
name
is
which may be properly
that in
or office of the bearer,
which the device
is
and may be termed a
In the middle ages the Rebus was a favourite form of

expression,
and many quaint and
curious
examples
BADGES AND KNOTS.

remain of such devices
Ramryge,
at St. Albans,
monument
for instance, the
abounds
which has, on a collar about
its
in
311
of
Abbot
of rams^ each of
figures
An
neck, the letters ryge.
ash-
UTTINC.
No.
406.
Collar of Ram, bearing the letters "
No. 407. Head of Ram, from the
ttre
growing out of a cask or
ryge.'
Monument to Abbot Ramryge.
tim, for the
another exam.ple of a numerous
series.
name
The
of
Langton
and a
ton for
for T.
HuNTON
Bolton
a capital
a vme and a
its
ton for
beak charged with the
of the Bishop's
name
to7i
or tun
a musical note called " long "
A.D. 15 19, in Exeter Cathedral, has
iabel in
is
tun, to represent
the terminal syllable "ton," was in great favour.
pierced by a bird-bolt for
Ashton,
and a hen
Winton.
a device
letters
dom;
sitting
on a
ion
Bishop Oldham,
an
this
^w/ with the

forms a Rebus
ozvl-dom, or old-ha?n (No. 408).
Bishop
HERALDRY.
312
Norwich, has his Rebus a stag or hart lying down.
Lyhart,
at
Dering
of
In Abbot Islip's Chapel, Westminster,
tree.
human
man
eye,
Kent has a
deer
and a ring; Barker, a man barking
and a small branch
in the act of falling
from a
or slip
tree,
of a
his
is
tree,
and exclaiming
No. 408. Rebus of Bishop Oluham.
Rebus
and another, a
"/j-//)>."
Exeter Cathedral.
These canting or punning devices are most numerous among

ecclesiastics,
and the Badge of Abbot John of Wheathamstede,
No. 409. Badge op Abdot John de Whkathamstbdk.
A.D. 1460, a cluster of ivhcat-ears carved

St.
Albans (No. 409),
St Albans Abbey,
upon
his
a.d. 1460.
monument
at
illustrates the careful treatment, as well as
BADGES AND KNOTS.

the ingenuity of the designers
to ecclesiastics or to
the
313
Rebus was not
restricted
noblemen, for in some instances we find
it
borne somewhat as a trade-mark, as Grafton, the publisher, used

as his sign the graft of a tree issuing
There
as the
is
from a
ton.
a class of Badges which are borne upon the shield, such
Badge of Ulster
arg.^
badge
a sinister hand, couped at

borne by
appaiimky gu.
upon a small
shield of pretence.
this
is
all
the wrist
and
Baronets, and generally
KNOTS.
Knots are a
distinct class of devices
borne as Badges.
They
are represented as formed of intertwined cords, probably originally
No.
410.
No.
413.
No.
411.
No. 414
intended to convey the idea of a
monogram
No.
412.
No.
415.
they are sometimes
used in combination with other devices, as will behereafter described.
The
varieties of this device are
HERALDRY.
314
The
Stafford
Knot (No. 410); the
No. 208, page 102)
the Hcneage (No. 412); the
(No. 413), formed from the
Bowen
Boiirchier (No. 411, also
initials
(No. 415); the Zacy, which
and
intertwined; the
an elegant interlaced cord
is
name;
(No. 414), that forms a Rebus of the
Wake and On?io?id
the Savory;
and the
Harrington (No. 417).
The examples
of the
of
Compound Badges
Dacres (No.
and a ragged
staff;
which unites the
of this class are the Badge
416), a cord entwined about an escallop-shell
and the Badge of Edward, Lord Hastings,
Hungerford
sickle
and the Pelham garb (No.
418).
Badges were sometimes taken from the family
coat,
and they
were borne upon the standard, but not upon the shield or tabard.
The motto belonged
now commonly
to the Badge,
and not
to the arms, as
used.
No. 416.
No.
417.
No.
418.
it
is
No. 419. Supporter of the Neville Shield.
CHAPTER
From
Butleigh Court, Somerset.
XXII.
SUPPORTERS.
SUPPORTERS
are figures placed in the attitude of holding
up or protecting a
shield.
In almost every instance in
English Heraldry, Supporters appear in pairs, one on the dexter and

the other
on the
sinister
generally alike, but
The
Originally these were
they are more generally distinct from one
Supporters are taken from every living or imaginary
another.
creature
now
of the shield.
angels,
men, animals, fabulous
origin of Supporters to shields
some suppose them

seals, others
to
is
beasts, birds, &c., &c.
not quite agreed upon
have been suggested by devices engraved on
from the grotesque and
fantastically dressed guardians
of the knights' shields at tournaments.
These honourable acces-
HERALDRY.
,i6
have been introduced in
sories of the heraldic shield are said to
the time of
Edward
Animals, either the same as appear in
III.
the blazon of the shields which
some
are
they support, or obtained from
allied coat of arms, together with personal
common on
Supporters.
seals long before the regular
The
figures of animals that
and family badges,

appearance of true
were introduced into
their
compositions, and charged by the early heraldic seal-engravers with

the duty of Supporters, are placed in various positions, but they
always lead more or less directly to the idea of the true Supporter.
One
is
of the earliest indications of the use of an heraldic Supporter
on the
215).
seal of
Humphrev de Bohun,
The guige
a.d. 1322 (No. 279,
page
pr shield-belt in this composition, instead of
being passed over some architectural detail, in this shield
is
carried
by the swan that was the badge of the Earls of Hereford.

\nother seal exhibits the
De Bohun
swan
above the shield (No. 480, page 399)

omitted,
bird
is
The
and
in its stead the
in the
same position
but here the guige
is
chain that leads from the collar of the
fastened to the chief of the shield.

seal of
Thomas Holland,
half-brother of
Richard H.,
represents the shield of arms, of the Earl, having the guige buckled
round the neck of a white hind (No. 481).
The
and
seal of
Edmond de Mortimer
characteristic
example of Supporters.
Another interesting example
Arundel
(No. 483), contains a curious
(No. 482, page 401).
is
the seal of
In
the crested helms above the shield.
this the
Richard, Earl of.

Supporters hold up
SUPPORTERS.
No. 420, drawn from the
seal of
317
John, Earl of Arundel,
is
another spirited example of Supporters, designed by the heraldic

artists
of the fifteenth century.
The Supporters
of the English Sovereigns form a very interesting
group.
No. 420. John,
Edward
III.
Richard
II.
Henry
IV.
Henry
V.
is
Earl of Arundel.
said to have borne a
Hon and a falcon,
has been assigned two white harts.
A lion and an antelope

A lion and an antelope.
also a snan.
There is some uncertainty whether these Sovereigns
actually bore
such Supporters.
Henry
or antelope.
VI. bore two antelopes argent, also a
lion a?id
a panther
HERALDRY.
31
Edward
IV.
lions arg.y or
Edward
Richard
Henry
a hart
V.
III.
VII.
A lion or,
A dragon
lio?i or,
A
A
arg., or tîw boars arg.
and a greyhound arg., or two grey-
and a dragon
gu.,
and sometimes a
lion or,
:
and a dragon gu,
and a dragon gu. or a grey-
lion or,
arg.
James
Awards
and chained or.
cock, all argent.
Mary and Elizabeth

hound
arg., gorged
and a dragon gu.
lion or,
a greyhound, or a
VI.
bull sa.j also a lion arg.j or kco
and a boar
gii.,
Henry VI II.:
Edward
and a
and a hart
lion arg.,
hounds arg.; also a
bull,
lion or.^
arg.
I. first
bore two lions ; secondly, two unicorns
lion or for
England and a
and
u?iicorn arg. for Scotland.
after-
The
Supporters of the Royal shield of England have remained un-
changed since the time of James

follows
Dexter
imperially croûncd ppr.
Sinister
They
I.
Royal Supporter
are
now blazoned
lion rampafit
Royal Supporter
guardant
a unicorn
as
or,
arg.,
armed, unguled, and crined or, gorged with a coronet composed of crosses
pattees
and fleurs-de-lis gold, a chain
between the fore-le^s
and
affixed thereto of the last, passing
reflexed over the back.
Supporters are borne, by right, by
all
the Peers of the realm,
by Knights of the Garter, and Knights Grand Crosses of the Bath,

also
by Nova Scotia Baronets, and the
and they are conceded

titles
of nobility.
originally,
it
chiefs of the Scottish clans
to those sons of Peers
who
bear honorary
Supporters are not borne by Spiritual Peers, but
was not uncommon
for ecclesiastics to use their family
SUPPORTERS.
badges as Supporters to their
St.
'-'
319
official shield.
Abbot Ramryge
Albans assumed two rams gorged with collars bearing

the
RYGE "
as Supporters to the arms of the
No. 421. Shield of
421).
The arms
Abbey
of
St.
of
letters
Alban (No.
Arms of the Abbey of St. Alban, with the Supporters

OF Abbot Ra.mryge.
are az.^ a saltire or,
with a rich coronet-like cap.
and the
shield
is
ensigned
Nos. 406 and 407 are enlarged
drawings of the head and collar of the rams, which are sculptured
with great freedom and boldness.
Supporters are not granted in England without the express com-
mand
of the Sovereign; but in Scotland
privilege.
"Lord Lyon"
enjoys the
Supporters, like crests, can be charged with marks of
HERALDRY,
320
cadency, but are not hereditary, except to the eldest
sons of
Peers.
Supporters are frequently incorrectly represented as lying

or resting in
some comfortable
attitude near the shield
down
they should
always be depicted erect and in the attitude of supporting and
guarding the shield.
CHAPTER
XXIII.
MOTTOES.
MOTTOES
are words or short sentences, generally inserted
in a scroll,
Mottoes are of various kinds
shield.
war-cries,
bearer,
and placed under, or sometimes above, the
some have
arms, as
some
derived from
are
allusion to the character or disposition of the
and others are puns upon the
originally
bearer's
The Motto
name.
belonged more particularly to the badge, and not to the
it is
now commonly
bears the Motto,
is
now
The
used.
Scroll or
inconsistently used
Ribbon, which
by modern heralds
for
a standing-place for supporters.
When
the
Motto has
direct reference to the crest,
placed either immediately above or below the
OF Malmesbury bears a motto over

label, ''^Je 77iaintiendrai " (the
Viscount Mountmorris
part of the war-cry of
should be
The Earl
an orange-coloured
Motto of the house of Nassau).
Of the War-cry Mottoes, may be

of
the crest, on
it
crest.
^^
given as an example the motto
Dieic aydef"
Montmorency,
" Dieu ayde an premier chretien "
(God help
!)
This
is
the chief Christian Baron
(God help
the chief Christian).

21
i*
HERALDRY,
322
Of Mottoes considered
may be
major^
be
to
characteristic of the original bearer,
par
secundis " (great in adversity, equal in prosperity),
" Semper
that of Earl Onslow
Of
salus
Allusive or
ducum
" Ne
Bulwer-Lytton "^^z;^^/>
instanced such as that of
"
Punning Mottoes
(The
vile veils "
Home, a Home I
and
fidelis " (ever faithful).
Fortescue
safety of the chief
is
" Forte scutum,

;
Neville
Home " A
Home, a
a strong shield)
(Form no mean wish)
''^
There are various other sources from which Mottoes are de-
The Baronets Clerk, who hold
rived.
Barony of Penicuick, have
Burke
says this property
the proprietor must
and wind three

to hunt
sit
is
for
the property of the
a Motto
^^
Free for a blasts
held by a singular tenure,
viz.,
that
on a piece of rock called the Buckstane,

horn when the Sovereign shall come
blasts of a
on the Borough Muir, near Edinburgh
hence the family
crest {a demi-huntsman sounding a honi) with the above motto.
Earl Rothes
has for a Motto " Grip fast''
when he saved Margaret, Queen of
Barthol. Leslie,
Scotland, from drowning,
used these words.
Mottoes sometimes help to explain the charges of the
and sometimes they are derived from the
the adopters.
cross);
^^
**
la volonte de Dieu'^
(Help,
with us,
who
religious sentiments of
very large proportion of English Mottoes are
religious expressions, such as
Dim!"
shield,
God!);
against us
?)
''
cruce salus " (Salvation from the
of God);
^^
Aides,
nobiscum, quis contra
(God
(By the
Dms
" Fiat
Dei
will
voluntas " (God's will
be
MOTTOES.
done);
Gardez la
^^
(God my
Deo
light)
et vives "
foi""
Richard
filiaP
the
I.
(Live for God, and thou wilt
" Dieti
I.
^^
of England are
mon
droit^''
323
Lux mihi Deus"
my
hope)
Vive
live).
" Christo
used by
diice,'^
the ancient Royal war-cry,
Motto by Henry VI.
first
" Veritas temporis
" Rosa sine spina" " Semper eadefn " (in addition to
established
James
et
as a regular
Mary
faith);
" Spes viea Christus " (Christ
The Royal Mottoes
assumed
(Keep the
\o^
Royal
Elizabeth;
motto),
Since this time,
'^
Dieu
mon
et
*^
droit'''
Beati
pacifici^'
has been the
permanent Motto of the Sovereigns of England.
The
them.
various Orders of Knighthood have Mottoes assigned to
of the Order of the Garter, " Honi
The Motto
the romantic story of
pense^' with
household words.
The Order
juncta in imo " (three
The Order of
naval,
its
origin,
of the Bath has

military,
the Thistle, " Ne?no
for
is
soit
as familiar as
a Motto, " Tria
and cifil united
me impime
qui mal
in one).
In Orders
iacessit:'
of Knighthood, the motto encircles the shield of arm.s.
Mottoes were very commonly introduced into heraldic decoration during the
middle ages.
In stained
glass, wall painting, &c.,
Mottoes were very cleverly associated with various heraldic devices.

It
was not uncommon
his sword.
Shrewsbury
Thus
for the knight to
the famous
have a Motto engraved on
weapon of the
Earl of
great
bore " Sinn Talboti pro vincere inimicos meos " (I
Talbot's to conquer
my
am
enemies).
Up to the present century it was usual for Mottoes to be engraved

within the circle of rings, and this was
more
especially the case
212
HERALDRY.
324
with wedding-rings.
Church
bells also
were generally encircled
with some appropriate Motto, and those of the middle ages which
still
remain, bear
some
beautiful
and expressive legends.
No.
No.
No.
423.
CHAPTER
424.
XXIV.
HELMETS.
THE
Helm, Heaume, or Helmet, was worn
the head, in the field or the
middle ages.
arms, and
known
It is
modem
now
by the knights of the
used, as an accessory, above a shield of
heralds have introduced fanciful shapes un-
in earlier times.
When
in actual action, the knights
great strength, which
was secured
effigies
lists,
as a defence for
was made
to the knight's person
the great
Helm
viantliiig,
Cobham Church,
by a
upon the
chain.
shoulders,
of
and
In monumental
frequently forms a characteristic pillow for
the head of the deceased warrior,
wreath, and
wore a second Helm
to rest
and
it is
adorned with
his crest
as in the example (No. 391, page 297) from
Kent.
The Saxon Helme, and
the
Norman Heaume, were
conical
326
HERALDRY.
caps with a nose-guard.
The
came
heavy, flat-topped, cylindrical helmet
into use about the year
which No. 422
is
These Helmets, of
150 to 1200.
an example, were used over the ordinary head-
covering during an encounter only; air was admitted by holes

pierced in ornamental patterns
the weight of these helmets was
very great, but the weight was chiefly borne
No.
little later
(No. 423).
Helmet
the
This
upon
No.
425.
flat
shows the ring
About
time
this
sugar-loaf shape in use, like that illustrated
A.D.
Roger de Trumpingdon,
1320, these sugar-loaf Helmets were
William de Staunton,
Monumental
back of the
Efiiges."
a.d.
1336,
This Helmet
also find a
on the well-known
made
to
in
About
project
monument
illustrated
is
we
near Cambridge.
front, as in the example, No. 424, from the
**
at the
was fastened a chain, by which the Helmet
was secured to the breastplate.
brass of Sir
426.
top gave place to a raised or rounded top
illustration
to this ring
the shoulders.
in
of Sir
Stotherd's
ornamented and strength-
HELMETS.
ened with a cross
fleury,
327
and on the top
posed to have been intended
is
ring,
which
is
sup-
for attaching the lady's glove or
other favour.
Under
about
the helmet was worn
this
which
close-fitting basinet,
period was conical shaped, and to this was attached
No. 427. Basinet with Camail.
the
From
the
Monumental Effigy of the Black Prince.
tippet-like defence of interlaced chain mail, called the camail,
which hung down and protected the neck and shoulders.

