Drive Test Solutions Customer Presentation - Acterna

Air Interface product Overview
Prepared For
Idea Cellular Ltd
Pune
Small confidentiality text on every page, Arial 10pt, white Change on MASTER PAGE ONLY
Page 1
Access Approaches
Frequency
1
e
Tim
Frequency
m
Ti
Multipe Transmitters
and
Multiple Channels
Frequency
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
Frequency
Division
Multiple
Access
Time
Division
Multiple
Access
Code
Division
Multiple
Access
Each User has a unique

frequency
(1 voice channel per user)
All users transmit at the
same time, but on different
frequencies
Each User has a unique

Each transmitter has a
time slot
unique spreading code (PN)
Each Data Channel has a Each Data Channel has a
unique position within the unique orthogonal code
time slot.
All users transmit at the
Many users transmit at the
same frequency, but at
same time on the same
different times.
frequency
AMPS, NMT, TACS
e
Tim
IS-136, GSM, PDC
Page 2
IS-95, cdma2000, WCDMA
Topics Covered..1
Types of Air Interface Measurement
Equipment used for each type of Measurement
1) Coverage and Planning Measurements
Selection of equipment
Our offering
Page 3
Topics Covered..2
2) Optimisation measurements
Selection of equipment
Our offering
3) Ancillary equipment
Page 4
Air Interface measurements

What do we mean?
Air Interface
Mobile
Phone
Base
Station
Basically from subscriber to the wire - 0r wire to

subscriber for that matter!
Page 5

Two main types of test
2
Mobile
Phone
Air Interface
Base
Station
1 = Tests looking out of network - to test only the infrastructure and
show that network sees as many subscribers as possible - i.e

planning and coverage testing
2 = Tests from a subscriber perspective - is the network operating
correctly - i.e. Optimisation measurements
Page 6

Each type of test has distinct customer groups
in organisations
Each is important for different commercial
reasons
Each requires different kit!
We have kit for both types of test.
Coverage and planning testing must use
receivers.
Optimisation must use a device with base band
- like a test mobile
Both are good tools - but for different jobs!
Page 7
Coverage and Planning Measurements

Trying to stop.
SPOT
WITHOUT
COVERAGE!
base station
mobile phone
Page 8
Some facts ..by way of

introduction
The relationship between wavelength () and frequency (f) is
fixed, in fact v=f, where v is the speed of light in a vacuum.
Always!
Waves propagate through space in proportional to their
wavelengths, so the higher the frequency, the shorter the
wavelength, the less distance a wave of the same power will
travel.
The higher in frequency therefore, the more transmit power
we need to cover the same distance, or alternatively the more
same power base stations we need to employ
Higher frequency waves have greater trouble penetrating
solid objects and also their power is reflected and scattered
more easily by smaller objects
Page 9
Receiver based Measurements

Used for
Planning model verification / calibration
Clutter loss evaluation
Coverage verification
Cell boundary and interference studies
In building and micro-cellular studies
Page 10
Typical Network RF Structure

Cellular structure to
cover population areas
Different cells use
different frequencies to
avoid interfering with
each other ( In TDMA at
least)
Cell size is determined
by capacity and terrain.
Planned using a tool to
see what the effect is
rather than the costly
placement and removal
of sites
Page 11
Cell Sizes and Shapes

Large cells for
remote areas
Unidirectional antennas
Three direction
location
B
A
Small cells for

high-density
traffic areas
Page 12
Inside each Cell..

