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Table of Contents
ANSYS ASAS BEAMST ................................................................................................................................. 1
Facilities in BEAMST ................................................................................................................................ 2
Selection of Members and Joints ...................................................................................................... 2
Section Properties for BEAMST .......................................................................................................... 2
Beam Local Axes Considerations ....................................................................................................... 3
Section Orientation .......................................................................................................................... 3
Member Stress Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 3
Loadcase Combinations, Orientation and Classification ..................................................................... 4
Code Checking in BEAMST ................................................................................................................ 4
Saving Results for Graphical Display .................................................................................................. 5
BEAMST Command Reference ................................................................................................................. 5
BEAMST Command Structures .......................................................................................................... 5
BEAMST Command Syntax .......................................................................................................... 5
BEAMST Command Data Types ................................................................................................... 6
BEAMST Command Special Symbols ........................................................................................... 7
BEAMST NOT Command Modifier ................................................................................................ 8
BEAMST Command Sets ................................................................................................................... 8
BEAMST Priority of Data Assignments .............................................................................................. 10
ABNO ............................................................................................................................................. 11
AISC ............................................................................................................................................... 12
ANSYS ............................................................................................................................................ 13
API ................................................................................................................................................. 14
BRIG ............................................................................................................................................... 16
BS59 ............................................................................................................................................... 16
CASE .............................................................................................................................................. 16
CB .................................................................................................................................................. 17
CHOR ............................................................................................................................................. 18
CMBV ............................................................................................................................................. 19
CMY/CMZ ....................................................................................................................................... 20
COMB ............................................................................................................................................. 20
COMPONENT .................................................................................................................................. 21
COOR ............................................................................................................................................. 22
DENT .............................................................................................................................................. 22
DESI ............................................................................................................................................... 23
DS449 ............................................................................................................................................ 25
EFFE ............................................................................................................................................... 26
ELEM .............................................................................................................................................. 26
ELEV ............................................................................................................................................... 27
END ................................................................................................................................................ 27
EXTR .............................................................................................................................................. 28
FILES .............................................................................................................................................. 28
FORC .............................................................................................................................................. 29
GAPD ............................................................................................................................................. 30
GRAV .............................................................................................................................................. 30
GROU ............................................................................................................................................. 31
HYDR ............................................................................................................................................. 31
ISO ................................................................................................................................................. 32
JOB ................................................................................................................................................ 32
JOIN ............................................................................................................................................... 33
LIBR ................................................................................................................................................ 34
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Post-processing alone
The Post-processing facility allows individual members to be selected for further processing. This includes
the formation of factored and combined loadcases, calculation of forces and stresses at intermediate points
along the member and presentation of results on an element by element basis.
The code checking facilities include all the functionality of the standard post-processing together with extensive code checking procedures for the following engineering codes of practice:
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. Allowable
Stress Design and Plastic Design.
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings.
American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing
Fixed Offshore Platforms - Working Stress Design, RP2A-WSD.
American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing
Fixed Offshore Platforms - Load and Resistance Factor Design, RP2A-LRFD.
Danish Regulations for Pile Supported Offshore Steel Structures (DOR), comprising:
Dansk Ingenirforenings Code of Practice for Pile Supported Offshore Steel Structures, DS449.
Dansk Ingenirforenings Code of Practice for the Structural use of Steel, DS412.
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), Acts, regulations and provisions for the petroleum activity.
International Standard ISO 19902: Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Fixed Steel Offshore Structures.
The program has been designed to facilitate the incorporation of other codes of practice and report formats.
The stand-alone facility includes all the above functionality together with additional input commands to allow
member geometry and results to be entered from sources other than the standard ASAS database. This enables
the comprehensive facilities of BEAMST to be used either in a design context or to process results from
other analysis systems.
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Facilities in BEAMST
Selection of Members and Joints
BEAMST allows selective processing of individual members and joints. This allows successive runs of BEAMST
to target problem areas, printing more detailed check data and examining the effect of local changes in
section dimensions.
The elements to be processed may be selected by reference to individual user element numbers using the
ELEM command or by groups of elements using the GROU command. These commands may be used together
or individually to build up a complete set of elements to be processed. Elements may also be removed from
a previously defined set by using a NOT ELEM command. Used on its own the NOT ELEM command invokes
all the elements except those listed.
Joints are referenced by the number of the node or, in the case of API WSD JOIN and ISO JOIN, a maximum
of 3 nodes forming the joint. The elements attached to each node are assumed to be the members forming
the joint. It is possible to define which of these are chord and brace members and any elements not to be
considered as part of the joint. The joints to be processed are selected using the JOIN command to specify
the nodes included for joint checks in a similar fashion to the ELEM command above.
If sections have been utilised in the ASAS analysis, either directly or from an external section library,
the dimensions will be automatically accessed by BEAMST. No further input is necessary (except to
define the library name, if appropriate).
2.
If sections were not used in the ASAS analysis, or if it is required to modify those specified for the
structural definition, a DESI command is necessary. Note that changing the section may alter the section
stiffness to a degreee where the analysis results become invalid. In such a case, a full re-analysis should
be performed, using the updated sections.
Section types CHAN, TEE and ANG are only available for force and stress post-processing. No facility as yet
exists for code checking these section profiles.
The conventions used for choosing which properties are used in the computations are as follows:
a.
All section areas (Ax, Ay, Az) and inertias (Ix, Iy, Iz) (geometric properties) available from the preceding
ASAS analysis are chosen initially. All quantities not available default to zero.
b.
If sections have been utilised in the ASAS analysis, section dimensions (d, b, tw, etc.) specified are
chosen initially. In the case of a TUBE element section dimensions default to those from ASAS. Any
non TUBE elements not assigned to sections will require DESI commands.
c.
All section dimensions (d, b, tw, etc.) assigned using DESI commands in BEAMST override the respective
values adopted in (b) above if appropriate. Beam extreme fibre distances are based on these settings.
Flexural properties associated with DESI information will also override the respective values adopted
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Any section area or inertia not available from the preceding ASAS run is calculated according to the
section type as described in Section Descriptions (p. 389) of this manual.
The local X axis for all beam types is along the beam neutral axis from end1 towards end2. Thus the
moments of inertia are about the local Y and Z axes.
2.
For the BEAM element the direction of the local Y and Z axes is predefined according to the orientation
of the element itself as follows:
Local Z always lies in the global XY plane with local Y positive on the positive side of the global XY
plane. If the local Y is also in the global XY plane (ie the element is parallel to the global Z axis) then
the local Y lies in the global Y direction.
3.
For the BM3D and TUBE elements the direction of the local Y and Z axes may be defined explicitly in
the ASAS geometric data for the element.
The default axes definition of the BEAM element means its use with BEAMST should be restricted to models
with the global Z vertically upwards and to the following cases:
a.
A horizontal member with the section depth (d) (local Y axis) vertical.
b.
A vertical member with the section depth (d) (local Y axis) in the global Y direction.
c.
A sloping member with the section width (b) (local Z axis) horizontal.
For all other cases BM3D and TUBE element types should be used. A TUBE element may only be used to
model tubular elements.
Section Orientation
As a general rule the section depth (d) is parallel to the elements local Y direction and the section width
(b) to the elements local Z direction.
For BOX, RHS and PRI the section depth (d) is always the larger dimension and the section width (b) the
smaller. For I sections, Izz should be the strong axis inertia and Iyy the weak axis inertia. BEAMST will then
assume that the web is in the local XY plane. The resulting BEAMST Izz will then equate to the Ixx values as
listed in standard section tables (and the BEAMST Iyy equates to the Iyy values).
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A more detailed description of the plot files is given in Graphical Display of BEAMST Results (p. 400).
Within each command line, each horizontal branch represents a possible input instruction. Input instructions
are composed of keywords (shown in UPPER-CASE characters), numerical values or alphanumerics (shown
in lower-case characters) and special symbols (see BEAMST Command Data Types (p. 6) and BEAMST Command
Special Symbols (p. 7)). Each item in the list is separated from each other by a comma or one or more blank
spaces.
Only the first four characters of a command are interpreted. Thus the following commands will produce the
same results.
EFFE 2.0 ELEM ALL
EFFECTIVE_LENGTH 2.0 ELEM ALL
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Optional data items are indicated by an arrow which bypasses the item(s):
Alternatively, where optional items are part of a list of values they may be represented by enclosing brackets:
Where one or more possible alternative items may appear in the line, these are shown by separate branches
for each. These branches may rejoin further along the command if appropriate:
Where the integer list represents all items from an existing list (for example, choosing all groups
for processing) the list may be replaced by the word ALL. For example:
GROU ALL generates all possible groups.
ii.
b.
A sequence of integers may be generated by giving the first and last values separated by the
keyword TO. For example 5 TO 8 generates the numbers 5,6,7 and 8.
Real Number
If a real number is required the decimal point may be omitted if the value is a whole number. Exponent
formats may be utilised when real numbers are required. For example
0.004 4.0E-3 4.0D-3 are equivalent
similarly, 410.0 410 4.10E2 have the same value.
c.
Alphanumeric
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An asterisk is used to define the beginning of a comment, whatever follows on the line
will not be interpreted. It may appear anywhere on the line, any preceding data will be
processed as normal. For example:
* THIS IS A COMMENT FOR THE WHOLE LINE
CASE 4 2.7 * THIS IS A COMMENT FOR PART OF A LINE
A comma or one or more consecutive blanks will act as a delimiter between items in the
line.
For example 5, 10, 15 is the same as 5 10 15
Note that two commas together signify that an item has been omitted. This may be
permissible for certain data blocks.
For example: 5,, 15 is the same as 5 0 15
Unless otherwise stated in the section describing the data block, omitted numerical
values are zero.
A colon at the start of the line signifies that the line is a continuation from the previous
line.
For example
5
: 10 is the same as 5 10 15
: 15
A command @filename may appear anywhere in a data file. When such a command is
encountered, the input of data switches to the file filename and data continues to be
read from that file until either the end-of-file is reached or an @ command is encountered
in the secondary file.
When the end of the secondary file is reached, that file is closed and input switches
back to the previous data file. If, however, an @ command is found in the secondary
file, input switches to yet another file. This process can continue until a maximum
of 5 secondary files are open simultaneously.
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The header command for each command set consists of a keyword defining the design code, a second
keyword (or sub-header) defining the particular requirements from the code and in some instances further
keywords defining editions, amendments and check classes.
The preliminary data is the first block of the BEAMST data. It defines the memory size to be used, the project
name, structure and component names, file names and options to be used. It also defines which files are to
be saved for further processing.
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The preliminary data must contain at least a JOB, STRUCTURE and END command. Other commands should
be used as appropriate.
The BEAMST command sets are summarised in the table below. The commands relevant to each command
set are summarised in the tables that follow, the reference for each is also given in the table below.
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ABNO
if
if
if
if
if
none
none
none
none
none
use step data assigned to the property integer used by the element (PROP or MATE)
use element data assigned to individual elements (ELEM)
use element data assigned to the group the element belongs to (GROU)
use element data assigned to the property integer used by the element (PROP or MATE)
no step data assigned to element.
Element and step data assignment is not order dependant. This is demonstrated by the following example:
COMMand
COMMand
COMMand
COMMand
.... data1
.... data2
.... data3
.... data4
ELEM 1
GROU 5
ELEM 2
PROP 1
.... data1
.... data2
.... data3
.... data4
STEP 2 GROU 5
STEP 2 PROP 1
ELEM 1
STEP 2 ELEM 2
Step 2 of element 1 has data1 assigned because the group assignment overrides the property assignment.
In this instance the step specific group assignment also overrides the element assignment which is not step
specific.
Step 2 of element 2 has data4 assigned.
Step 2 of all other elements in group 5 have data1 assigned.
Step 2 of all elements with property integer 1, except those in group 5, have data2 assigned.
All steps, except step 2, of element 1 have data3 assigned.
No data is assigned to any steps, other than step 2, for any elements other than element 1.
ABNO
The ABNORMAL command is used to specify which basic and/or combined loadcases are to utilise improved
resistance factors for structures subjected to abnormal loading conditions, typically those required for progressive collapse analyses.
Parameters
ABNO : Keyword.
load list : List of basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers (Integer).
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All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined, no shorthand syntax is permissible.
2.
For loadcases defined as abnormal, all resistance factors utilised will be set to unity. The resistance
factors, and their default values are given below:
Factor
Default Value
0.85
0.95
0.80
0.95
0.95
0.95*
0.95
* The connection resistance factor depends upon the joint type and load component being considered. The
value of 0.95 is used for all variants except axial tension for T, Y and X joints, where a value of 0.90 is utilised.
Examples
ABNO 2 4
AISC
The AISC header command selects stress checks to the AISC design specifications (Ref. 1 and Ref. 23).
Parameters
AISC : Keyword.
WSD : Selects working stress design methods.
LRFD : Selects limiting resistance and factored load design methods.
edition : Selects the edition of AISC - valid keywords are:
Usage
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ANSYS
Compulsory for all AISC checks. Must be the first command within the command data block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the AISC command data block is given in the AISC Theory section.
2.
In the absence of any sub-commands, this command defaults to AISC WSD ALLO .
3.
In the absence of the edition sub-command AISC ALLO will default to the 8th edition. AISC ED9 ALLO
is required to invoke the 9th edition.
ANSYS
This command defines the name of the ANSYS job from which the analysis results will be obtained. The
command is mandatory if BEAMST is to be performed following an ANSYS analysis and must be omitted
otherwise.
The ANSYS command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
ANSYS : Keyword.
FNAME : Keyword to denote that the job names are specified in a job name list file (Optional).
Jobname : (i) without FNAME job name of the ANSYS model to be processed. This is the name associated
with the .RST file generated by ANSYS (Alphanumeric, up to 32 characters).
(ii) with FNAME name of file containing paths and names of ANSYS jobs to be included in the analysis
together.
youngs : Young's Modulus (Optional, Real).
density : Material density (Optional, Real).
Notes
1.
BEAMST will only process certain ANSYS beam element types in an ANSYS model. Valid element names
are:
BEAM44, BEAM188*, BEAM189*, PIPE16, PIPE59*, PIPE288*, PIPE289*
Elements marked with * must be meshed within ANSYS (i.e many elements to one member). The
UNBR command should be used to define the unbraced length, otherwise incorrect results will be
obtained.
2.
If section data is required from the ANSYS analysis, it can be created using the asecttoasas command
macro. The format for BEAMST is:
asecttoasas,<filename>,1
Provided that the section data is written to the default filename (i.e Jobname_Desi.txt), the section
information will be automatically incorporated in the BEAMST analysis. In this case, care should be
taken not to rename this file or modify its contents. If the section data files does not exist, then any
section information required by BEAMST will need to be defined using the DESI commands.
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If youngs is omitted, the Youngs modulus of steel will be assumed, i.e. youngs = 2.1E11. If youngs
is specified, it is assumed that the value is consistent with the units adopted in the ANSYS analysis.
4.
If density is omitted, the density of steel will be assumed, i.e. density = 7850. If density is specified,
it is assumed that the value is consistent with the units adopted in the ANSYS analysis.
5.
The job name list file specified after keyword FNAME consists of a number of data lines that define
the ANSYS results sets (i.e. load cases) to be analysed by BEAMST. The format of each data line is described as follows:
FullPathName (LCAnsys) (LCAsas)
where
FullPathName is the name of the .RST file including path if necessary. If no path is specified, it is assumed that the .RST file is located in the same directory as the BEAMST data file. If the specified string
contains any embedded space, then the whole string must be bounded by double quotes ().
LCAnsys is the system result set number in the .RST file where results will be considered in BEAMST.
If it is zero or not specified, all result sets in the .RST file will be transferred to BEAMST.
LCAsas is the ASAS user load case number for this ANSYS result set in BEAMST. If it is zero or not
specified, it will be set as the last assigned BEAMST user load case number + 1. If more than one ANSYS
result sets are implied in the command (i.e. LCAnsys = 0), LCAsas defines the user load case number
of the first
6.
If the ANSYS job name is specified directly (i.e. without FNAME), all the ANSYS results sets in the .RST
file will be transferred to BEAMST with user load case numbers ranging from 1 to the number of result
sets.
7.
If the BEAMST load cases care are obtained from multiple ANSYS analyses, user must ensure that all
the models are consistent as no cross checks will be carried out by BEAMST.
Examples
1.
The ANSYS analysis is a single job called ANSYSJOB. All the load cases in this job will be analysed in
BEAMST.
ANSYS ANSYSJOB
2.
The ANSYS analysis information is contained in a job name file called Ansysfile.txt, which references
three ANSYS jobs called Ansysjob1, Ansysjob2 and Ansysjob3 located in different directories. The first
load case (results set) in each of these 3 jobs will become load cases 10, 20 and 30 in BEAMST.
ANSYS FNAME Ansysfile.txt
The contents of file Ansysfile.txt are:
C:\AnsysAnalysis\Job1\Ansysjob1 1 10
C:\AnsysAnalysis\Job2\Ansysjob2 1 20
C:\AnsysAnalysis\Job3\Ansysjob3 1 30
API
The API command selects stress checks to the API design recommendations.
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API
Parameters
API : Keyword.
WSD : Selects working stress design methods.
LRFD : Selects limiting resistance and factored load design methods.
edition : Selects the edition of API - valid keywords are:
Usage
Compulsory for all API checks. Must be the first command within the command data block.
Notes
1.
When BEAMST is run in stand alone mode, the program can be used for member checks only and so
commands NOMI, PUNC and JOIN are not allowed.
2.
A list of all commands applicable to the API Command data block is given in the API Theory section.
3.
4.
The edition of API must be specified using one of the valid keywords listed above.
5.
If the sub-command defining the check type is omitted ( MEMB, ALLO etc) the check defaults to
ALLO for WSD, and MEMB for LRFD.
6.
ALLO checks tubular members to API WSD recommendations and non-tubular members to AISC as
referred to in the API recommendations (See the BEAMST API Theory section ).
7.
MEMB, HYDR, JOIN, NOMI and PUNC check tubular members only to API recommendations.
NOMI/PUNC options are not valid for the API WSD ED21; JOIN should be used instead. The JOIN option
is not valid for editions prior to ED21.
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BRIG
The BRIG command selects whether rigorous buoyancy should or should not be used in the hydrostatic
member checks.
Parameters
BRIG : Keyword.
ON : Selects rigorous buoyancy for this command deck.
OFF : De-selects buoyancy for this command deck.
Usage
Optional. If omitted all hydrostatic code checks will NOT consider the effects of rigorous buoyancy.
Notes
1.
If on the preceding ASAS-WAVE analysis BRIG was present on the options data line then a BRIG
command should be included in the BEAMST data.
2.
BRIG alone or BRIG ON has the same effect as BRIG being specified in the BEAMST options data.
BS59
The BS59 command selects ultimate limit state checks to BS5950 (Ref. 4).
Parameters
BS59 : Keyword.
MEMB : Selects member stress checks to BS5950.
