PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

Pythagoras Theorem
a

Hypotenuse
- it is the side opposite to
the right angle

b
For any right-angled triangle, c is the length of the hypotenuse, a and b are the length of
the other 2 sides, then

c2 = a2+ b2

Historical
Background

Pythagoras Theorem

Pythagoras (~580-500 B.C.)

He was a Greek philosopher responsible for important developments in mathematics,
astronomy and the theory of music.

Proof of
Pythagoras Theorem

Consider a square PQRS with sides a + b

a

b
a

c
c
c

c
b

Now, the square is cut into

- 4 congruent right-angled triangles and
- 1 smaller square with sides c

a+b

b
c
a+b

c
a
S

Area of square ABCD

Area of square PQRS

= (a + b) 2

ab 2
= 4 + c
2

a 2 + 2ab + b 2

a2 + b2 = c2

2ab + c 2

c
a

Typical Examples

Example 1. Find the length of AC.

A

Hypotenuse

16

12

Solution :
AC2
AC2
AC2
AC

=
=
=
=

122 + 162 (Pythagoras Theorem)

144 + 256
400
20

Example 2. Find the length of QR.

P

24
R

Solution :

252 =
QR2 =
QR2 =
QR =

25

Hypotenuse

242 + QR2 (Pythagoras Theorem)

625 - 576
49
7

Further Questions

1. Find the value of a.

Solution:
a2 = 52 + 122 (Pythagoras Theorem)

a 52 12 2
169
13

12

2. Find the value of b .

6
Solution:
102 = 62 + b2 (Pythagoras Theorem)

b 102 62
64
8

10

3. Find the value of c .

Solution:
252 = 72 + c2 (Pythagoras Theorem)

c 252 7 2
576
24

25

4. Find the length of diagonal d .

Solution:
d2 = 102 + 242 (Pythagoras Theorem)

d 102 24 2
676
26

24

10

5. Find the length of e .

Solution:
852 = e2 + 842 (Pythagoras Theorem)
2

e 85 84
169
13

2
85

84

Contextual Pythagoras
Questions

Application of Pythagoras Theorem

A car travels 16 km from east to west. Then it turns left
and travels a further 12 km. Find the displacement
between the starting point and the destination point of
the car.
16km
N

12km
?

Solution :
In the figure,
AB = 16
BC = 12

16 km

12 km

C
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
AC2 = 162 + 122
AC2 = 400
AC = 20

The displacement between the starting point and the destination point of the car
is 20 km

Peter, who is 1.2 m tall, is flying a kite at a distance of 160 m from a tree.
He has released a string of 200 m long and the kite is vertically above the
tree. Find the height of the kite above the ground.

200 m
?

1.2 m

160 m

Solution :

In the figure, consider the

right-angled triangle ABC.
AB = 200
BC = 160

200 m
C

1.2 m

160 m
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
2002 = AC2 + 1602
AC2 = 14400
AC = 120

So, the height of the kite above the ground

= AC + Peters height
= 120 + 1.2
= 121.2 m

The height of a tree is 5 m. The distance between

the top of it and the tip of its shadow is 13 m.
Find the length of the shadow L.

Solution:
132 = 52 + L2 (Pythagoras Theorem)
L2 = 132 - 52
L2 = 144
L = 12

13 m

5m

Pop Quiz

Question 1
Find the length of the side denoted by
an unknown using Pythagoras Theorem
( correct to two decimal places if
necessary ).

Question 2
Calculate the length of x and y.

15

y
x

25 cm

24
7 cm

After 10 minutes...

Summary

Summary of
Pythagoras Theorem
For any right-angled triangle,

= a b

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO

OBJECTIVES
You will be taught to........

Understand and use the

concept of sine, cosine and
tangent of an acute angle in a
right-angled triangle

INTRODUCTION
-From combination of two Greek word,
trigonon (triangle) and metron (measure).

- a branch of mathematics that studies

triangles and the relationships between their
sides and the angles between these sides

TRIGONOMETRY
IN REAL WORLD
Why we study trigonometry ?????......
Do you want to know. Click this button
CLICK

RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE

- A triangle in which one angle is a
right angle (that is, a 90 degree angle)

IS THIS RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE ????.........

45

45

Excellence, your answer is

correct

Very good!!! Correct answer

HYPOTENUSE

The longest side of a rightangled triangle and the side

opposite the right angle (90)

OPPOSITE SIDE

OPPOSITE
SIDE
OPPOSITE SIDE

ADJACENT SIDE

ADJACENT SIDE

ADJACENT
SIDE

SINE

OPPOSITE
SIDE

ADJACENT SIDE

OppositeSide
Sin =
Hypotenuse

 The inverse trigonometric functions

(sin-1, cos-1, and tan-1) allow you to find
the measure of an angle in a right
triangle. All that you need to know are
any two sides as well as how to use
trigonometric functions.

COSINE

OPPOSITE
SIDE

ADJACENT SIDE

AdjacentSi de
Cos =
Hypotenuse

TANGENT

OPPOSITE
SIDE

ADJACENT SIDE

OppositeSide
Tan =
AdjacentSi de

CONCLUSION

OPPOSITE
SIDE

Sin =

OppositeSide
Hypotenuse

Cos =

AdjacentSi de
Hypotenuse

ADJACENT SIDE

Tan =

OppositeSide
AdjacentSi de

HOW TO REMEMBER
TIPS 1 : USE FRONT LETTER
O
H
A
C
H
O
T
A
S

SOH CAH - TOA

TIPS 2 : USING SONG

SOH CAH TOA SONG

SINE RULE
COSINE RULE
AREA OF TRIANGLE

THE SINE RULE WHEN FINDING A

SIDE

Working with non rightangle triangle

C
b

So, the sine rule;

Consider ABX

Consider BCX

Consider ABX

From (1) : h = b sin A

From (2) : h = a sin
B
So, b sin A = a sin

Examples
1. Find x, giving your answer
to 1 decimal place.
C
80 x

40

12

2. Find m, giving your answer to 1 decimal

10.8
place.
m
58

35

C
80 x

40

12

Examples
3. Find d, giving your answer in 2 decimal
places.
94
15

40

4. Find angle A and side c.

8.4

B 78
5.9

Application of Sine Rule (group

activity)
1.

John and Sam are holding ropes that a balloon. Johns is 4m

long and it makes 35 angle with the ground. Sams rope is
3.1m long. How far is the distance between them?
B
4

3.1
S

35

2. John and Sam could be standing quite close as per the

diagram below, instead of an apposite sides of the balloon.
B
3.1
S

4
35 J

Application of Sine Rule (group

activity)
3. Two wires help support a tall pole. One wire
forms an angle of 48 with the ground and
the other wire form an angle of 72 with the
ground. The wires are 20m apart. How tall is
the pole.
48
20m

72