One or more base station sites,
each with a number of channels depending on capacity prediction
Cell size is planned with this in
mind
Coverage from site (often centrally placed) delivered
by either omni antenna or a number of directional
antennas covering sectors
Three sectors are common on cellular sites, each
sector has its own frequencies
Real coverage determined by measurement and
model adjusted to match prediction to real (Model
Calibration)
Page 13
Model Calibration
Allows for dimensioning of network in terms of
infrastructure and capacity
Important not to have too many base stations
as these are expensive to place and install.
Provides engineering parameters to ensure calls
are maintained, with no holes in the network hence assures revenue
Prevents errors in frequency plan causing
interference as possible loss of revenue
Page 14
What happens when a cell / sector

transmits?...Multipath Effects
Path is scattered by
Signal A
Signal C
Signal B
Power
Signal A
Signal B
buildings,
people,
Terrain features
foliage
the weather etc
Signal C
Time
Result is that different components of the wave arrive

with different phases at different times - some
additive, some destructive, so signal can change
rapidly as path profiles change with movement of
Mobile and objects in the path.
Page 15
What really happens when

we measure Propagation of
signals from a Base station?
Page 16
Fading profile 1
Shows fading pattern as you
move from transmitter
Show extent of coverage
Important for model calibration
path loss measurements
MOBILE STATION
Page 17
Fading profile 2
Green Trace shows actual
measured values
Variations are the result of
Multipath effects and vary with
time, weather etc.
MOBILE STATION
Page 18
What do we need to measure?

Fade Margin - this is the maximum variation of
a signal in any location, caused by fast fading
(Multipath). It requires very fast sampling
Local Mean - this is measured to test the level
of coverage and hence placement of base
stations. This needs to average out the fast
fading, so also need fast sampling. We need to
measure the slow fading pattern.
Page 19
Fade Margin (FM)
FM
What is it?.
Maximum variation in one
location due to multipath
MOBILE STATION
Why Measure?.
How to Measure
Parameter of planning tools
Must measure at fixed locations

over time
Represents the margin that is

necessary to apply when
planning coverage to ensure
call is not dropped due to
multipath
Must take enough samples to

capture peaks and troughs
Therefore, fast sampling channel
occupancy measurements best
Page 20
Local Mean (LM)

What is it?.
Underlying fading profile
(Yellow line)
MOBILE STATION
Why Measure?.
Used as the basis of calibration
for planning tool - shows actual
coverage
How to Measure
Can be used to determine

clutter constants to enhance
models
Must take enough samples to

capture peaks and troughs
Network verification on sign off
Must measure over distance /

location
Therefore, fast sampling and

averaging of results - see next slide
Page 21
Considerations for LM Measurements

If we sample too slow we might sample on
peaks (red crosses) or Troughs (white
crosses)
x
x
x
x
x
x
Red crosses case - we think we get more

coverage than we do, resulting in not
enough Base stations placed and holes in
the network
White Crosses case - we think we get less
coverage than we do, resulting in placing
more Base stations - extra cost and potential
interferer problems.
Sampling.
Most operators use a sampling criteria to overcome
this - most common is Lee Sampling which states, for 1dB accuracy and 95% confidence,
you should take the mean of 50 samples every 40 .
Used by most operators in GSM for urban areas.
Parsons sampling is mainly used in rural areas
Page 22
Common responses from Operators.1

My planning tool tells me where to place sites and I use clutter data to
make sure it is correct.
All planning tools use emperical models to model the earth. Even
with clutter and terrain databases these predictions are only typically
accurate to within 8-12dB. This can mean vast errors in coverage
and frequency planning can be made - always more costly to put
right after the fact. By using measurements to calibrate the tool the
accuracy of the tool can be enhanced to within +/-3dB. Nearly all
tools allow for adaptive tuning based on measurements.
If I have a coverage or capacity problem I just adjust the power or

antenna or in the worst cases add a new site to solve the issue.
There is much to be said for experience - dont get me wrong! But

this is a hap-hazard approach and changes to power and site set
ups can have far reaching knock on effects to frequency and
interference plans. A look on a calibrated tool before making
changes would save time and money where experience lets us
down.
Page 23
Common responses from North