Usage
Compulsory for all BS5950 checks. This must be the first command within the BS59 Command data block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the BS59 Command data block is given in the BS5950 Theory
section.
2.
CASE
The CASE command is used to specify which basic loadcases from the previous ASAS, ASAS(NL), RESPONSE
or LOCO analysis are to be reported.
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CB
Parameters
CASE : Keyword
integer list : List of basic loadcases to be reported (Integer)
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks. At least one CASE, CMBV or COMB command must be present in
each command data block.
Notes
1.
All basic (CASE) loadcase numbers and all combined ( COMB and CMBV ) loadcase numbers selected
for reporting must be unique.
2.
The load case numbers for an ASAS(NL) analysis are the increment numbers.
Examples
CASE 1 3 5
CASE ALL
CB
The CB command specifies a default value of the pure bending coefficient, Cb to be used for selected elements.
Parameters
CB : Keyword.
value : Pure bending coefficient (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element list follows.
integer list : List of basic loadcases to be reported (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to AISC/API ALLO Command data blocks only.
Notes
1.
If omitted the program will calculate a Cb value based on the acting force distribution on each element.
See the BEAMST AISC Theory section.
Examples
CB 1.0 ELEM 5 77 TO 100 742
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CHOR
The CHOR command is used to define the chord member(s) at a node and optional chord parameters.
Parameters
CHOR : Keyword.
node : Node number (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element list follows.
member1 : User element number(s) defining chord member(s) (Integer).
member2 : User element number(s) defining chord member(s) (Integer).
EFFE : Keyword to denote chord parameters follows.
thick : Chord nominal thickness away from the joint (Real).
length : Chord effective length (Real).
LTOD : Keyword to denote length to diameter ratio follows.
ratio : Maximum chord length between nodes to be used when forming a multi-noded joint; given as
ratio of length over diameter (Real).
Usage
Optional for tubular joint punching shear and nominal load joint checks. The chord parameters are currently
ONLY used by the API LRFD nominal load joint check and the API WSD JOIN check.
Notes
1.
For single noded joints the node number is the same as the joint number, for multiple noded joints
the CHOR command can be used for one or more nodes forming the joints.
2.
In the absence of any CHOR command(s) pertaining to a node, the chord will be identified as that
member at the joint with the greatest diameter. If several members have the same diameter, BEAMST
will check their wall thickness and choose the most appropriate member for API WSD JOIN checks.
The member length will also be considered as nodes within the ratio specified, this defaults to 0.25
(D/4) and the chords will be connected to form a multi-noded joint.
3.
In the API LRFD nominal load joint check, cross joints should be checked for chord crushing if the
chord is reinforced only by a can having increased thickness local to the joint. To undertake this check
an effective chord length and nominal thickness must be provided using this command.
4.
In the API WSD JOIN check clause 4.3.5 for thickened cans will only be invoked if chord parameters
are provided.
Examples
CHORD
CHORD
CHORD
CHORD
18
16
16
16
16
122
120 122
ELEM 122
EFFE 20.0 1500.0
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CMBV
CMBV
The CMBV command is used to select a new combined loadcase to be reported and to specify the loadcase
numbers and factors to be combined into the new loadcase. It differs from the COMB command in that
the combination may be carried out in several different ways. Combinations which include other combinations
are permissible.
Parameters
CMBV : Keyword.
ctype : Describes the combination method (see Note 2).
newcase : Combined loadcase number (Integer).
factor : Multiplicative factor to be applied to case (Real).
case : User loadcase number, either a basic loadcase or another combination loadcase number (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks. At least one CASE , CMBV or COMB command must be present in
each command data block.
Notes
1.
All basic ( CASE ) loadcase numbers and all combined (CMBV and COMB ) loadcase numbers selected
for reporting must be unique.
2.
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19
For combinations other than SSUM care must be exercised in the processing of these results because
they do not necessarily represent a consistent set of fixed end forces and distributed loads.
4.
Examples
CMBV SSUM 10 1.5 14 2.0 101
CMBV ABSS 303 1.4 6 1.6 7
CMY/CMZ
The CMY/CMZ command specifies the amplification reduction factors Cmy and Cmz to be used in the AISC/API
member combined stress buckle unity check.
Parameters
CMY/CMZ : Keyword.
value : Cmy or Cmz value (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element list follows.
integer list : List of basic loadcases to be reported (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to AISC ALLO and API ALLO command data blocks only.
Notes
1.
If omitted the program will calculate Cmy and Cmz values appropriate to each element based on the
acting force distribution. See the AISC LRFD Theory section.
Examples
CMY 0.85 ELEM 5 77 TO 742
CMZ 0.40 ELEM 973
COMB
The COMB command is used to select a new combined loadcase to be reported and to specify the loadcase
numbers and factors to be combined into the new loadcase. Combinations which include other combinations
are permissible.
Parameters
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COMPONENT
COMB : Keyword.
factor : Multiplicative factor to be applied to case (Real).
case : User loadcase number, either a basic loadcase or another combination loadcase number (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks. At least one CASE , CMBV or COMB command must be present in
each command data block.
Notes
1.
All basic ( CASE ) loadcases and all combined ( CMBV and COMB) loadcase numbers selected for reporting must be unique.
2.
Examples
COMBINE 16 0.9 14 1.2 3050
COMB 303 1.4 6 1.6 7
COMPONENT
The COMP command is used to define the recovered component from a substructure analysis for which the
results are to be processed in this run.
The COMP command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
COMP : Keyword.
sname : Structure name identifying which existing structure is to be accessed from the current project,
see the PROJ command (Alphanumeric, 4 characters, the first character must be alphabetic).
tree : This is the path down the component tree from the given structure in sname to the component
which is being used for the BEAMST processing.
Usage
Valid only, and compulsory, for recovered components.
Notes
1.
If the user is processing the global structure run in a substructure analysis, use only the STRU command.
2.
The component referred to by tree on this command must have been recovered by an ASAS stress
recovery run. The ASAS run must have contained a SAVE LOCO FILES command.
Examples
To process the second level component CMP2, part of assembled component CMP1, which in turn is
part of structure STRU.
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COOR
The COOR command is used to define the nodal coordinates, as printed in the member properties report.
The COOR command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
COOR : Keyword.
node : Node number (Integer).
x : X-coordinate of the node.
y : Y-coordinate of the node.
z : Z-coordinate of the node.
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks in stand alone mode.
Notes
1.
If the end coordinates for an element are not defined then the element will be assumed to lie along
the positive x-axis with node 1 at the origin.
2.
No checks are carried out to ensure that specified coordinate data is consistent with member lengths
specified on TOPO data lines. It is essential that the user ensures that specified coordinate positions
are consistent with lengths defined in the TOPO data block.
Examples
COOR 1 10. 20. 30.
COOR 2 40. 50. 60.
DENT
The DENT command specifies the dent depth and out-of-straightness for selected elements.
Parameters
DENT : Keyword.
daxis : Keyword defining dent axis. Valid keywords are:
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DESI
Usage
Optional - applicable to ISO MEMB Command data blocks only.
Examples
DENT YPOS 0.2 0.0 ELEM 3
The cross-sectional shape of element 3 will look like:
DESI
The DESI command enables section information from the structural analysis to be overridden to account
for design requirements. The analyst should note that making large changes to section properties will cause
modifications to the element stiffness which will invalidate the results of the analysis. It is recommended
that upon obtaining a satisfactory section, a full re-analysis is performed. Geometric section properties will
be calculated for all section types (except PRI). A section name may be specified instead of providing explicit
section dimensions. The section name may be one already specified in the ASAS analysis, exist in an external
library file, or may be defined using a PROF command.
Parameters
DESI : Keyword.
type : Alphanumeric keyword specifying the section type for this list of elements, groups or geometric
properties. Section types currently available are:
TUB - Tube
23
Usage
Optional for command data selecting TUBE elements or when sections have been specified in the ASAS
analysis, otherwise compulsory for all other available section types.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
4.
See the introduction to the Command Reference section for details on the priority of assigning data.
5.
If sections have been specified in the ASAS analysis any values not defined will default to those available
from the structural database. If sections were not utilised in the ASAS analysis, no defaults exist.
6.
The channel, angle tee and non-symmetric fbi and box sections are only available for stress calculations
using the POST command set. No code checking is currently possible on these section types.
7.
If a section is referenced using PROF, the section definition will be searched for in the following order:
In a PROF command within the current data file.
In the ASAS structural database for this analysis.
In a specified external section library.
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DS449
8.
Examples
DESI FBI 1.4 O.9 O.O2 O.O15 PROP 427
DESI BOX 1.2 0.8 0.02 0.02 ELEM 20 TO 26
DESI PROF W12x8 STEP 2 ELEM 147262
DESI RHS 1.2 0.8 0.025 END1 ELEM 100 101 104
DESI WF 1.3 0.8 0.015 0.012 GYRA 0.18 0.55 0.21 GROU 20
DESI TUB 1.0 0.1 ELEM 500
DS449
The DS449 (or DS44) command requests ultimate limit state strength checks to the Danish Standards DS449
(Ref. 9) and DS412 (Ref. 10) for tubular members.
When BEAMST is run in stand alone mode, the program can be used for member checks only and so
command JOIN is not allowed.
Parameters
DS449 : Keyword.
MEMB : Keyword to select member ultimate limits state checks.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint ultimate limit state checks.
HIGH : Keyword to specify the high safety class.
NORM : Keyword to specify the normal safety class.
AO, A, B, C, D : Keywords to select the curve type from the DS412 column buckling curves.
Usage
Compulsory for DS449 stress checks. Must be first command within the DS449 Command data block.
Notes
1.
When BEAMST is run in stand alone mode, the program can be used for member checks only and so
command JOIN is not allowed.
2.
A list of all commands applicable to the DS449 Command data block is given in the DS449 Theory
section.
3.
If none of the parameters are specified the defaults are: DS449 MEMB HIGH A
Examples
DS449 MEMB NORM
DS449 JOIN
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EFFE
The EFFE command is used to specify the effective length factors Ky and Kz used in calculating slenderness
ratios K /r for column buckling calculations about each axis.
Parameters
EFFE : Keyword.
value1 : Ky (Real).
value2 : Kz (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element list follows.
GROU : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
integer list : List of user element numbers. (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all member checking command data blocks.
Notes
1.
If only value1 is specified, Ky and Kz are both set to it; otherwise Ky is set to value1 and Kz to value2.
2.
Elements for which the effective length factors are not specified have default value of 1.0.
3.
If Ky or Kz exceeds 1.0 then the member is deemed free to sway in the relevant plane.
Examples
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 21 TO 35
EFFE 0.8 1.0 ELEM 108 109 112
ELEM
The ELEM command specifies the elements to be reported. Elements are referenced by their ASAS User
Element Numbers. This command can be repeated as many times as required. It is sometimes convenient
to be able to specify a range of elements and subsequently exclude some of that range - the NOT command
word is provided for this purpose. When used in this way, the order of the ELEM commands is important.
The final setting for each element is the one used to produce the report. The ELEM command may also be
used in conjunction with the GROU command to select elements for reporting not referenced by the
GROU command and the NOT ELEM command to exclude any such referenced elements.
Parameters
NOT : Keyword to denote that the specified elements are not to be processed.
ELEM : Keyword.
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END
integer list : List of user element numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for POST Command data block and all member checking command data blocks. At least one
ELEM or GROU command must be present in such command data.
Notes
1.
The NOT command word has a special effect if it is used on the first ELEM command: all the elements
are selected except for those specified in this command. On all subsequent ELEM commands it merely
has the effect of rejecting the specified elements.
Examples
ELEM ALL
ELEM 6 to 1O
ELEM 12 14 16 TO 2O
ELEM 1 to 1O
NOT ELEM 4 6
ELEV
The ELEV command is used to specify mean water and seabed levels, tide and surge heights and sea water
density for calculation of hydrostatic pressure.
Parameters
ELEV : Keyword.
value1 : Mean Water Level relative to the water axes (Real).
value2 : Sea Bed Level relative to the water axes (Real).
value3 : Density of Sea Water (Real).
value4 : Tide Height (Real).
value5 : Surge Height (Real).
Usage
Compulsory for all command data blocks examining hydrostatic pressure effects.
Notes
1.
The static water depth is taken to be the sum of Mean Water Depth, Tide and Surge Heights.
Examples
ELEV 150.0 -5.0 1.025
ELEV 450.0 10.0 63.0 9.0 4.0
ELEV 454.0 10.0 63.0 9.0
END
The END command is used to terminate a command data block.
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27
Parameters
END : Keyword
Usage
Compulsory to terminate all command data blocks.
Notes
1.
The END command must be followed by the next command data block header or a STOP command
to terminate the BEAMST data.
EXTR
The EXTR command is used to specify which basic and/or combined loadcases are allowed overstress for
extreme/storm conditions.
Parameters
EXTR : Keyword.
integer list : List of basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all stress checking command data blocks.
Notes
1.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined, no shorthand syntax is permissible.
Examples
EXTR 2 4
EXTREME 1 5 7 10
FILES
The FILES command is used to define the prefix name for the backing files created in this run.
The FILES command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
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FORC
Parameters
FILES : Keyword.
fname : Prefix name for any backing files created by this run. (Alphanumeric, 4 characters, first character
must be alphabetic).
Usage
Optional, if omitted file name defaults to project name.
Notes
1.
fname is used as a prefix for all files created during the current run. The four characters are appended
with two digits in the range 12 to 35 to create each individual file. This name will also be used by default
for the plotfile name, see the SAVE command.
Examples
FILES BILL
FORC
The FORC command is used to specify the six beam force components at a specified section on a beam.
The FORC command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
FORC : Keyword.
forces : Six components of load at the section (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz) (Real).
FACT : Keyword to denote that the force position is defined as a ratio of the element length.
factor : Position along the beam from node 1 to the point at which the forces act (Real).
LENG : Keyword to denote that the force position is defined as a length along the beam.
length : Length along the beam from node 1 to the point at which the forces act (Real).
LOAD : Keyword to denote loadcase number follows.
case : Loadcase number (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote element number follows.
elno : User element number to which these forces apply (Integer).
Usage
Applicable to all command data blocks in stand alone mode only.
Notes
1.
All forces are applied at the section defined in the elements local axis.
2.
Any combination of position and loadcase number for which no FORC data is specified will be assumed
to have zero forces.
3.
If any combination of position and loadcase number has more than one FORC command specified
then the forces will be summed.
4.
It is the users responsibility to ensure that the specified force data is correct.
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GAPD
The GAPD command is used to specify a default gap or eccentricity dimension. This value is used if none
is specified in the TYPE command. A negative value is not allowed.
Parameters
GAPD : Keyword.
value : Gap dimension (Real).
Usage
Optional, for X or K joint punching shear and nominal load command data blocks only. The command is not
used for Y joints.
Notes
1.
If an entered value is less than the default of 50.8mm/2 inches a warning message is printed.
2.
GRAV
The GRAV command is used to define the relationship of structure to water surface axes by specifying the
value and direction of the gravitational acceleration relative to the structure axis system.
Parameters
GRAV : Keyword.
value1 : Gravitational acceleration component in the global X axis of the structure (Real).
value2 : Component in the global Y axis (Real).
value3 : Component in the global Y axis (Real).
Usage
Compulsory for all command data blocks examining hydrostatic pressure effects.
Notes
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HYDR
1.
The GRAV command defines the direction of the gravitational vector (-Zwater) with respect to the
structure (global) axis system.
2.
If the components of gravitational acceleration are given as (0,0,-g) the structure and water axes are
coincident with the Z-axis directed vertically upwards.
Examples
GRAV 0.0 0.0 -9.81
GRAVITY 7.246 -2.473 6.133
GROU
The GROU command is used to select which ASAS groups are to be reported. This command can be repeated
as many times as required. It is sometimes convenient to be able to select elements by their group numbers
and to be able to extend or exclude discrete elements or ranges of elements from the report. The ELEM
and NOT ELEM commands may be used in conjunction with the GROU command for this purpose. For
extension and exclusion purposes, the order of the ELEM commands can be important (see ELEM command).
Parameters
GROU : Keyword.
integer list : List of ASAS group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for POST command data block and all member checking command data blocks. At least one
ELEM or GROU command must be present in member command data blocks.
Examples
GROU 1 3 6 10 TO 15
NOT ELEM 8 10 16
GROU ALL
NOT ELEM 8 10 16
GROU 1 3 6 10 TO 15
ELEM 96 105 TO 123
HYDR
The HYDR command is used to specify loadcase dependent hydrostatic pressure load factors used in the
computation of the design hydrostatic head in API LRFD or ISO hydrostatic checks.
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For loadcases not specified using this command a value of 1.3 will be assumed. This corresponds to
the operating conditions.
2.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined, no shorthand syntax is permissible.
Examples
HYDR 1.1 CASE 5 6
ISO
The ISO command selects the International Standard ISO 19902 check (Ref. 27).
Parameters
ISO : Keyword.
edition : Selects the edition of the ISO code to be used in the checks. Valid keyword is ED1 (Edition 1).
MEMB : Keyword to select member capacity checks.
HYDR : Keyword to select hydro-static collapse checks for tubulars.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint checks for tubulars.
Usage
Compulsory for all ISO code checks. Must be the first command within the NORSOK Command data block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the ISO command data block appears in the ISO Theory" section.
JOB
The JOB command is used to define the type of analysis being performed.
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JOIN
The JOB command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
JOB : Keyword.
POST : Keyword indicating post-processing of an ASAS analysis.
NEW : Keyword.
CHEC : Keyword indicating BEAMST is being used in stand alone mode.
Usage
Compulsory.
Examples
JOB POST
JOB NEW CHEC
JOIN
The JOIN command is used to select the nodes to be included in joint checks. This command can be repeated
as many times as required. It is sometimes convenient to be able to specify a range of node numbers and
subsequently exclude some of that range - the NOT command word is provided for this purpose. In this way
the order of the JOIN commands can be important. The final setting for each node is the one used.
Parameters
NOT : Keyword to denote that the specified joints are not to be processed.
JOIN : Keyword.
nodes : List of nodes (Integer).
Usage
Compulsory for all joint command data blocks.
Notes
1.
The NOT command parameter has a special effect if it is used on the first JOIN command: all the joints
are selected except for those specified in this command. On all subsequent JOIN commands it merely
has the effect of rejecting the specified joints.
2.
For a joint to be identified as multi-noded all nodes must be included in the joint check.
Examples
JOIN ALL
JOIN 6 to 10
JOIN 12 14 16 TO 20
JOIN 1 to 10
NOT JOIN 4 6
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33
LIBR
The LIBR command is only required if section libraries were used in the ASAS analysis. The command provides
the name of an external file which contains beam section information for use in the stress calculations.
The LIBR command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
LIBR : Keyword.
filenm : Up to 6 character name of an external (physical) file which contains section library information
for beam type elements.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
If a section library was utilised in ASAS and the LIBR command line is omitted, the library file from the
analysis will be automatically adopted.