splendid basinet and camail of the
at Canterbury, a.d.
Black Prince, from
1376 (No. 427),
is
illustrated as
The
his effigy
an example
of this head-covering.
fine
example of a Tilting Helmet of the reign of
Edward
III.,
from the collection of Mr. Pratt, of Bond Street (No. 425),
was
illustrated
Ass.," Vol. VI.
and described
The
in
the "Journal of the Archaeol.
strengthening-bar of this
Helmet
is
oma-
HERALDRY.
328
mented with
fleurs-de-lis,
date,
is
Later
the two
On
the
Helm
of the
also
made
in
similar to this, but of later
Black Prince (No.
426).
the front strengthening-bar was dispensed with,
still
and
were made into one.
slits
the top of the
(No. 428),
and the perforations are
Somewhat
the fonn of fleurs-de-lis.
is
the
Helmet was
Helm
of Sir
fixed the
Wreath and the
Edward de Thorpe,
Crest.
a.d. 141 8,
with a mantling, and surmounted with a plume of feathers.
No. 488. Hblm, Crest, etc., of Sir E. de Thorpe.
Many
fine
which have
Ashwel-Thorpe Church, Norfolk
examples of the Tilting Helmet remain, some of

still
the original crest attached, and others exhibit
the attaching arrangement
In
Cobham Church, Kent,
are several
HELMETS.
Tilting
crest,
329
Helmets (Nos. 433, 434, and 435), one of which has the
an old man's head (No. 435), fixed upon
At the end of the

was discarded, but
Why some
tained.
are not taken as
reign of
its
Henry VHI.
it.
the Tilting
use in achievements of arms
is
Helmet
still
modem
models by the
heralds, instead of the
singularly
unbecoming designs which constantly appear,
difficult to
understand.
In modern Heraldry, the
Helm
No. 429. Hei.m of the Sovereign,
the shield.
re-
of the beautiful early examples, which abound,
it
is
always rests upon the chief of
No. 430. Helm of Princes
Commoners, Knights, and Baronets have
and Nodles.
their crests
placed upon their Helms, the crest in every case being sustained
by
its
wreath, cap, or crest-coronet.
Peers and Princes place the
coronet of their rank upon their Helm, and their crest, duly supported,
is
placed above the coronet.
and Princes of the Blood Royal,
is
guarded with six bars (No. 429).
The Helm
of the Sovereign,
of gold, and stands affronte^
The Helm
of nobles
is
of
HERALDRY.
330
silver,
decorated with gold
it is
represented in profile, and show-
ing five bars (No. 430).
On
the
monumental
effigy
of
Thomas Ruthal, Abbot
and Bishop of Durham,
minster,
his mitre
is
of West-
represented placed
upon a Royal helmet.
The Helm
silver,
of Baronets and Knights
and standing
affroiitk;
the vizor
of
is
is
steel,
raised,
garnished with
and without bars
(No. 431).
The Helm
and
is
of Esquires and Gentlemen has the vizor closed,
placed in profile (No. 432).
No. 431. Helm op Baronet.
No. 432. Helm of Esquire.
Sometimes two helmets are placed over a

instance,
one
is
surmounting them may face one another.

bearing crests are placed over the
affronlff
and, in
When
shield,
three
the
tliis
Helmets
middle one
the
and the two outer ones are placed looking upon
Helmets are
Thus
sliield,
placed in the reverse direction, so that the crests
in
many
instances borne as charges
Marquess of Cholmondelev
bears
it.
upon the
f;//.
/;/
is
field.
chief
two
HELMETS.
331
helmets in profile^ arg., a?td in base a garb, or.
century
John Daubeny bore
Cardigan bears
Northampton
sa., three
helms arg.
three morions, or steel caps.
bears, for
In the nineteenth
The Earl of
The Marquess of
Compton, sa, a
lion pass, guard., or,
The Hon
passant guardant was
betw. three esquires helmets, arg.
added by permission of King Henry VIII.
No.
4315.
No. 434
Helmets fkom Cobh.^vm Church, Kent.
No.
435.
CHAPTER
XXV.
GENEALOGIES.
THE
records of the Descents and Alliances of families, are
closely
families.
To
bound up with the armorial bearings of such

and enrol Genealogies,
investigate, display,
is
part
of the duty of the Heralds of the College of Arms.
In arranging a Genealogy, the main line of descent

indicated
by keeping the successive names
All persons of the
the
same generation are
same horizontal
to
have
their
names
in
Spaces of equal depth are to be
line.
The
allowed to each generation.
then the daughters
to be
in a vertical column.
fti
embers of the same family
are to be arranged in their order of birth in two groups

first,
is
each
the sons
commencing from the
series
her-
aldic dexter side of the paper.
In extended Genealogies,
inks of different colours.
and, in
some
distinct
groups
may be
indicated by
Badges may be placed with the names,
instance, shields of arms.
In compiling a Genealogy,
it
is
necessary, in giving the fullest
particulars, also to use the greatest brevity.
signs will frequently convey as
much
Abbreviations and
as the most lengthy de-
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If
GENEALOGIES,
336
scription; for instance
son,
son and heir of; dan. and

co-heiress;
their
7c.,
names
for wife;
son of; dau., daughter of;

coh.,
denote issue;
s.
The
p.
determined
in a great
intended to
illustrate.
any
James
I.
from
offshoots.
v.
T
/., (vit^
died at and on; &c., &c.
Genealogy must be
The two preceding examples

The
The
latter
first
it is
are portions
traces the descent
the second traces the
(afterwards
Neville-Grenville)
upwards to four generations
III.
mark, thus
measure by the leading object which
Ralph Neville
Edward
connection
d.,
historical
of the Royal Genealogy of England.

of
this
(sme prole), without children;
her father's lifetime
actual arrangement of
descent of
=: placed between
two persons specified were husband
and wife ; and the Hnes proceeding from
patris), in his or
and h.,
daughter and heiress, or
was married;
w.,
signifies that the
or
//.,
s.
simply records the single line of
the former deals also with the various branches and
CHAPTER XXVL
PRECEDENCE.
HENRY
VIII., in 1539,
first
established a definite system
of general, or special Precedency, by statute.
subsequent regulations, and Royal

to produce the
cally in force
letters patent,
Various
have contributed
Precedence now regarded as established, and
among
practi-
us.
THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE.
The Sovereign.
The Prince of Wales.
The
Sovereign's younger sons.
The
Sovereign's grandsons.
The
Sovereign's uncles.
The
Sovereign's cousins.
The Archbishop
The Lord
of Canterbury, Primate of
The Archbishop
England.
of York, Primate of England.
The Lord High Treasurer (now

the Treasury," of
"
all
Chancellor.
whom
represented by the " Lords of
the " First Lord "
is
popularly entitled the
Prime Minister ").

22
HERALDRY.
338
The Lord
President of the Council
The Lord
Privy Seal.
The
great
Degree
Officers
(that
Earls, in like
if
is,
of State precede
Dukes, they rank above
manner, &c.)
Peers of their
all
other
own
Dukes
if
in the following order:
The Lord Great Chamberlain (when

of
all
in the actual performance
official duty).
The Lord High
The
Constable.
Earl Marshal.
The Lord Steward
of the Queen's Household.
The Lord Chamberlain
The
of the Queen's Household.
Secretaries of State.
Then
the Peers according to their patents of creation.
First
those of England, Scotland, Great Britain, and of Ireland ; after-
wards those of the United Kingdom and of Ireland, created since

the Union.
The Dukes.
The Marquesses.
The
eldest sons of Dukes.
The
Earls.
The
eldest sons of Marquesses.
The younger
sons of Dukes.
The
Viscounts.
The
eldest sons of Earls.
The younger
sons of Marquesses.
The Bishops
of London, Durliam, and Winchester.
PRECEDENCE.
339
The
Bishops, according to seniority of consecration.
The
Barons.
The Speaker
The
of the
House
of
The Master
of the Horse.
The
Secretaries of State, being
The
eldest sons of Viscounts.
The younger
The
Commons.
Treasurer and the Comptroller of the Royal Household.
under the degree of Barons.
sons of Earls.
eldest sons of Barons.
The Knights
and
of the Garter, the Thistle,
St.
Patrick (not
being Peers).
The
Privy Counsellors.
The Chancellor
of the Exchequer.
The Chancellor
of the
The Lord Chief
The Master
Duchy of
of the Rolls.
The Lord Chief
Justice of the
The Lord Chief Baron
Common
Pleas.
of the Exchequer.
The Judge
Ordinary.
The Lords
Justices of Chancery.
The
Lancaster.
Justice of the Queen's Bench.
Vice-Chancellors.
The Judges
of the Queen's Bench and
The Barons
of the Exchequer.
Common
Pleas.
The younger sons of Viscounts.

The younger sons
The
of Barons.
Baronets.
22^-
HERALDRY.
340
The Knights Grand

The Knights
Crosses of the Bath.
of the Star of India.
The Knights Grand
Crosses of
St.
Michael and
St.
George.
Knights Commanders of the Bath and other Orders.

Knights.
Serj eants-at-Law.
Masters in Chancery and in Lunacy.
Companions of the Bath and other Orders.

Eldest sons of the younger sons of Peers.
Eldest sons of Baronets.

Eldest sons of Knights.
Esquires
including
Esquires to Knights of Orders of Knighthood

of
all
the sons of Viscounts
and Barons, and the
the eldest sons
eldest sons of
all
the younger sons of Peers, and their eldest sons in perpetual

succession
The younger
sons of Baronets
Persons holding the Queen's commission, whether in a
civil,
naval, or military capacity
Members of
Barristers
the Royal
Academy of
Arts
Masters of Arts and Bachelors of
Law
Clergymen
Gentlemen.
The Precedency
not
official
of
women
before marriage
rank) of their father, and
all
is
by the rank (but
the sisters of any family
PRECEDENCE.
have the same degree.
dignities of their
dignities)
By
marriage,
husbands (except
women
341
participate in the
in the case of certain official
but the dignities of wives are not imparted by marriage
to their husbands.
The
wife of the eldest son of
her husband, and also
all
any degree precedes the
sisters of
other ladies of the same degree with
them, such ladies having place immediately after the wives of their
eldest brothers.
No. 436.Arms of the
From
Dukh
of Norfolk, the Earl Marshal.
the Shield blazoned in the Heralds' CoUege.
CHAPTER
XXVII.
THE COLLEGE OF ARMS.
THE
College of Arms, or Heralds' College, as at present
constituted,
Garter, Clarenceux,
consists
of three
Kings-of-Arms, entitled
and Norroy; of these Garter
is
the chief,
and Clarenceux and Norroy have jurisdiction severally to the

South and North of the Trent
sor, Chester,
of six Heralds, entitled Wind-
Lancaster, Somerset, York, and
four
Pursuivants
and
Portcullis.
Rouge
There
is
Croix,
Rouge
Richmond
and of
Dragon, Bluemantle,
another King-of-Arms, styled Bath,

or Gloucester,
who has not a
343
place in the Heraldic Chapter, whose
jurisdiction extends to the Principality of Wales.
two other heraldic " kings "Lord Lyon,
There are also
for Scotland,
and
Ulster,
for Ireland.
At the head of the whole Heraldic Brotherhood, having

high commission direct from the Sovereign,
of England.
it
is
This
office is
Mowbray, and behind

MarshaVs
Duke
The arms
of Norfolk, and
of his Grace, quarter
Howard, Brotherton, Warren, and
the hereditary insignia of
the
shield, crossed
in
saltire,
are two
The
staves or, enafnelled at the ends sable (No. 436).
arms of the College are
four
held by the
hereditary in his family.
doves, their dexter
his
the Earl Marshal
is
arg.,
cross
of
wings elevated and
St.
George, cantoning
inverted, az. (No. 438,
page 353)-
The
exclusive privilege of deciding officially, respecting rights
of arms and claims for descents, was bestowed upon the Heralds
by Edward IH., and about the year 1425 they were

constituted a corporate body.
Originally the
purpose of examining the
different parts of the country for the
rights of persons to bear arms,
mon
Arms,
their
and they had the power to sum-
gentlemen to appear before them and prove their
These
visitations
regularly
Heralds visited
rights.
were performed by the provincial Kings-of-
&c., in precisely the
Courts in different
same way
localities.
designations, pedigrees, arms, crests,
that the Judges
They enquired
&c
now hold
into
titles,
Their usual period for
holding their Courts was about once in thirty years.
HERALDRY,
344
King Charles
In the time of
authorizing
Wm. Dugdale,
II.
a commission was granted,
Norroy King-of-Arms, to
visit
his
province " according to laws of arms from time to time, as often
and when he
shall think
and to convent and

deputy,
all
most meet and convenient
call
before
manner of persons
him the
said
Norroy, or his
do or pretend
that
or are styled Esquires or Gentlemen,
and cause
for the same,
to bear arms,
all
ûch persons
then and there to produce and show forth by what authority and
right they
Power was
do challenge and bear the same."
also
granted to "enter, upon reasonable request at reasonable times

of the day, into
churches, castles, houses, and other places,"
all
and to " correct, control, and reform
and
unlawfully usurped,
all
to reverse, pull
arms, crests, and devices
down, or otherwise deface
arms, helms, banners, standards, or hatchments

jewels, paper, parchments,
prohibit, forbid,
and command
that
no
smith, graver, or other artificer, shall take

grave, glaze, devise, or set forth
in
any other manner than
as also in plate,
windows, gravestones, tombs, or monu-
ments, or wheresoever they be set." * * *
we
shall
"And
furthermore
painter, glazier, gold-
upon them
any manner of arms,
to paint,
crests, &c.,
be allowed by the said Norroy or
his deputies."
It
was customary
for
the King-of-Arms previous to his visita-
tion to send warrants to
requiring
them
to
in his province, to
summon
the baiUffs of the various Hundreds,

the gentlemen, or reputed gentlemen,
appear and bring with them the arms and crests
they bear, and to warn them of punishment
if
they disobey.

