E-Commerce & Web

Technologies
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4/4/2012

By: khAn
ACCORDING TO THE NEW SYLLABLES OF BTE

E-Commerce & Web Technologies

E-Commerce & Web Technologies

Introduction to E-Commerce. The difference between e-commerce and e-business:
What is the difference between E-commerce and E-Business?
E-commerce is buying and selling using an electronic medium. It is accepting credit and payments over the net,
doing banking transactions using the Internet, selling commodities or information using the World Wide Web
and so on.
E-Business in addition to encompassing E-commerce includes both front and back-office applications that form
the engine for modern E-commerce. E-business is not just about E-commerce transactions; it's about re-defining
old business models, with the aid of technology to maximize customer value. E-Business is the overall strategy
and E-commerce is an extremely important facet of E-Business.
Thus e-business involves not merely setting up the company website and being able to accept credit card
payments or being able to sell products or services on time. It involves fundamental re-structuring and
streamlining of the business using technology by implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems,
supply chain management, customer relationship management, data ware housing, data marts, data mining, etc.
http://www.davechaffey.com/E-business/C1-Introduction/E-business-E-commerce-defined
Unique features of e-commerce technology.
SEVEN UNIQUE FEATURES OF E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGY
1. Ubiquity
Available just about everywhere, at all times. A unique feature of e-commerce technology.
2. Global Reach
The total number of users or customers an e-commerce business can obtain.
3. Universal Standards
Standards that are shared by all nations around the world.
4. Richness
The complexity and content of a message.
5. Interactivity
Technology that allows for two way communication between merchant and consumer.
6. Information Density
The total amount and quality of information available to all market participants.
7. Personalization/Customization
- Personalization : the targeting of marketing messages to specific individuals by adjusting the message to a
persons name, interest, and past purchases.
- Customization: changing the delivered product or service based on a users preferences or period behavior.
Types of e- commerce.
Ecommerce definition and types of ecommerce
Ecommerce (e-commerce) or electronic commerce, a subset of e-business, is the purchasing, selling, and
exchanging of goods and services over computer networks (such as the Internet) through which transactions or
terms of sale are performed electronically. Contrary to popular belief, ecommerce is not just on the Web. In fact,
ecommerce was alive and well in business to business transactions before the Web back in the 70s via EDI
(Electronic Data Interchange) through VANs (Value-Added Networks). Ecommerce can be broken into four
main categories: B2B, B2C, C2B, and C2C.
B2B (Business-to-Business)
Companies doing business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling
to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable.
B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
Businesses selling to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software. By dollar
volume, B2B takes the prize, however B2C is really what the average Joe has in mind with regards to
ecommerce as a whole.
Having a hard time finding a book? Need to purchase a custom, high-end computer system? How about a first
class, all-inclusive trip to a tropical island? With the advent ecommerce, all three things can be purchased
literally in minutes without human interaction. Oh how far we've come!