2.
The library file selected, either using the LIBR command or defaulting to the analysis file, must be
present in the users work area.
3.
If the library file specified is different to that used in the original analysis it is important that all section
identifiers which are to be referenced are present in the new library.
LIMIT
The limiting values defined below are built into BEAMST, but for API WSD JOIN these may be overwritten
at the users discretion, using one or more LIMIT commands.
Parameters
LIMIT : Keyword.
limval : Keyword indicating parameter for which default applicability limit is to be overwritten. (Alphanumeric) Permitted values are:
BETA
GAMMA
THETA
minval : Lower applicability limit for parameter limval (Real).
maxval : Upper applicability limit for parameter limval (Real).
Usage
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MCOF
Only used for API LRFD HYDR checks. Optional (see Note 1 below).
Notes
1.
Default applicability limits are as follows (using the standard parameter definitions):
0.2 BETA 1.0
10 GAMMA 50
300 THETA 900
MATE
The MATE command is used to define the material properties.
The MATE command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
MATE : Keyword.
youngs : Youngs modulus (Real).
poisson : Poissons ratio (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element list follows.
GROU : Keyword to denote that group list follows.
integer list : List of user element or group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Applicable to all command data blocks in stand alone mode only.
Notes
1.
See the introduction to the Command Reference section for details on the priority of assigning data.
Examples
MATE 207000. 0.3 ELEM 1 2 3 4
MCOF
The MCOF command is used to specify the global partial material coefficient utilised in the DS449 , NORSOK
and NPD code checks. The coefficient(s) may be loadcase dependent.
Parameters
MCOF : Keyword.
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35
If PARA and its associated keywords are omitted, then PARA YIEL is assumed.
2.
Explicit definition of a parameter coefficient (using the PARA keyword) will override any definition
without a parametric statement.
3.
For loadcases not defined using a MCOF command the following defaults will be utilised. The DS449
values reflect the strict material control definition in that code.
4.
For NORSOK the default material partial safety factor is 1.15 for tension and joint strength. It varies for
compression (including hydro-static checks). If a value of 1.15 is input here the default calculations
will be assumed for hydrostatic and compression cases. Values other than 1.15 + 0.001 will use the
input value for all checks
Keyword
NPD
NORSOK
DS449
Normal
DS449
High
Material Coefficient m
YIEL
1.15
1.15
Yield Stress y
YIEL
1.09
1.21
Punching Strength p
PUNC
1.21
1.34
Modulus of Elasticity E
ELAS
1.34
1.48
* The connection resistance factor depends upon the joint type and load component being considered. The
value of 0.95 is used for all variants except axial tension for T, Y and X joints, where a value of 0.90 is utilsed.
Examples
MCOF 1.5 PARA PUNC LOAD 2
MCOF 1.38 LOAD 1 8 9
MFAC
The MFAC command is used to define the moment reduction factors to be used in the BS5950 overall
buckling check.
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MLTF
Parameters
MFAC : Keyword.
facy : Moment reduction factor for My (Real).
facz : Moment reduction factor for Mz (Real).
LOAD : Keyword to denote that loadcase number follows.
lcn : Loadcase number (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element list follows.
integer list : List of user element numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for BS59 Command data block only.
Notes
1.
For elements with no MFAC data line facy and facz will be taken as 1.0.
2.
If facz is omitted from the MFAC data line facz will be taken as equal to facy.
3.
If LOAD and lcn are omitted from the MFAC data line then the specified facy and facz values will be
assumed to apply to all loadcases.
Examples
MFAC 0.7 0.5 LOAD 1 ELEM 6 8
MFAC 0.6 ELEM 1 2
MLTF
The MLTF command is used to define the moment reduction factor to be applied to the lateral torsional
buckling component in the BS5950 overall buckling check.
Parameters
MLTF : Keyword.
value : Lateral torsional buckling moment reduction factor (Real).
LOAD : Keyword to denote that loadcase number follows.
lcn : Loadcase number (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element list follows.
integer list : List of user element numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for BS59 Command data block only.
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37
For elements with no MLTF data lines, value will be taken as 1.0
2.
If LOAD and lcn are omitted from the MLTF data line then the specified value of value will be assumed
to apply to all loadcases.
Examples
MLTF 0.6 ELEM ALL
MLTF 0.6 ELEM ALL
MLTF 0.8 LOAD 1 ELEM 10
MOVE
The MOVE command is used to specify the origin of the Water Axes relative to the structure Global Axes
origin.
Parameters
MOVE : Keyword.
value1 : X-coordinate of the Water Axes origin in the Global Axes (Real).
value2 : Y-coordinate of the Water Axes origin in the Global Axes (Real).
value3 : Z-coordinate of the Water Axes origin in the Global Axes (Real).
Usage
Optional for all command data blocks examining hydrostatic pressure effects.
Notes
1.
If omitted the origins of the Water and the Global Axes origin are assumed coincident.
Examples
MOVE 5.0 20.0 15.0
MOVE -24.0 -10.0 14.6
NORS
The NORS command selects the NORSOK check (Ref. 24).
Parameters
NORS : Keyword.
edition : Selects the edition of the NORSOK code to be used in the checks. Valid keyword is ED98 (1998
Edition).
MEMB : Keyword to select member capacity checks.
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NPD
HYDR : Keyword to select hydro-static collapse checks for tubulars.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint checks for tubulars.
Usage
Compulsory for all NORSOK code checks. Must be the first command within the NORSOK Command data
block.
Notes
1.
A list of all commands applicable to the NORS command data block appears in the NORSOK Theory
section.
NPD
The NPD command selects ultimate limit state compliance checks to NPD/NS3472 regulations (Ref. 5, Ref.
6 and Ref. 7).
When BEAMST is run in stand alone mode, the program can be used for member checks only and so
command JOIN is not allowed.
Parameters
NPD : Keyword.
ED92 : Keyword to select NPD code Edition 1992.
MEMB : Keyword to select member yield and buckling checks.
JOIN : Keyword to select joint punching shear checks.
Usage
Compulsory for all NPD limit state checks. This must be the first command within the NPD Command data
block
Notes
1.
When BEAMST is run in stand alone mode, the program can be used for member checks only and so
command JOIN is not allowed.
2.
A list of all commands applicable to the NPD Command data block is given in the NPD/NS3472 Theory
section.
3.
4.
Examples
NPD MEMB ED92
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39
OPTI
The OPTIons command is used to define the control options for this run.
The OPTI command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
OPTI : Keyword.
option : Four character option name, or list of option names. Allowable Options for BEAMST are:
BRIG - Selects Rigorous buoyancy for hydrostatic collapse check. Same as the BRIG command.
DATA - Stop after checking the data. This is useful whenever careful checking is required. This option
overrides all reports selected locally within command data blocks on the PRIN command(s) except
the XCHK Report.
GOON - Proceed even after printed WARNINGS. This option allows the run to continue despite doubtful
data.
NOTR - Do not write the results to the User Results Storage Database
PRNO - This option allows the first 20 lines of BEAMST data to be echoed to the print file. All remaining
data is suppressed.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
BEAMST will not print any results unless requested. No options exist to request such printing, all results
reports are requested through the PRIN command. This allows users to vary the quantity and type
of results printed to their requirements.
2.
BEAMST will print forces and stresses in the reports selected as normal numbers without scientific
notation (i.e. the FORF option which exists in other programs within the ASAS suite is automatically
invoked within BEAMST). The output defaults to scientific notation if a line of forces or stresses has
very large or very small values.
Examples
OPTIONS DATA NOBL
PHI
The PHI command is used to specify the load dependent parameter, , used in the determination of the
lateral buckling strength of beams for NS3472E.
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POST
Parameters
PHI : Keyword.
value : Is the explicitly defined parameter (Real).
AUTO : Requests that automatic calculation of PHI is carried out using the formula:
where M1 and M2 are the moments at the ends of the beam about the strong axis and M1 M2
LOAD : Keyword to denote that loadcase number follows.
case : Loadcase number to which the value of is to be assigned (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element list follows.
integer list : List of user element numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to NPD command data blocks only
Notes
1.
If the loadcase number is not defined all loadcases will be assigned the value of for the elements
specified.
2.
Explicit definition of on a loadcase basis will override any definition without a loadcase number for
a given element. Automatic calculation of will be overridden by an explicit definition for a given
element.
3.
If AUTO is chosen for loadcase specific data, this will override any specific value of defined for an
element without the loadcase provided.
4.
In the absence of a PHI definition for an element a default value of 1.0 will be utilised.
Examples
PHI 2.0 LOAD 2 ELEM 1 5 6
PHI AUTO ELEM ALL
PHI 1.5 ELEM 5 TO 10
POST
The POST header command is used to request property, force and stress reports but without checks to a
specific design code of practice.
Parameters
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41
A list of all commands applicable to the POST Command data block is given in the POST Theory section.
2.
PRIN
The PRIN command specifies the reports to be printed.
Parameters
PRIN : Keyword.
type : Keyword indicating type of report required or units to be used. See table below for available
keywords.
params : Additional parameters applicable to each type:
PRINT Command Parameters
Type
Meaning
Additional Parameters
XCHK
None
PROP
None
FORC
None
STRE
None
UNCK
None
SUM1
SUM2
SUM3
SUM4
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PRIN
Type
Meaning
Additional Parameters
SUM5
FUNI
SUNI
All
None
Usage
Optional - for defaults see Note 8 below.
Notes
1.
A list of the reports applicable to each type of command data block is given in Output Reports Available
for API/AISC Code Checks (p. 44).
2.
BEAMST automatically filters out requested reports which are not available for the type of check/postprocessing selected. Such redundant requests do not induce data or execution errors.
3.
Exceedence values are only appropriate for summary report number 4 (SUM4) and if omitted default
to 1.0 and 0.5.
4.
Utilisation limits are available for summary reports 1-4. For summary report number 4 (SUM4), the
exceedence values MUST precede BOTH/FAIL.
5.
If units are specified both length and force units must be supplied. The valid unit names are listed
under the UNIT command. These units override any results units defined in the Preliminary data
(Appendix -A).
6.
7.
Output Reports
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43
AISC/
API
WSD
ALLO
AISC
LRFD
MEMB
API
WSD
HYDR
API
WSD
NOMI
(<
ED21)
API
WSD
PUNC
(<
ED21)
API
WSD
JOIN
(>
ED21)
API
LRFD
MEMB
API
LRFD
HYDR
API
LRFD
JOIN
Data Echo
Command Summary
No. 1
No. 1 (FAIL)
No. 2
No. 2 (FAIL)
No. 3
No. 3 (FAIL)
No. 4
No. 4 (FAIL)
No. 5
Cross Check
Member Properties
Member Force
Member Stress
Unity Check
Summary Reports
BS59
MEMB
DS449
MEMB
DS449
JOIN
NPD
MEMB
NPD
JOIN
NORSOK
MEMB
NORSOK
HYDR
NORSOK
JOIN
POST
Data Echo
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PRIN
Report
BS59
MEMB
DS449
MEMB
DS449
JOIN
NPD
MEMB
NPD
JOIN
NORSOK
MEMB
NORSOK
HYDR
NORSOK
JOIN
POST
Command Summary
No. 1
No. 1 (FAIL)
No. 2
No. 2 (FAIL)
No. 3
No. 3 (FAIL)
No. 4
No. 4 (FAIL)
No. 5
Cross Check
Member Properties
Member Force
Member Stress
Unity Check
Summary Reports
ISO
MEMB
ISO
HYDR
ISO
JOIN
Data Echo
Command Summary
Cross Check
Member Properties
Member Force
Member Stress
Unity Check
Summary Reports
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45
ISO
MEMB
ISO
HYDR
ISO
JOIN
No. 1
No. 1 (FAIL)
No. 2
No. 2 (FAIL)
No. 3
No. 3 (FAIL)
No. 4
No. 4 (FAIL)
No. 5
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PRIN
The Member Property Report gives all the relevant geometric and material data for each selected member
(element). The element number and element group is given at the top of the report along with the units in
use. The elements nodes and coordinates are printed next along with the elements length and associated
effective and unbraced lengths. The slenderness ratio, k /r is also printed.
The cross-section properties are then printed for each step of the element in turn. These consist of the
flexural properties (from ASAS or those associated with DESI commands), the material properties (from ASAS
and YIEL command) and the section dimensions (from ASAS or DESI command).
Member Force Report
The Member Force Report gives the six components of force at each section for each selected member
(element). The element number, its node numbers and group number are given at the top of the report
along with the units in use. The forces are then printed for each of the elements sections for each loadcase
in turn. The section positions are identified by number and ratio of position to element length. The first and
last sections will be at position 0.00 and 1.00 and relate to the ends of the element. Any intermediate sections
are either those specified by a SECT command or at the position of a step change in cross-section properties.
The section values are followed by the maximum value found at any section within the element and also
the position at which the maximum occurs.
When the SEAR command is in use the maximum may occur at a section position not reported in the section
data above. This is because the SEAR command causes additional sections on the element to be searched
without reporting.
The final two columns of the Member Force Report give the free moments in the local Y and Z directions.
Member Stress Report
The Member Stress Report gives the member stresses at each section for each selected member (element).
The element number, its node numbers and group number are given at the top of the report along with
the units in use. The stresses are then printed for each of the elements sections for each loadcase in turn.
The section positions are identified by number and ratio of position to element length. The first and last
sections will be at position 0.00 and 1.00 and relate to the ends of the element. Any intermediate sections
are either those specified by a SECT command or at the position of a step change in cross-section properties.
The section stresses are followed by the maximum stress found at any section within the element and also
the position at which the maximum occurs.
When the SEAR command is in use the maximum may occur at a section position not reported in the section
data above. This is because the SEAR command causes additional sections on the element to be searched
without reporting.
The final four columns of the Member Stress Report give the combined axial stress at four locations on the
section denoted A, B, C and D. These locations and the methods of combining the stress are given individually
for each section type in Appendix -D.
Unity Check Report
A single Unity Check Report is available in BEAMST for each type of Command data block which performs
a stress check to a design code and the PRIN parameter UNCK will select it. The report comprises member
acting stresses where such stresses differ or are not available from the Member Stress Report, allowable
stresses and unity checks appropriate to the design code check selected. Messages appropriate to the allowable stresses and unity check(s) which result appear on the right-hand side of the report as a four letter
code and are expanded in a Glossary printed at the end of the report. Members (or joints)or joints which
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47
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PROF
PROF
The PROF command enables a section profile to be defined in terms of type, dimensions and properties for
use with the DESI command.
Parameters
PROF : Keyword.
section : Name of the section (up to 12 alphanumeric characters).
type : Alphanumeric keyword specifying the section type. Section types currently available are:
TUB - Tube
J - Torsion constant
49
For a given section identifier the XSEC information must be provided. FLEX and/or GYRA values may
also be supplied with the following interpretations: If only XSEC is defined, the geometric flexural
properties and radii of gyration will be automatically calculated by the program from the section dimensions. If both XSEC and FLEX commands are utilised, any geometric properties explicitly defined
will overwrite those calculated from the section dimensions. This feature should be used with care
since many codes of practice compute effective section properties, which may be incompatible with
those provided explicitly. If both XSEC and GYRA commands are utilised, any radii explicitly defined
will overwrite those calculated from the flexural properties. The FLEX and GYRA commands may
not be defined without an associated XSEC command.
2.
If FLEX and/or GYRA data is required, this must be provided on separate PROF command lines.
Examples
PROFILE
PROFILE
PROFILE
PROFILE
PROJECT
The PROJECT command is used to define the project name for the current run.
The PROJECT command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
PROJECT : Keyword.
pname : Project name for current run (Alphanumeric, 4 characters, first character must be alphabetic).
Usage
Optional, if omitted project name defaults to ASAS.
Notes
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RENU
1.
All runs with the same project name access the same database. A project database consists of one
project file (with a file name consisting of the 4 characters of pname with the number 10 appended),
which acts as an index to other files created under this project, together with those other files.
Examples
PROJECT HIJK
QUAK
The QUAK command is used to specify which basic and/or combined loadcases are allowed earthquake
permitted overstress for earthquake/seismic conditions.
Parameters
QUAK : Keyword.
integer list : List of basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for member allowable stress, hydrostatic collapse and tubular joint punching shear command data
blocks.
Notes
1.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined, no shorthand syntax is permissible.
Examples
QUAK 2 4
QUAK l 19 40 67 72
RENU
The RENU command is used to alter the loadcase numbers of basic loadcases presented to BEAMST on files
saved from a previous ASAS, RESPONSE or LOCO analysis.
Parameters
RENU : Keyword.
oldcase : Basic loadcase number existing on the files saved for BEAMST by a previous analysis (Integer).
INTO : Keyword.
newcase : New loadcase number to be assigned to the oldcase. (Integer)
Usage
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51
The user is strongly advised if using the RENU command to position it within the command data block
immediately following the Header Command. Any command following it which refers to basic loadcases
must refer to newcase(s).
Examples
RENU 17 INTO 77
RENUMBER 84 INTO 23
RENU 72 INTO 1071
SAFE
The SAFE command is used to specify loadcase dependent safety factors for hydrostatic collapse checks
and their associated basic and/or combined user loadcase numbers.
Parameters
SAFE : Keyword.
value1 : Safety factor for axial compressive loading (Real).
value2 : Safety factor for axial tensile loading (Real).
value3 : Safety factor for hoop compressive loading (Real).
CASE : Keyword denoting loadcase numbers follow.
integer list : List of user selected basic and/or combined loadcases (Integer).
Usage
Optional for hydrostatic collapse data blocks.
Notes
1.
All values not defined default according to loadcase type (as defined by EXTR or QUAK commands)
as follows:
Loadcase Type
Value1
Value2
Value3
Not defined
2.00
1.67
2.00
EXTR
1.50
1.25
1.50
QUAK
1.20
1.00
1.20
2.
The value for axial compressive loading is checked against the AISC safety factor for column buckling
under axial compression and the greater of the two is taken.
3.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined, no shorthand syntax is permissible.
Examples
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SEAR
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
SAFE
1.67
1.30
1.30
1.30
CASE 16
1.25 CASE 1 6 10
0.90 1.430 CASE 99 102
0.90 1.30 CASE 99 102
SAVE
The SAVE command is used to define the plot file which is to be saved for subsequent display by the relevant
plotting program, or to save the intermediate file.
The SAVE command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
SAVE : Keyword.
FEMS : Keyword to save the FEMVIEW plot file.
FEMF : Keyword to save only member forces/moments on the FEMVIEW plot file.
FEMU : Keyword to save only unity check values on the FEMVIEW plot file.
FILES : Keyword.
CREATE : Keyword to signify model data is to be included (default).
APPEND : Keyword to signify no model data to be included
model : Model name to be used by FEMVIEW
FILE : Keyword to indicate filename follows.
filename : Name of FEMVIEW file to be created.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
The plot files are mutually exclusive and only one may be specified within any BEAMST analysis.
2.