The King-of-Arms
by proclamation,
all
threatens
''
to disclaim
such as shall refuse to
gentry, having usurped the
title
345
and make infamous
make proof
of their
thereof without just authority and
just calling."
summoned
If those
summoned
ihey were
refused to appear before the King-of-Arms,

to
appear before the Earl Marshal for
contempt.
Sometimes, for fear of being degraded by the public

the market-place, they submitted to a punishment of a
The
following, copied from Guillim,
fine.
the kind of disclaimer
is
given by those unauthorized to bear arms
crier in
''-^rd Sept., 1663.
"
We whose names are here underwritten, being duly summonsed
by William Dugdale, Esq., Norroy King-of-Arms,

tion of the
and
and
County Palatine of Chester, as
well for the approving
justifying our bearing of arms, as the taking

titles
of Esquires or Gentlemen
good right to either of those

arms belonging to
us,
titles,
in his visita-
upon us names
not being able to shew any
nor knowing at present of any
do hereby disclaim
all
such attributes and
arms; and do promise henceforth to forbear to make use of

either, until
such time as we can by lawful authority do the same.
"ROBERT MORREY,
"JONATHAN CROSSE,
"JAMES KNOLL,
"RICHARD HEATH,
&c.
\^^^^^^^^^,
HERALDRY.
346
Originally, great nobles granted arms,
one person to another ; but
The
tracing
it
and amis were passed from
was the exception and not the
rule.
present duties of Heralds comprise grants of arms; the
and drawing up of genealogies
the recording arms and
genealogies in the registers of the Heralds' College; recording
and succession of Peers and others; with
the creation
matters, including the direction of
all similar
Royal pageants and ceremonials.
In granting, confirming, or recording arms, the sole right rests

with the College of Arms.
Some
of the early grants and confir-
Two
mations are most quaint and interesting.

are given, the one an
Cater
" (which
is
*'
George Hyde
From
peculiar in that a crest
is
the
'^
William Camden "
Hyde Papers;' Ashmolean MSS,
William Hyde), daughter and
Ashmoles
assigned to a lady)
in the year r6oo.
[Exemplification of the arms of
Regis, in Berks,
Margerye
exemphfication of the arms of
the other the " exemplification of a crest by

to
early examples
Margerye Cater
heire of
John Cater,
by William Heroye, Clarencieux; April
transcripts, with irickings,
(wife to
of Letcomb20, 1559.
and imitations of the
signa-
tures.]
" iE/0
all
and singular
as well as
Kinges Heralds and Officers of
Arms, as nobles, gentlemen and others which theise presentes

see or here,
shall
William Heroye Esquire otherwise called Clarencieulx
Principall Heralde
and Kinge of Armes of the Sowthe East and
Weast partes of England sendith due commendacons and
greetinge.
347
Forasmoche as auncientlie from the bigynnynge the

vertuous actes of excellent parsons have been
valiante
comended
and
to the
worlde with sondrye monuments and remembraunces of their good

desertes
Emonges
the which one of the chefist and most vsuall
hath been the bearing of signes and tokens in shildes called armes,
the which are
none other thinges then evidences and demonstracons
of proues and valvure diverslie distributed according to the quallities
and deserttes of the parsons that such signes and tokens of
the diligent faithfull and couragious myghte apeare before the negligent
stire
cowarde and ignorant and be an
and kindle the
harttes of
menn
efficient
cause to
move
to the imytacion of vertue
and noblenes, Even so hath the same ben and yet ys
continuallie
observid to thintent that such as have done comendable service to

their Prince or contrey eyther in
due honour
in their lyves
and
war or pease, maye both receyve
also deryve the
their posteritie after them.
And
Cater daughter and
John Cater
heire of
office for the
the said John Cater her father and
to
Margerye
being requyred of
the countie of Berkshire Gentilman to
and recordes of myne
same successively
of Letcombe Regis in
make
search in the registers
armes and crest belonginge to

his auncestors
same accordinglie And so consideringe the
and
fownde the
antiquitie thereof could
not alter nor change the same nor no parte nor parcell thereof but to
the great prejudice of the said
whereof
the said Clarencieulx
auctoritie to
myne
office
Margerye.
In consideracon
King of Armes by powere and
annexed and graunted by Lres Pattents
vnder the Create Seale of England have ratefyed and confyrmed
HERALDRY.
348
vnto the saide
now wyfe
to
Margerye
John Cater and
daughter to the saide
William Hyde of South Denchworth
in the
Countie
of Berkshire Esquire the said armes with the appurtenaunces hereafter followinge,
The
ôlde.
That
and azure^
o?i
lyon's
head razid barrey of
a wreathe golde a?id gules
7?iantelled gules
more playnly appeareth depicted yn
doubled argent as
"
to say erniyneon a pyie gules^ a lyon passant
vpon the heaulme, a
creaste
six peces golde
is
Eo have and houlde
all
margent.
the said armes and creaste vnto the said
Margerye Cater gentlewoman daughter

Cater and vnto
this
John
to the foresaide
John Cater
the posteritie of the said
for
evermore and therein to be revested to theyr worshippes at their

libertie
and pleasure without ympediment
anye person or persons.

cieulx
and
the
initncgg
I the said Claren-
Kinge of Armes have signed these presentes with
set
armes.
oure
In
or interrupcon of
lett
whereof
thereonto the seal of
myne
Geven
XX daye
at
London
the
Lorde God a thousand
first
office
and the
my
hande
seal of
myne
of Apryll in the yeare of
fyve hundred
fiftie
and nyne, and
in
yeare of the reigne of oure most dread Sovereign e Ladye
Elizabeth by the grace of
Godd Queene of England Fraunce
and Ireland, Deffender of the Faithe, &c.
"W. Heroye,
[Exemplification of a crest
to
George Hyde,
"
Co all and
als
Clarencieux Kinge of Armes."
by William Camden, Clarencieux,
of South Denchworth; Nov. 20, 1600.]
singular to
sene read or heard,
whom
these presents shall
William Camden
come
to be
Esquire, alias Clarencieux

Principall Herald
349
and King of Armes of the East West and South
partes of England, from the River Trent southward sendeth due co-
mendacion in our Lord

ly
God everlasting For as much as

and
plainly appeareth
by
divers
auncient evidences dated the
King Edward the Third,

tors of
George Hyde
it
evident-
and sundry
fieft
yeare of
that the ances-
of South Denchworth
^"-
in the county of Berks Esquire have hereto-
ARQ,
fore in their seales used for their devise or
cognizance a Lance or horseman's
quired by the said
ARQ
emprese or cognizance have at
his request
Hyde
and confirmed, and by these presentes
Esquire and to his posteritie that
say on a wreath argent
vSn$OOwO
No.
437.
Esquire to
doe ratefie and confirme unto the said George
\
C
re-
said devise,
ratefied,
ARG.
George Hyde
with
being
and confirm unto him the
ratefie
staff
And
a flagg or cornet thereat &c.
horseman's
staffe silver
and
is
to
gules a Lance or
with a flagge or cornet
gules fringed argent ; as
more
plainly appear-
eth depicted in the margent, which crest or cognizance I the said
Clarencieux King of Armes by power and authoritie unto

attributed
and annexed do by these presents confirm and warrant
to the said
due
my office
George Hyde Esquier and
differences,
his posteritie with their
and he or they the same
forth, at his or their liberte
and pleasure
for
to use beare or
shew
evermore without any
HERALDRY,
350
contradiccion or controllment of any person or persons whatsoever
3En taitness
hereunto
sett
whereof
I the
my hand and
twentieth day of
November
raigne of our Soveraigne
King of Arraes
Dated the twoe and
seale of office
in the three
aforesaide have
and
fortieth year of the
Lady Elizabeth by the grace of God
QuENE OF England Fraunce and Ireland Defender

Fayth
&c
of the
1600.
" (Signed) Willm. Camden, Clarencieux Kinge of Armes."
The
It
origin of our present system of
arms
is
not very certain.
was a system which partly grew out of a necessity
for distinctive
marks, and partly as being the easiest and best means of marking
some heroic deed on the
field.
Armorial bearings are again being
granted with appropriateness and consistency, and the charges are

selected with
some of the ancient
spirit
and meaning.
The
coats
granted in the last and the early part of the present century are,
some of them, simply
ridiculous.
It is
most interesting
whence some of our old
the source from
to trace
families derived
their
armorial bearings, and the causes which suggested the adoption of
some of the
charges.
The
reference to arms.
points,
and
it
is
Thousands of
family of
fables
have been designed
De Vere
bear a mullet of
in
five
written that in 1098 the Christians being near
Antioch, and the night waxing dark, to give them safety there ap-
peared a white star or mulette of

sighte did lighte
and
shyning excessively.''
arreste
five points,
which to " every man's
upon the standard of
De
Vere, there
351
Another romantic origin of heraldic device

Chronicles of Sir
John Froissart,
is
given in the
written about the year 1382,
" whiche Cronycle begynneth at the raygne of the moost noble and
kynge Edwarde the thyrde, the yere of our lorde a
valyant
thousande thre hundred and sixtene
and contynueth
to the be-
gynning of the reigne of king Henry the fourth, the yere of our
lord
God
a thousand and four hundred
"
" Translated
frenche into our maternall englysshe tonge at the high
ment of kynge Henry the
out of
commande-
kynge of Englande and of Fraunce,"
viii.,
&c., &c.
" Whyle the kynge (of France) lay at saynt Lyse
(Senlis),
night as he lay in his bedde aslepe, he had a visyon.
hym
that the erle of Flaunders
and that " the faucon

scant se her,"
"
And
mounted
dyd
set
on
this flying Hart,"
the great wodes
and
to
his fist a fayre faucon,"
coude
lose the falcon.
kynge thought there apered sodenly before
hym a great Hart with wynges "

he mounted on
on a
semed
so high into y^ ayre, tliat they
and the King thought he should
at this poynt, the
It
trees,
" and so the kynge thought
which " dyde beare him over
and there he sawe
his
faucon
all
"...
*'and therwith the king awoke, and had great marueyle of that
visyon,
and he remembred euery thynge therof
fygure of this Hart pleased
was set thereon.
when he went
And
hym
this
so moche, that
was one of
right well,
all his
and the
ymaginacion
y^ firste incydentes that
into Flanders to fight with the flemynges, he toke
to his deuyse, to beare the flyeing Hart."'' Sir Johti Froissarfs

Chronicles.^^
HERALDRY.
352
Armorial bearings frequently have reference to some historical

event, sometimes to the character of the
first
and sometimes
bearer,
The Crusades most probably
to a jurisdiction or possession.
brought into Heraldry charges such as the escallop-shell, the crescent, &c., &c.
but there
is
direct evidence to confirm this.
no
Great numbers of armorial bearings conform to the

family by
by Arundel;
doves,
calves,
by Dove;
and a sprig of
Walden.
by Calveley;
allusive
arms were
bells,
by Dobell;
in great favour
and Guillim
had not changed those names they had
there wou*d be
by Caldwell;
cold-wells,
a wall, by the town of Saffron
saffron enclosed by
These punning or
(French, hirondelles),
by Dasie; a doe and
daisies,
the Heralds of the middle ages,

families
of the
whom they are borne, such as shuttles, by Shuttleworth
by Thomas a Beckett; swallows
beckets,
name
abundance more arms implying
says,
at
first,
*'
by
many
If
for others,
their bearer's
names
to the beholders."
It
is,
is
very evident that
in allusion to his name), such
noble or heroic deed.
some have got

surnames from
are canting arms (that
when a man's arms
Sir
arms were not granted
and
any
George Mackenzie, however,
says,
and have taken
their
their possessions as rewards,

their land,
for
their
arms
to suit their
names.
" being strangers,
too,iiave taken their
names from
their
the people amongst
whom
came not knowing
they
arms
for
Some,
their
names,
gave them names from the symbols they did bare."
Some
of the oldest coats of arms
in
English Heraldry have
undergone alteration from time to time, and the bearings of many

families clearly
show
that such families were descended from other
countries than England
of arms into England
^ use of French
it is
probable that for the introduction
are indebted to France.
The
extensive
words, both ancient and modern, in our heraldic

this.
has been said that the concession of arms has been deputed
to the Kings-of-Arms
an
and
we
terms, goes far to prove

It
353
heiress,
but arms are also derived by marriage with
and by tenure of
office,
Royal, ecclesiastical, or other-
wise.
No.
438.
From
Arms of the Heralds' College.

the Shield blazoned in the College.
Quartering can be granted by the Earl Marshal, and
upon the assumption of an
additional surname
it is
usual,
by the bearer of
a coat of arms, for the Earl Marshal to grant permission to such

bearer to assume the arms belonging to the additional name, and
to quarter
Arms
them with
are
now
originally they
his
own.
considered to be the property of a family ; but
belonged to individuals, and since the reign of

23
HERALDRY.
354
Henry
III. they
have become hereditary.
differ in their appreciation
significance
and
a growing and
know more
Different generations
of arms and Heraldry, but their true
principles remain,
and
improving appreciation,
at the present time there is
and a
of the art of Heraldry, which
is
desire to learn
very gratifying.
No. 439. Modern Hatchment.

Debased Heraldry of the i9lh century.
and
HERALDRY.
356
was charged with the badge or armorial ensign of the bearer, and
Many good
was generally richly fringed with gold.
main on the monumental
On
examples
re-
on page
65.
brasses, as in that illustrated
the Pennon, the charges were not generally placed turning to
the staff or lance, but were so arranged that they would appear in
their proper positions
when
weapon was
the
horizontal, or laid for
the charge.
The Banner was
square or oblong in form, and bore only the
coat of arms of the owner.
and
also
It
was borne by Knights-Bannerets,
On
by nobles, Princes, and even Sovereigns.
the field
of battle the knight was sometimes promptly promoted to the rank
of Knight-Banneret, and the simple form of ceremonial observed

was, the cutting off the pointed end or ends of his Pennon, and
thus transforming
it
into a banner.
gives the arms of nearly one
who were
present with
The
Roll of Caerlaverock
hundred of the nobles and Bannerets
Edward
I.
in his
campaign against Scotland
in 1300.
It
may be remarked
that the
Banner was not only the ensign of
the Banneret himself, but also of his retainers
of the division of an army under his
Two
and
followers,
and
command.
remarkable examples of Banners, wrought in stone, as ac-
cessories to the
monument
of
Ludovic Robsart, K.G.,
in
West-
minster Abbey, are represented as being supported at the base by
a lion and a falcon.
The
sails
of ships in the middle ages were
made
to serve the
purpose of Banners and Standards; and some most interesting
FLAGS.
examples are to be found on
357
seals, old paintings,
represents the ship Standard of the
&c.
No. 442
Earl of Warwick.
No. 442. Sail of Arms of Earl Warwick.
The Standard was

and
it
bore
all,
or any
of
much
of,
larger proportions than the Banner,
the accessories of arms, such as badges,
the motto,
&a
into use,
was of great length, and tapered towards the extremity,
and
it
it
At the time of Edward
was generally divided per
All the
on the Standard, and
of St.
two
when
it
just
came
tinctures.
numerous and varied devices of the owner were blazoned
personage by
The
/esse into
III.,
whom
it
its
size
was determined by the rank of the
was displayed.
English Standards of the
George
No. 443
is
Tudor
era generally
had the
cross
at their head.
one of the Standards of
Bohngbroke, which
is
Henry Plantagenet
of
a peculiarly characteristic example of the
heraldic Flags of the middle ages
it is
per /esse
arg.
and
az.^
the
HERALDRY.
358
livery colours of the Lancastrians,

St. George^
having at the head the cross of
and semee of badges of Prince Henry, red
De Bohun
white swan^ golden woodstocks^ and fox's
rosesj
the
tails proper.
Standards appear to have been used solely for the purpose of display,
and
to
add to the splendour of
military gatherings
and royal
pageants.
No. 443. Standard of
The Royal Standard
Henry Plantagenet of
of the present day
is
Boi.ingbroke.
of square or oblong
form, and bears the Royal amis only, as did the mediaeval banner.
The National Banners

severally the crosses of St.
of England, Scotland, and Ireland are
George,
St.
Andrew, and
St.
Patrick.
According to the rules of Heraldry, the Banner should have been

quartered, but the cross of St.
the saltire of St,
incorrectly placed
upon
Andrew, it is believed, to prevent a jealousy which
would have arisen
had been given
George was
if
the Banners had been quartered, and precedence
to England.
To
avoid the violation of the rule
of colour not being placed upon colour, the cross of St. CiEORGE
was represented with a x\2lxxo\w fimbriation or border of white. This
FLA GS.
combination was declared by James
359
I.,
April 12, 1606, to be the
national ensign of Great Britain (No. 440, page 355).
The
present "
Union Jack "
and the Banner of
St.
is
a combination of that of James
Patrick.
I.
In incorporating Ireland, the
previous plan was adopted, and the red saltire was placed on the
white
of Scotland (No. 441, page 355).
saltire
The
sign,"
Eftglish Ensigns are the "
and the
cross of St.
*'
Red
George
a white Flag with a
first is
what may be called a "
cantoned with the " Jack
and blue
The
Ensign."
(or
White Ensign," the " Blue En-
St.
George Flag
"),
second and third are plain red
" the
The Red Ensign
Flags, similarly cantoned.
is
specially
the " Ensign of England."
The Flag of
set fesse-wise
ers,
the
Admiralty
is
red^
either red, white, or blue,
cross of St.
command
in
with a yellow anchor and cable
Very long and narrow stream-
(No. 210, page 106).
and charged
George, and termed Pendants,
at the
head with a
are the symbols of
the Royal Navy.
Military Flags generally bear the cypher, numoer, device, motto,
and honours
this class
ject
is
ot the corps.
To
give even a brief description of
of Flags would be impossible in this work
exceedingly interesting, and
is
but the sub-
worth the student's consider-
ation.
The
National Flags of foreign countries,
the subject, which

stand,
who comes
our shores.
it
is
is
another branch of
almost necessary for every one to under-
in contact with the foreign shipping
which
visits
HERALDRY.
36o
Upon
the highest tower of the castle of the mediaeval noble was
displayed his Banner, and this custom most probably gave rise to
that of placing metal vanes
castles,
and other
buildings.
on the highest points of churches,
Hundreds of examples remain
vanes pierced with arms, badges, religious symbols, &c.

is
an example from Etchingham Church, Sussex
described in the " Archaeol. Journal

ham,/^^//^ ofsix pieces.
"),
of
No. 444
(illustrated
and
bearing the arms of Etching-
This most pleasing custom, in later times
degenerated into that of piercing the names of churchwardens who
had " repaired " or " beautified " the church or
No. 444.Ancient
steeple.
Vane at Etchingham Church,
Sussex.
CHAPTER
AND CORPORATE HERALDRY.
OFFICIAL
CORPORATE
XXIX.
bodies, both
been assigned arms from the