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C2B (Consumer-to-Business)
A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies review the consumer's
requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews the bids and selects the company that will complete
the project. Elance empowers consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and platform for
such transactions.
C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)
There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to
online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease. eBay's auction
service is a great example of where person-to-person transactions take place everyday since 1995.
Companies using internal networks to offer their employees products and services online--not necessarily online
on the Web--are engaging in B2E (Business-to-Employee) ecommerce.
G2G (Government-to-Government), G2E (Government-to-Employee), G2B (Government-to-Business), B2G
(Business-to-Government), G2C (Government-to-Citizen), C2G (Citizen-to-Government) are other forms of
ecommerce that involve transactions with the government--from procurement to filing taxes to business
registrations to renewing licenses. There are other categories of ecommerce out there, but they tend to be
superfluous.
http://www.designzzz.com/the-five-different-types-of-e-commerce/
Element of a business model
Here are 9 key elements of business models for creative that you would benefit from knowing.
1. Customer Segments
This defines the different groups of people your creative work is aimed at. Make sure you know specifically
who you are working and marketing for.
2. Value Proposition
This describes the value you are delivering to your customers. This is the response to the question: What
problems of our customers are we helping to solve?
The value proposition of a graphic user interface designer, might be to improve the user experience of people
using a site that would be of interest to site owners, for example.
3. Channels
Your business channels cover the methods you use in showing and delivering your potential customers the value
in your product or service.
This could include the website you use in selling your products and the social networking sites you use in
sharing information about your business.
4. Customer Relationship/s
You should be thinking about how to engage with your customers, and how to carry out a long term relationship
with them. If you are dealing with more than one customer segment, you might find a very different type of
relationship style is required.
For example, it might be crucial to dedicate considerable time in dealing with some clients face to face or on the
phone.
With a different area of business, such as in selling merchandise, for example, it might be sufficient to make the
process more automated and less personal, but it all depends on the nature of the market segment you are
dealing with.
5. Revenue Streams
This represents the money you generate from one or more market segments.
You need to be crystal clear on exactly how you intend to create revenue from your business. For most creative
freelancers, it would be a case of agreeing to carry out a service of some kind, and being paid on a per job
basis.
As another example, an alternative revenue stream could be subscription payments brought in from the
customers of a printed magazine.
6. Key Resources
This describes the most important assets required to make a business model work and is key in the functioning
of all other aspects of the model.
Such resources are all the elements required to contribute to your Value Proposition (2.), including your own
personal skill, but also physical assets like software, hardware, printers, canvases, cameras and scanners.

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7. Key Activities
These are activities that are crucial in making the business work. Like key resources, such activity is required to
create and offer a strong Value Proposition, reach markets, maintain existing customer relationships, and earn
revenue.
A key activity for a web designer might be in solving problems of web user experience and require face to face
meetings with clients, whereas for a sports photographer, this would be in preparing for and documenting sports
events, as well as delivering photographs electronically to customers.
8. Key Partnerships
These describe ones network of suppliers and partners that exist to allow a business to function properly.
In some cases, partnership for freelancing or other creatives are not a part of their business model, but others,
such as in the case of a collaborative group of illustrators working together or in marketing the work of a
combined illustration collective, can act as a powerful element of an effectively functioning business.
9. Cost Structure
This defines how you go about paying for the things you use within your business. Being clear on your cost
structure is an important element of your business model because it will define where and when you add or
subtract costs.
You might create luxury furniture requiring high value materials. In which case, your business would be more
value-driven, and depend on more expensive items.
On the other hand, you might provide a cheap and basic web design service that markets itself based on keeping
costs low, with high output. In which case, you would strive to reducing costs wherever possible in your
business.
These 9 elements all come together in creating a sound business model structure if used properly and
appropriately.
It is definitely worth thinking about how each of these elements applies to your business and where certain areas
might need tweaking in order to maximise value for the services you offer and therefore allow you to earn more
of the green stuff.
http://www.openforum.com/idea-hub/topics/innovation/article/the-9-elements-of-an-ironcladbusiness-model
Business- to consumer (B2C) business models
Business to Consumer (B2C)
A form of doing business that deals with selling goods and services to the consumer marketplace. Examples of
this would be selling consumer electronics, toys, or pet supplies. This contrasts with the business to business
model.
Business-to- business (B2B) business models
B2B means that you are selling a product or service to other businesses.
Examples
Selling office equipment to companies who wish to upgrade their existing furniture.
Ex2: Selling security and access control hardware and systems to building management companies, universities
and municipalities.
Differences between B2B and B2C sales
1. Speed of Sales Process B2C sale is typically faster
2. Number of Decision Makers B2B usually has more
3. Simplicity of Buying Process B2C sale is usually simpler
4. Quantity of Leads B2C sale starts with more leads
5. Role of Emotion B2C sales involve emotion more than in B2B.
6. Value of Sale B2C smaller
7. Uniformity of Offer B2B tend to be a more customized product offering.
http://www.elyamccleave.com/?p=253
Introduction to web Technologies
There are several different web technologies that you will come across when building your site. This article will
explain the most common web technologies and how they are used in building a web site. For the purposes of
this article, we can think about building a web site like you would build a house. You need a foundation,
framing, plumbing and electrical components, and decoration.
Client-Side Mark-up and Scripting
Client-side technologies are things that operate in the browser. There is no need to interact with the server.
These languages are generally very easy to use, and you can try them out right on your own computer.