CREATE/APPEND and following data is only valid for FEMS, FEMF, FEMU.
3.
4.
The default interface file will be named nnnnFS for FEMVIEW interface files where nnnn is the backing
file name for files created by this run.
Examples
SAVE FEMS FILE
SEAR
The SEAR command is used to request a search for the maximum value of force, stress or unity check at a
series of sections along a beam, in addition to those explicitly requested on the SECT command.
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Parameters
SEAR : Keyword.
values : Beam search section position (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote selection by element number.
GROUP : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
integer list : List of user selected basic and/or combined loadcases (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to all member checking and post-processing command data.
Notes
1.
Beam section search positions are defined in the range 0.0 to 1.0 where 0.0 and 1.0 refer to beam ends
1 and 2 respectively.
2.
Element definition of section information overrides group number definition. See BEAMST Priority of
Data Assignments (p. 10).
3.
If no values are supplied, a default set of up to five positions will be used for each beam. For unstepped
beams, search positions of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 will be used. For stepped beams, search positions of
0.1667, 0.3333, 0.5, 0.6667 and 0.8333 will be used.
4.
The forces and stresses used in the calculation of the coefficients Cb, Cmy and Cmz and the combined
buckle unity check are obtained by taking the maximum values from all of the sections checked i.e.
the beam ends, step positions for stepped beams and any sections defined by way of SEAR and/or
SECT commands.
5.
Results are only reported for sections defined by the SEAR command if they give maximum forces,
moments, stresses or unity check values.
Examples
SEAR 0.25 0.50 0.75 ELEM 17 84 TO 214
SEARCH 0.50 ELEM ALL
SEAR 0.1 0.9 GROU 0 2 6
SEARCH ELEM 1 TO 55
SEARCH
SECO
The SECO command is used to specify that certain elements defined by their element, group or geometric
property numbers are to be classed as secondary members for checking against allowable stresses or to be
excluded from joint punching shear checks.
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SECT
Parameters
SECO : Keyword.
ELEM : Keyword to denote selection by element number.
GROUP : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
PROP : Keyword to denote selection by geometric property number.
integer list : List of user element numbers, groups or geometric property numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for member allowable stress check and joint punching shear checking command data blocks.
Notes
Examples
SECONDARY ELEMENTS 10 15 21
SECO GROUPS 16 TO 24
SECO PROPERTIES 14 17 19 TO 2
SECO ELEM 20 TO 44
SECO GROUP 19 26
SECO PROP 16 14 TO 19
SECT
The SECT command is used to specify the intermediate beam section positions which are to be reported
for the selected elements or groups.
Parameters
SECT : Keyword.
value : Beam section position (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote selection by element number.
GROUP : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
integer list : List of user element numbers or group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional - applicable to all member checking and post-processing command data.
Notes
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55
Beam section search positions are defined in the range 0.0 to 1.0 where 0.0 and 1.0 refer to beam ends
1 and 2 respectively.
2.
See the introduction to the Command Reference section for details on the priority of assigning data.
3.
Beam end positions (plus step positions for stepped beams) by default are reported in addition to any
beam section positions specified on SECT commands.
4.
For a stand alone BEAMST run, all sections defined by the FORC command together with any sections
defined on the SECT commands are reported. However, those sections which are not given
force/moment values on a FORC command will report zero values, except for the Free Moments.
Examples
SECT 0.25 0.50 0.75 ELEM 17 84 TO 214
SECTION 0.50 ELEM ALL
SECT 0.1 0.9 GROU 0 2 6
SELE
The SELE command is used to define a combined loadcase title. It may also be used to redefine basic loadcase
titles presented to BEAMST on files saved from a previous ASAS, RESPONSE or LOCO analysis.
Parameters
SELE : Keyword.
case : Combined or basic loadcase number (Integer).
title : New loadcase title, up to 40 characters.
Usage
Optional and may be used in any command data block.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
If omitted, the basic loadcase titles remain as from the previous analysis and the combined loadcase
titles are blank.
Examples
SELE 17 COMBINED LOADCASE TITLE EXAMPLE
SELECT 82 REDEFINED BASIC LOADCASE TITLE
SIMP
The SIMP command is used to select elements for which the simplified code check methods described in
BS5950 are to be used. These simplified methods are applicable to plastic and compact members for the
axial plus moment and the overall buckling unity checks. Details of the simplified methods are given in the
BS5950 Theory section.
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SPEC
Parameters
SIMP : Keyword.
ELEM : Keyword to denote element list follows.
integer list : List of user element numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for BS59 command data block.
Notes
1.
By default the more rigorous checks will be carried out for all elements.
Examples
SIMP ELEM ALL
SIMP ELEM 20 TO 60
SIMP ELEM 10 15 20
SPEC
The SPEC command is used to specify which basic loadcases selected for reporting on CASE commands
and which basic loadcases referred to on CMBV or COMB commands originate from response spectrum
analysis and are to be subject to automatic signed expansion procedures when stress checking to a design
code.
Parameters
SPEC : Keyword.
integer list : List of response spectrum basic loadcases in the data, or ALL for all loadcases (Integer).
Usage
Optional - this command is only applicable for the following code checks:
AISC WSD ALLO
API WSD ALLO
API WSD NOMI
API WSD PUNC
API LRFD JOIN
API LRFD MEMB
Notes
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57
This command is only required if automatic signed expansion of response spectrum loadcases is required, otherwise they may be treated as linear static with the omission of this command.
2.
Examples
SPEC 1 7 19 206
SPEC ALL
SPEC 1 7 28 TO 99
STRU
The STRU command is used to define the name of an existing structure within the current project for which
the results are to be processed in this run.
The STRU command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
STRU : Keyword.
sname : Structure name identifying which existing structure is to be accessed from the current project,
see PROJ command (Alphanumeric, four characters, the first character must be alphabetic).
Usage
Compulsory.
Notes
1.
Examples
STRUCTURE SHIP
STUB
The STUB command is used to specify end stub diameter and wall thickness at both or either end of TUBE
elements, or other beam elements defined as having tubular cross-section.
Parameters
STUB : Keyword.
END1, END2 : Optional keywords.
value1 : End stub outside diameter of END1 (Real).
value2 : End stub wall thickness at END1 (Real)
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SYST
value3 : End stub outside diameter of END1 (Real).
value4 : End stub wall thickness at END2 (Real)
ELEM : Keyword to denote selection by element number.
GROU : Keyword to denote selection by element group number.
PROP : Keyword to denote selection by geometric property number.
integer list : List of user element numbers, group numbers or geometric property numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for tubular joint punching shear command data blocks.
Notes
1.
Element definition of stub diameter and wall thickness overrides group definition, which in turn overrides
geometric property number definitions. See BEAMST Priority of Data Assignments (p. 10).
2.
All tubular end diameters and wall thicknesses not redefined using the STUB command will default
to those of ASAS analysis unless redefined via the DESI command.
3.
See the introduction to the Command Reference section for details on the priority of assigning data.
Examples
STUB
STUB
STUB
STUB
STUB
SYST
The SYST command is used to define the amount of memory used for data by this run.
The SYST command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
SYST : Keyword.
DATA AREA : Keywords.
memory : Amount of memory (in 4 byte words) to be used by this run. Typical values are between 30000
and 1000000.
Usage
Optional.
Examples
SYSTEM DATA AREA 80000
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59
TEXT
The TEXT command is used to define a line of text to be printed once only at the beginning of the output.
Several TEXT lines may be defined to give a fuller description of the current analysis on the printed output.
The TEXT command is a preliminary command, and should only appear at the head of the BEAMST
data set.
Parameters
TEXT : Keyword.
text : This line of text will be printed once, at the beginning of the output (Alphanumeric, up to 75
characters).
Usage Optional.
Examples
TEXT THIS EXAMPLE OF THE
TEXT TEXT COMMAND IS SPREAD
TEXT OVER THREE LINES
TITLE
The TITLE command is used to specify/redefine the global title which is printed at the top of each page of
the BEAMST output.
Parameters
TITLE : Keyword.
title : New page title, up to 60 characters.
Usage
Optional.
Notes
1.
If omitted, the global title defaults to that defined on the TITLE command in the BEAMST preliminary
data.
2.
3.
The global title once redefined using the TITLE command remains as such until another TITLE command
is processed from the BEAMST command data block.
4.
Examples
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TYPE
TITLE Example Title Command - (CASE NO. 1 * 1.20)
TOPO
The TOPO command is used to define the elements and associated step and length information for all elements to be processed in a stand alone run.
The TOPO command should only be used when running BEAMST in stand alone mode.
Parameters
TOPO : Keyword.
node1 : Node number at the beginning of the element. If omitted then the program defaults to 1 (Integer).
node2 : Node number at the end of the element. If omitted then the program defaults to 2 (Integer).
PRIS : Keyword to denote that this element is prismatic.
length : Physical length of the element (Real).
STEP : Keyword to denote that this element is stepped.
stpno : Step number - must form a sequence from 1 to the number of steps on the element (Integer).
stlen : Step length (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element number follows.
elno : User element number (Integer).
GROU : Keyword to denote that group number follows.
grpno : Group number to be assigned to this element, if omitted then defaults to 0 (Integer).
Usage
Compulsory. All TOPO commands must be placed together immediately following the preliminary data
block.
Notes
1.
Note that the TOPO data block must be terminated by an END data line.
2.
For stepped beams stpno and stlen must be defined for every section of a stepped member. See example below.
3.
The group number specification is optional, but is often useful for simplifying the input of other data.
(e.g. YIEL data).
Examples
TOPO 1 2 PRIS 10. ELEM 20 GROU 1
TOPO 2 4 STEP 1 10. 2 20. 3 10. ELEM 30
TYPE
The TYPE command is used to specify joint type and joint brace member.
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Parameters
TYPE : Keyword.
node : Node number to which the brace connects to form the joint.
per : Percentage denoting that portion of the brace punching load that is carried by a joint of classification
type1, the remainder being carried by type2 (Integer).
type1, type2 : Joint type classifications, as follows:
K - K joints
T - T & Y joints
TY - T & Y joints
Y - T & Y joints
YT - T & Y joints
API WSD JOIN - Used to identify 2nd member for geometry based K and X joint gap calculations.
DS449 - Used to calculate mean brace diameter for gap/diameter ratios in K joint assessments.
Usage
Optional for K or T & Y joint punching shear and brace end fatigue command data blocks. Compulsory for
models containing cross joints that are to be processed in the current run, except for those being assessed
using the API WSD JOIN check. For the API WSD JOIN check a load dependant classification will be carried
out. In this case the axial load will determine the proportion of joint type for each brace member for each
loadcase. In this instance note 1 below does not apply and default values using TYPE DEFL are not applicable.
Notes
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ULCF
1.
In the absence of any TYPE command(s) at a joint, joints will automatically be classified as K or T &
Y, depending upon each brace-chord pair geometry.
2.
If per is omitted, the joint is classified as 100% joint type1. If per is less than 100, type2 must be
present.
3.
All joint types not specified with the TYPE command default to those in the TYPE DEFL command. If
a TYPE DEFL command is not present joints are automatically classified. See the appropriate sections
for joint checks in the relevant codes of practice.
4.
If the gap dimension is omitted the default value specified by the GAPD command is assumed. If
the GAPD command does not appear, or in the case of API WSD JOIN a second brace is not defined,
a gap of 2 inches is used.
5.
All user loadcase numbers must be explicitly defined if the CASE keyword is employed. If not the
shorthand syntax ALL is permissible.
6.
For X and K joints, separate type commands are required to fully define opposing braces.
Examples
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
TYPE
16 90 K TY 14 CASE 1 10
20 K 46 ALL
240 60 K X 17 CASE 1 4 10 12 19
68 40 DT Y 92 ALL
79 75 YT K 107 CASE 93
81 70 K X 15 100.0 ALL
DEFL Y T
ULCF
The ULCF command is used to specify the unbraced length of the compression flange used in calculations
for lateral buckling due to bending in allowable stress command data blocks or the unstiffened length of
cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connections in hydrostatic collapse command data
blocks.
Parameters
ULCF : Keyword.
FACT : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified as factor of element length.
factor : Factor of element length (Real).
LENG : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified explicitly.
length : Unbraced length (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element numbers follow.
GROU : Keyword to denote that group numbers follow.
integer list : List of user element numbers or element group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for all stress checks to design code command data blocks.
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2.
A length of zero (0.0) can be provided to indicate that lateral and torsional buckling are to be restrained
for I beams when carrying out allowable stress checks to NS3472E.
3.
If the ULCF command is omitted, the unbraced/unstiffened length is assumed equal to the element
length.
4.
Examples
ULCF 22.0 ELEM 10 TO 20
ULCF FACT 0.7 GROUP 10 12 TO 19 49
UNBR
The UNBR command is used to specify the unbraced lengths y and z used in calculating slenderness ratios
K /r for column buckling calculations about each axis. With this command either unbraced lengths can be
specified or factors by which the actual element length must be multiplied.
Parameters
UNBR : Keyword.
FACT : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified as factor of element length.
factor1, factor2 : Factors of element length (Real).
LENG : Keyword to denote that unbraced length is to be specified explicitly.
length1, length2 : Unbraced lengths (Real).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element numbers follow.
GROU : Keyword to denote that group numbers follow.
integer list : List of user element numbers or element group numbers (Integer).
Usage
Optional for AISC , API , BS59 , DS449 and NORS member checking command data blocks.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
If the UNBR command is omitted unbraced lengths are assumed equal to member lengths.
4.
For local buckling and hydrostatic checks a ULCF command is also required.
and
Examples
UNBR 22.0 15.0 ELEM 101 106 112
UNBR FACT 0.9 1.0 ELEM 10 TO 15
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to value2.
UNIT
UNBR LENG 33.0 ELEM 59
UNIT
The UNIT command is used to define the units which have been used in the previous analysis and also to
define the units to be used to print the stress results.
Parameters
UNIT : Keyword.
STRE : Keyword.
The STRE keyword is a preliminary option, and should only be present when the UNIT command
is used at the head of the BEAMST data set.
unitnm : Name of unit to be utilised (see Notes).
Usage
If units were not used in the previous analysis then this command is compulsory, otherwise it is optional.
Notes
1.
By default, the analysis units used in the previous analysis will be used.
2.
If analysis units were not defined for the previous analysis, the units used MUST be specified here. If
analysis units were defined for the previous analysis, they can be reconfirmed here but cannot be
changed.
3.
If it is required to print the results in different units from the analysis units, these units may be defined
with this command using the keyword STRE followed by the unit or units to be changed.
4.
The units for printed results can also be defined on the PRIN command. If PRIN is used in addition
to UNIT STRE , the PRIN values will override the UNIT STRE values.
5.
Only those output units which are required to be modified need to be specified, undefined terms will
default to analysis units. Valid unit names are as follows:
Length
Force
METRE(S)
CENTIMETRE(S)
CM
MILLIMETRE(S)
MM
MICROMETRE(S)
MICM
NANOMETRE(S)
NANM
FOOT, FEET
FT
INCH, INCHES
IN
NEWTON(S)
KILONEWTON(S)
KN
MEGANEWTON(S)
MN
TONNEFORCE(S)
TNEF
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PDL
POUNDFORCE
LBF
KIP(S)
KIP
TONFORCE(S)
TONF
KGFORCE(S)
KGF
Examples
To define or reconfirm the analysis units
UNIT N M
To change the length unit to millimetres for printed output
UNIT STRE MM
WAVE
The WAVE command is used to specify Wave Height and Period for the calculation of wave induced hydrostatic pressure head.
Parameters
WAVE : Keyword.
value1 : Wave Height (Real).
value2 : Wave Period in seconds (Real).
Usage
Optional for hydrostatic collapse checks.
Notes
1.
If omitted, the still water level is used for hydrostatic check (see ELEV command).
2.
The unit of Wave Height must be identical with that specified on the current UNIT command.
Examples
WAVE 5.0 10.0
YIEL
The YIEL command is used to specify the yield stress to be used for each element, group or material property
in the requested report. This yield stress may be referenced to a particular step number within the elements
defined by the element, group or material property lists.
Parameters
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
YIEL : Keyword.
value : The yield stress (Real).
STEP : Keyword to denote that step number follows.
stepno : Step number to which the yield stress is referenced (Integer).
ELEM : Keyword to denote that element numbers follow.
GROU : Keyword to denote that group numbers follow.
MATE : Keyword to denote that material numbers follow.
integer list : List of user element, group or material property numbers to be assigned this yield stress
(Integer).
Usage
Compulsory for all stress checks to design code command data blocks.
Notes
1.
The yield stress must be entered in the same units as defined by the current UNIT command.
2.
If a step reference is given only that step for elements specified within the element list, group number
list or material property number list is assigned this yield stress.
Examples
YIELD 2.0E8 ELEM ALL
YIEL 20000.0 ELEM 75 TO 80
YIEL 4.137E5 STEP 3 ELEM 1 6 16 TO 94 197
YIELD 3.447E5 STEP 20 GROUP ALL
YIELD 20000.0 MATE 5 8
AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
AISC WSD ALLO Overview
The AISC WSD ALLO command set is used to request that extreme fibre allowable stresses be calculated
and unity checks be performed according to the AISC design specification (Ref. 1).
The AISC WSD specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be
used to specify the yield strength. The units of the yield strength must be those of the UNIT command
(BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5)).
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section types must be
specified (if not specified in the structural analysis) using DESI commands. Further commands are available
for defining structural characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF ) and for specifying members
that are classified as secondary (SECO).
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE command
and/or new loadcases formed from combinations of existing loadcases using the COMB and CMBV commands.
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Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SECO
Secondary members
SEAR
Search other sections in addition to those requested on the SECT command for maximum forces
and stresses
DESI
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Command
Description
Usage
Note
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
EXTR
QUAK
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubular elements unless sections have been used in the preceding analyses for
all elements to be processed.
4.
69
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 711 712 713
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 701 TO 704
CMY 0.85 ELEM 702 703
CMY 0.85 ELEM 706 707
*
* Check mid-span and quarter point sections
*
SECT 0.25 0.5 0.75 ELEM ALL
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM2 SUM3 SUM4 BOTH
END
STOP
Code
Clause
Description
B7
B7
(E2-1)
(A-B5-9)
(A-B5-12)
(B5.2.b)
(F4-2)
shear buckle
(F4-1)
shear yield
user defined
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Code
Clause
Description
(F3-1)
(F2-1)
(F1-4)
Major - I, H
(F2-3)
Minor - I, H
(F3-3)
(A-B5-3)
(A-B5-4)
(A-B5-7)
(A-B5-9)
(AISC 1.5.1.4.5(1))
(F1.3)
Major - I, H
(F1-6)
Major - I, H
(F1-7)
Major - I, H
(F1-8)
Major - I, H
(F1-5)
(E2-1) (C-F3-1)
Major - Boxes
(E2-2) (C-F3-1)
Major - Boxes
The last two characters are always the same for tubular members.