This class of arms
associations
is
and
civil
ecclesiastical,
have
earliest times of Heraldry.
perhaps one of the most interesting, and the
which are attached
to
them render them
peculiarly
numerous
that they
attractive to students of Heraldry.
The arms belonging
to this class are so
would form a goodly volume.
Every Bishopric, every abbey and
conventual establishment bore arms

of learning,
had
all
their separate
I.
Sees.
Arms
arms and
the colleges and schools
of the Archbishops and Bishops, and of their several
The arms
own
all
seals.
are the insignia of the several Sees,
Prelate impales the arms of his

his
corporate towns, commercial companies, and guilds,
own See on
and each
the dexter side^ with
paternal arms on the sinister side.
ARCHBISHOPS.
Canterbury
with a cross pattee
az.,
an
arg.,
archiepiscopal staff in pale, or, ensigned
surmounted by a pall of the
and frittged gold, and charged with four
crosses
In the old examples the crosses are not always
last,
formees
fitchees.
fimbriated
fitchees sa.
HERALDRY.
362
York
two keys in
gu.^
The arms
Engla7td.
saltire arg.^ in chief
of the See of
an
York were
itnperial
The change was made about
as those of Canterbury.
crown of
originally the
same
a.d. 1540.
BISHOPS.
London
Durham
two swords in
gu,^
az.,
Winchester
a crosSy catitoning four
argent, the other or,
of the
second, hilt
Bangor
two
gu.,
or.
lioncels rajupt. or.
addorsed, in bend^ the uppermost
keys,
a sword interposed between them, in bend sinister,
and pommel of
a bend
gu.,
pommels
saltire, arg.,
third.
or, guttee
depoix, between two mullets arg.,
pierced of the field.
Bath and Wells

Carlisle
Chester
arg.,
az.,
hand a mound,
and in
his head,
Ely
az.,
saltire quarterly quartered
cross sa.,
gu., three mitres,
Chichester
left
on a
his
a Prester John
mounting
gu.,
two and
on a tombstone, in his
linen mitre on
one, or.
a sword in pale ppr.,
Gloucester; impaling
Lichfield
sitting
mouth a sword ppr.
of the
Gloucester and Bristol:
and arg.
labelled or.
his right extended, all or, with
tivo keys, in saltire
Hereford
or
labelled or.
two and one,
gu., three ducal crowns,
Exeter
a mitre
j^z.,
last,
az.,
three ducal
hilt
wards
two
and pommel
in chief.
keys,
in saltire, or, for
crowns in pale
or, for Bristol.
gu., three leopards faces reversed, jessant de
per pale gu. and
arg.,
cross potent
between four crosses patties, all counterchanged.
or, sur-
lis,
or.
and quadrate
AND CORPORATE HERALDRY
OFFICIAL
Lincoln
two
gii.,
Virgin^ sittings
Llandaff
of England^ on a chief
lions
crowned and
sceptred^
and holding
two pastoral staves in
sa.,
Blessed
az.^ the
the
Holy
or
and
saltire,
363
Child, or.
arg.j
on a
chief az., three mitres labelled gold.
Manchester
or,
on a pale engrailed gu., three mitres labelled
gold ; on a canton of the second, three bendlets enhanced arg.
Norwich
Oxford
az., three mitres labelled,
arrayed atid
two and
one, or.
a fesse
arg., in
chief three lady's heads issuant,
veiled, arg.,
crowned
or,
sa.,
ifi
an ox of
base,
the second,
passant over a ford ppr.
Peterborough
gu., between
four
crosslets
ftehees, two
keys in
saltire, or,
RiPON
on a saltire gu., two keys in
arg.,
saltire, or,
on a chief
of the second, an Agnus Dei.
Rochester
St.
Asaph
sa.,
St. David's
Salisbury
arg.,
two keys in
sa.,
on a saltire gu. an
on a cross
az., the
saltire,
escallop-shell or.
addorsed arg.
or, five cinquefoils
Blessed Virgin
and
of the first.
Child, in her left
hand a
sceptre or.
Worcester
arg., ten torteaux in pile,
universities.
Oxford
az.,
on a book open ppr., garnished
or,
having on the
dexter side seven seals gold,
the words dominus illuminatio mea,
between three crowns of the
last.
Cambridge
gu.,
on a cross erm., between four lions of England,
HERALDRY.
364
a Bible lying fesse-wise of the

clasps
iti
field, clasped
and garnished
gold, the
base.
If this chapter could
various Colleges
have been extended, the arms of the
would have been added to those of the Uni-
versities.
The
different
Counties of the United
Kingdom
habitually use
arms, which have probably been adopted from the heraldic insignia
of the Earls or Counts.
No. 44<A. BisHoi- OK Salisbury's Skal.
yjcSDoiDiiBove EiQiêg
No. 445. MUNGULDASS NuTHOOBHOV, OF BOMBAY.
CHAPTER XXX.
MISCELLANEOUS.
THE
College of
subjects,
dominions.
Arms
grants arms to any of
Her
Majesty's
whether resident in England or in any of her
No. 445
is
an example of a recent grant to Mr.
MuNGULDASS NuTHooBHOY,
of Girgaum House,
Bombay
bears arg,^ environed by two sickles interlaced^ a garb of ripe
ppr. ; on a chief indented
az.,
rice,
between two bezants, a mullet or
he
all
HERALDRY.
366
yjb
MY
No.
L IFE
IS
HIS
446 CowAsjBB
Crest ^// a mound
vert
WHO GAVE IT
Jbiianghibr, of Bombay.
an elephant
statant, holding in his
trunk a
MISCELLANEO US.
367
palm-branch, all ppr., charged on his side with two mullets in

or.
Motto
" Wisdom above richest
fesse,
f==^
ll'GOOD-CONSCIENCEISA-SUREDEFENCE
No, 447. CURSETJEE FURDOONJEE PaRUK, OF BoMBAY.
No. 446
Bombay
is
a recent grant to Mr. Cowasjee Jehanghier, of
az.,
within an orle of eight mullets the sun in splendour

,
or; on a cantofi arg., the rose of England and the lotus of India in
saltire ppr.
Crest
on a
mound
vert,
a low
pillar, the base
and
HERALDRY.
368
Mottoes
capital masoned^ flames of fire issuing therefronu

life is
To
Bis
luho gave
and above the
it^^
crest,
authority
I shines
" Btirning
these two illustrations of armorial insignia
" My
now borne by
by two subjects of Her Majesty who are natives of
India, both of
them men of wealth and
influence,
and
also of
munificent liberality, magistrates, and Fellows of the University
may be added
of Bombay,
of India,
bears
Mr. Cursetjee Furdoonjee Paruk, of Bombay, who
arg.^
a chevron
chief az.y between
mound vert, a
an
the arms of a third native gentleman
two
witiged
a sure
lion refer to the
estoileSy
liofi
the sun
passant
iti
or,
splettdour or.
Crest
on a
07i
charged on the shoulder with
behind him a palm-tree ppr.
estoile az., atid
conscience is
gu,^ between three ancient galleys sa. ;
Motto
" A good
These ancient galleys and the winged
defence.^''
early migration of the Parsees of India from
Persia, as the rice-garb
and
sickles
may be supposed
to denote
the former agricultural avocations of the family of the banker.
Architectural Heraldry
is
a beautiful and expressive record
of English history, and in our cathedrals, abbeys, and churches,
we
find the heraldic shield
among
the chief ornaments
for the Puritan iconoclasts, the painted walls
glass of the
and, but
and the coloured
windows would have furnished an enormous quantity
of heraldic decoration that would have been valuable to the

antiquarian,
and the
The hundreds
artist,
historian.
of sculptured shields in the magnificient archi-
tectural cloisters of
Canterbury Cathedral alone would repay the
heraldic student for a visit to Canterbury.
Westminster Abbey,
MISCELLANEOUS.
369
Westminster Hall,
St.
amount of time and
attention that could be devoted to them.
The
tile
Albans Abbey, are also worthy of any
pavements of Westminster, Gloucester^ Worcester, &c.,
although exceedingly rude, are
full
of
spirit,
and abound
in histori-
cal information.
Monumental Heraldry may
also
be classed with that of
Architecture.
From
the cathedrals
and abbeys of England, the modern designer has
much
to learn.
The
the
monuments of Westminster Abbey, and
Richard
brasses of the reign of
II.
are full
of heraldic interest.
Upon many
of our English
monuments we
arms of the deceased, but those of near

sons-in-law
and daughters-in-law
who could
The monument
Elizabeth,
in
relatives,
and even of
and thus a monument bears the

and
historical representation of the family
the beholders,
find not only the
connections, which
its
not read, could yet understand.
erected by
James
Westminster Abbey,
is
I.
to the
memory
in itself a
of
Queen
complete chapter
of Royal Heraldry, as such a chapter would be written by the

heralds of the
first
Stuart who wore
the crown of Great Britain.
In Monumental, and Architectural Heraldry,
may be
included
a group of religious and symbolical devices, which appear en-
graved on brasses and carved in stone on

are
shields.
These devices
I.
The emblems
Matthew,
of the four Evangelists
the winged lion of St.
Mark,
the angel of St*
the winded ox of St,
I/Uke, and the eagle of St. John.
24
HERALDRY.
37
The emblems
2.
Trinity,
Lord's passion
the
cross,
nails,
&c.
And
3.
our
crown of thorns, reed with hyssop, the dice of the
scourges,
soldiers,
of
the singular shield
which
is
designed to symbolize the Holy
represented in No. 448.
No. 448. Symbol of the
Tricking
coat of arms,
is
Holy Trinity.
a method used in representing the tinctures of a
when a rough
charges of a shield
is
memorandum
of the
example No. 437.
The
sketch, or simple
required, as in the
heralds in their visitations usually represented arms thus, simply
sketched in outline with pen and ink.
Book-plates
furnish the heraldic artist with great opportunities
for displaying his ability,
and some of the designs of the
or three years are really very clever and interesting.
or two hundred years ago these were printed from
and were drawn with broad black

449
and these were followed by
lines, as in
last
two
Some one
wood
blocks,
the example No.
steel engravings
and
fine thin
MISCELLANEOUS.
lines.
It
is
book-plates.
usual to represent the whole araiorial insignia on
There
and arranging the

seals furnish very
these.
371
is
scarcely a limit to the artist in designing
shield
and
its
accessories,
good suggestions
for
and some of the
groupmg and
early
treating
No.
From
Shield of Edward
450.
Monument
his
in
III.
Westminster Abbey, the Garter being added.
CHAPTER
XXXI.
KNIGHTHOOD.
KNIGHTHOOD
record
its
of such antiquity that history cannot
is
origin.
Tennyson,
in beautiful words, has
conveyed to us some idea of the Knighthood of King Arthur's

time,
and
it is
Knighthood of the middle ages
possible that the
may have been founded upon some

of the earlier times.
times in which
it
Its
was
although there was
Knighthood
upon men
in the rude
good influence
instituted
much
traditions of the
that
cannot be over-estimated
and
was romantic and superstitious
KNIGHTHOOD.
yj-i,
attached to some of the different Orders, yet the chivalry and

the love of equity and honour that was called forth, did
from a
raise this country
The ceremony used
state of
The Church
ages was most impressive.

in
it
barbarism to that of
in the creation of
much
to
civilization.
Knights in the middle
sanctioned and took part
the shield and banner of the knight were consecrated, and
Crusades they became objects of veneration.
after service in the
Suspending the banners of Knights, and the

brave soldiers, in churches,
Knighthood
flags of
regiments of
remains a custom with
still
called forth the skilled
workmen, who
us.
forged, bur-
nished, and enamelled the beautiful armour the Knights wore;

it
helped to develop the
embroiderer, and
who
did
much
it
artistic
taste of the sculptor
attracted to our shores, artists
knowledge and
to spread
and the
and mechanics,
to raise the taste of the
country.
The gorgeous
display, of
pageantry, and the sumptuous heraldic
Knighthood
again be repeated, but
Knighthood
in
its
middle ages, can, probably, never
in the
its
influence will ever be
early days did
lead noble and blameless lives,
entered into
I.
its
brotherhood.
much
When
first this
felt.
to encourage
Not
as
Order was ordain'd,
were grown
to
Shakspeare, in " Henry VI.," Part

:
my
lords,
Knights of the Garter were of noble birth,

Valiant, and virtuous, full of haughty courage-
Such
men
and none but the brave and good
Order of the Garter), says
(referring to the
pomp and
to credit
by the wars
fearing death, nor shrinking for distress,
HERALDRY,
374
But always resolute
He
then that
in
most extremes.
not furnish'd in this sort
is
Doth but usurp
the sacred
name
of knight,
Profaning this most honourable Order
And
Be
should
(if I
were worthy to be judge)
quite degraded, like a
That doth presume
hedge-bom swain
to boast of gentle blood.
Passing by those semi-priestly Orders founded at the time of

the Crusades, such as the Hospitallers, about a.d. 1092; the
Templars,
a.d. 1118, &c., &c., the
most important of
early
all
Orders was the Order of the Garter.
The Most Noble Order of the Garter was
King Edward
The
reign.
it
early institution cannot
believed that the
is
noble
men and
be traced with
King was anxious
He
spirit
at Winchester,
was dedicated to the purpose of
and while the
hospitality, the
were reminded of the bond of "piety,
friendship " which linked
The Order from
the
him
of emulation
erected a round table at Windsor, as
King Arthur had done
guests
by
certainty, but
to collect about
brave soldiers, and to excite a
amorig his subjects.
hall
instituted
III. in the year 1350, the twenty-fourth of his
them
first
castle
knightly
sincerity,
and
together.
has borne the same
title,
has num-
bered twenty-five knights, including the Prince of Wales, the

Sovereign being the twenty-sixth, and
it
has ever been ranked as
the highest dignity of Knighthood in the world.
The popular and
romantic anecdote that the Countess of Salisbury, in dancing

with the
King,
let fall
her garter, and
that
the
circumstance
KNIGHTHOOD.
In OS. 4SI, 452,
375
453. Insignia of the Order of the Garter.
was the immediate origin of the Order, may or may not be
true
HERALDRY.
376
Mr. Planch^
may be more
says there
truth in the tradition than
has generally been supposed; but there can be no doubt that
from the
first,
although the original statutes of the Order have
undergone changes,
fundamental
original
stalls
was a most honourable
it
character has
never been
and
its
The
altered.
of the Knights of the Garter are in the Chapel of St.
George,
The
Windsor.
at
stall-plates,
of the Knights, and their banners, are
and
institution,
interesting heraldic records.
The
with the emblazoned arms
among
the most valuable
insignia of the
Order are
the Garter and motto, the Star, the Ribbon, and Badge, and the
Collar with the George
I
and the costume
consists of the Surcoat,
Hat, and Mantle.
The Garter (No. 453)

QUI MAL Y PENSE," in
and pendant.
dark blue.
on the
leg
left
It
It is
is
letters
was
charged with the Motto, "honi soit

of gold, with golden borders, buckle,
originally of light blue, but
now
it
is
of
worn by the Queen, the Sovereign of the Order,
arm above the elbow, and by the Knights on the
left
below the knee.
The
Matitle
the Badge
is
of blue velvet, lined with white
upon the
cordon and
left
shoulder, and
is
taffeta.
It
has
fastened with a rich
tassels.
The Hood and
the Surcoat are of crimson velvet, the latter
being lined like the mantle.
The Hat
is
of black velvet, lined with white
taffeta.
It
is
decorated with a lofty plume of white ostrich feathers, in the
KNIGHTHOOD.
centre of which
is
attached to the
Hat by a
The Badge
is
377
a tuft of black heron's feathers, the whole being
circular,
clasp of diamonds.
and
is
formed of a buckled Garter, with
the motto, enclosing the cross of St.
George on
white enamel.
No. 454. Star of the Order of the Garter,
The Star
is
the badge,
first
ordered by Charles
The
are of silver or diamonds.
star is
I.
worn on the
The
left
rays
breast
(No. 454).
The
Henry
Collar
and the George were added
VII.
The
Collar
and consists of twenty-six
is
to
the insignia
by
of gold, weighing thirty-six ounces,
pieces, alternately buckled Garters
and
HERALDRY.
378
The
Garters encircle alternately a red
rose charged with a white one,
and a white rose charged with a
interlaced knots of cords.
red one (No. 452).

