Well Architecture

and Construction
Edi B. Setyobudi
2016

Adams, N.J., 1985, Drilling Engineering A

Complete Well Planning Approach chapters 5,
6, 7, 9, 11, 12
Baker, R., 2001, A Primer of Oilwell Drilling
chapters 10 & 12

Gatlin, C., 1960, Petroleum Engineering

Drilling and Well Completions chapter 10 & 15
Mitchell, R.F., 2006, Petroleum Engineering
Handbook Vol II Drilling Engineering
chapters 5, 7 & 9

Conductor
Keeps loose soil / sediments out of hole
Enable drilling fluid circulation and diverter
system
Usually driven into place

Surface Casing
Protects fresh water aquifers
Prevents loss circulation into weak permeable
zones
Supports the weight of all casing strings and a
place to set BOP

Intermediate Casing(s)
Separate normal, transition and over-pressure
zones
Isolate zones that cause problems (heaving,
sloughing shales)

Production Casing
Isolates pay zones
Protects production tubing

Liner
Casing string that does
not extend to surface
Hung onto
Intermediate Casing by
means of Liner Hangers

Tieback Liner
A section of casing
extending from top
of liner to the
surface

Liner

Tieback Liner

Pressure

Temperature

Bit size selection

should give enough
clearance for
Bottom Hole
Assembly (BHA) to
go through inner
diameter (ID) of the
casing and coupling

Roller-Cone Bit
Tungsteen
Carbide Insert
(TCI)
Milled-Tooth
Poly-crystalline
Diamond Compact
(PDC)
PDC

TCI
Milled-Tooth
Roller-Cone

Special bit for taking core

Combined with core
barrels (~30) or double
barrels (~60) to take
longer core samples

A geologist laid down

core samples, oriented,
marked and labeled

International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC)

Roller-Cone Bits
PDC & Diamond Bits
Four (4) characters 3 numeric and
1 alphabetic
1. Series: 1 to 3 milled-tooth 4 to 8
insert type where higher
numbers for hard & abrasive
rocks
2. Type: 1 to 4 degree of
formation hardness
3. Bearing Design & Gauge
Protection: 1 to 7
4. Additional Features: A to Z total
16 features (a few characters
skipped)

Four (4) characters 1 alphabetic

and 3 numerical
1. Material: S steel, M matrix,
D - diamond
2. Formation Type: 1 to 8 degree
of formation hardness
3. Drill Bit Structure: 1 to 4
4. Bit Profile: 1 to 4

Bit Size
17-1/2

12-1/4
8-1/2

20 Conductor
13-3/8 Surface Casing
9-5/8 Intermediate Casing

5-1/2 Production Casing

Structural casings are
cemented prior to further
operation

Size: ranges 4.5 36 Outer Diameter (OD)

Length: R1: 16 25, R2: 25 34, R3: > 34
Grade: Examples: H-40, J-55, K-55, N-80, L-80, C90, C-95, P-110, Q-125
The letter refers to the chemical composition of the
material and the number refers to the minimum yield
strength of the material e.g. N-80 casing has a minimum
yield strength of 80,000 psi

Connections / joints:
Short thread connection (STC)
Long thread connection (LTC)
Buttress thread connection (BTC)

Depth
(m)

Hole
Size

Mud Weight
(lbs/cft) / ppg

150

26

66 67 / 8.8 8.9

20 x 94 PPF x K-55 x BTC

0 - 150

1500

17-1/2

66 67 / 8.8 8.9

13-3/8 x 68 PPF x N-80 x BTC

0 - 1500

9-5/8 x 47 PPF x P-110 x BTC

0 - 240

9-5/8 x 47 PPF x N-80 x BTC

240 - 2610

9-5/8 x 47 PPF x P-110 x BTC

2610 - 3500

5-1/2 x 20 PPF x P-110 x BTC

0 - 530

3500

4380

12-1/4

8-1/2

67 70 / 8.9 9.36

Casing Type / Grade

70 81 / 9.36 10.83 5-1/2 x 20 PPF x N-80 x BTC

5-1/2 x 20 PPF x P-110 x BTC

Range (m)

530 - 4270
4270 - 4380

Note: combination of different casing grades may be run to minimize costs

Isolate gas, oil and water zones

prevent crossflow

Preventing blowouts by quickly

forming seals
Sealing off lost circulation or problem
zones
Pipe support and protection:
Protect casings from shock loads
Prevent corrosion caused by acid gases

Pressure control

Formation Temperature:
BHCT Circulating Temperature - affects thickening time
BHST Static Temperature
Differential top and bottom cement placement

Formation Pressures
Pore Pressure
Fracture Pressure

Wellbore volume
Others:
Sloughing shales / swelling clays
Corrosive gas
Fracture zones

Class

Depth-ft

Notes

0 - 6000

0 - 6000

Moderate high sulfate resistance

0 - 6000

High early-strength

6000 - 10000 High temperature and pressure

10000 - 14000 High temperature and pressure

10000 - 16000 Extremely high temperature and pressure

0 - 8000

General purpose - fine

0 - 8000

General purpose - course

12000 - 16000 Extremely high pressure and temperature

Used to change the properties of cement slurries

Accelerators
Shorten thickening time

Retarders
Delay thickening time

Fluid Loss Additives

Friction Reducer
Defoamer

Primary Cementing is
outmost importance since
remedial cementing is more
difficult and less chance of
success
After enough time for
Waiting On Cement (WOC)
Pressure Tested
Cement Bond Log a sonic
and density logs to
qualitatively identify poor
cementing zones

After set & cemented

production casing:

Flush drilling mud

using completion
fluid
Perforate target
zone(s)

Set tubing and

packers
N/U X-mas Tree

Casing Gun

Through Tubing
Gun

Tubing Conveyed
Gun

Acidizing
Carbonate reservoirs injecting acid (HCl) into
reservoir to create channels for fluid flow

Fracturing
Injecting fluid using high pressure pump to break
the rock then insert proppant to retain the fractures
open