The final column of the table, headed Messages, flags all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
These messages may be summarised as follows:
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
CONS - Unbraced length of compression flange less than element length, conservative assumption for
CB, CM
HAND - Unbraced length of compression flange exceeds element length, manual check required, CB,
CM defaulted
73
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Axial/Bending
Shear
Ordinary
0.0
0.0
Extreme
33.33
33.33
Earthquake
33.33
33.33
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Allowable stress
Commentary
Limiting Slenderness Ratio
B7
Allowable stress
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Commentary
Code
Message
Web
Flange
Web
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Flange
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Major Axis
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
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Commentary
Code
Message
Minor Axis
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
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82
Commentary
Code
Message
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
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84
Commentary
Code
Message
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Axial
Shear
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
F
Commentary
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Axial compression
Axial tension
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Commentary
Code
Message
Axial tension
Commentary
Message
CONS
HAND
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
CONS
HAND
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Commentary
Message
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
For the purpose of checking members to AISC WSD, a series of worst static-spectral possible loadcases must
be generated from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
The signs applied to the spectral end forces when generating a series of worst cases depend upon the unity
check being considered and details of the signs adopted/deduced are given in this section.
In BEAMST it is assumed that unity checks can be performed by considering the combination of static and
dynamic conditions to be purely a static condition.
Torsional Effects
The maximum torsional spectral load contribution at each beam section position is deduced in a similar
manner to the axial load contribution in 4.1.5.2.
Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle and Yield Unity
Checks
The maximum axial spectral load contribution at each beam section position is calculated by assuming that
the spectral axial load distribution is linear with both member end loads having the same sign. The sign
adopted for these member spectral end loads is normally assumed to be of the same sign as the static axial
load (if it exists). In cases where the static loadcase is tensile it is possible that reversing the sign of the
spectral case may produce a net compressive load and, hence, a more onerous utilisation (since buckling
may become a problem). Under these conditions, the checks are repeated with the spectral axial stresses
reversed with respect to the static case, and the combination producing the highest utilisation of both
conditions is reported. The sign adopted may be ascertained from the utilisation code reported.
As in all checks performed by BEAMST, zero axial stress is treated as compressive (-ve sign, ASAS convention).
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
In order to be able to generate mid-member stresses an equivalent member spectral loading is required.
BEAMST assumes that the spectral loading consists of a linearly varying inertia loading on the member acting
in a rigid fashion (ie the load consists of that due to pure translation and rotation of the member). This inertia
loading is calculated by balancing it against the member signed spectral end forces (shears and moments).
For each local bending plane there are sixteen unique signed spectral end force (shears and moments) expansions/cases of which eight are symmetric, but of opposite sign, to the remaining eight. Each of these
sixteen signed spectral expansions is denoted by a single alphabetic letter code in BEAMST in the range AP as shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied
for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 93). For spectral loadcases only eight of the sixteen possible expansions need theoretically be considered but for static-spectral summations all sixteen have to be taken into
account.
The Shear Unity Checks are maximised by adopting the static-spectral signed expansion which maximises
the total acting shear at each beam section position. For tubular sections the combination of static-spectral
expansions which maximises the resultant acting shear on the cross section and the Maximum Shear Unity
Check.
For a linearly varying inertia load it can be deduced a priori that the following spectral expansions are critical for the Shear Unity Checks for static-spectral summation.
Beam section position ()
E or L
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D or M
B or O
Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses
Yield Unity Check
For bending unity checks and unity check bending components it is necessary to determine the spectral
expansion which maximises the ratio of acting to allowable stress as opposed to simply maximising the
acting bending stress. In general this is necessary because the bending allowable may be a function of Cb
which itself is a function of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member total end forces.
BEAMST investigates each of the sixteen signed spectral expansions shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 93)
for both of the local axes bending planes for each beam section position being considered and reports the
critical expansions at each section. For tubular sections being checked to AISC WSD where it is necessary
to calculate bending resultants at each beam section the spectral expansions which maximise the ratio of
local axes bending stress to allowable are determined (as these local axes acting bending stresses are the
ones which also maximise the acting bending resultants and hence maximise the yield unity check components).
For static-spectral summation it is theoretically necessary to investigate all sixteen spectral expansions for
the worst cases but for loadcases composed of expanded spectral contributions only, the following generalisations can be made:
1.
The acting bending stress at each beam section position is maximised by adopting the spectral expansion defined by end moments of the same sign and end shears of opposite signs.
2.
Where the allowable stress is a function of Cb, the allowable will be minimised by adopting the expansion with spectral end moments of the same sign as this minimises Cb.
These two generalisations taken together imply spectral expansions A or P (Automatic signed Spectral Expansion
codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 93))
Unity Check Report for Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Unity Checks
The Unity Check Report for a spectral or a static-spectral summation comprises four separate reports:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The unity checks of direct interest to the user when checking against a design code are the shear checks in
the Highest Shear Unity Checks, the pure bend checks in the Highest Pure Bending Unity Checks etc. For
the Highest Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Reports, the worst unity check at each beam section position is
reported together with the spectral expansions in the local Y and Z which maximise the respective checks
(as described in Torsional Effects, Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle
and Yield Unity Checks, Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
and Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses Yield Unity
Check above) appended to the loadcase number. In addition to the unity checks of direct interest in each
report all remaining unity checks are calculated for the spectral expansions quoted and are reported. This
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AISC Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (AISC WSD ALLO)
allows users to obtain an overall picture of stress state in the beam at the section under consideration for
the spectral expansions cited. The combined buckle unity checks in these reports and the Highest Buckle
Unity Check Report are explained in AISC Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check below.
End1
Shear
End1
Moment
End2
Shear
End2
Moment
Notes
1.
Beam end spectral torque signs are chosen to be identical with their respective static components in
static-spectral loadcases.
2.
Beam end spectral torque signs adopted for evaluation of spectral stresses at intermediate beam section
positions are chosen to be identical with their respective static stress components at the section under
consideration.
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
AISC LRFD MEMB Overview
The AISC LRFD MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request member stress checks to AISC LRFD
design recommendations, second and third editions (Ref. 23, Ref. 25), for tubular, I-shaped and hollow rectangular section types.
The AISC specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be used to
specify the yield strength.
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section dimensions must
be specified (if not specified in the structural analysis) using DESI commands. Further commands are available
for defining topological characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that
are classified as secondary (SECO).
The SECT command may be used to define intermediate points along a member at which member forces
are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to results automatically printed at the
member end points and positions of any step change in cross-section properties. Alternatively the SEARch
command may be used which requests that moments and stresses are to be evaluated at specified locations
along the beam but to be reported only if they give a maximum force, stress or utilisation. These extra locations are in addition to those selected using the SECT command.
The AISC LRFD standard utilises limit state checks with resistance coefficients to achieve the desired level
of safety. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined
in the code of practice (Section C, Loads), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for processing. Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken (using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied to
the pile model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear
pile analysis has not been carried out, the design loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands
utilising the required load factors.
The selection of output reports is made using the PRIN command with the appropriate parameters for the
required reports. The PRIN command is also used to request the various summary reports available. Two
summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 subcommand and details the loadcase producing the
highest unity check value for each element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 subcommand and consists of the highest unity check
for each selected loadcase for each element selected.
A complete list of the command set available for the AISC LRFD MEMB code checks is given in AISC LRFD
MEMB Commands (p. 94) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example
data file is given in Example of AISC LRFD MEMB data file (p. 96).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
94
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1
C
AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Command
Description
Usage
Note
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
Search other sections in addition to those requested on the SECT command for maximum forces
and stresses
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubular elements unless sections have been used in the preceding analyses for
all elements to be processed.
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95
96
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
UNBR LENG 9.75 19.5 ELEM 712
*
* Override program computed moment amplification RF
*
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 711 712 713
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 701 TO 704
CMY 0.85 ELEM 702 703
CMY 0.85 ELEM 706 707
*
* Check mid-span and quarter point sections
*
SECT 0.25 0.5 0.75 ELEM ALL
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM3 BOTH
END
STOP
Code
Clause
Description
B7
B7
(E2-2)
(E2-3)
axial compression
E
axial compression
V
(F2-1)
shear yield
(F2-2)
(F2-3)
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97
Code
Clause
Description
(A-F1-1)
(A-F1-2)
(A-F1-4)
(A-F1-1)
(A-F1-3)
(A-F1-4)
(A-F1-1)
(A-F1-3)
(A-G2-1)
(A-G2-2)
(A-F1-1)
(A-F1-3)
(A-F1-4)
Bending Z - A = (A-F1-1) Major - FBI, WF, BOX, RHS Lateral Torsional Buckle
The next two columns present the acting axial force, shear and bending moments pertaining to the given
loadcase, and these are followed by the nominal strengths and associated parameters for axial, shear and
bending loads and their respective utilisations.
The final column of the table, headed Messages, flags all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
These messages may be summarised as follows:
FAIL - Member has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter limits (flagged with THKF, DTRF, SLRF).
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
WBIC - Reduced web width calculation is required, this is not currently undertaken by the program.
HAND - Member is part of sway frame (k > 1.0). Manual check required for combined interaction check.
99
100
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Resistance factors
Load coefficients
BEAMST assumes the appropriate factors have already
been applied by the user.
Commentary
Commentary
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101
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
102
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
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103
Commentary
Code
Message
Flange
Critical stress
104
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Nominal strength
Commentary
Commentary
Plastic capacity
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105
Commentary
Code
Message
Compact section
Slender section
106
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Compact section
Slender section
Compact section
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107
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Slender section
Commentary
108
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
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109
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Plastic capacity
Compact section
Slender section
Commentary
110
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Compact section
Slender section
Compact section
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111
Commentary
Code
Message
Slender section
Compact section
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Slender section
Commentary
Compact section
Slender section
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113
Commentary
Code
Message
Shear z
Shear y
Web plate buckling coefficient is taken assuming that
no stiffeners are required i.e. k = 5
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Axial
Shear
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115
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
Commentary
116
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Commentary
Message
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117
118
Commentary
Message
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
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119
Commentary
Message
120
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Resistance factors
Load coefficients
BEAMST assumes the appropriate factors have already
been applied by the user.
Commentary
Commentary
Code
Message
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121
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Web
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Commentary
Code
Message
Flange
Critical stress
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Nominal strength
Commentary
Commentary
Plastic capacity
125
Commentary
Code
Message
Compact section
Slender section
Compact section
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Slender section
Compact section
Slender section
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127
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
128
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Plastic capacity
Compact section
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Slender section
Commentary
Compact section
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Slender section
Compact section
Slender section
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Compact section
Slender section
Commentary
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Compact section
Slender section
Commentary
Shear z
Shear y
Web plate buckling coefficient is taken assuming that
no stiffeners are required i.e. k = 5
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Commentary
Code
Message
134
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Axial
Shear
Pure Bending
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135
Commentary
Code
Message
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AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB)
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
138
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
139
API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
API WSD ALLO Overview
The API WSD ALLO header command in BEAMST is used to request member stress checks to API Working
Stress Design recommendations (Ref. 2). The strength requirements of API WSD 21st ed (Ref. 26), as applicable
to BEAMST, are the same as those of API WSD 20th ed (Ref. 2). Hence the equations for API 20th ed given
in BEAMST API Theory (p. 139) of this manual also apply to API 21st ed.
The API WSD ALLOwable Command exists as a derivative of the AISC allowable stress check data described
in AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design Member Check (AISC LRFD MEMB) (p. 94). The stress check follows
an identical path to the AISC check except for TUBE elements or other beam types that have been assigned
circular tubular sections in the structural analysis. For such elements the code checks are performed to the
American Petroleum Institute supported design recommendation API RP2A, which refers to the AISC specification (Ref. 1), but amplifies the clauses particular to tubular members. Unstiffened tubular local buckling,
allowable stresses taking into account inelastic shell buckling, member buckling and yield strength and unity
checks are all performed to the API recommendations as detailed in API LRFD Allowable Stresses and Unity
Checks (p. 196). Amplification-reduction factors, Cmy and Cmz, are restricted to a maximum of 0.85 unless
these values are user defined. TUBE element effective shear areas are rigidly restricted to one half of the
cross-section area.
The API specification is written in terms of member yield strengths, so a YIELd command must be used to
specify the yield strength. The units of the yield strength must be those of the UNIT command.
Members may be selected for processing by elements and/or groups. The member section types must be
specified (if not specified in the structural analysis) using DESI commands. Further commands are available
for defining topological characteristic of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that
are classified as secondary (SECO).
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using the CASE command
and/or new loadcases formed from combinations of existing loadcases using the CMBV and COMB commands.
The AISC/API permitted one third increase in allowable stresses for wind extreme loading may be requested
on a loadcase basis using the EXTR command. For seismic conditions, API permits a higher increase in basic
allowable stresses for strength assessment taking member allowable actions to the point of first yield. This
may be requested on a loadcase basis using the QUAK command.
The SECT command may be used to define intermediate points along a member at which member forces
are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to results automatically printed at the
member end points and positions of any step change in cross-section properties. For the code checks it is
necessary to ensure the maximum acting bending moment and stresses are evaluated. Since this may not
occur at one of the selected locations, BEAMST has a SEARch command which causes the moments and
stresses to be evaluated at every L/4 and L/6 (L = beam length) for prismatic and stepped beams respectively.
These extra locations are in addition to those selected and the results at these locations are only presented
if they give the maximum moments or stresses.
The selection of output reports is made using the PRIN command with the appropriate parameters for the
required reports. The PRIN command is also used to request the various summary reports available and to
set exceedence values for the unity checks. Four summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command subcommand and gives the highest local
buckling, global buckling and yield unity check values for each element.
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API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
Summary report 2 is requested with the PRIN SUM2 command and gives the highest buckle check and all
unity checks at the section with the highest yield combined stress unity check for each element.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 command and consists of the highest unity check for
each selected loadcase for each element selected.
Summary report 4 is requested with the PRIN SUM4 command and provides the three worst unity checks
for each selected group, together with the distribution of unity check values. The distribution provides information on the number of unity checks exceeding an upper limit (default 1.0), less than a lower limit (default
0.5), and the number in the mid-range.
A complete list of the command set available for the API WSD code checks is given in API WSD ALLO Commands (p. 141) below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is
given in Example of API WSD ALLO data file (p. 142).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
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141
Description
RENU
EXTR
QUAK
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubular elements unless Sections have been used in the preceding analyses for
all elements to be processed.
4.
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API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
*
EXTR 10 11
*
* Yield Value Constant for all elements
*
YIELD 3.5E05 ELEM ALL
*
* Main plan bracing members use effective length
* coefficient of 0.8
* Note that the element definition overrides the
* group definition irrespective of order
*
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 105 106
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 101 TO 104
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 107 TO 110
EFFE 1.0 GROU 1
*
* Out of plane unbraced lengths need redefining
*
UNBR FACT 2.0 1.0 ELEM 105 106
UNBR LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
* Override program computed moment amplification RF
*
CMY 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
*
* Check mid-span sections
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 SUM2 SUM3 SUM4 BOTH
END
STOP
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143
Code
Clause
Description
AISC B7
AISC B7
(3.2.2-1)
(3.2.2-2)
AISC (F4-2)
shear buckle
AISC (F4-1)
shear yield
(3.2.2-1a)
(3.2.2-1b)
(3.2.2-1c)
The last two characters are always the same for tubular members.
The final column of the table, headed Messages, flags all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
These messages may be summarised as follows:
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API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
145
Axial/Bending
Shear
Ordinary
0.0
0.0
Extreme
33.33
33.33
Earthquake
70.0
44.34
The following section describes the computations undertaken for tubular sections only (with two exceptions,
see below). For non-tubular members being checked to API reference should be made to Allowable Stresses
and Unity Checks for the AISC code. Note that the combined Unity Checks for non-tubular members utilise
modified parameters based upon API recommendations. See Notes 1 and 2 in API WSD ALLO - Combined
Stresses (p. 149).
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Allowable stress
146
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API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
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147
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Beam Shear
Torsional Shear
Commentary
Axial
Shear
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API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
Commentary
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149
Commentary
Code
Message
Spectral Loadcases
In response spectrum analysis using modal superposition (Ref. 12) the structure displacements and forces
calculated represent estimated maxima and are, in general, unsigned (positive).
For the purpose of checking members to API a series of worst case static-spectral loadcase permutations
must be generated from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
The signs applied to the spectral end forces when generating a series of worst cases depend upon the unity
check being considered and details of the signs adopted/deduced are given in this section.
In BEAMST it is assumed that unity checks can be performed by considering the combination of static and
dynamic conditions to be purely a static condition.
Torsional Effects
The maximum torsional spectral load contribution at each beam section position is deduced in a similar
manner to the axial load contribution in 5.1.5.2.
Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle and Yield Unity
Checks
The maximum axial spectral load contribution at each beam section position is calculated by assuming that
the spectral axial load distribution is linear with both member end loads having the same sign. The sign
adopted for these member spectral end loads is normally assumed to be of the same sign as the static axial
load (if it exists). In cases where the static loadcase is tensile it is possible that reversing the sign of the
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API Working Stress Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API WSD ALLO)
spectral case may produce a net compressive load and, hence, a more onerous utilisation (since buckling
may become a problem). Under these conditions, the checks are repeated with the spectral axial stresses
reversed with respect to the static case, and the combination producing the highest utilisation of both
conditions is reported. The sign adopted may be ascertained from the utilisation code reported.
As in all checks performed by BEAMST, zero axial stress is treated as compressive (-ve sign, ASAS convention).
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
In order to be able to generate mid-member stresses an equivalent member spectral loading is required.
BEAMST assumes that the spectral loading consists of a linearly varying inertia loading on the member acting
in a rigid fashion (ie the load consists of that due to pure translation and rotation of the member). This inertia
loading is calculated by balancing it against the member signed spectral end forces (shears and moments).
For each local bending plane there are sixteen unique signed spectral end force (shears and moments) expansions/cases of which eight are symmetric, but of opposite sign, to the remaining eight. Each of these
sixteen signed spectral expansions is denoted by a single alphabetic letter code in BEAMST in the range AP as shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied
for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 152). For spectral loadcases only eight of the sixteen possible expansions need theoretically be considered but for static-spectral summations all sixteen have to be taken into
account.
The Shear Unity Checks are maximised by adopting the static-spectral signed expansion which maximises
the total acting shear at each beam section position. For tubular sections the combination of static-spectral
expansions which maximises the resultant acting shear on the cross section and the Maximum Shear Unity
Check.
For a linearly varying inertia load it can be deduced a priori that the following spectral expansions are critical for the Shear Unity Checks for static-spectral summation.
Beam section position ()
E or L
D or M
B or O
Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses
Yield Unity Check
For bending unity checks and unity check bending components it is necessary to determine the spectral
expansion which maximises the ratio of acting to allowable stress as opposed to simply maximising the
acting bending stress. In general this is necessary because the bending allowable may be a function of Cb
which itself is a function of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member total end forces.