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HTML: Hypertext Mark-up Language

By now you surely know what HTML is! It is a basic mark-up language that you'll use to create the structure of
your web pages. You can think of this as the framing for the house that you're building. It is the most basic and
essential part of your web site - it gives your house shape, rooms, and structure.
CSS: Cascading Style sheets
This is what you will use to create the decoration for your house (or website!). CSS describes how a web page
should look in the browser. The key to good web page creation is to completely separate the presentation (CSS)
from the structure of your site (HTML). This way it is easy to make changes to the look of your site without
changing all of your HTML files. Just like putting a new coat of paint on your house.
JavaScript
JavaScript is a simple scripting language used to make things happen on your web page. In our home building
analogy, JavaScript would be the hinges that make doors open and close and light switches turn on and off.
It is important to recognize the difference between JavaScript and some of the server-side technologies
discussed below. As a client-side language, JavaScript only works within the browser window. It cannot
retrieve, create, or store data on the server, it can only manipulate things within the browser. Things that you
might use JavaScript for include swapping images on mouseover, check to see if form fields have been
completed, or making a web page redirect to another page.
Server-Side Programming Languages
There are many server-side programming languages that you can use on your web sites. These are languages
that interact with the web server to manipulate data. In our home building analogy, server side programming
would be all the functionality in the house: electrical wiring, plumbing, and duct work. It does stuff.
You would use a server-side language to send form data, store passwords and login information,or otherwise
store and retrieve data from the server. Applications that would require a server side language include message
boards, blogs guestbooks, and anything that requires users to log in.
Before you start worrying out about learning a programming language, you should know that for many basic
applications it isn't necessary to learn how to do server-side programming. You can download and install many
scripts with minimal effort. Of course, if you are interested in learning programming there are many resources
available. The most common server side languages are PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor, open source) and
ASP (Active Server Pages, from Microsoft).
To use one of these, you need to have them enabled on your hosting account. Most free hosts do not offer server
side languages of any kind. On a paid hosting account, it depends on whether you are on a Windows or Linux
server. ASP is a windows technology and is only available on Windows servers. PHP is an open source
language and is available on Linux and (sometimes) windows servers. Check with your hosting provider to see
which one you can use with your account.
You may also hear about .net, asp.net, Ruby on Rails, or JSP. These are higher end programming languages that
are used to create complex web applications. As a beginner, you don't need to worry about them.
Summary
All of these technologies work together to crease visually appealing, structurally sound, fully functional
websites (or houses!). Which technologies you need to use depends on what type of site you are creating. For a
simple site, you may only need to use HTML and CSS. However, if you want to add some interactivity you will
need to get your hands dirty with JavaScript and/or server-side languages eventually.
Fundamental of internet and www concepts:
The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that use common communication standards and interfaces to
provide the physical backbone for a number of interesting applications.
One of the most utilized of these Internet applications is the World Wide Web. What sets the Web apart is an
easy-to-use interface to a complex network of computers and data.
A browser is an application which provides a window to the Web. All browsers are designed to display the
pages of information located at Web sites around the world. The most popular browsers on the market today
include Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
Web Sites
Information on the Web is displayed in pages. These pages are written in a standard language called HTML
(HyperText Markup Language) which describes how the information should be displayed regardless of the
browser used or the type of computer. Pages also include hypertext links which allow users to jump to other
related information. Hypertext is usually underlined and in a different color and can include individual words,
sentences, or even graphics. A Web site is a collection of related Web pages with a common Web address.

