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Structural

behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam using stainless slag as fine


aggregate



Madeira B. Leandro




1. Introduction

The environment conservation in recent years, its the commonly as the public issue for any
expansion of infrastructure. The transformation from a social system of mass production,
consumption and disposal to a recycling-oriented one is necessary for the purpose of reducing
effected for the point of view environment however a large amount of waste is still discharged.
Although the utilization of sea sand and mountain (land sand) currently make up 20% and 40%,
respectively, of the total, use of crushed sand and disposal material has been expected to increase in
the future because the extraction of sea sand will be banned almost throughout the entire Seto
Inland Sea area and the north coast of Kyushu, Fukuoka by 2006. Due to environmental problems,
however, development of new quarries is restricted and problems are expected in the future (2).
This study wants to reduce consumption of sea sand as fine aggregate due to subvert the
environment issue by use alternative waste material such as stainless slag. Stainless slag as waste
material produced by production of stainless steel, approximately one ton of stainless steel waste is
generated when producing three tons of stainless steel (Zhang and Hong, 2011). In Japan
production stainless steel as shown figure 1, estimate stainless slag disposal approximate about
30,000 tons per year by-product. The effectives utilize on the concrete production consider as
important thing, on the previous research stainless steel slag concrete was proposed to reveal
experimentally the basic physical properties and assumed to be efficiently used as a fine aggregate
(3)(4), in order to promote stainless slag as fine aggregate on the structural purpose, author
considering behavior and performance of RC contain stainless slag as fine aggregate were
investigated.
The effect of stainless slag as fine aggregate of concrete on the structural concrete behavior of
reinforced concrete beams was investigated. In the experiment of loading testing perform of
mechanical response behavior due cracking, deflection and strength between using stirrups and
without stirrup were measured.

2. Material of experiment

Concrete material was used in this study consists of Cement, Coarse Aggregate (crushed stone),
Fine aggregate (sea sand and Stainless slag), and water including AE (Air Entering) water reducing
agent repectively shown on table 1.
The Ordinary cement Portland (density 3.15 g/cm3) was used. Sea sand produced by
located in Fukuoka prefecture, respectively with density 2.57 g/cm3, water absorption 1.62%
and fine modulus 2.85.

This stainless steel slag which is by-product stainless steel in an electric furnace, physical
properties define by oven-dry density 3.04 g/cm3, surface dry density 3.08 g/cm3, 1.53% water
absorption, fineness modulus 2.96, 1.96% amount of fineness. In addition, 10 % of total was using
AE water reducing agent (Frolich SV) in admixture. Reinforment consists Deform bar D16 mm
and smouth steel 6mm as stirrups, as shown at table 2.

Table 1. Description concrete material
Material
Sea Sand (S)
Crushed Gravel (G)
Ordinary Cement (C)
Stainless Slag
Water (W)
AE

Water
absorption
(%)
1.62
1.00
-
1.53

Density
(kg/m3)
2.57
2.70
3.15
3.08
1.00

FM
2.85


2.95

Table 2. Description of reinforcement


Elastic
Yielding Area
Type Modulus strength
Remark
(KN/mm2) (N/mm2)
6
120
388
63.67 stirrup
D 16
200
350
397.2 tendon


Gmax
(mm)

20





Type


W/C

Slag 0 % 28 days
Slag 60 % 28 days
Slag 0 % 91 days
Slag 60 % 91 days

50
50
50
50


3. Experiment Method


4. Result and Discussion
4.1 concrete

170
170
170
170

340
340
340
340

Table 3. Mix proportion of concrete


Material (kg/m3)




NSS
S
G
AE
0
500.57
0
500.57

696.02
278.21
696.02
278.21

1097.30
1097.30
1097.30
1097.30

3.40
3.40
3.40
3.40

Slump
Design
(cm)

Slump
Measure
d (cm)

122

12
10.5
10
10

Air
content
Design
(%)
4.51.5

Air
content
Measure
d (%)
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.5

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