BEAMST investigates each of the sixteen signed spectral expansions shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 152)
for both of the local axes bending planes for each beam section position being considered and reports the
critical expansions at each section. For tubular sections being checked to AISC where it is necessary to calculate bending resultants at each beam section the spectral expansions which maximise the ratio of local
axes bending stress to allowable are determined (as these local axes acting bending stresses are the ones
which also maximise the acting bending resultants and hence maximise the yield unity check components).
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151
The acting bending stress at each beam section position is maximised by adopting the spectral expansion defined by end moments of the same sign and end shears of opposite signs.
2.
Where the allowable stress is a function of Cb, the allowable will be minimised by adopting the expansion with spectral end moments of the same sign as this minimises Cb.
These two generalisations taken together infer spectral expansions A or P (Automatic signed Spectral Expansion
codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 152))
Unity Check Report for Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Unity Checks
The Unity Check Report for a spectral or a static-spectral summation comprises four separate reports:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The unity checks of direct interest to the user when checking against a design code are the shear checks in
the Highest Shear Unity Checks, the pure bend checks in the Highest Pure Bending Unity Checks etc. For
the Highest Shear, Pure Bending and Yield Reports, the worst unity check at each beam section position is
reported together with the spectral expansions in the local Y and Z which maximise the respective checks
(as described in Torsional Effects, Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle
and Yield Unity Checks, Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
and Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses Yield Unity
Check above) appended to the loadcase number. In addition to the unity checks of direct interest in each
report all remaining unity checks are calculated for the spectral expansions quoted and are reported. This
allows users to obtain an overall picture of stress state in the beam at the section under consideration for
the spectral expansions cited. The combined buckle unity checks in these reports and the Highest Buckle
Unity Check Report are explained in API Combined Stress Buckle Unity Check below.
End1
Shear
End1
Moment
End2
Shear
End2
Moment
152
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End1
Shear
End1
Moment
End2
Shear
End2
Moment
Notes
1.
Beam end spectral torque signs are chosen to be identical with their respective static components in
static-spectral loadcases.
2.
Beam end spectral torque signs adopted for evaluation of spectral stresses at intermediate beam section
positions are chosen to be identical with their respective static stress components at the section under
consideration.
153
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
154
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1
C
Description
Usage
Note
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
DESI
PROF
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
EXTR
QUAK
SAFE
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
155
156
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FXHA - Net axial stress fax less than half allowable elastic hoop stress and thus eqn 3.3.4-3 not checked
MOTN - Geometry parameter, used in the elastic hoop buckling stress, , greater than 1.6 D/t
157
Axial tension
SFxt
Ordinary
1.67-2.00
1.67
2.00
Extreme
1.25-1.50
1.25
1.50
Earthquake
1.00-1.20
1.00
1.20
Bending SFb
See Combined
Compression
and Hydrostatic
Pressure Unity
Check
(AISC E2-1)
2.
3.
Wave crest is assumed to be directly above the beam section position under consideration.
4.
Hydrostatic pressure is only considered for beam section positions below the static water level (=mean
water level + tide height + storm surge height).
5.
The wave length, Lw, is adequately described by linear wave theory as follows:
158
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(a) If
(shallow water)
then
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then
(c) Else Lw is obtained iteratively from
where
Hw = wave height
z = depth below static water surface
7.
where p = gHz
= water density
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159
Commentary
Message
160
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
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161
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
API WSD - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCCH1/2
Clause/(Eqn)
162
Commentary
Message
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API WSD - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCTH
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters; BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHOR command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
A joint is formed of a maximum of 3 nodes connected by valid chord members. These nodes must form a
straight line and must be within a distance of D/4. This process is performed automatically, however, if required
can be specified manually using the CHOR command.
All valid members that form the joing are allocated to a number of planes. A tolerance of +/- 15 exists to
identify braces belonging to the same plane. Each member in each plane is then assessed to obtain unity
factors for axial and bending forces in addition to an interaction ratio to account for the combination of
such forces.
BEAMST automatically decides on the type of joint by assessing the balancing axial force in each valid brace
member forming the joint. Firstly any load paths that form a K joint are assessed; it can be the case that in
a traditional KT Joint shape that this will result in 2 K joints with different gaps between members.
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163
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
PROF
STUB
CASE
164
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1
C
Description
Usage
Note
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
EXTR
QUAK
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
165
NOCK - No check has been carried out, due to one of the following error messages
* Error message
166
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167
Commentary
Message
168
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
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169
Commentary
Message
170
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The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters; BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle less than or equal to
80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. Two non-perpendicular braces on the same
side of the chord are classified as K joints.
3.
4.
In the case of user defined K and X joints, no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
5.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
6.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is allowed.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically bypassed.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHOR commands. Interpolated joint classifications may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension appropriate to the joint may
be specified in the TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
The detailed joint punching shear unity check report provides information on joint geometric parameters,
type, acting chord and brace stresses, punching shear, Qf and Qq factors, punching shear allowable(s), and
unity checks. This may be requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged
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171
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
PROF
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
172
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1
C
Description
SPEC
Usage
Note
RENU
Renumber a basic loadcase
QUAK
Loadcases with earthquake permitted overstress
EXTR
Loadcases allowing extreme loading overstress
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
173
NO
UNI - Brace angle is less than 20 degrees so no unity checks are calculated
CHK
BTA
GT - ratio is greater than unity so no unity checks are calculated
ONE
N - If the first combined unity check exceeds unity (UCBN) then the second unity check cannot be calculated (UCCO)
174
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D = Chord diameter
d = Brace diameter
R = Chord radius
T = Chord thickness
t = Brace thickness
= Ratio between the chord radius and thickness R/T
= Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord t/T
= Angle between brace and chord
= Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord d/D
g = K joint gap
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175
Commentary
Message
176
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
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177
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
178
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Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
179
Notes
Spectral expansion Z represents the trivial case of static components only in a static-spectral loadcase..
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters; BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
180
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If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle less than or equal to
80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. Two non-perpendicular braces on the same
side of the chord are classified as K joints.
3.
4.
In the case of user defined K and X joints, no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
5.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
6.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is allowed.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically bypassed.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHORd commands. Interpolated joint classifications may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension appropriate to the joint
may be specified in the TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
The detailed joint punching shear unity check report provides information on joint geometric parameters,
type, acting chord and brace stresses, punching shear, Qf and Qq factors, punching shear allowable(s), and
unity checks. This may be requested using the PRINt UNCK command. The maximum unity check is flagged
for ease of reference. When an interpolatory joint type classification is being employed two sets of punching
shear allowables are reported, one for each joint classification type and these pertain to joints classified as
100% of the respective joint types.
Summary report 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each joint.
Summary report 4 comprises the three worst unity checks for each selected joint, together with the distribution
of unity check values. This distribution provides information on the number of unity checks exceeding an
upper limit (default 1.0), less than a lower limit (default 0.5), and the number in the mid range.
BEAMST commands applicable to the API punching stress command are given in API WSD NOMI Commands (p. 181) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example API WSD NOMI data file (p. 182).
Command
Description
Usage
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
Note
1
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181
Description
Usage
Note
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
PROF
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
Renumber a basic loadcase
QUAK
Loadcases with earthquake permitted overstress
EXTR
Loadcases allowing extreme loading overstress
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
182
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183
NO
UNI - Brace angle is less than 20 degrees so no unity checks are calculated
CHK
BTA
GT - ratio is greater than unity so no unity checks are calculated
ONE
N - If the first combined unity check exceeds unity (UCBN) then the second unity check cannot be calculated (UCCO)
D = Chord diameter
d = Brace diameter
R = Chord radius
T = Chord thickness
t = Brace thickness
= Ratio between the chord radius and thickness R/T
= Ratio between the thickness of the brace and chord t/T
= Angle between brace and chord
= Ratio between the diameter of the brace and chord d/D
g = K joint gap
184
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Commentary
Message
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185
Commentary
Message
186
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Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
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187
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
188
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
Spectral Constituents (p. 189). The spectral expansion codes indicating the signs chosen by BEAMST for both
the chord and brace member spectral stresses are appended to the loadcase number in the unity check report,
the code for the chord member being appended first.
In general the influence of both the chord and brace members acting stress is such that by maximising the
total acting chord and brace stresses the resulting unity check values are also maximised. In such cases
BEAMST adopts the chord and brace member spectral axial and local bending stresses of the same sign as
the static axial and local bending static stresses respectively. There is one condition in which the above does
not hold and this may be summarised as follows:
If a cross joint is specified two values of the axial components of Qq/Qu may be calculated depending on
whether the axial stress in the brace is compressive or tensile. If a large spectral axial stress is to be combined
with a small tensile static stress it is not obvious which spectral expansion leads to the worst unity check
value. A small compressive axial stress may produce a smaller allowable than a higher tensile stress. BEAMST
considers both possibilities and adopts a spectral expansion which leads to the worst unity check.
Notes
Spectral expansion Z represents the trivial case of static components only in a static-spectral loadcase.
API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API
LRFD MEMB)
API LRFD MEMB Overview
The API LRFD MEMB header command in BEAMST is used to request member stress checks to API LRFD
design recommendations (Ref. 3) for TUBE elements or other beam types that have been assigned tubular
sections in the structural analysis.
Unstiffened tubular local buckling, allowable stresses taking into account inelastic shell buckling, member
buckling and yield strength and unity checks are all performed to the API recommendations as detailed in
API LRFD Allowable Stresses and Unity Checks (p. 196). Amplification-reduction factors, Cmy and Cmz, are restricted to a maximum of 0.85 unless these values are user defined. TUBE element effective shear areas are
rigidly restricted to one half of the cross-section area.
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189
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
SECO
Search other sections in addition to those requested on the SECT command for maximum forces
and stresses
190
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
Command
Description
Usage
Note
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CB
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
ABNO
Abnormal loadcases
CASE
C 3
COMB
C 3
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
C 3
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
191
192
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
Code
Clause
AISC LRFD B7
AISC LRFD B7
(D.2.2-2a)
(D.2.2-2b)
(D.2.4-1)
(D.2.3-2a)
(D.2.3-2b)
(D.2.3-2c)
Description
shear yield
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193
The last two characters are always the same for tubular members.
The allowable stresses are followed by the nine utilisation values for axial, shear, torsion, bending (y,z and
resultant) and the combined yield and buckling checks.
The final column of the table, headed Messages, flags all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
These messages may be summarised as follows:
FAIL - Member has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter limits (flagged with THKF, DTRF, YIEL,
SLRF, SLRW or SHYF)
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
S - Elastic section modulus
Z - Plastic section modulus
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195
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Resistance factors
Commentary
Allowable stress
196
Commentary
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
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197
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Beam Shear
Torsional Shear
Commentary
Axial
198
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Shear
Pure Bending
Commentary
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Spectral Loadcases
In response spectrum analysis using modal superposition (Ref. 12) the structure displacements and forces
calculated represent estimated maxima and are, in general, unsigned (positive).
For the purpose of checking members to API a series of worst case static-spectral loadcase permutations
must be generated from the member unsigned spectral and signed static end forces.
The signs applied to the spectral end forces when generating a series of worst cases depend upon the unity
check being considered and details of the signs adopted/deduced are given in this section.
In BEAMST it is assumed that unity checks can be performed by considering the combination of static and
dynamic conditions to be purely a static condition.
Torsional Effects
The maximum torsional spectral load contribution at each beam section position is deduced in a similar
manner to the axial load contribution in 5.6.5.2.
Axial Unity Check and the Axial Component of Combined Stress Buckle and Yield Unity
Checks
The maximum axial spectral load contribution at each beam section position is calculated by assuming that
the spectral axial load distribution is linear with both member end loads having the same sign. The sign
adopted for these member spectral end loads is normally assumed to be of the same sign as the static axial
load (if it exists). In cases where the static loadcase is tensile it is possible that reversing the sign of the
spectral case may produce a net compressive load and, hence, a more onerous utilisation (since buckling
may become a problem). Under these conditions, the checks are repeated with the spectral axial stresses
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Allowable Member Stress Check (API LRFD MEMB)
reversed with respect to the static case, and the combination producing the highest utilisation of both
conditions is reported. The sign adopted may be ascertained from the utilisation code reported.
As in all checks performed by BEAMST, zero axial stress is treated as compressive (-ve sign, ASAS convention).
Local Axes Shear Unity Checks and Maximum Shear Unity Check for Tubular Sections
In order to be able to generate mid-member stresses an equivalent member spectral loading is required.
BEAMST assumes that the spectral loading consists of a linearly varying inertia loading on the member acting
in a rigid fashion (ie the load consists of that due to pure translation and rotation of the member). This inertia
loading is calculated by balancing it against the member signed spectral end forces (shears and moments).
For each local bending plane there are sixteen unique signed spectral end force (shears and moments) expansions/cases of which eight are symmetric, but of opposite sign, to the remaining eight. Each of these
sixteen signed spectral expansions is denoted by a single alphabetic letter code in BEAMST in the range AP as shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied
for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 152). For spectral loadcases only eight of the sixteen possible expansions need theoretically be considered but for static-spectral summations all sixteen have to be taken into
account.
The Shear Unity Checks are maximised by adopting the static-spectral signed expansion which maximises
the total acting shear at each beam section position. For tubular sections the combination of static-spectral
expansions which maximises the resultant acting shear on the cross section and the Maximum Shear Unity
Check.
Local Axes Pure Bending Unity Checks and Bending Components of Combined Stresses
Yield and Buckle Unity Checks
Pure bending checks may be based upon the combination of static-spectral expansions which maximise the
bending stress on the cross-section. For the combined buckle check, however, it is necessary to determine
the spectral expansion which maximises the ratio of acting to allowable stress as opposed to simply maximising the acting stress. In general this is necessary because the check includes the amplification reduction
factors Cmy and Cmz which are themselves functions of the signs and relative magnitudes of the member
total end forces.
BEAMST investigates each of the sixteen signed spectral expansions shown in Automatic signed Spectral Expansion codes for Member Checks and the respective signs applied for bending in the local Y-Y/Z-Z planes (p. 152)
for both of the local axes bending planes for each beam section position being considered and reports the
critical expansions at each section.
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD
HYDR)
API LRFD HYDR Overview
The API LRFD HYDR header command is used to request that hydrostatic pressure, allowable stresses,
member actions, unity checks and combined stress hydrostatic collapse unity checks be performed to API
design recommendations (Ref. 3) for TUBE elements, or other beam types that have been assigned tubular
sections in the structural analysis.
Members may be selected for processing by element and/or group. The member section dimensions may
be redefined using DESI commands to modify the diameter and/or thickness. Further commands are available
for defining topological characteristics of the members (EFFE, UNBR and ULCF) and specifying members that
are classified as secondary (SECO).
The SECT command may be used to define intermediate points along a member at which member forces
are to be evaluated, checked and reported. These are in addition to results automatically printed at the
member end points and positions of any step change in cross-section properties. Alternatively the SEARch
command may be used which requests that moments and stresses are to be evaluated at specified locations
along the beam but to be reported only if they give a maximum force, stress or utilisation. These extra locations are in addition to those selected using the SECT command.
The calculation of hydrostatic pressures requires a knowledge of each member position with respect to still
water level, tide height, wave height and length as well as details of the sea medium and various commands
in BEAMST exist to define these. First a reference frame has to be specified for the (sea) water axes and its
origin position in terms of the jacket reference frame defined (i.e. the global co-ordinate system used in the
previous ASAS analysis) using a MOVE command. (See BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5) and Ref. 14). This
command is optional and if omitted the water and jacket frame origins are taken to coincide. Having defined
the water axes origin, the relative orientations of water and jacket axes must follow. For example the jacket
axes may be inclined to the water axes if the jacket is being considered in a semi-submerged position. In
order to convert pressure heads to hydrostatic pressure the coefficient of gravity in the vertical downwards
(-Zwater) water direction is required. If the components of this coefficient of gravity are specified in terms
of the jacket axes then the water-jacket axes orientation and the coefficient of gravity can be specified in a
single operation. The GRAVity command in BEAMST is available for this purpose and is compulsory for the
API hydrostatic collapse check. The jacket and water axes are now spatially fixed and the only remaining
information required for calculation of water static head is that of mean water level, sea bed level, density
of seawater and tide height. This information is specified using the compulsory ELEVation command. For
completion a further command WAVE is available for specification of wave height and period, for the inclusion
of wave induced pressure components. This command is optional and if omitted the static water head only
is considered. For calculation
All elements selected for hydrostatic collapse post-processing are assumed to be unflooded and unstiffened
(i.e. axial length of cylinder between stiffening rings, diaphragms or end connections is equal to the element
length). This unstiffened length may be defined explicitly using a ULCF command. This command allows
ring stiffened tubulars to be checked for hydrostatic pressure collapse between the stiffening rings. The API
LRFD HYDRcode also includes some of the basic member interaction checks and use is made of the unbraced
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
lengths (UNBR) and effective length factors (EFFE) together with the amplification reduction factors Cmy
and Cmz. It is important, therefore, that these terms are supplied in a form compatible with an API LRFD
MEMB check.
The API LRFD standard utilises limit state checks with resistance coefficients to achieve the desired level of
safety. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined in
the code of practice (Section C, Loads), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for processing.
Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken (using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied to the pile
model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear pile analysis
has not been carried out, the design loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands utilising
the required load factors. For abnormal loading conditions the ABNO command may be used to set the
resistance coefficients to unity.
A detailed Unity Check Report incorporating beam section hydrostatic depth, member acting and allowable
stresses, membrane hoop and tension/compression collapse interaction unity checks is available and may
be requested using the PRIN UNCK command.
A summary report is also available.
Summary report number 1 is requested using the PRIN SUM1 command and gives the highest unity check
values for each element.
The BEAMST commands applicable to the API LRFD HYDR collapse Command data are given in API LRFD
HYDR Commands (p. 203) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example
data file is given in Example API LRFD HYDR data file (p. 204).
Command
Description
Usage
Note
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
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Description
Usage
Note
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
UNBR
ULCF
ABNO
Abnormal loadcases
CASE
COMB
CMBV
HYDR
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
* Horizontal plan bracing level -50 m
*
GROU 1
*
* Change tubular dimensions for one element
*
DESI TUB 1.0 0.05 ELEM 131
*
* Examine two wave cases
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave 1 + Dead Loads + Topside Loads
COMB 10 1.35 1 1.1 3 1.1 4
SELE 11 Extreme Wave 2 + Dead Loads + Topside Loads
COMB 11 1.35 2 1.1 3 1.1 4 ** Hydrostatic information
*
ELEVATION 0.0 -50.0 1.025
GRAVITY 0.0 0.0 -9.81
*
* Yield Value Constant for all elements
*
YIELD 3.5E05 ELEM ALL
*
* Main plan bracing members use effective length
* coefficient of 0.8
* Note that the element definition overrides the
* group definition irrespective of order
*
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 105 106
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 101 TO 104
EFFE 0.8 ELEM 107 TO 110
EFFE 1.0 GROU 1
*
* Out of plane unbraced lengths need redefining
*
UNBR FACT 2.0 1.0 ELEM 105 106
UNBR LENG 15.0 7.5 ELEM 102 103
*
* Override program computed moment amplification RF
*
CMY 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
CMZ 0.85 ELEM 102 103 105 106
*
* Check mid-span sections
*
SECT 0.5 ELEM ALL
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK PROP UNCK FORC STRE SUNI N MM SUM1 BOTH
END
STOP
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FAIL - Code check failure for this member - Unity check 1.0 or THKF, YIEL, DTRF
FXHA - Net axial stress fax less than half allowable elastic hoop stress and thus eqn (D.3.4-3) not checked
MGTR - Geometry parameter, used in the elastic hoop buckling stress, M, greater than 1.6 D/t
NOCK - Section is out of the water and is thus not checked for hydrostatic conditions
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
2.