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Protocols (HTTP,FTP, IP,TCP,)

File Transfer Protocol
FTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTP
Internet Protocol version 4
IP
Internet Protocol version 6
IPv6
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP
http://www.protocols.com/pbook/tcpip1.htm
Domain Names ( com, edu, org, net, mil, sip)
Web Addresses
Web sites and the pages they contain each have a unique worldwide address. This address (or Uniform Resource
Locator, URL, in Internet jargon). The address for Microsoft is www.microsoft.com. For most sites, this is all
you need to specify and it defaults to the main page (or home page) for the site. In some cases, you may also
need or want to specify the path and file name such as www.microsoft.com/office97.
Note the extension .com after microsoft. There are six of extensions that help to divide the computers on the
Internet into understandable groups or domains. These six domains include: .com = commercial, .gov =
government, .edu = education, .org = organizations, .net = networks, .mil = military. There are also extensions
for sites outside of the U.S. including: .jp = Japan, .uk = United Kingdom, .fr = France, and so on.
GROWTH OF THE INTERNET AND THE WEB
The technology juggernaut behind e-commerce is the internet and the World Wide Web. The internet is a
worldwide network of computer networks built on common standards.The internet links businesses, educational
institutions, government agencies, and individuals together, and provides users with services sucs as e-mail,
document transfer, newsgroups, shopping, research, instant messaging, music, videos, and news. The web
provides access to an estimated 6 billion pages or documents created in a language called HTML (Hyper Text
Markup Language). These HTML pages contain information, including text, graphics, animations, and other
objects, made available for public use.

Introduction to CSS 1 & CSS2.

Comparison Of CSS1,CSS2,CSS3
IN CSS1,we couldn't allot multiple property to several classes .pa, h1, class cant have multiple classes
class="p1 h2", do not have many border style, do not have margin-left, right, top, bottom, do not have vertical
align and many . In CSS 2.0 we won't have rounded corners, shadows, browser thumbnail at link hover and
many more which we have in CSS 3.0
CSS has varied levels and profiles. Each level of CSS builds on the last, often adding new features and generally
implied as CSS1, CSS2, and CSS3. Profiles are generally a subset of a few levels of CSS built for a specific
device or control interface. Now there are profiles for mobile devices, printers, and TV sets. Profiles shouldn't
be confused with media types which were added in CSS2.
CSS1:The 1st CSS blueprint to become an official W3C Advice is CSS level one, printed in December 1996.
Among its capacities are support for:
Font properties like typeface and stress
Color of text, backgrounds, and other elements.
Text features like space stuck between lines of text, letter and words.
Position of tables, photograph, text and other elements.
Padding, margin, border and positioning for nearly all elements.
Single identification and general classification of groups of features.
The W3C maintains the CSS1 Advice.
CSS2:CSS level two was developed by the W3C and published as a Advice in May 1998. A superset of CSS1,
CSS2 includes numerous new capacities like unmitigated, relative, and fixed positioning of elements and zindex, the idea of media types, support for auditory style sheets and bidirectional text, and new font properties
like shadows. The W3C maintains the CSS2 Advice
CSS level two revision one or CSS 2.1 fix error in CSS2.0 remove badly support features and adds already
implemented browser extensions to the design. While it's an Applicant Advice for a couple of months, on June

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fifteen, 2005 it was regressed back to a working draft for further review. It was returned to Applicant Advice
standing on nineteen July 2007.
CSS3:CSS level three is presently in development. The W3C maintain a CSS3.0 growth report. CSS3.0 is
modularized and it will consist of one or two separate suggestions. The W3C CSS3 Map gives a summary and
introduction the most recent version of CSS is the CSS3 version which fundamentally is very different from
CSS2 and CSS1 in the incorporation of Modules and other changes. Modules enable the design to be done in a
smaller time with more ease while updating individual features and directions.
The CSS3.0 supports more browsers than CSS2, but be certain to check it on all browser and operating system.
Additional features are included in CSS3.0 like:
New Combinatory.
New CSS Selectors.
New Pseudo-elements.
New Style properties.
http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_intro.asp
Introduction to XHTML.
http://www.online.tusc.k12.al.us/tutorials/viruses/viruses.htm

The handouts are especially designed for Diploma of Information Technology.

Also download the part II of this book from our website.
Do try the useful links available under most topics.
Thanks.
The Author .

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