Part B

21.

SLIP

Slip is define as the difference between the synchronous speed ( Ns) and actual speed of rotor i.e.
motor (N) expressed as a fraction of the synchronous speed ( Ns ). This is also called absolute slip or
fractional slip and is denoted ass.

Thus
N N
s= S
NS
Slip Frequency is defined as the product of slip and supply frequency fr = sf
22.

Crawling

Squirrel cage type, sometimes exhibit a tendency to run stably at speeds as low as 1/7 the
of their synchronous speed, because of the harmonics this phenomenon is known as crawling.
23.

Condition for maximum torque in induction motor

The rotor resistance and rotor reactance should be equal for developing maximum torque
i.e. R2 = s X2 where s is the slip under running conditions.
R2 = X2 under starting conditions
24.

Slip Ring Induction motor having high torque

Slip ring induction motor has

25.

The advantages of field rotating systems

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)

Form Stationary connection between external circuit and system of conditions

enable the machine to handle large amount of volt - ampere as high as 500 MVA.
The relatively small amount of power required for field system can be easily
supplied to the rotating field system via slip rings and brushes.
More space is available in the stator part of the machine for providing more
insulation to the system of conductors.
Insulation to stationary system of conductors is not subjected to mechanical
stresses due to centrifugal action
Stationary system of conductors can easily be braced to prevent deformation.
It is easy to provide cooling arrangement

26. Here
The coil span falls = (2/9)*180o = 40o
0
i.e. =40

Kc = cos 40o/2 = cos 20o = 0.94

= (3/12)*180o = 45o
Kc = cos 45o/2 = cos 22.5o = 0.924
= (5/16)*180o = 56 o 16

Kc = cos 56o/2 = cos 28 o 8 = 0.0.882

27.

28.

The Phasor diagram of an alternator for lagging power factor load

Reduction of Hunting in Synchronous Motor

1. Use of Damper Winding
2. Use of Flywheels
3. Designing synchronous machine with suitable synchronizing power coefficients.

29.

Single phase induction motor is not self starting

Single phase induction motor has distributed stator winding and a squirrel-cage rotor.

When fed from a single-phase supply, its stator winding produces a flux (or field ) which is only
alternating i.e. one which alternates along one space axis only.
It is not a synchronously revolving (or rotating) flux as in the case of a two or a three phase
stator winding fed from a 2 of 3 phase supply.
Now, alternating or pulsating flux acting on a stationary squirrel-cage rotor cannot produce
rotation (only a revolving flux can produce rotation).
30. Application of BLDC

1. Appliances, automotive, aerospace, consumer,

medical,
automated industrial
equipment and instrumentation

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