3.
Wave crest is assumed to be directly above the beam section position under consideration.
4.
Hydrostatic pressure is only considered for beam section positions below the static water level (=mean
water level + tide height + storm surge height).
5.
The wave length, Lw, is adequately described by linear wave theory as follows:
(a) If
(shallow water)
then
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(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then
(c) Else Lw is obtained iteratively from
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
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API LRFD HYDR - Critical Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxe
Clause/(Eqn)
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API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Axial Elastic Local Buckling Stress Fxa
Clause/(Eqn)
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Allowable Inelastic Axial Local Buckling Stress Fca
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
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Commentary
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Hydrostatic Collapse Check (API LRFD HYDR)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Combined Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Check UCc
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
API LRFD HYDR - Combined Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure Unity Checks
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
API LRFD JOIN Overview
The API LRFD JOIN command requests that a nominal load joint check be performed to API LRFD design
recommendations (Ref. 3).
The joints may consist of TUBE elements and/or other beam types that have been assigned tubular sections
in the structural analysis.
Joints for post-processing are selected using the JOINt command in BEAMST which specifies the node
numbers at joint positions. All joints are assumed simple. Elements may be excluded from the check using
the SECOndary command. Yield stresses must be provided for both the chord and brace elements at a joint.
Joints are automatically classed as K, T or Y depending on the joint geometry as follows:
1.
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of more than two potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
1.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle greater than or equal
to 80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
3.
4.
In the case of user defined K and X joints, no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
5.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
6.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is allowed.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically bypassed.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHOR commands. Interpolated joint classifications may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension appropriate to the joint may
be specified in the TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
If load transfer across chords is to be checked at selected joints, additional chord data must be supplied
using the CHOR EFFE command.
The API LRFD standard utilises limit state checks with resistance coefficients to achieve the desired level of
safety. In keeping with this principle, applied loads must be multiplied by appropriate factors, as defined in
the code of practice (Section C, Loads), to develop the design load case combinations necessary for processing.
Where non-linear pile analysis is undertaken (using SPLINTER) the design loads must be applied to the pile
model to account for the increased non-linearity this introduces. In situations where a non-linear pile analysis
has not been carried out, the design loads may be produced using the COMB or CMBV commands utilising
the required load factors. For abnormal loading conditions the ABNO command may be used to set the
resistance coefficients to unity.
Two summary reports are available.
Summary report 1 details the load case producing the highest unity check for each chord/brace pair at a
joint.
Summary report 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each chord/brace pair
at a joint.
BEAMST commands applicable to the API LRFD nominal load command are given in API LRFD JOIN Commands (p. 215) below and are described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data
file is given in Example API LRFD JOIN data file (p. 216).
Command
Description
Usage
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
Note
1
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Description
Usage
GROU
ELEM
SECT
Note
SECO
Secondary members to be ignored in checks
DESI
GAPD
PROF
STUB
ABNO
Abnormal loadcases
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
CHORd parameters are compulsory if load transfer across chord checks at cross joints are to be undertaken.
3.
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
COMPONENT PILE JACA
OPTION GOON
UNIT KN M
END
API LRFD ED1 JOIN
*
* Investigate all joints in the model except where
* only one element is connected
*
JOINT ALL
NOT JOINTS 1315 1355 5110 5150
*
* Ignore dummy elements
*
SECONDARY ELEMENTS 801 802
*
* Change tubular dimensions for one element
*
DESI TUB 1.0 0.05 ELEM 131
*
* Examine two wave cases
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave 1 + Dead Loads + Live Loads
COMB 10 1.35 1 1.1 3 1.1 4
SELE 11 Extreme Wave 2 + Dead Loads + Live Loads
COMB 11 1.35 2 1.1 3 1.1 4
*
* Yield Value Constant for all elements
*
YIELD 3.5E05 ELEM ALL
*
* Specify the chord elements for one of the joints
*
CHORD 1130 122 123
*
* Request cross chord check for one X joint
*
TYPE.OF.JOINT X
CHORD EFFE
*
* Set some joints as being Y
*
TYPE.OF.JOINT 1130 Y 102
TYPE.OF.JOINT 1130 Y 103
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK UNCK SUNI N MM SUM3 SUM1
END
STOP
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FAIL - Joint/brace pair has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter checks (flagged with BETA,
NOCK, NOCY or NOJN).
NOJN - No joint strength check possible. Brace or chord yield value zero or negative
NOCK - No chord brace pairs to check, greater than unity or < 200
XCHK - Joint has been defined as an X or DT, but chord effective length and nominal thickness data
has not been supplied and load transfer across chord check has not been undertaken
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
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Message
API LRFD JOIN - Combined Axial and Bending Unity Checks UCco
Clause/(Eqn)
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API Load and Resistance Factor Design Nominal Load Check (API LRFD JOIN)
Commentary
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If all the extreme fibre stresses in the chord are in tension Qf defaults to unity. To check if compression
produces a more onerous condition the sign of the axial stress is reversed and Qf recomputed if overall
compression is achieved.
If a cross joint is specified two values of the axial component of Qu may be calculated depending on
whether the axial stress in the brace is compressive or tensile. If a large spectral axial stress is to be
combined with a small static stress it is not obvious which spectral expansion leads to the worst unity
check value. BEAMST considers both possibilities and adopts a spectral expansion which leads to the
worst unity check.
Notes
Spectral expansion Z represents the trivial case of static components only in a static-spectral loadcase.
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Local cross-section checks, which are performed at both element ends, at each change of section for
stepped beams and at each section defined by the user with the SECT command.
2.
Overall buckling checks which are carried out once for each requested element.
Element selection may be done on a group or element number basis using the GROU and ELEM commands
respectively.
Loadcases from the preceding structural analysis may be selected for processing using either the CASE
command or COMB and CMBV commands if combinations are required. Acting and ultimate stresses/forces
are calculated and design checks are performed at element ends, at each change of section for stepped
beams and at each user requested section position defined by the SECT or SEAR commands. If the SEAR
command is used, the additional section forces and stresses and resulting unity checks are not reported
unless the respective maxima are found to exist at such sections.
Various member and section properties may be defined using the DESI, PROF, YIEL, EFFE, UNBR and ULCF
commands. The units of all input data must be defined using the UNIT command (unless ASAS units are
operational).
Output reports are requested using the PRIN command. One set of output reports is printed for each element.
Member property, force and stress reports are requested using the PROP, FORC and STRE subcommands
respectively. The unity check report is requested with the UNCK subcommand. Forces are reported in the
local section and global buckling checks and output units may be specified using the FUNI subcommand.
Four summary report files are available with the BS5950 code check:
Summary report 1 is requested with the PRIN SUM1 command and comprises the highest yield and buckle
combined stress unity checks and their components for each selected element over all loadcases selected.
Summary report 3 is requested with the PRIN SUM3 command and comprises the highest unity check for
each selected loadcase for each element selected.
Summary report 4 is requested with the PRIN SUM4 command and provides the three worst unity checks
for each selected group, together with the distribution of unity check values. The distribution provides information on the number of unity checks exceeding an upper limit (default 1.0), less than a lower limit (default
0.5), and the number in the mid-range.
Summary report 5 is requested with the PRIN SUM5 command and provides information about the highest
member forces and moments for each selected group. For each force type the worst four values are reported,
together with the element number, loadcase and position along the element.
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Description
Usage
Note
BS59 MEMB
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
Search other sections in addition to those requested on the SECT command for maximum forces
and stresses
SIMP
MFAC
MLTF
Define L.T.B. moment reduction factor for overall
buckling check
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factor
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
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2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubulars unless Sections have been used for all non-tubular elements to be processed in the preceding analyses.
4.
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A = Cross-sectional area
Aw - Web area
ZJ - Elastic modulus (major axis)
ZN - Elastic modulus (minor axis)
SJ - Plastic modulus (major axis)
SN - Plastic modulus (minor axis)
IJ - Moment of inertia (major axis)
IN - Moment of inertia (minor axis)
AJ - Shear area (major axis)
AN - Shear area (minor axis)
LUNBY - Unbraced member lengths in the local y axis
LUNBZ - Unbraced member lengths in the local z axis
LULCF - Unbraced length of the member compression flange
ZFJ - Elastic modulus (major axis) ignoring webs
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Message
Section Classification
Message
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232
Section Classification
Message
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Section Classification
Message
If > 2
If 0 < < 2
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233
Section Classification
Message
If < 0
TWEB
234
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Section Classification
Message
Thin Web
Message
Message
Message
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235
Message
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Checks, Low Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
Message
236
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Message
BS59 MEMB - Major Axis Shear Unity Checks, High Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
Message
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238
Message
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240
Message
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BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Checks, Low Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
Message
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241
Message
BS59 MEMB - Minor Axis Shear Unity Checks, High Shear Load
Clause/(Eqn)
Message
242
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244
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246
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248
Message
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250
Message
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Message
Message
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251
Message
Message
252
Message
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254
Message
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Message
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Message
256
Message
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258
Message
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259
Message
260
Overall Buckling
Message
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Overall Buckling
Message
Message
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261
Message
H.3
Message
For slender webs, a moment capacity of the web is computed by adopting the interaction formula given in appendix H3.2. For a given applied shear a proportion of the
applied longitudinal loading is calculated which satisfies
the interaction formula. The derivation of this proportion
of loading is as follows:
262
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263
Message
264
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Description
Usage
DS449 MEMB
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
Note
1
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Description
Usage
Note
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
ULCF
MCOF
UNBR
Unbraced lengths of element
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
266
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4.
5.
comb a)
comb b)
comb c)
comb d)
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267
RELS - Relative slenderness ratio exceeds unity for the local buckling code check
CONS - The distance between restraints (unbraced length) is less than the value specified in D.1.2.3 (Ref.
9) for hydrostatic overpressure and could lead to overdimensioning of the section
NOHC - No hydrostatic check was possible because the parameter limits for the k2 coefficient were exceeded
Buckling checks are not performed when members are in tension. When the axial force is tensile the message
MEMBER IS IN TENSION appears in the total buckle unity check report. When the extreme fibre stress is
tensile a + is placed after any critical stress or unity check value in which buckling is not considered.
A - Cross-sectional area
268
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Message
270
Message
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Message
Total Buckling
Message
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Total Buckling
Message
Message
272
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Message
Message
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274
Message
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Message
Message
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Message
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters, BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle greater than or equal
to 80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. Two non-perpendicular braces on the same
side of the chord are classified as K joints.
3.
4.
In the case of user defined K and X joints, no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
5.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
6.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is allowed.
276
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Description
Usage
Note
DS449 JOIN
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
GROU
ELEM
SECT
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
PROF
GAPD
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
1
C
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277
Description
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
278
comb a)
comb b)
comb c)
comb d)
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NO
UNI - The joint geometry does not satisfy the criteria specified in D.2.3 (Ref. 9)
CHK
D - Chord diameter
R - Chord radius
T - Chord thickness
d - Brace diameter
t - Brace thickness
g - K joint gap
A - Cross-sectional area of the brace
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279
280
Joint Checks
Message
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Message
Message
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Message
282
Joint Capacity
Message
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Message
283
Description
Usage
Note
NPD MEMB
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
284
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1
C
Description
Usage
Note
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
Search other sections in addition to those requested on the SECT command for maximum forces
and stresses
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
PHI
UNBR
Unbraced lengths of element
ULCF
Unbraced length of compression flange
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
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285
2.
3.
4.
Compulsory for non-tubulars unless sections have been used for all elements to be processed in the
preceding analyses.
5.
286
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CL-4 - Member belongs to design class 4 of NS3472, Figure 5.2.2. This message appears if:
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287
A - Cross-sectional area
Ay - Y shear area
Az - Z shear area
Iz - Sectional inertia, major axis
Iy - Sectional inertia, minor axis
Ix - Sectional inertia, torsion
Sz - mMjor axis elastic section modulus
Sy - Minor axis elastic section modulus
ry - Radius of gyration about y axis
rz - Radius of gyration about z axis
288
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NPD MEMB - Methods of von Mises stress calculation for NPD code checks
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289
290
I-Sections
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291
NPD MEMB - NPD and NS3472 Ultimate Limit State Compliance Checks
292
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The design load effects are member forces or stresses resulting from a combination of design loads factored
using partial load coefficients as specified in NS3479 (Ref. 8.).
Cross sections are assumed to be class 1, 2 or 3 as defined in NS 3472 clause 5.2.2.1. If a cross-section is of
class 4 a message is printed in the local unity check report to signify that local buckling may occur before
yielding in the most extreme fibre.
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293
294
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296
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Global Buckling
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297
298
Global Buckling
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Global Buckling
Torsional Buckling
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299
Torsional Buckling
300
Lateral Buckling
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Lateral Buckling
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301
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters, BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
302
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All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (smaller included angle greater than or equal
to 80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. Two non-perpendicular braces on the same
side of the chord are classified as K joints.
3.
4.
In the case of user defined K and X joints, no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
5.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
6.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is allowed.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically bypassed.
A punching shear unity check report may be requested by including UNCK in the PRIN command. The report
gives details of geometric parameters, acting and critical stresses and unity check values.
Summary report 3 comprises the highest unity check for each selected loadcase for each joint.
Summary report 4 comprises the three worst unity checks for each selected joint, together with the distribution
of unity check values. The distribution provides information on the number of unity checks
The BEAMST commands applicable to the NPD JOIN command are given in NPD JOIN Commands (p. 303)
below and described in detail in BEAMST Command Reference (p. 5). An example data file is given in Example
NPD ED92 JOIN data file (p. 304).
Command
Description
Usage
NPD JOIN
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
JOIN
CHOR
SECO
DESI
PROF
STBU
CASE
Note
1
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303
Description
Usage
Note
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
304
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RNGE - The limits of validity of the punching shear formulae have been exceeded
D - Chord diameter
R - Chord radius
T - Chord thickness
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305
306
Characteristic Capacities
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Characteristic Capacities
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307
Characteristic Capacities
Unity Checks
308
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Description
Usage
Note
NORS MEMB
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
SECO
Secondary members
1
C
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309
Description
Usage
Note
DESI
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
Loadcases to be reported
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
310
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311
312
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Commentary
Code
Message
Design Strength
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313
Commentary
Code
Message
Column axial
compressive
strength, fc
314
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Beam Shear
Torsional Shear
Material Factor, m
Clause/(Eqn)
Commentary
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315
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Commentary
Axial
Shear
316
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Pure Bending
Commentary
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317
Commentary
Code
Message
318
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319
Description
Usage
NORS HYDR
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
Note
1
BRIG
Selects rigorous buoyancy method for calculation
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
DESI
PROF
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
320
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Description
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
321
322
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323
2.
3.
Wave crest is assumed to be directly above the beam section position under consideration.
4.
Hydrostatic pressure is only considered for beam section positions below the static water level (=mean
water level + tide height + storm surge height).
5.
The wave length, Lw, is adequately described by linear wave theory as follows:
(shallow water)
(a) If
then
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then
(c) Else Lw is obtained iteratively from
324
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
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325
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
326
Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
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Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
328
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Commentary
Message
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329
Commentary
Message
330
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The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal outside diameters then BEAMST will consider the
two with the largest wall thickness as the chord members and will check, for each loadcase, the most
highly stressed of these against all other brace members.
3.
In the case of more than two potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses the
first two encountered will be considered as the chord member as shown in the Cross Check Report.
4.
If the CHORd command is used to specify a chord member, this will alone be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being considered.
BEAMST selects simple joint (i.e., brace - chord pairs) types as follows:
1.
Brace members perpendicular to the chord members (i.e., smaller included angle greater than or
equal 80 degrees) as T joints.
2.
Single non-perpendicular braces are classified as Y joints. (The smaller included angle is less than 80
degrees.)
3.
K joints are specified by identifying both braces forming the joint. Note that the NORSOK code assumes
that the axial loads in the braces are balanced for K joint action. Each brace to be checked should be
identified as well as the other brace that carries the balancing load.
4.
5.
In the case of user specified K or X joints no search is performed for a second brace member in the
same brace-chord plane as the first brace.
6.
Brace members specified on joint TYPE commands are automatically selected as braces in the above
brace-chord member selection process.
7.
No conflict between CHORd command specified members and brace members specified on joint TYPE
commands is permitted.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically by-passed.
The user may override these classifications using the TYPE and CHORd commands. Interpolated joint classification may be defined using the TYPE command. For K joints a gap dimension may be specified in the
TYPE command. A default gap dimension may be specified using the GAPD command.
Two summary reports are available:
Summary report 1 details the loadcase producing the highest unity check for each chord/brace pair at a
joint.
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331
Description
Usage
NORS JOIN
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
Note
1
SECO
Secondary members to be ignored in checks
DESI
PROF
GAPD
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
332
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333
ELEM 744
ELEM 757
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 961
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 964
MEMB - Joint utilisation exceeds brace utilisation assuming that the latter is conservativelytaken as
unity. More detail check is required, which is not currently undertaken by the program.
NOCK - No check has been carried out, due to one of the following error messages
* Error message
+ Warning message
334
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NORS JOIN Nomenclature - Allowable Forces, Moments, Stresses and Unity Checks
fy - Chord yield stress
fyb - Brace yield stress
NRd - Allowable braceaxial force
MRd - Allowable brace moment
Px - Allowable axial force for load transfer across chords
UCax - Axial force unity check
UCip - In-plane bending unity check
UCop - Out-of-plane bending unity check
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335
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
For K joints
Gap factor
336
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Commentary
Message
Qu is obtained from:
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337
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
Commentary
Message
338
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Description
Usage
ISO MEMB
UNIT
Note
1
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339
Description
Usage
Note
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
SEAR
SECO
Secondary members
DESI
DENT
PROF
EFFE
Effective lengths/factors
CMY/CMZ
UNBR
ULCF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
340
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341
342
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ELEM 581
ELEM 681
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343
344
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345
Code
Clause
Description
axial tension
(13.2-5)
(13.2-6)
(13.2-17)
(13.2-13)
bending Z
(13.2-14)
bending -
(13.2-15)
bending -
Bending - C = (13.2-13) bending The last two characters are always the same for tubular members.