American Operators.2
For CDMA, I need to be able to do PN Scanning for testing Coverage.
For live networks where we are interested in the quality of the signal
and hence a call - sure this is true. For planning and COVERAGE
testing - not so. These are tests that are interested only in
characterising the RF Channel, so that planning of expensive
infrastructure is correct. The tools we have are equally as good for
doing this on CDMA as they are for GSM. We have a document
available to discuss CDMA tests that can be sent to you.
I test coverage with my TEMS ( or similar test mobile product).
The effects of multi-path are related to Wavelength. There are

sampling criteria in used based on wavelength timed measurements
to limit these effects - Like LEE. With all of these speed is the
important factor in doing useful work (multi channels at any speed).
Please see the following slides to explain why.
Page 24
Lee sampling and speed of

measurement.
Lee has two main sampling
criteria :
for 1.5dB accuracy and 90%
confidence - take the MEAN
of 36 samples every 40 . i.e
one sample per 1.11 OR
for 1.0dB accuracy and 95%
confidence - take the MEAN
of 50 samples every 40 . I.e.
one sample per 0.8.
Page 25
Lee Measurements
Lets take the worst case: 1 sample per 0.8
at 900MHz, this means 1 sample every 0.26m

the ability to take these measurements will affect
our choice of measurement device.
Page 26
Lee Measurements
We have two main choices of test equipment, receivers and test

mobiles. Lets think about test mobiles..
By now we know the perils of sampling incorrectly.
We also know that operators claim to use test mobiles (or digital
receivers) to do coverage tests
A good example of why not to use them for this can be given by
GSM.
A GSM test mobile needs to meet the GSM interface spec. This
means that it is capable of reporting RSSI levels every 480mS as it needs to do 5 full freq scans and average. This results in a
maximum number of samples per second of 2! This is outside
the control of the phone provider and is fixed.
This means top speed for a test mobile to make valid Lee
measurements at GSM1900 is (2 samples per second x lee
sample gap of 0.125m) = 0.25m/s - it doesnt take much to see
this is slow.
Page 27
Lee Measurements
Digital receivers also suffer from speed problems as well as
dynamic range and accuracy issues.
So what can we use?
Straight forward analogue receivers are best for this task.
What do we have.? Well come to that shortly!
Page 28
Where can the Willtek

products be used to help in
the process of developing
and running a network?
Page 29
Flow Chart for Network development / deployment

Market
Requirement
Willtek provide test

solution
System/Site
Dimensioning
Propagation
model
verification
RF &Network
Planning
Site Search
Plan
Site Search &

Selection
Site Acquisition
Performance
Monitoring
Traffic &
Growth
Analysis
Operational
Network
Site Build
System
Optimisation
Site Coverage
Confirmation
Page 30
Planning is a Continuous Process

in the life of a network, because..
If a network grows, then

additional capacity will
need to be added
This may be Micro-cellular
sites, or pico-cellular sites
or in building sites for
specific locations
Competitive networks may

affect the plan as they add
sites and potential
interferers
New technologies may
affect coverage needs
New buildings, roads,

These are require changes
terminuses will need to be
to the frequency plan
covered
Page 31
Introduction to Air Interface

Products for Coverage and
Planning Measurements
Detail on the individual products and where
they apply
Page 32
Analogue drive test Product Overview - Main

Groupings
Griffin
GPR
Hindsite
Page 33
Griffin Series
Page 34
Griffin - What Is it?

High Sampling Rate Receivers
Unit specification to frequency band
- not technology
Meets high sampling requirements
of the operators
Only one that can do GSM-R
Portable instrument ideally suited for
both drive testing and walk tests
Can be used to measure Local
Mean and fade Margin!
Page 35
Griffin Receivers
Main Characteristics
Frequency Range dependant on model
SPEC HIGHLIGHTS...
100,000 samples per sec
1000 channels per second
High Amplitude Accuracy +/- 0.8dB Typ.
High Dynamic Range 80dB
Light Weight, Portable
Long Battery autonomy using hot plug facilities
Page 36
Griffin Series
Models now available
SMR9010 -800MHz to 1000MHz for GSM900, TACS, NMT,