is
a figure of St.
The
George^ executed in coloured enamel,
George on
the dragon with his lance,
his charger, in the act of piercing
forms a pendant to
it
(No. 452); a second George^ distinguished as the
^^
the
collar
Lesser George^'
has the same device of gold, charged upon an enamelled ground,
and encircled by a buckled Garter, the whole forming an oval

(No. 451).
This George
worn depending from the Ribbon of
is
Queen Elizabeth
the Order, which was originally of black, but
changed
it
to a light blue,
dark blue, of which hue

left
behind.
The Ribbon with
its
I.
again changed
continues.
still
and crosses the
over the
shoulder,
and George
it
The Ribbon
figure
it
to
passes
both in front and
George are now commonly worn by
Knights of the Garter as accessories of their ordinary costume;

the Star and the Garter are also
added
The Officers of the Order
The
Prelate^ always the
The
Chancellor^ the
The Badge of
in evening dress.
are
Bishop of Winchester.
Bishop of Oxford.
the Prelate,
is
St.
George on horseback
the dragon, of gold enamelled, encompassed
ensigned by an episcopal mitre

is
a red rose enamelled
St.
in gold,
and
tlie
by the
killing
Garter,
and
Badge of the Chancellor
having on the reverse, the arms of
George, and encircled by the Garter on both
sides.
These
two badges are attached to blue ribbons, and are worn with the
episcopal robes.
KNIGHTHOOD.
The
other Officers of the Order are
The
Registrar, the
379
Dean of Windsor.
His Badge
is
of gold,
with a representation of the Register of the Order enamelled in

crimson, relieved with gold, charged with two gold pens in
saltire
enamelled proper, the whole surmounted with a crown, over a

small compartment with the letters G. R. III.
The Herald: Garter King-of-Arms

arms).
His Badge
George impaled
is
with those of the Sovereign, encircled with the
and ensigned with the Imperial crown.
Garter, the whole enamelled
And
the Usher of the Black Rod.
Knights of the Garter place
which take precedence of
all
representative to the Sovereign
Charles
the time of
be retained by
II.
The
titles.
by James
It
returned by his nearest
a usage which has prevailed since
was
is
allowed
Most Ancient Order of the

is
supposed to have been
an early period, but the date of
II.
K.G.,
initials
the death of any
insignia of the officers
Thistle of Scotland. This Order
known.
is
On
their representatives.
The Most Noble and
instituted at
names the
after their
other
Knight, the insignia which he had worn
to
(the principal officer of
of gold, having on both sides the arms of St.
its
origin
not
is
revived in 1540 by James V. of Scotland;
of England in 1679
and by
Queen Anne
1703; and the statutes underwent alteration by George
I.
in
and
George IV.
The Order
consists of the Sovereign
The Star of
this Order,
and sixteen Knights.
worn on the
left
side, is
formed of a
HERALDRY.
38o
No. 455, 456. Insignia of
St.
Andrew's Cross of
silver,
the Order of the Thistle.
with rays issuing from between the
points, so as to form a lozenge
gold,
is
thistle proper,
charged with the Motto in golden
The
in the centre,
surrounded by a
letters
upon a
circle of
field
of
green enamel,
(No. 457).
Collar^ of gold, consists of sixteen thistles, alternating with
KNIGHTHOOD.
as
many sprigs
381
of rue, four in each group, interlaced,
proper (No. 456).
all
enamelled
No. 457. Star of the Order of the Thistle.
The Jewel
or Badge, attached to the collar, or worn depending
from a broad dark green Ribbon which crosses the

is
left
shoulder,
formed of a figure of St. Andrew, of gold enamelled,
his surhis
own
cross saltire, the whole being irradiated with golden rays,
and
coat purpure, and his mantle vert, bearing before
surrounded by an oval bearing the motto,
lacessit" (No. 455).
The Order
is
The
indicated
jewel
by the
is
also
initials
him
"nemo me impune
woni as
K.T.
in
No. 456.
The
returned to the Sovereign on the decease of a Knight.
insignia are
382
HERALDRY,
are the Dean, the
Lord Lyon
King-of-ArmSj and the Gentleman Usher of the Green Rod,
Nos. 458, 459. Insignia of
the Order of
The Most Illustrious Order of

-This Order was instituted by
St.
George
St. Patrick.
Patrick, of Ireland.
III.,
February
5,
1783,
KNIGHTHOOD.
and now
consists of the Sovereign^ the
383
Grand
Master^ and twenty-
two Knights.
The
insignia are
The Mantle, made
of rich sky-blue tabinet, lined with white
silk,
No. 460. Star of the Order of St. Patrick.
and fastened by a cordon of blue

the right shoulder
mantle, and on the
The
left
and gold, with
the Hood, of the

side
is
not worn.
and
sustains the
tassels.
same materials
the Star (No.
On
as the
d^do).
Ribbon, of sky-blue, four inches in width,
right shoulder,
is
is
silk
is
worn over the
badge (No. 458) when
the collar
HERALDRY,
384
The
Collar^ of gold, is
composed of red and white
roses, alter-
nating with harps, tied together with knots of gold.
The Badge
or Jewels of gold,
The Motto
is
The
Siar^
is
oval in form.
of gold letters on a band of sky-blue enamel.
worn on the
left side, differs
from the badge only in
being circular in form, and in substituting for the exterior wreath

of shamrocks, eight rays of
The Order
is
silver.
indicated by the initials K.P.
are the Prelate^ the
Archbishop
OF Armagh; the Chancellor^ the Archbishop of Dublin; the

Registrar, the
Dean of
St.
Patrick's
the
Genealogist ; the
Usher of the Black Rod; Ulster King-of-Anns ; two Heralds,
and four Pursuivants.
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath.

originally instituted as early as the reign of
founded by George L,
May
25, 1725.
This Order,
Henry
Among
IV.,
was
re-
the various rites
and ceremonies attending the ancient usage, was the symbolical
The
act of bathing.
last lingering
instances of conformity with
the primitive observances are recorded to have taken place on
the occasion of the coronation of
and from
sixty-eight Knights,
neglected and
fell
Charles U., who
that time to 1725, the
created
Order was
into oblivion.
In 1815 the Order was remodelled, and for "the purpose of
commemorating the
auspicious
arduous contests in which
was decided that
it
this
termination
of
the
long and
empire had been engaged,"
should consist of three classes
it
KNIGHTHOOD.
Nos. 461, 462.- Insignia of
3S5
the Order of the Bath.
25
HERALDRY.
386
The
First Class consists of Knights called
Cross (G.C.B.), of the Naval,
The
Military,
Knights Grand
and Diplomatic
services.
Knights Commanders (K.C.B.), also of
Seco7id Class are
the three services.
No. 463
The
lyiird Class are
to the style
and
title
The Naval and
The
Star
of Knights G.C.B.
Companions
(C.B.),
and are not
of Knighthood.
Military insignia are as follows
Collar of gold, in weight thirty ounces (No. 462),

J
posed of nine imperial crowns,
and shamrock,
entitled
and
is
com-
eight groups of rose, thistle,
issuing from a sceptre,
and enamelled proper,
all
KNIGHTHOOD.
387
linked together with seventeen knots enamelled

the
ar.,
and having
Badge as a pendant.
The Star
(No. 463), worn by the G.C.B.,
silver or jewels,
same device
formed of rays
is
of
thereon a golden Maltese cross, charged with the
as the
Maltese cross, and
Badge (No.
is itself
in
461).
its
The K.C.B.
Star omits the
form a cross pattee (No. 464).
No. 464. Star of the Knights K.C.B.
Tlie
Badge
is
a gold cross of eight points, enamelled
each of the four angles a lion of England

circle, gu,,
charged with the Motto the rose,

^
rock, issuing from a sceptre,
crowns; the
circle
is
in
thistle,
and sham-
and alternating with three imperial
encompassed with two branches of
which issue from an azure
ar.
in the centre, within a
scroll in base,
laurel,
bearing in golden letters
the words " ich dien " (No. 462).

25
HERALDRY.
388
This Badge
is
worn by the G.C.B, pendent from a broad red
Ribbon across the
left
by the K.C.B. from a
shoulder, and
narrower red ribbon from the neck, and by a
The
ribbon from the button-hole.
still
cross (No. 462)
narrower
is
worn by
the C.B. as their badge.
The Diplomatic and
The
Badge^ of gold, an oval, having the external
with the Motto, and

It is
Civil insignia are

fillet
charged
encircling the central device of the Order.
worn by the three
classes with the
same
Military badge; but the C.B. Civil badge
is
distinctions as the
smaller than the
badges of the two higher classes (No. 461).
The Star of
centre
is
the G.C.B., of
in
has eight rays, and in
its
the red circle with the Motto, enclosing three Imperial
crowns upon a glory of
same
silver,
silver rays.
The
Star of the K.C.B.
is
the
form and size with that of the Military K.C.B., only
omitting the laurel-wreath round the circle with the motto, and
the small scroll with the legend " ich dien."
The Motto
well to the
of the Order
Union of
is
" tria juncta in uno," and refers as
the three realms of the United
Kingdom
as
to the branches of the national service, namely, Naval, Military,
and Diplomatic or
Civil.
The Companions
insignia than their
The Dean
The
of the
of the Order (C.B.) do not wear any other
badge with
Order
is
Stalls of the early
its
the
ribbon.
Dean of Westminster.
G.C.B. are in
Henry
VII.'s Chapel,
Westminster, with the stall-plates and the banners of the Knights,
KNIGHTHOOD.
and the
stall-plates
been an
of the Esquires; but since 18 15 there has not
installation of the Knights,
who have become
ous a body to be accommodated in the
stalls
The Most Distinguished Order of

George.
This
389
too numer-
of Westminster.
St.
Michael and
Order was founded in the year 18 18,
St.
for be-
stowing honourable distinctions upon the natives of Malta and

the Ionian Islands^
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of
India.
Order was instituted by Her Majesty the Queen,

1
86 1,
for
in the year
bestowing honour upon the people of her Indian
The Order
Empire.
This
consists of the SozweigUy a Gra?id Master,
always to be Governor-General of India, and twenty-five Knights,

with such Hojiorary Knights as the
Crown may
Knights are to include both Naval, Military, and Civil
and natives of
The
appoint.
officers,
India.
The
insignia are
The
Collar (No. 466)
palm-branches.
is
composed of
In the centre
is
roses, lotus-flowers,
and
the Imperial crown from which
depends the Badge, consisting of a brilliant mullet, or star of five

points, to
which
onyx cameo
is
suspended an oval medallion containing an
profile bust of the
Queen,
gold letters on light blue enamel.
The
Investmettt Badge,
blue with white borders,
but the
star,
diamonds.
is
encircled
by the Motto
in
worn pendent from a Ribbon of pale

the
same
in design as the collar badge,
the setting of the cameo,
and the motto
are all of
HERALDRY.
390
Nos. 465, 466, 467. Insignia ok the
The
Star^ of diamonds,
of gold.
It is
is
Order of the Star of
also a mullet,
surrounded by an azure
on an
fillet,
India.
irradiated field
bordered with gold,
KNIGHTHOOD.
and charged with the Motto
in
391
diamonds j the whole
is
encircled
with wavy rays of gold (No. 465).
DECORATIONS OF HONOUR.
The Victoria Cross,

1856,
is
instituted
by Her Majesty
Queen
the
with the enemy.
a Maltese cross of bronze, charged with
It is
the imperial crown and crest, and has the words " for
upon a
in
the decoration oi emifient personal valour in actual conflict
scroll.
The
Cross
is
worn on the
left
valour "
breast attached to
a blue ribbon for the Navy, and to a red ribbon for the Army.
Bar
is
attached for every act of gallantry that would have
won
the Cross.
The Albert Medal,
instituted
decoration for courage in saving
by the Queen
life
at sea.
containing an anchor interlaced with the
surrounded with the words

SEA."
The Medal
Medals and
is
*'
in 1866,
is
the
It is of oval shape,
monogram
V.A., and
for gallantry in saving life at
of silver and also of bronze.
clasps,
with
ribbons
to
which they should be
attached, have been conferred for signal services, both naval and
The
military.
colour of the ribbon
is
different for each
Medal.
Clasps and small Bars are attached to the ribbons, each bearing the
name
of
some
Medal was
particular action in the
struck.
campaign
for
which the
No. 468. Seal of Beatrice of Portugal, Countess of Arundel and Surrey.

Temp. Henry V.
CHAPTER
SEALS
ARMS
at
AND
XXXII.
COINS.
a very early period were engraved on Seals, and
were employed to
certify charters
Seals were introduced into
England
and
writings.
in the reign of
Edward the
Confessor, from whose time the Royal Seals of England form an

uninterrupted series of surpassing interest, and value.
of using Seals
came
into
The custom
England from Normandy, and
confined to Royalty, for the foundation deeds of
it
many
was not
of our
SEALS AND
COINS.
393
ancient abbeys have the Seals of arms of those

grants; but
Seals,
it is
most probable
and even of
Seals,
who made
the
that the privilege of using arms
was confined
on
and
to nobles, knights,
ecclesiastics.
Heraldic devices, with every conceivable variety both of accessory
and legend, were introduced
Within a few years
after the
into these early seals.
Norman Conquest,
became generally established; and
the use of Seals
early in the twelfth century
they were generally adopted for authenticating documents.
In 1215,
Magna Charta was
sealed
by King John; nor
Royal signature known to have confirmed a document

time of
Richard
should have a
until the
the close of the fourteenth century.
II., at
In the year 1307
is
Edward
Common
ordered that
I.
and
Seal,
that a
all religious
houses
deed without a Seal
attached should be null and void.
The
larger Seals (and
many
of the early Seals are of very con-
siderable size) were engraven
on
latten or brass, or steel.
is
Jet
employed, with other materials.
suitable pieces of gold, silver,
found to have been sometimes

In form, the Seals are either
cir-
The
im-
cular or pointed ovals.
The Royal
pressions were taken in
wax of
more important
Seals were very
shields are circular.
various colours.
commonly
Like coins, the
impressed on both
sides.
Such impressions were appended to documents, and not stamped
on them.
to cover the
wax
fifteenth century
it
became customary
for the sake of preserving
it
with a wrapper of paper; or various
In the
HERALDRY,
394
ingenious devices were employed for securing the
by
encircling
wax from
injury,
the impression with " fenders " formed of rushes,
Persons of Royal or noble rank had a
leaves, or plaited paper.
personal or private seal, designated a Secretum.
No. 469.
Shields from Early Seals of thf,
Some
artistic
of the early Seals are designed and engraved in the most
and
perfect manner,
possess great merit.