The final columns of the table, headed Messages, flag all lines of results where any of the checks have failed.
These messages may be summarised as follows:
346
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FAIL - Member has a utilisation exceeding unity or fails parameter limits (flagged with THKF, DTRF, YIEL,
DENF or SHYF)
347
Commentary
Code
Message
Design Strength
348
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.2-1)
Where t = 1.05
Commentary
13.1
If
.............................................
DTRF
THKF
(13.2-10)
Characteristic local buckling strength, fcl
If
then
(13.2-8)
SHEL
(13.2-9)
else
Column slenderness parameter,
(13.2-7)
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349
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
If
(13.2-5)
then
(13.2-6)
else
(13.2-3)
Where c = 1.18
Commentary
If
(13.2-13)
then
If
then
(13.2-14)
If
then
(13.2-15)
(13.2-11)
350
Where b = 1.05
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
Beam Shear
(13.2-16)
v = 1.05
Torsional Shear
(13.2-18)
Commentary
Axial
(13.2-4)
fa compressive
(13.2-2)
fa tensile
Shear
(13.2-17)
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351
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.2-12)
Commentary
UCy2 = 0.0
Axial compression and bending
(13.3-7)
(13.3-8)
Design axial local buckling resistance, Fcl
UCy2 = 0.0
Euler buckling strengths, Fey, Fez
352
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Commentary
Code
Message
(13.3-9)
(13.3-6)
Commentary
If
If
Code
.............................................
Message
DENF
.............................................
DENF
Commentary
Code
Message
Design Strength
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353
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.7-1)
Where td = 1.05
Commentary
13.1
If
.............................................
DTRF
THKF
(13.2-10)
Characteristic local buckling strength, fcl
If
(13.2-8)
then
(13.2-9)
else
SHEL
Column slenderness parameter,
(13.7-10)
354
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
If
(13.7-7)
then
else
(13.7-8)
If
(13.7-5)
fcd = fcdo
(13.7-6)
else
Euler buckling strength of dented member, fed
(13.7-3)
Where cd = 1.18
Commentary
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355
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
If
(13.2-13)
then
If
(13.2-14)
then
If
then
(13.2-15)
For +ve bending (I.e stress at dent is tensile)
(13.7-16)
Where b = 1.05
For -ve bending (I.e stress at dent is compressive)
(13.7-20)
Commentary
Beam Shear
356
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Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.2-16)
vd = 1.05
Torsional Shear
(13.2-18)
Commentary
Axial
fa compressive
(13.7-2)
fa tensile
(13.7-4)
Shear
(13.7-17)
(13.7-22)
(13.7-23)
SHYF
(13.7-19)
Pure Bending
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357
Commentary
Code
Message
Code
Message
(13.7-19)
(13.7-21)
(13.7-27)
Commentary
UCy2 = 0.0
Axial tension, -ve bending and neutral bending
(13.7-26)
UCy2 = 0.0
(13.7-27)
Axial compression, +ve bending and neutral bending
358
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Commentary
Code
Message
(13.7-32)
(13.7-33)
Design axial local buckling resistance of the dented
member, Fcld
(13.3-5)
(13.3-6)
Fe = min (Fey,Fez)
Axial compression, +ve bending and neutral bending
(13.7-34)
(13.7-35)
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359
360
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Description
Usage
ISO HYDR
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
MCOF
ELEV
MOVE
WAVE
GRAV
Note
1
BRIG
Selects rigorous buoyancy method for calculation
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
DESI
PROF
ULCF
CASE
Loadcases to be reported
COMB
CMBV
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361
Description
HYDR
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
362
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363
364
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365
366
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FAIL - Code check failure for this member - Unity check 1.0 or THKF, YIEL, DTRF
MGTR - Geometry parameter, used in the elastic hoop buckling stress, , greater than 1.6 D/t
NOCK - Section is out of the water and is thus not checked for hydrostatic conditions
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367
368
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2.
3.
Wave crest is assumed to be directly above the beam section position under consideration.
4.
Hydrostatic pressure is only considered for beam section positions below the static water level (=mean
water level + tide height + storm surge height).
5.
The wave length, Lw, is adequately described by linear wave theory as follows:
(shallow water)
(a) If
then
(b) Else if
and
(deep water)
then
(c) Else Lw is obtained iteratively from
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369
Commentary
Message
where
Hw = wave height
z = depth below static water surface
The design head induced hoop stress is given by
(13.2-22)
(13.2-20)
where
Commentary
(13.1)
DTRF
If t < 6mm
370
Message
THKF
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Commentary
Message
If
then
If
then
If
then
If
then
(13.2-26)
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371
Commentary
(13.2-25)
If
(13.2-24)
(13.2-23)
Message
then
else
Commentary
Message
(13.2-31)
where h = 1.25
Commentary
Message
where
Design tensile resistance in presence of external hydrostatic
pressure
372
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Commentary
Message
(13.4.8)
where t = 1.05
Design bending resistance in presence of external hydrostatic
pressure
(13.2-9)
where fm is computed according to equations (13.2-13) to
(13.2-15). See ISO member checks for details.
b = 1.05
(13.2-10)
(13.2-11)
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373
Commentary
Message
(13.2-19)
where
fcl is computed according to equations (13.2-8) to (13.2-9).
See ISO member checks for details.
fcle is computed according to equations (13.2-10). See ISO
member checks for details.
c = 1.18
If
(13.2-21)
then
Commentary
Message
374
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Commentary
Message
(13.2-20)
(13.2-19)
where
(13.2-15)
then
(13.2-16)
else
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375
Commentary
Message
If also
then
(13.2-21)
376
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Commentary
Message
If
(13.2-20)
(13.2-19)
If also
then
(13.2-21)
(13.2-19)
If
then
(13.2-21)
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377
The chord member is the member with the greatest outside diameter.
2.
If two or more potential chord members have equal diameters; BEAMST will consider the two with the
largest wall thicknesses and for each loadcase selected will check the one most heavily stressed against
all brace members.
3.
In the case of two or more potential chord members with equal diameters and wall thicknesses, the
first two encountered as shown in the Cross Check Report will be considered.
4.
If the CHOR command is used to specify a chord member, this alone will be considered. If two chords
are specified, the most heavily stressed chord will be checked against all brace members for each
loadcase selected.
5.
All members not selected as chord members are treated as brace members (unless defined as secondary),
with each brace-chord pair being checked.
A joint is formed of a maximum of 3 nodes connected by valid chord members. These nodes must form a
straight line and must be within a distance of D/4. This process is performed automatically, however, if required
can be specified manually using the CHOR command.
All valid members that form the joing are allocated to a number of planes. A tolerance of +/- 15 exists to
identify braces belonging to the same plane. Each member in each plane is then assessed to obtain unity
factors for axial and bending forces in addition to an interaction ratio to account for the combination of
such forces.
BEAMST automatically decides on the type of joint by assessing the balancing axial force in each valid brace
member forming the joint. Firstly any load paths that form a K joint are assessed; it can be the case that in
a traditional KT Joint shape that this will result in 2 K joints with different gaps between members.
All forces that transfer acrross the joint to an opposite brace will form X Joints; again it is possible that
multiple X Joint load paths co-exist within one joint; in this case these will be calculated with the appropriate
offsets. Finally, any shear that exists in a jont will be accounted for by the provision of a Y joint type. The
final joint capacity will be calculated using the proportion of axial load that is allocated to each of the joint
types.
BEAMST will only check selected joints in which two or more incident members are tubular and of circular
section. All other selected joints are automatically bypassed.
378
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Description
Usage
Note
ISO JOIN
UNIT
YIEL
Yield stress
JOIN
TYPE
CHOR
SECO
DESI
GAPD
PROF
STUB
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
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379
Description
TITL
END
Usage
Note
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
380
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ELEM 586
ELEM 785
ELEM 786
ELEM 501
ELEM 601
ELEM 745
ELEM 743
ELEM 744
ELEM 757
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 961
ELEM 962
ELEM 963
ELEM 964
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381
MEMB - Joint utilisation exceeds brace utilisation assuming that the latter is conservativelytaken as
unity. More detail check is required, which is not currently undertaken by the program.
NOCK - No check has been carried out, due to one of the following error messages
* Error message
+ Warning message
382
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Commentary
Message
(14.3-9)
If
NOCY
where
= 0.030 brace axial force = 0.045 brace inbending = 0.021
brace outbending
(14.3-10)
383
Commentary
Message
C2 = 43
Commentary
(14.3.3)
If > 0.6
Message
then
else Q = 1.0
For K joints
Gap factor
If
then
elseif
then
where
Out-of-plane bending:
384
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Commentary
Message
In axial tension:
In axial compression:
else
In axial compression:
Notes and definitions of terms as per AISC LRFD MEMB Commands (p. 94)
Commentary
Message
(14.3-1)
(14.3-2)
where m = 1.05
For Y and X joints where a joint can is specified:
(14.3-11)
where
PRdCan from (14.3-1) is based on chord can geometric properties
Tn = Nominal chord member thickness
Tc = Chord can thickness
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385
Commentary
Message
If 0.9
then
else
Lc = Effective total length
Commentary
Message
PNT9
FAIL
Commentary
Message
(14.3-12)
(14.3-13)
If
................................................
UB = Utilisation of the brace at the joint end and conservatively taken as 1.0
MEMB
z = 1.17
386
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Commentary
Message
Description
Usage
Note
POST
UNIT
GROU
Groups to be reported
ELEM
Elements to be reported
SECT
Sections to be reported
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387
Description
Usage
Note
DESI
PROF
CASE
COMB
CMBV
SELE
SPEC
RENU
PRIN
Reports to be printed
TEXT
TITL
END
Usage
C Compulsory command, but see notes below where applicable.
Notes
1.
2.
3.
Compulsory for non-tubulars unless sections have been used for all elements to be processed in the
preceding analyses.
4.
388
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Section Descriptions
* Define section properties for some elements that
* used areas and inertia values in the ASAS run
* Section dimensions in mm
*
UNITS MM
DESI RHS 900.0 400.0 40.0 ELEMENT 851 TO 854 861
: 931 TO 942
*
* Switch units back to M
*
UNITS M
*
* Examine two load cases including jacket loading
*
SELE 10 Extreme Wave 1 + Dead Loads + Topside Loads
COMB 10 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0 4
SELE 11 Extreme Wave 2 + Dead Loads + Topside Loads
COMB 11 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0 4
*
* Check mid-span and quarter point sections
*
SECT 0.25 0.5 0.75 ELEM ALL
*
* Ask explicitly for all reports
*
PRIN XCHK PROP FORC STRE SUNI N MM
END
STOP
BEAMST Appendices
Section Descriptions
This appendix gives details of the dimensional data required to define each section type available in BEAMST
and also the equations used to calculate flexural properties and member stresses. The following nomenclature
is used:
Dimensional:
d = Section depth (in local Y direction)
b = Section width (in local Z direction) t, tw, tf = Thickness; wall, web, flange
D, ID, Dn = Tube diameters; outer, inner, nominal
ry, rz, rt = Radii of gyration; bending Y, bending Z, torsional
Flexural:
Ax, Ay, Az = Section area; cross section, Y and Z shear areas
Ix, Iy, Iz = Sectional inertias; torsional, minor and major bending
Acting Forces and Stresses:
Fx = Axial force
Mx, My, Mz = Moments; torsion, minor (Y) bending, major (Z) bending
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389
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
390
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Section Descriptions
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391
See BEAMST DS44 Theory (p. 264) for Design Load Effects for DS449 checks.
See API Allowable - Acting Punching Shear Vp (p. 176) for calculations of acting punching shear for API
punching shear and brace end fatigue checks."
392
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Section Descriptions
Note: ry, rz and rT are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
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393
Note: ry, rz and rT are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
394
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Section Descriptions
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
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395
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
396
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Section Descriptions
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
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397
CHAN - ChannelSection
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
398
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Section Descriptions
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Other flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
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399
Note: ry and rz are optional. If omitted from the DESI or PROF commands they are calculated automatically.
Flexural Property Formulae:
Flexural properties taken from ASAS data or from DESI or PROF commands.
400
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Structural Description
Member Forces
Structural Description
The complete structural data for the current structure (as defined in the preliminary data) is saved irrespective of the sub-set of members/joints specified in the BEAMST data. This enables the results to
be presented on the structure as a whole and allows further results to be appended to the model. This
data includes the node numbers, associated coordinates and element data.
b.
Member Forces
Member forces (and moments) are written to the plot file when the FORC option is included in the
PRIN command. Results are written for all processed elements at the element end points and any intermediate sections at which forces are evaluated. All the results are written for each element in turn,
each individual result being identified by an abbreviated name. These identifiers are given in Member
Force Abbreviations/Force Numbers (p. 401).
Result Type
FEMVIEW Abbreviation
TEN_COMP
Shear in local Y
SHEAR_Y
Shear in local Z
SHEAR_Z
Torsion (MX)
TORSION
MOMENT_Y
MOMENT_Z
2
PRIN_SHR
2
PRIN_MOM
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
Axial
AXIAL
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401
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
AISC ALLO
TUB
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
WF
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
RHS
Pure Bending y
P.BEND_Y
BOX
Pure Bending z
P.BEND_Z
FBI
Maximum Shear
MX.SHEAR
Combined Buckle
CMB.BUCK
Combined Yield
CMB.YLD
True C.S.R
TRUE.CSR
Axial
AXIAL
Shear
SHEAR
Torsion
TORSION
Pure Bending y
P.BEND_Y
Pure Bending z
P.BEND_Z
Resultant Bending
RES.BEND
Combined Buckle
CMB.BUCK
Combined Yield 1
CMB.YLD1
Combined Yield 2
CMB.YLD2
True C.S.R
TRUE.CSR
10
Axial
AXIAL
TUB
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
WF
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
RHS
Pure Bending Y
P.BEND_Y
BOX
Pure Bending Z
P.BEND_Z
FBI
Combined Yield
YIELD
Axial Compression
AX.COMP
21
Axial tension
AX.TENS
22
Hoop
HOOP
23
Combined Compression
CMB.COMP
24
Combined Tension
CMB.TENS
25
Axial
AXIAL
21
Hoop
HOOP
22
Yield
YIELD
23
Buckle
BUCKLE
24
Combined Compression
CMB.COMP
25
Combined Tension
CMB.TENS
26
Axial Tension
AX.TENS
11
Pure Bending z
P.BEND_Z
12
TUB
TUB
BOX
API LRFD HYDR
TUB
BOX
BS59 MEMB
402
TUB
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NPD MEMB
NPD MEMB
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
WF
Pure Bending y
P.BEND_Y
13
RHS
CMB.AX+B
14
BOX
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
15
FBI
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
16
Buckle y
BUCKLE_Y
17
Buckle z
BUCKLE_Z
18
Torsional Buckling
TOR.BUCK
19
COMP+MOB
20
WF
Direct
DIRECT
31
RHS
Shear y
SHEAR_Y
32
BOX
Shear z
SHEAR_Z
33
FBI
Von-Mises
VON.MISE
34
Yield
YIELD
35
CMB.AX+B
36
CMB.AX+P
37
CMB.AX+TS
38
CMB.AX+BS
39
TUB
NPD MEMB
TUB, WF,
RHS, BOX
CMB.M.BK
40
NPD MEMB
TUB
Maximum Buckle
MX.BUCKL
41
Von-Mises
VON.MISE
71
Shear
SHEAR
72
Buckling
BUCKLING
73
Local Buckling
LCL.BUCK
74
Hydrostatic Buckling
HYD.BUCK
75
Combined Buckling
CMB.BUCK
76
CMB.AX+B
77
CMB.AX+P
78
Axial
AXIal
51
In-plane Bending
IP.BEND
52
Out-of-plane Bending
OP.BEND
53
Combined Bending
CMB.BEND
54
CMB.AX+B
55
Joint Check
JOINT.CK
56
Axial
AXIAL
51
DS44 MEMB
TUB
FBI
TUB
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403
Member
Type
Unity Check
FEMVIEW
Abbreviation
Check
Number
TUB
In-plane Bending
IP.BEND
52
Out-of-plane Bending
OP.BEND
53
Not used
NPD JOIN
NORS MEMB
TUB
TUB
54
CMB.AX+B
55
Joint Check
JOINT.CK
56
CROSS.CK
56
Axial
AXIAL
61
CMB.AX+B
62
Axial
AXIAL
61
Shear
SHEAR
62
Torsion
TORSION
63
Pure Bending y
Y_BEND
64
Pure Bending z
Z_BEND
65
Resultant Bending
RES.BEND
66
Not used
NORS HYDR
NORS PUNC
TUB
TUB
ALL
67
YIELD_1
68
YIELD_2
69
CMB_SH+B
70
CMB_S+B+T
71
Hoop
HOOP_UC
81
UCC1
82
UCC2
83
UCC3
84
COMB_UC
85
Axial
AXIAL
111
In-plane Bending
IP_BEND
112
Out-of-plane Bending
OP_BEND
113
CMB_AX+B
114
Check Envelope
CK_ENVLP
0,50*
404
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407
Description
Usage
TOPO
END
COOR
MATE
FORC
In addition to the above commands the DESI command (with PROF if required) is also mandatory to define
the element cross-section dimensions.
408
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BEAMST References
The header command for each command set consists of a keyword defining the design code, a second
keyword (or sub-header) defining the particular requirements from the code and in some instances further
keywords defining editions, amendments and check classes.
BEAMST References
Ref.
1
Ref.
2
Ref.
3
Ref.
4
Ref.
5
Ref.
6
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Acts, regulations and provisions for the petroleum activity, January 1992.
Ref.
7
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409
Ref.
9
Ref.
10
Ref.
11
WS Atkins Engineering Software, ASAS User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
12
Ref.
13
WS Atkins Engineering Software, LOCO User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
14
WS Atkins Engineering Software, WAVE User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
15
WS Atkins Engineering Software, APCA User Manual, Version 12, February 2000.
Ref.
16
Ref.
17
Structural Stability Research Council, Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal
Structures, Ed. B.G. Johnston, J. Wiley and Sons, Third Edition, 1976.
Ref.
18
Ref.
19
Ref.
20
Horne MR, Morris LJ, Plastic Design of Low-rise Frames, CONSTRADO Monograph,
1981.
Ref.
21
Neal BG, Plastic Methods of Structural Analysis, 3rd Editon, Chapman & Hall, 1977.
Ref.
22
EEC International Committee for the development and study of tubular construction,
Construction with Hollow Steel Sections.
Ref.
23
American Institute of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, AISC LRFD, Second Edition, December 1st,
1993.
Ref.
24
NORSOK Standard N-004, Design of Steel Structures, (1st Edition, December 1998).
Ref.
25
American Institute of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Steel Buildings, AISC LRFD, Third Edition, Dec 27, 1999 with errata
Sept 4, 2001
Ref.
26
Ref.
27
International Standard ISO 19902, 'Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Fixed
Steel Offshore Structures', 1st Edition, Dec 2007
410
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