ETACS and CDMA
SMR9020 - 1700MHz to 1900MHz for GSM1800, DCS and other

systems
GFC4950 - Frequency extension for the SMR9010 to extend to

UMTS frequencies (2-2.2GHz)
Page 37
Griffin - What does the spec allow

us to do?
Lee sampling: we can do 5 channels at 55mph at GSM1900 to
meet Lee sampling criteria. Next nearest rival can only do 2
channels at this speed. Heres how
55mph = 24.5m/s
1000 channels /sec means we can do 200samples /channel/sec
for 5 channels
max speed is 200 x 0.125 = 25 m/s
This means we can test neighboring cells on one drive test.
We can test micro and macro cellular sites for the same area at
the same time.
Other solutions have to measure less channels or drive slower.
In most cases neither may be possible
Page 38
Griffin
Page 39
Griffin - Key Benefits

Advanced sampling speeds
Accuracy
I&Q output
Windows software
Ease of use
Portability
Autonomous Battery Life
Page 40
Griffin - Software
Page 41
RF Field Survey on Three Channels

Technique
Connect a wheel transducer to the Griffin.
Use Memory Cycling mode with three
memories doing a single measurement on
each frequency.
Choose a distance of 1.11 (for Lee -90%
confidence) between each frequency and no
gap between each cycle around the
memories.
Page 42
RF Field Survey on Three Channels

Technique continued
Set a sampling rate of 25kHz with a Noise
Filter of 2.4kHz. (This allows the three
channels to be scanned 263 times per
second.)
The PC must average groups of 36 readings
to calculate the underlying field according to
the Lee criterion.
Page 43
Hindsite: RF Drive Test Software
Page 44
Hindsite - What is it used for?
CW Surveying
Transmitter checks
Building Penetration studies
Mobile field surveys
Multiple frequency Surveys
Producing reports for FSS files
Page 45
In summaryHindsite - What Is it?

Powerful data collection
tool
GIS Platform and
integrated display /
analysis tool
Replay mode allows the
sequence of events leading
up to a point to be shown
Route tracing now
available
Page 46
Data collection
Three display types are
automatically available;
Map, Graph and table
Configuration dependant
on data collected
Multiple windows active at
any time
Waypoint markers
All windows are linked

Real time update to windows
Flexible zoom facility in real time
Easy to use Start, stop and
pause controls
Suspect markers
Multiple frequency runs allow
best server maps and tables
C/ I plots, tables and Maps
Page 47
Introducing HindsitePlus
- the new drive test tool from Acterna
Covers range of existing
technologies (GSM900,
GSM1800, GSM1900,CDMA
and TDMA)
Uses Test mobiles to
interface to the network over
the Um Interface, just like a
subscriber
Allow control of network
parameters and full layer 1-3
trace information for problem
solving in the network.
Page 48
System Configuration
System for drive testing
comprises
Notebook PC running NT4
GPS Receiver
Test Mobile for the

appropriate technology
Test cabling
Optional Scanning device
Easy to install to any

Vehicle
System can be de-skilled
for technician use
Page 49
Applications of HindsitePlus
Testing existing levels of coverage and quality via mobile
surveys, in building and vehicular
Resolving problem tickets by simulating customer calls in
specific locations
Investigating cell Handovers and dropped call reports
Identifying potential interfering cells
Field analysis of call progress through trace parameters
Comparison of different networks from a call placement
perspective
Quality of Service measurements
Page 50
Hindsite Plus.Main Features

New Drive test tool, designed for field engineers to
evaluate and identify problems in real time
Works with the MAM 8501 and other test mobiles
Data collection in building and drive testing
Full trace info available - layer 1, layer 3 etc
Built in GIS using Map Info mapping to make easy
reporting and problem location possible
Consists of two packages, one for data collection and one
for post processing and analysis
GUI is intuitive and easy to use
Different access levels are possible allowing de-skilling
and complex analysis
Page 51
How does it work?