tinct designs.
and
to
No. 470.
Nevilles.
De
and even those of ruder workmanship
The Great
Seals have each of
In one, the Sovereign
in the other, as enthroned.
have been regarded as the
is
The mounted
obverse^ or Seal,
as the reverse^ or Counter-Seal.
them two
figures
appear always
and those enthroned
These Seals form a most
ing group, and are really worth a careful examination
impressions are exhibited at the British

accessible.
design,
The Great
Seals
and the elaborate
of
dis-
represented on horseback,
Museum, and
Edward
III.
interest-
beautiful
are quite
are exquisite in
architectural enrichments are beautifully
SEALS AND
Edward commenced by
executed.
mother,
CO/NS.
will
it
395
placing two
fleiirs-de-lis (his
be remembered, was Isabella ^/r^//<r^) above the
castles (of Castile)
in the Seal of his father; then
he substituted
for the old Seal (in the year of his accession, a.d.
1327) a
No. 471. Early Seal of St. John.
No
472. Early Seal of St.
of improved genefal design, with the fleur-de-lis

phatic.
Edward
III.
After
other, used in
with the legend "

in
shields of
two Great Seals
were in use, sometimes concurrently
King himself, in which the legend runs "

and the
this,
of Sussex./'
much more em-
In 1340, a Seal appeared charged with two
France atuient and England quarterly

of
Jorthf
new one,
one by the
rex francie et anglie;"
England when the king was absent
rex anglie et francie."
Another
in France>
seal,
made
accordance with the Peace of Bretigny, a.d. 1360, omits the
" francie
" altogether
fleurs-de-lis
resumes
its
in
from the legend, but retains the quartered
the shield as before.
The "francie," however,
original place before the close of the reign.
HERALDRY.
396
The Great
Seals of the preceding
and succeeding reigns
characteristic illustrations of costume,
afford
arms, armour, and horse
equipments.
The Great
Seals of several personages of importance in the
mediaeval history of England, abound in heraldic accessories and

devices.
The
practice prevalent with the early seal-engravers of
introducing figures of animals on each side of either shield or crest,
was
in all probability instrumental in introducing regular supporters
a? accessories of achievements of arms.
No. 473. Seal of the Dauphin Louis.
It will only
No. 474. Seal of Thurstan.
be possible to adduce a few examples
of the Heraldry of Seals.
Nos. 469 and 470 are two early Seals
of the Nevilles of the time of
Henry HI. and Edward
other seal of the same early period
and
in the
corresponding seal (No.
John
John of Sussex, the shield has
six
An-
charged with a similar
472) of a St.
(No. 471)
I.
is
shield of St.
its
in illustration
pointed mullets charged upon a
field
markable instance of heraldic combination.
of
its
own
chief with
Warrenne
The
re-
heraldic Seal
SEALS AND
of
Thurstan
example.
^^
With
COINS.
Dispensatoris regis" (No. 474),
this
may be
this early
Vavassour (No.
group
may be
475).
This
No. 475. Seal of
initial
another early
lis
(No. 473).
associated the seal of
last shield
Mauger
Mauger le
bears the letter
M the
le Vavassour.
of the owner's name; or possibly, the device which afterwards
was modified into the well-known

was
is
included the Seal of the Dauphin
Louis, a.d. 12 16, which bears a shield semee de
With
397
originally designed to
fesse dancette of the
be a monogram of the two
About the middle of the fourteenth

engravers was employed
traceries of
The
Vavassours
initials
MV.
century, the skill of the seal-
in decorating the Seals with elaborate
Gothic architectural design.
Seal of Joan,
Countess of Surrey (No.
273, page 212)
is
HERALDRY.
398
an example of
Bardolf,
is
this decoration.
remarkable for
of the geometrical tracery.
a central
shield, as
its
The
beautiful Seal of
exquisite design
John, Lord
and the engraving
This Seal (No. 477) bears the arms in
does that of Elizabeth, Lady Bardolf (No.
276, page 214).
The Secretum
caster,
who
of
No. 476. Secretum of

Second Son of the first
in that
Henry, second son of
Earldom,
Henry Plantagenet,
Earl of Lancaster.
is
also a
first
Earl of Lan-
No. 477. Seal of John,

Lord Bardoh'h.
good specimen of
bears the shield of the Earl

bendletf as
the
afterwards succeeded his father and his elder brother
England
seal engraving.
differenced
It
with an azure
he displayed the same composition upon
his
banner
at
Caerlaverock (No. 476).
The
Seal of Queen's College, Oxford
one of the most beautiful
heraldic Seals in existence is charged with three shields
dexter a shield of France ancient

shield of
Queen
and England;
to the
to the sinister a
Philippa, of Hainault, bearing England quarter-
SEALS AND
Nos. 478, 479. Seals of
COINS.
399
William and Humphrey de Bohun.
ing Hainaidt, as in No. 298, page 232; and in base the arms of
the College,
or^ three eagles disp. gu.
No. 480. Seal of
The
Thomas Plantagenet,
beautiful Seal of
K.G.,
Duke
of Gloucester.
Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Glou-
cester, youngest son of
Edward
III.
(No. 480), has a shield
HERALDRY.
400
which bears Frame ancient aiid England quarterly, within a

diire arg. between
two
scrolledfeathers.
The
Seal of
bor-
Thomas Hol-
land, K.G. (No. 481), represents the shield of arms of the Earl:
England withi7i a bordure arg. The design of
this Seal is singularly-
good.
Nos. 478 and 479 represent two Seals of the
No. 481. Seal of
De Bohuns, Earls
Thomas Holland, K G
a.d. 1380.
OF Hereford and Northampton. The mullets of Northampton

here have six points, and the
alliance with the
Earl of Hereford shows
Crown of England
his close
in introducing three lions pas-
sant gnardant into the composition of his Seal.
The
Seal of
Richard, Earl of Arundel, bears
ment of arms (No.
482).
The
his achieve-
supporters, crest, helm, &c., are as
conspicuously drawn as the shield.
The
crest
is
large in proportion
SEALS AND
to the shield
it
COINS.
was usually thus represented
401
in the compositions
of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
Some few of the most

insignia charged
effective heraldic Seals display the armorial
upon banners instead of
shields.
Thus
the Seal of
No. 482. Seal of Richard, Earl of Arundel
Sir
Henry
Percy, eldest son of Henry, Earl of Northumber-
land, A.D. 1445, bears a
and Lucy,
differenced
lion holding
a quartered banner of Percy
with a label of three points.
Seals of the middle ages also bore
mounted
effigies,
representing
26
HERALDRY.
402
both horse and charger, in coats bearing heraldic devices. Representations of shipping of the olden time are not at
all
uncommon
in mediaeval Seals.
The remarkable
the Seal of
Seal of
Mortimer
Edmund de Arundel
(No. 398), and
(No. 483), placed at the end of this chapter,
complete the number of examples of
this
most
interesting portion
of Heraldry.
COINS.
The Heraldry of the Coinage

The
of England.
shield of
displays the Royal Heraldry
arms of the reigning Sovereign, with
certain significant devices as accessories
head of the Sovereign on the

historical record that could
do not bear
Crown
Edward
both gold and
IV., the Angela
silver,
side,
and the
perhaps the most expressive
Some
of our early coins
The Nohky Edward
Henry
HI., the Rose
VI., the Sovereign,
Henry
VII.,
Henry
VIII., are amongst these,
VII., the George Noble,

in
is
be devised.
shields of arms.
Noble or Rial^
Henry
other,
on the one
all in
gold,
and the
but even these bear heraldic devices in some form or another.

Until the present century, the Coins in their heraldic and
character possessed great merit,
the
artistic
and
it is
artistic
a matter of surprise that
excellence cannot be restored, and that such an im-
portant opportunity
of the people.
is
lost
of cultivating and educating the taste
INDEX.
Abacot, 103
Abased, 103
Abatement, 103
Alb, 105
;
of lUegitimacj', 257
Abbot, 103
staff,
of,
105
103
Abercorn, the Marquess
Abergavenny, the Earl of,

Abergavenny, slab at, 252
Abeyance, 104
Abingdon, the Earl of, 259
229
33c
of,
H.R.H.
the late Prince Consort
arms, 285, 288
label, 289.
for marshalling his arms, 286
263
Alcantara, Order
of,
105
lo^.
Alembic, 106
Alexandra, H. R. H. the Princess of Wales, 287
H.R.H.
the Prince, 289
Accession, 104
Alfred,
Accessories of Shields, 104

Accolade, 104
Alianore de Bohun.
See Bohun.
Accolee, 104, 210
Alianore of Castile and Leon, 53, 217

Alianore Holland, 71
Accosted, 104
Aliaize, 106
Alice,
104.
Acorn, 105
Addorsed, 82, 105
Admiral, 105
Admiralty Flag, 359

Adoption, arms of, 109
Adorned, 105
Advancers, 105
9, 104,
231, 308
H.R.H.
the Princess, 291
Alise, 106
AUerion, 106
arms
AUumee, 106
Alliance,
of, 109, 222,
Allusive arms, 352
Almoner, 106
Altar, 106
Aiguisee, 105
Ambulant, 106
Amethyst, 106
Amherst, Lord, 61
Amphisien cockatrice, 106
Ananas, 106
Aisle, 105
Anchor, 106
Affronlee, 87, iot, 105
Agnus Dei,
105
Aguilated, 105
Design
his coronet,
his badge, 308
Alderman,
104, 128
Achievement of Arms,
his
Albert medal, 391
bouche, 104
Accrued.
arms, 284 coronet, 265

Albert Edward, H. R. H. the Prince of Wales,
K.G.
Abbreviations, 13
Aboute,
Albany herald, 105

Albert,
Abbotsbury Abbey, arms

Abbot's
Ajoure, 105
Alant, 105
Abaisse, 103
225
INDEX,
404
Ancient, io6
Armstrong, arms
Ancred or anchored, io6
Arrache, 109
Andrew
cross, 107
of,
58
Arragon, Catherine
of,
Andrew, St., Order of, 107

Angel (the coin), 402
Angenne, 107
Arraswise, 109
Angles, 107
Arriere, 109
Animd, 107
Anne of Bohemia, 71
.%rov', !;, 119
Anne
Arrayed, 109
Arrayer, 109
Arrondie, 109
Boleyn, her badge, 307
Anne, Queen, her arms,
H.R.H.
ArtJiCr,
224, 283
badge, 308
the Prince, 289
Arundel, the Fitz-Alans, coronets, 268
Arundel,
crown, 264
Edmund
d',
Arundel, John, Earl
Annodated, 107
Annulet, 37, 107
Annulettê, 107
in
modem cadency,
255
of,
300
of, his seal,
d', 256
Arundel, Richard, Earl
Ash Keys, ixo

Ashmolean MSS., 346
Antique crown, 107
Aspect,
Appaumê,
Aspersed,
of,
57
loi, 108
Ass,
Assis,
Archbishop, the, 108, 36J
Assurgent,
Archduke, 108
Assumptive arms, ito

See Croziil
Duke
50
of,
of,
311
Hasiiiiga, 295
At bay, no
At gaze, 87, no
At speed, 87
108
12,
Baron
Astley,
Architectural Heraldry, 368
Argyll, the
no
Ashton, Rebus
Arches, 108
Argent,
Arm, 108
Armagh, Archbishop of, 384
Armed, 87, 108
" Armes parlantes," 109
Arming buckles, 109
Arming doublet, 109
Armori, Roger d', 213
no
Attire,
Attires, 87,
no
Audele, Sir Hugh, 239

Audele, Sir James, 239
Augmentation of Honour, no,

Aulned, xio
Aumberdene, Nicholas, 138

iVuuay, Sir William d 301
Armourer, 109
Armoury, 98, 109

Arms, heraldic, origin
Aure,
of,
350: Allusive, 352;
Alliance, 222: Archbishop's, 224; Corporate,
Husband and wife,

Peeress in her own right, 2305 Widow-
no
Auiiflamme,
no
Austria, the crown
229; of Dominion, 229;
Avellane, cross, 44,
222
Aversant,
and widows, 223

Arms, dimidiating. 221
heritance
of,
225
of,
223
impaling. 223; in-
marshalling. 210. 225
permanent combination
combination
no
Aviz, Order
ers
of,
400
285
no
no
Apostles, 108
staff.
of,
no
no
Apple, 108
Archiepiscopal
of, his seai,
Ascendant, 109
107
Antelope, 107
Anson, arms
317
Arundel, Ralph
Ascania, Bernard, Count
Annulets conjoined, 107

Annunciation, Order
her badges, 307
225
temporary
quartering, 217
of,
no
Ayrant, no
Aylets.
Azure,
12, iti
110
of,
_yJ
no
229, /gz
INDEX.
bachelor,
Bar-shot, 113
See Basinet
Royal of England, 305
''^Badges, iii, 303
White Hart badge, 304
Badge, or jewel, of Knights of the Order of
iSacinet.
the Garter, 377, 378 of the Order of the

of the Order of St. Patrick,
Thistle, 381
;
384
of the Order of the Bath, 387
of the
of madder, 11
Barrow, arms
25, 112
of,
Barrulet, 24, 112, 113
Barry, 47
Barry bendy,
Barry
49, 113
pily, 50, 113
Basinet, bacinet, 71, 114, 299, 327
Bassett brothers, 251
Bastard-bar, 114
Bat, 114
Bateman, Lord, 57
Bath herald, 342
Bath, the Marquess
See Beacon
in
in
Bande, in
Banded, in
Banderole, in
Bandrick, in
Balista,
Baton,
Baton
114
24,
sinister,
Battle-axe, 114
Banneret, knight, 112, 356
Batune, 114
Baphomet, 112
Baynes, arms
Bar, 20, 24, 112
Bayeux
Barbarossa, the Emperor, 285
Beacon, 115
Barbed,
Beaked,
Battled, 114, 141

Battled, embattled, 114
109, 112
of,
of,
41
94, 108
Bear, 88, 115
Barded, 66, 112
Bear and ragged
Bardings, 66
Eliz.,
42
tapestry, 139, 355
Beam, 115
Beams, 115
Barbel, 96, 112
Lady, her
Bardolph, John, Lord, his
seal, 213,
398
seal, 213, 398
Thomas and William, 251

John, his monogram and collar,
staff,
badge, 310
Beard, 115
Bearded, 115
Bearers, 115
Bardolph,
Baret,
257
Battering-ram, 114
Bangor, Viscount, 42
Bangor, arms of the See, 362
Banner, in, 148, 356
Bardolph,
48
of,
Bath, Order of the, 384 motto, 323

Bath and Wells, arms of the See, 362
Ball,
Barclay, arms
61
Barrulê, Barruly, 47, 1x3
Base, 114
in
Bagwyn, in
Baillon^, in
Baldrick, in
Bale corded, in
Bagpipes,
Bale-fire.
Bars gemelles,
Bar-wise, 114
Star of India, 389
Bag
405
174
Bearing, bearings, 98, 115
H.R.H.
the Princess, 291
Barkele, Maurice de, 251
Beatrice,
Barker, rebus
Beatrice of Portugal, her seal, 392
of,
312
Beauchamps, their differences, 250;

monuments, 250
Beauchamp, Sir John, K.G., 250
Barnacle, 112
Barnacles, 113, 119
Baron, 113
Baron's coronet, 269
Beauforts, their cadency, 245
Baron and femme,
Beaufort, John, K.G., 256
113, 22i
Beaufort, Margaret de, 244
Baronets, 113, 313

211
Beautified, 115
Barr, De, Henry, 212
Beaver, 89, 115
Barr, De, arms
of,
their
INDEX.
4o6
Beckett,
Thomas
352
INDEX.
Brands, 118
407
4o8
Casque, 122
INDEX.
INDEX.
409
Close-^rt, 126
Compartment, 128
Closet, 24, 126
Compasses, 128
Closetty, 47
Club-spiked, 126
Complement, 128
Componee, compony, gobony,
Compostella, Order of, 128
Compton, 331
Concession, arms of, 109
Coney, 128
Clymant, 126
Confessor,
C.M.G., 126
origii*
Closing-tongs, 126
Cloue, 126
Cloves, 126
Club, 126
Coats of arms,
63, 126
Cobham, brasses at, 297 helmets from,

Cobham, Sir John de, 250
Cobham, Rauf de, 251
Cobham, Sir Reginald de, 251
Cobweb and spider, 126
;
331
arms,
the,
of his martlets, 252
mas Holland, 279
Coach, 126
Cock,
Edward
51, 128
assumed by Henry
Bolingbroke, 237
Confronte, 128
Conger
eel's
head, 128
Conjoined, 94, 128
Conjoined in
lure, 128
Constable, 128
Contoise, 71, 128
93, 127
Contoumee, 128
Cockade, 127
Cockatrice, 127
Conventionalisms in heraldic drawing,
Cocke, 124
Coote, 128
Cope,
Cocquel, 127
Queen
Cognizance, 127
Coif of mail, 127
Corbie, 129
Elizabeth, 303
Coins, 402
Corded, 129
Colebrooke arms, 93
Cormorant,
Collar, 127, 311
of mermaids, 173; of the
Order of the Garter, 37

S.S., 71
Lancastrian, of
Yorkist, of suns
and
roses, 71;
of the Order of the Thistle, 380
Order of
St. Patrick,
the Bath, 386
384
of the
of the Order of
of the Order of the Star of
85
of,
187
92, 93, 129
Cornet, 129, 349
Cornish chough, 93, 129

Cornucopia, 129
Cornwall, Richard, Earl
of,
Cornwall, Albert Edward,
and Emperor, 90
Duke
of,
286
Coronets, 129, 231, 261, 270; of Princes and

Princesses, 266; of the late Prince Con-
India, 389
Collared, 127
College of Arms, 127,
sort,
3^
265; of the Prince and Princess of
Colours, 13, 127
Wales, 265
Corporate bodies, arms,
Column, 127
Cost, couste, 23, 129
arms, 342, 353
109, 361
Colwall, brass at, 244
Cotice, cotise, cotised, 23, 129
Columbine, 128
Cotoye, 129
Cotton hanks, 129
Colyer arms, 62
Combatant,
84,
74, 128
Copper, 129
Corbett, rebus
Coffin of
278
215,
grant to Tho-
81, 128
Combed, 127
Couchant,
82, 85, loi, 129
Couchee, 129
Combel, 128
Coudiere, 102, 130
Combinations, heraldic, 55
Coulter, 130
Comet, 128
Community, arms of, 96, 229
Companions of the Order of the Bath, 388
Counter-changing, counter-changed,
248
Counter-componde,
51, 130
51, 130,
4IO
Counter-embowed, 130
INDEX.
INDEX.
411
Dancette, danse, 134
Devouring, 136
Dexter, 136
JDancette, 19, 135
Diadem, diademed,
Danebrog, Order of, 135

Danish axe, 135
Dartmouth, Earl of, 334
Diagonal
Dame, 134
13
261
See Saltire
cross.
Diamond, 136
Diaper, diapering, 52, 136
Dasie, arms, 352
Diapered, 136
Danberry, John, 331

D'Aubernoun, Sir John, the younger, 64
D'Aubigne, Sir John, 72, 257
Dice, 137
Dauphin, 135, 396

Dauphin's crown, 135
Difference, differencing, 137, 233
badges differenced,
257
Death's head, 135

Debruised, 135
Dilated, 137
Decapitated, 135
Diminution of arms, 137
Dechausse, 135
Diminutives, 137
Decked, 135
Disarmed, 137
Decollated, 135
Disclosed, 92, loi, 137
Decouple, 135
Decours, 135
Dismembered, demembered, 137
Decrescent, 135
Disponed, disposed, 137
Dimidiation, dimidiated, 137, 220
Displayed, 92, loi, 137
Defamed, diffame, 135
Disvelloped, 137
Defences, 136
Ditzmers arms, 289

Dividing or divisional
Defender of the Faith, 136

Defendu, 136
Degreed, 43, 136
Dog-collar, 138
Disgraced, 135
Dois, 134
Dolphin, 95,
Delf, 136
Demembered, dismembered,
Demi, 136
83, 136
96,
Domed,
Dominion, arms
Demi-Saracen, 86
Donjonne, 140
Dormant, 139
proper, arms, 289
Denmark, as borne by the Princess of Wales,

287
Denmark, H.R.H., Alexandra
of,
287
301
Dering, 312
Despencer,
De
138
Dolphingley, 95
Demi-monk, 136
of,
Spencer, 150
Despencer, AHanore, 242

Despencer, Henry le, Bishop of Norwich, 246
138
of, 109, 138,
Double fitchee, 139

Double quatrefoil, 255
Double queue, 139, 186
Double tete, 89, 139
Doubling, 139
Douglas, badge, 159, 310
Douglas, James, K.G., crest, 190
Doure, Foubert de,
Developed, 136
Downe, Viscount,
Devices, 136
of,
242, 243
229
Dosser, 139
Detriment, 136
Devon, the Earls
137
Dolphin arms, 95
Demi-lion rampant, 86, 248
Derby. Stanley, Earls
lines, 19,
Dobell arms, 352

Dogs, 88, 138
Degrees, 136
Denmark
by change
sories differenced, 257
Dean, 135
various methods, 244

of tinctures, 235
early differencing charges, 118, 233; acces-
Dove,
52,
54
crest, 86, 301
93, 139, 352
Dovetail, dovetailed, 19, 139
INDEX.
412
Dragon, 139
supporter of the
Tudor Sove-
Eel, 96, 141
Eel-basket, 141
reigns, 318
Eel-spear, 141
Dragon's head, 139

Dragon's tail, 139
Effingham, Howard, Earl
Drawing
Eight-foil, 141
iron, 139
Dryden, Sir Henry, 154
Eldon, Earl
Dublin, Archbishop
Eleanor.
of,
384
Dublin, Robert de Vere, Marquess
Dublin, Albert Edward, Earl
of,
of,
268
of,
of,
259
259
See Alianore
Electoral crown, 141
bonnet, 284
Elephant, 88, 141
286
Ducal coronet, 139, 270

Ducally gorged, 139
Elephant's head, 89
Elevated, 141
Duchess, 140
Duciper, 121, 140
Ducks, 140
Elibank, Lord, 259
Dugdale, William, 344
369 coffin, 303

Elizabeth Plantagenet of York, 333
Ellis arms, 223
Duke, 140
Elizabeth, arms, 281
and motto, 323
Dung-fork, 140
Dunghill cock, 127
Dunjeoned, 140
Durham, Bishop and See
Durrant arms, 43
Dynham, Lord,
crest,
supporters, 318
;
badges
monument,
coronet, 267
crown, 264
of, 276,
Eltham. John of. See John

Ely, Bishop and See of, 271, 362
Embattled, battled, 19, 141
362
Emblems, sacred, 369

Embordered, 141
273
Embowed,
Embrued,
95, loi, 141
141
Emerald, 141
Eagle, erne, heraldic, 88, 90, 101, 140
Eagle, early examples of, 90, 91, 137
Eaglet, 9:, 140
Emmets,
Emperor,
En
coronet, 268
Crouchback,
Edward
Edward
Edward
Edward
the Confessor.
Englantd, 142
83
53,
arms, 229
as Prince Royal, 236
III., arms, 279,
305
great
:
Engrailed,
as Prince Royal, 236
arms, 279
EngouMe, 142
See Confessor
450: crests, 299;
imputed
394
his descendants, 334 as
seals,
Prince Royal, 236

badges, 306
sup-
supporters, 318; as
Prince of Wales, 307

VI., arms, 281
Edward
144
En manche,
142
Ensigns, 359
Ensigned, 142
Entoyre, 14a
Entwined by, 14a
V., arms, aSr
crown, 264
19, 90, loi,
Engrossing block, 142

Enhanced, 57, 142
Entd en rond, 149
IV.. arms, 281
porters, 318
Edward
endorsed, 23, 94, 105, 14a
Enfiled, 142
Plantagcnet, K.G., 91
supporters, 317
Edward
England, arms, 75
Edmond
Edmond
badges,
22, 142
Enfield, brass at, 70
Eclipsed, 141
II.,
arriere, 141
Endorse,
Earl Marshal of England, 140

Eastern crown, 107, 141, 272
I.,
the, 91, 141
Enaluron, 141
Eared, 140
Earl, 140
ants, 141
badge, 308
Environnê, enveloped, 143

Epaulette, 142
supporters,
318
Episcopal
staff,
Eradicated, 142
14a
INDEX.
Erased, 86, 109, 142
413
Fermaile, fermaux, 146
Erect, loi, 142
Ferr, 146
Ermine,
Ferrers, Earls of Derby, 161
13,
Ermine,
Ermine
142
Ferrers, Lord, of Chartley, 145
the, 89, 300
spots, 16
Ermines,
Erminois,
Fesse, 24, 146
Fesse point, 146
142
13,
Fesse-wise, fesse-ways, 99, 146

Fetterlock, badge, 146
13, 142
Ermynites, 15
Escallop, 96
Field, 98, 146
for differencing, 252
Escarbuncle, 64, 122, 143

Escarpe, 192
Figured, 146
E'jcartele, 143
Fillet, 22,
Esclatte, 143
Filliol
File, 146, 165
Fimbriation, 146, 356
Escroll, 143
Escutcheon,
30, 143
of pretence, 143, 225
Esquire, 143
Essex,
146
arms, 214
;
fimbriated, 44
Finned, 96, 147

Fire-ball, ball-fired, 147
Henry
Earl
Bourchier,
of.
See
Bourchier
Fire-beacon, 147
P'irebrand, 147
Fish, heraldic, 94, 96, 147

Fissure, 147
Essomier, 144
Estoile, 144
Etchingham Church, 360

Evangelists, emblems of, 144, 369
Exeter, the See and Bishops of, 108, 362
Fitchee, 43, 147
Exeter Cathedral, 244, 311
Fitz-Alan,
Expanded wings, 144
Fitz-Alan,
Fitz-Alan arms, 246

Fitz-Alan, John, effigy, 63
Thomas, 268
Thomas, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 246
Fitzgerald, 221
Fitz-Geoffrey, 245
Falchion, 144
Fitzroy, Henry, 257

Fitz-Walter arms, 212
Falcon, 90, 92, 10
Five-leaved grass, 147
Falcon and fetterlock, 92, 144

Falcon and sceptre, badge, 144
Flags, military, 359
Faggot, 144
Flag, flags, 147, 355

Flags, naval, 359
False cross, 144

False escutcheon, 144
False roundel, 144
Flagon, 148
Flamant, 38
Fan, winnowing fan, 144

Faroe Islands, arms, 290
Faversham Abbey, arms, 221
Flanches, 31, 148
Feathers, 144, 299, 307
Flax-breakers, 148
Feathered, 109, 144
Fleam, flegme, 148
Flanders arms, 219

Flasques, 33, 148
Fleeted, 141, 150
Feathers, ostrich, 144

Feathers, panache, plume
of,
Fleece, 148
145
Feld, John, his tabard, 69
Flesh-hook, 148
Femme,
Flesh-pot, 148
146
Fer-de-moline,
Ferdinand
266
Fleurie, 42
14-6
III.,
King of
Castile
and Leon,
Fleur de
lis,
100
lis,
;
148
its origin,
148
for differencing, 252
semee de
414
Heurettee, fleury, 43, 150
INDEX.
INDEX.
Glove, 154
Goat, 89, 154
Gussets, 156
Guttee, de larmes, d'eau, d'olive, d'or, de poix,
See Compony
Gobony.
du sang, 156
Gold, 155
Golden
415
fleece, 148
Guttee reversed, 157

Guze, 35, 157
Order of, 155
Goipe, 35, 155
Gyron,
Gonfannon, 155
Gyronny, gyronnee,
and Caius
Gonville
College,
157
29,
50,
157
Cambridge,
arms, 96
Goodryke, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, 274

Gordon arms, 89 badge, 117
Gorge, gurge, 155
Habergeon, 157
Habick, 157
Gorged,
Habited, 157
Hackle, 157
86, 89, 155
Goshawk, 155
Hake-fish, 157
Halbert, 157
Gradient, 155
Halk spear, 157

Hames, Heames,
Grafted, 155
Duke
Grafton, the
See Philippa
Hainhault.
See Guttee
Goutlee.
of,
257
158
Grafton rebus, 313

Grandison arms, 247
Hamilton, 250
Grandison, Bishop John de, 248
Hampson, Sir G., 160

Hands, human, 158
Hanover arms, 283
Grand
Hammer,
quarters, i8
Grant arms, 273
Hanover, Electoral bonnet of, 284

Harcourt, Sir Robert, K.G., mantling, 258
Hardinge crest, 302
Grant, Sir Francis, Lord Cullen, 295

Grappling-iron, 155
Grasshopper, 155
Hare, 158
Grater, 155
Great
seals,
158
394
Great Yarmouth, shields of arms

church of, 238
in
the
Harford, Anthony, 244

Harford, with canton of Scrope, 244
Harp, 158 badge of Ireland, 158, 282
;
Greenland arms, 289
Harpham,
Grenville, Neville, 95, 334
Harpoon, 158
Gresham,
Sir
Thomas, 155
brasses at, 299
Harpur Crewe arms, 294
Grey, Richard de, 239
Harpy, 158
Greyhound,
Harnsett, Archbishop, 275
88, 155,
304
Grice, 155
Harrington knot,
Gridiron, 155
Harris, 89
Grieces, 155
158, 314
" Harry crown," 263
gryphon, 155
Grosvenor, Sir Robert, 243
Hart,
Guard, 156
Guardant, 156
Hastings, Sir
Gufalcon, 90
Hastings, John de, K.G., 210
Guige, 156, 316
Hastings, the Earl, his banner at Caerlave-
Griffin,
87, 158
Hastings arms, 212
rock, 234
Hatchet, 158
Gunstone, 156
Hatchment, 158
Gurge, 156
badges, 314
his brass, 54
Hastings, Astley, 295
Guillim, 352
Gules, 12, 156
Hugh,
exemplification of heraldic
debasement, 254
;;
INDEX,
4i6
Thomas
Hatfield,
Heraldry of monuments, 369;
de, 276
Hereford; Bishops and See
Hauriant, haurient, 95, 147
Hause, 159
Hereford, Earls
Hawk, 92, 159

Hawk's lure, 159
Heriz, De, arms, 89
Hawk's
bells
Herring arms, 96
Herse, 160
Hesse-Darmstadt, 186
Highness, 161
Head, 159
Heames, 159
Hill, hillock, 161
Heart, 159,
Hiked, i6i
93
Hilton, Sir William de, 214
89, 159
Hind, 87, 161, 400
Heightened, 159
Heiress, husband
of,
Hirondelle, 161
225
Hoist, 147, 161
Helena, H.R.H. the Princess, 291
Helm, heaume, helmet,
Holland arms, 219

Holland, Matilda de, 242
Holland, Thomas, K.G.,
159, 231, 296, 326
329
Hemp-brake, hackle, 159

Hen and chickens, 160
Henry Plantagenet
Henry
crown, 262
of Boling-
Holstein arms, 290
Holy Lamb, 161

Holy Sepulchre, Order
of,
161
motto, 322
IV. before his accession, a8i
badge,
Honour
point, i6i, 255
Hoofed,
89, 161
Hope
Henry
;
Henry
V., arms, aSi
crown, 263
badges,
VI., arms, 281

;
crown, 263
support-
badges, 306: motto, 323
VII., arms, 281
110, 161
Horse, 88, 161
Horseshoe, i6r
supporters, 318
badges, 307
Henry VIII,, arms, 281; supporters, 318;
badges, 307
arms, 154
Hopetoun arms, 154
Homed,
attributed supporters, 317
ers, 317
Henry
grants and augmentations,
99a
Horseman's
staff, 129,
349
Hospitallers, Knights, 374
Hound, 162
Howard
arms, T40; differenced, 259
lion, 81,
300
Herald, heralds, their duties, 346

Heralds, Kings-of-Arms, their crowns, 277
Herald's College, College of Arms, 343 arms
;
of,
sup-
Hooded, 161
supporters, 317
306
306
Honourable ordinaries, i6i
his great seals, 279
brokc, 237
400
Hollands, De, their cadency, 245
Home
the rolls of arms of his period, 79
IV.,
seals,
porter, 400
Heneage knot, j6o, 314

Henry I., arms, 179
Henry II., crown. 262 badges, 304
Henry III., arms, 279 crown, 262; badge,
Henry
362
Herrings, 96
Hazelrigg, 159
of,
See Bohun
Hazel-leaves, 159, 166
305
of.
Heron, 92 heron's head, 160

Heroye, William, 346
jesses, 159
Haynes arms, 36
modem,
and
Heron arms, 93
and
Hay-fork, 159
Hay arms, 143
Hedgehog,
oflficial
corporate, 361
Hauberk, 159
Heraldic terms, 99
land, T48
Howard, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, augmentation of his arms, 292
353
" Herald and Genealogist," reference
Howard, Catharine, Queen Consort of Eng-
to,
sax
Humctt:c, 162
Hungcrford badge,
310, 314
INDEX.
Hunting-horn, 119, 162
417
;;
INDEX.
4i8
Leaves, 166
Key, 165
Legged, membered, 166
Kingfisher, 92
crown, 277, 342

King's College Chapel, Cambridge, crcrwn
Kings-of-Arms, 165
Legion of Honour, 166

Legs, human, 166; of animals, 166
Leopard, the term applied
from, 263
to the lion
;
by
Kite, 90
early heralds, 79, 88, 167
Knight arms, 60
Leopard's face, 90
Knights, 165
Leslie,
Knighthood, 372
Knights of Orders, marshalling of their arms,
Leopold,
230, 231
Bartholomew, 322
H.R.H.
the Prince, 289
L'Estrange, Le Strange, arms, 79

Letters of the alphabet, 167
Leveson arms, 166

Lichfield, the Bishop and See
Knights of Malta, 164

Knots, 118, 165, 313
362
of,
Lieutenant, 167
Lily, 167
Label, 32, 165
cadency marked by, 235
Labels, early, 237
various forms, 237
dif-
Lines of partition,
Lion, Heraldry
ferenced, 238
Labels of Wales, of France, 241, 242, 256; of

Brittany, 237 of Warren, 239
;
Labels of Princes and Princesses, 289
82
Henry de, Earl of

Lacy knot, 165, 314
Lambeaux, 44, 235
passant, 79
Lincoln, 66
of,
coward,
tant guardant, 80
sejant guardant, 82
Lions, conventionally drawn, 84
Edmund,
first
Earl
of, 53,
of,
Lancaster, Sir Thomas, 259

Lancaster Herald, 160, 165, 343
Lion, demi, 86, 168
83
Lion leopard, 79
398
Henry, fourth Earl and

67
first
Lion's face, 86
jambe, 86
Lioncel, 83, 168
Lined, 168
Langued, 166
Lascelles, Roger de, 314
Latham, Lathom, 301
Lists, 168
Little Easlon, brass at, 73
Livery colours, 168, 256
240
Lizard, 168
240
Llandaff, the Bishop
arms, 83
Lobster, 168
Leash, x66
Lochaber axe, 168

Lodged, 87, 101, 168
Leather
Longcspie, William.
bottle, 166
paw,
counter-passant, 8a
Lisle, Viscount, 257
Ic,
I<aurel-leaves, x66
head, 86
Lindworm, 139
Ic,
of,
counter-rampant, 77, 81
Lance, 349
Lanert, 90
Langton, Bishop, rebus, 31 z
Latymer, Thomas
Latymer, William
87
Lions combatant, 8r
I..ancastcr rose, 165
I,auderdale, Earl
passant guardant, 79 ; passant

rampant, 77, 85 ; rampant
;
Lancaster, Henry, third Earl
Duke
82, 85
queue fourchee, 83
reguardant, 77 salient, 81, 85 sejant, 81,

85 sejant rampant, 82 statant, 80 sta-
Lampass^, 165
Lancaster,
double-tailed or
;
362
168
of, 76,
reguardant, 80
Lambrequin, 165
Laminated, 165
Lancaster,
of,
168
19,
Lion of England, 80
Lion of Scotland, 76, 84
Lion, couchant or dormant,
Labels' borne as charges, 241

Laci,
167
lily-pot,
Limbeck, 167
Lincoln, the Bishop and See
and See
of,
363
Set William
INDEX.
Longespee, label
of,
239
419
420
Monarch, 174
INDEX.
INDEX.
Opinicus, 177
Pascuant, 179
Passant, 79
Oppressed, 177
Or, 12, 177
Passant guardant, 79
Passion, emblems of the, 370
Orange, 35
Order
Order
Order
Order
Order
Order
of the Bath, 384

of the Garter, 374
of
St.
421
Pastoral
staff,
180
Paternal arms, 180
Patonce, 42
Patrick, 382
of the Star of India, 389

of the Thistle, 379
Patriarchal cross, 41
of the Victoria Cross, 391
Pattee fitchee, 42
Patrick, St., Order of, 180
Ordinaries and their diminutives, 20, 177
Pauldron, 180
Oreiller, 177
Paw, 180
Oriflamme, 112
Peacock, pawne, 94, 180
Orle, urle, 30, 170
Pean, 13
Ostrich, 93
Pea-rise, 180
Ostrich feather, 177, 293, 306, 308
Peari, 180
Otter, 89, 178
Pedigree.
Over
all,
" sur
Peel, 180
Overt, 178
Owl, 90, 3T1

Oxford, the Bishop and See
Oxford, Bishop
Pegasus, 180
of,
363
Chancellor of the Order of
of,
Oxford University arms, 363

of,
Pelham arms, 294

Pelican's head, i3i
Pelican in piety, 93, 180
the Garter, 378
Oxford, Earls
See Genealogy
Peer, 180; robes, 70
le tout," 178
Pellet, 35
Pembridge, Sir Richard, K.G., 145

Pembroke, Earl of, 83
arms, 353
Oxford, Queen's College,
seal, 398
Pendent, 181
Ox-yoke, 178
Penicuick, barony
of,
322
Penned, 181
Penner and inkhorn, 18 r
Pennon, pennoncelle,
Padlock, 178
Paignel,
Per bend,
John de, banner, 234
Per chevron, 18
Per cross, 17
Per fesse, 17
Per pale, 17
Per saltire, 17
Pakington, Sir John, crest, 88

Pale, 20, 178
Pale-wise, paleways, 178
Pall, 45, 178
Pallet, 22, 58
Palmer's
staff,
Perclose, 181
pilgrim's staff, 178
Percy lion, 8r, 300

Percy monument, 7, 54
Pahnerston, Viscount, arms, 231

Paly, 47
Paly bendy, 49
Panache,
179, 299
148, 181, 355
17, 181
Perforated, 181
;
panache
crest,
300
Perth, the Earl
of, 88,
271
Papal crown, 179
Peterborough, the Bishop and See

Pheon, 181 pheoned, 109
Partition lines, 19, 179
Philip "the
Parr, Catherine, Queen, 3
Philip II.,
Panther, heraldic, 179
Party, parted, 17, 179
Paschal lamb, 179
of, 108,
363
Good"
of Burgundy, 155
King of France, 252

Philippa of Halnhault, Queen Consort of
England, arms, 219,
232, 398
INDEX.
422
Prince of Wales, H.R.H., the.
Phoenix, i8i, 308
See Albert
Edward
Pierced, 182
See Wales
Piety, in her, 182
Princess of Wales.
Pike, 95, 182
Prmcesses, cadency, 289

Privy seal, 185
Pile. 33, 59
Pilgrim, 182
Proper, 89, 101, 185
Pily bendy, so, 182
Prussia, crown, 265
Placque, 70
Planche, Mr,, 216, 221, 252
Plantagenet, Geoffrey, of Anjou, 182
Pryck spur, 185

Pulham Church, 309
Punning arms and devices,
Plantagenet Princes, badges, 182
Purfled, 185
arms, 241
Planta genista, 182, 305
Purpure, 12
Plate, 34
Purse, 185
Playing-iables, 182
Pursuivants, 185, 342

Pyot, 185
Plentitude, 182
Plumes of feathers, 182, 300

Pods of beans, &c., 182
312, 352
Python, 185
Point, 182
Points of a label. 183
Quadrate,
Points of a shield, 8
rose, 307
Pomelled, 183
Pomfret, the Earl
See Canton
Quartered shields, 186
Quartering, examples of, 217, 225
Quartering bordure and tressure, 225
of, crest,
272
Pommd, 35
Pommê, 183
Quarterly, 17
18,
186
Quartrefoil, 186
3TO
Queen, H.M. the, 217; her crown, 264

royal achievement of her arms, 278
Queue, queue fourchê, 83, 186
Port, 183
Porter, family arms, 371
Portugal, Beatrice
of, seal, 392

Potent, 14, 184; potentde, 184
;
quarterly of eight, 18
Quarterly quartering, 227
Porcupine, 183
Pot, 183
Quarterly quartered,
Popinjay, 183
Portcullis, 183,
41, 186
Quarter, 186.
Pomegranate and
Quill, 186
Quilled. 187
pots, 184
Pouldron, 184
Quintain, 187
Powdered, poudrê, 44, 184

Powys, Powis, arms, 70
Quintefoil, 187
Precedence, the order of, 337

Preene, 184
Quiver of arrows, 187

;
of women, 340
Premier, 184
Rackpole beacon, 187

Radiated crown, 272
Prester John, 184, 362

Pretension, arms
of,
109
Radiant, 187
Pretence, shield of, 184, aas
Ragulê, raguly, 19
Preying, 89, 184
Rainbow, 187
Pride, in, 184
Ram,
Primate, 184
Prince Consort,
heraldic, 88, 89, 311, 319
Rampant,
Prince, 184; of Wales.
H.R.H.
Prince's Coronets, a66
J"*-/
Wales
Albert, the late, 284
Rampant
77, 187
sejant, Sa
Ramryge, Thomas, Abbot

bus, 311
of
St Albans,
re-
shields of arms, 88, 91, 137. 3^9
INDEX.
Ramsey
modem
arms, 88
cadency, 255 of Lancaster, 189,

of York, 189, 395 en soleil, 189 and
arrows, 308 and thistle, 308 on coffin of
Rapier, 187
Raping or
Raven,
423
305
rapin, 187
Queen
93, 187
Elizabeth, 303
noble (coin), 402
Rays, 187
Rayonnant, 45
Razee, 187
Rose
Rebated, 187
Rebus, 187, 310
Rouelle spur, 189
Rothes, the Earl, 322

Rothsay, the Duke of, 286
Rouge Croix Pursuivant, 189, 342

Rouge Dragon Pursuivant, 189, 342
Recercelee, 43, 123

Red hand, 188
Roundel, roundle,
Reed, 188
34, 190; for differencing,
253
Reflected, reflexed, ji8, 188
Rowel, 190
Regalia, 188
RespecUnt, respecting, i83
Royal cadency, 253

Royal consorts, 293 badge, 307
Royal eagle, 92
Royal Family, cadency of the present, 289
Ruby, 190
Rudder, 190
Rue, chaplet of, 190
Rest, 125, 188
Rustre, 32
Reguardant, loi
Reindeer, 188
Removed, 188
Renfrew, the Baron, 286
Reptiles, heraldic, g6
Retorted, 188
Reversed, 188
Riband, ribbon, 188, 321
Ribbon of the Garter, 378

383
of St. Patrick,
of the Star of India, 389
of the
Sagittarius, sagittary, centaur, 190, 305
Thistle, 381
Richmond, Margaret, Countess
of,
I.
St.
im-
puted supporters, 317

Richard II., before his accession, 239
Richard
III.
badges, 307
supporters, 89,
318
Richmond, the Duke
Richmond Herald,
Rings, mottoes
in,
of,
257
160, 342
323
Ripon, the Bishop and See
of, 108,
363
Rising, roussant, 94, 109
Rivers, the Earl
of,
258
Roach, 96
Rochester, the Bishop and See of, 363
Rochester Bridgewardens' arms, 119
Rochester city arms, 55

Rochester old clock, 294
Roll of Caerlaverock or Carlaverock, 234. 240
Rompu,
86
Rose of Heraldry, 188
sails of arms, 357

Alban, abbey church of, arms, 88; Heraldry
Sail, 190
261
arms, 279 badges, 305

Richard II., arms. 279 badges, 304, 306
Richard
Sable, 12
Sacre, saker, 90, 190
royal badge, 259, 309
of,
St.
271
Albans, "the boke"
of,
35
St Albans, the Duke of, 257

Sl Andrew cross, 190, 380
St. Asaph, the Bishop and See of, 108, 363
St. David's, the Bishop and See of, 363
St. George arms, 40
St.
George's ensign, 190
St.
John, early
seals, 395
St John, emblems of, 140

St John, Agnes de, 242
St Michael and St. George, 389
St Patrick, banner of, 359
St. Patrick, order, insignia, and officers, 3E2
St Paul, arms, 108

St Peter, 108
St Quintin arms, 212, 299
Saffron Walden arms, 352
Salamander, 190
424
Salient, 8i, lyi
INDEX.
INDEX.
Snake, 96
425
INDEX,
426
Trinity, Holy, 119, 370
Tercel, 90
and
Tergiant, 201
Triparted, 203
Templars, Knights, 374

Tenants, 2co
Triple plumes, 204
Teutonic Knights, Order

;
of,
Trononne, 204
201
badge of Scotland, 308
Order
Trout, 96
Trumpet, 204
of the, 379
Thomas a Becket, 151
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, 71

Thomas Plantagenet " of Woodstock," 54, 399
Thorpe, Sir E. de, 145
fretted, 40
Tripping, trippant, 87, loi

Triton, 204
Terri, John, 202
Thistle, 201
helm, 328
effigy,
67
Trumpingdon arms, 204

Trumpingdon, Sir Roger
de, 251, 326
Truncheon, 204
Trundle, 204
Threstle, 201
Trunked, 120
Thunderbolt, 201
Thurstan seal, 396
Trussed, trussing, 93
Tudors, cadency of the, 245 roses, 204
Tudor, Arthur, Prince of Wales, seal, 307
;
Tiara, 201
Tiger, 88
Tudor, Jaspar, K.G., 198

Tun, 204
Tilting helmet, 201, 327

Tilting spear, 201
Turret, 204
Tiercde, 201
Timbre, 201
Tinctures, 11, 12, 13
Tiptoft,
Toison
Lady,
70,
74
Turnpike, 204
turnstile, 204
Tusked, 205
Tyndal crests, 300
Tynes, 87
d'or, 201
Topaz, 201
Torch, 201
Torqued, 201
Ulster King-of-Arms, 205, 343
Torse, 201
Ulster badge, 313
Torteau, torteaux, 35, 242

Tortoise, 202
Umbrated, adumbrated, 205

Uncoupled, 135
Undee, undy, 19
Unguled, 205
Unicom, 205 supporters of Scotland and
Toumê, 202
Tournament, 203
Tower, 202 towered, 202
:
Trade-marks, 202
Tmnsfixed, transpierced, 202
England, 318
Transfluent, 119
Union device of Great

Union flag, 147, 355
Transmuted, 203
Transposed, 203
Upright, 205
Urchin, 205
Traversed, 203
Urdê. 43
Trcflê, 203
Uriant, 95
Trefoil, 203, 258

Trcilltf, trellise,
Usher of Black Rod,
Britain, 217
205, 379
203
Treasure, 30, 59, 139

Triangle, counter-triangle, 5*
Tricked, tricking, 203, 370
Vacha, Sir Richard de
Tricolour, 203
Vair. 13
Tricorporate, 82, 203
Valence, De, orle of martlets, 252 ; label, 239

Valence, Aymer dc, Earl of Pembroke, 64, 71
Trident, 203
la.
239
INDEX.
Valence, William de, his shield, 53,
427
INDEX,
428
Windsor, Dean
of,
Registrar of the Garter,
Wyvem,
2oy
379
Windsor Herald,
160, 342
Yarmouth, Great
See Great Yarmouth
Winged, 94
Wings, 208
Yoke, 143
York, arms of the See,
Winnow ing-fan, 209

Win ton rebus, 311
Wodestock. See Thomas
York, Edmond,
'
'
of
Woodstock
Wolf, 89
108, 362
Duke
of,
York Herald, 160, 343

York and Lancaster, wars
91
of,
127
badges
of,
30s
York, roses
Woolpack, 209
Woodville arms, 55
Wood
"
first
of,
209
Youghal, seals of the borough, 221
arms, 223
Worcester, the Bishops and See
Wreath, 209
Wreath
wreathed, 209
crest, 231
of,
363
Zouche,
De
la,
differenced shields, 248
Zule, 209
MORRISON ANU GIBB, PRINTERS, El/INBUROH.
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ACHIEVEMENT OF ARMS

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

^==ILBERT HENRY HEATHCOTE-DRUMMOND WILLOUGHBY,

TWENTY-FOURTH BARON WILLOUGHBY DB BRBSBY,

LONDON AND NEW YORK:

FREDERICK WARNE AND

MORRISON AND GIBB, PRINTERS, EDINBURGH

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

GILBERT HENRY HEATHCOTE-DRUMMOND WILLOUGIIBY

HEREDITARY LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN OF ENGLAND

BARON AVELAND AND A BARONET

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

Edition of " Heraldry

readers of the First

Ancient and Modern

they obtained their

taste for, or interest in, the

word spoken, a mere

are taught that a single

thrown into the

seeing that there

no rim against which

reverberates through space for ever,

ingenious speculation) that those

would hope (not as an

who have enjoyed

Heraldry may, each in turn, contribute in some measure to extend

ignorance and confusion which

ceases to violate, its

every person knows,

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

Heraldry has afforded me,

that there were so few of

have frequently regretted

immediate friends who

enjoyment, or who had any love for

charming and fascinating

pleasant hours which

and, in some instances, with

succeeded at home, I was induced to wish for an

extension of that appreciation abroad, and, to forward such wish,

During the progress of the book, an opportunity occurred of

and that portion most useful

to the student is herewith

by our best poets and

study almost a necessity.

and Tennyson cannot possibly be understood without a know-,

would express a hope that every student

from the graceful

Preface to Second Edition

Preface to First Edition

Origin of Armorial Devices

Periods Its Parts and

Representations of the Shield

the various Tinctures in uncoloured illustrations

Partition Lines. Methods of dividing a Shield into two or more parts

Honourable Ordinaries and their Diminutives. Chief,

by them on the Field

Form, and the space occupied

Canton, Gyron, Inescutcheon, Orle, Tressure, Lozenge,

Fusil, Frette, Flanch,

Masde, Rustre, Label,

Plate, Hurte, Torteau, Pomme, Golp, Pellet,

formed of four or more