Before the run, the user sets up workspace
(Area to be measured - indoor or outdoor)
Page 52
Call control during testing

Calls can be pre
configured and scheduled
in batches to specific
terminating numbers.
Call re-attempts and
duration can be set easily
Long calls can be
configured for coverage,
trace and quality testing
Large number of short
calls can be configured for
call success and
connectivity testing
Page 53
Real Time Trace Info

Configurable Windows to show trace info in real time
allowing call placement parameters, Neighbour list, Layer
3 messaging etc
Results can be shown on routes and Graphs of
parameters like RxLev and RxQual also available
Page 54
Engineering Features
User can set Mobile Power Class to simulate different profiles
(handies, Car phones etc)
Suppression of Handovers possible to test cell coverage
Ignore Call Barring
Force Full Rate
Cell Forcing to test specific Cell parameters
RF Scan using Mobile available to see active channels and cells.
Logging also possible in this mode
Page 55
Different user access levels

Software is configurable to allow different access levels
Administrators can set up work spaces and measurement
jobs as well as collect data
These can then be loaded and run by de-skilled data
collectors - saving cost and engineering effort
Real Time and post processing analysis can be limited
also
Skilled users can analyse calls in real time or from field
location. No need to return to the office for post
processing.
Allows for faster network problem solving
Page 56
Transmit Equipment
11
Antenna
Test Transmitter
Signal
Source
Mast /
Tripod
Cable
Wideband
Amplifier
Power
Meter
Page 57
ST 9S(v) 20 Watt Transmitter
Page 58
Masts / Tripods
A very wide range of masts and tripods are
available, everything from 10m trailer masts to 2m
fixed tripods.
The mast most suitable will depend on the
application and max height
Tripods and tripod masts suit urban areas where
space is important
Green field sites tend to more suited to trailer masts
and vehicle mounted masts
Please see the mast document enclosed for details
of one type and the accessories associated with
them as an example.
Page 59
Kit list for Drive Test System
Product
CW DTS
Optimisation DTS
Measuring
Receiver / Phone
Griffin SMR9010
MAM 8501
Hindsite HST100
HST/GPS/35PC
HindsitePlus
M248601
Survey Software
GPS Option
Distance Triggering
System
CW Transmitter
PC
HST/DT/SMR
NA
ST9S (v)
NA
Laptop w/Win 98 / NT Laptop w/Win NT
Page 60
Typical Vehicle set up

Matched
receive
antenna
Measuring
Receiver
Laptop
computer
GPS
receiver
Distance
transducer
Page 61
Kit list for indoor / Pedestrian

measurements
As per relevant vehicle set up, but replace

distance triggering option for HST / PEDOM
Remove GPS options if not needed for other
work.
Page 62
Block diagram for indoor /

Pedestrian measurements
Matched
receive
antenna
Measuring
Receiver
Laptop
computer
PPA9306
Trumeter
Transducer
Page 63

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Air Interface product Overview

Each User has a unique

Each User has a unique

AMPS, NMT, TACS

IS-136, GSM, PDC

IS-95, cdma2000, WCDMA

Air Interface measurements

Basically from subscriber to the wire - 0r wire to

Air Interface measurements

1 = Tests looking out of network - to test only the infrastructure and

show that network sees as many subscribers as possible - i.e

Air Interface measurements

Coverage and Planning Measurements

Some facts ..by way of

Receiver based Measurements

Typical Network RF Structure

Cell Sizes and Shapes

Small cells for

Inside each Cell..

What happens when a cell / sector

Result is that different components of the wave arrive

What really happens when

What do we need to measure?

Fade Margin (FM)

Parameter of planning tools

Must measure at fixed locations

Represents the margin that is

Must take enough samples to

Local Mean (LM)

Can be used to determine

Must take enough samples to

Network verification on sign off

Must measure over distance /

Therefore, fast sampling and

Considerations for LM Measurements

Red crosses case - we think we get more

Common responses from Operators.1

If I have a coverage or capacity problem I just adjust the power or

There is much to be said for experience - dont get me wrong! But

Common responses from North

For CDMA, I need to be able to do PN Scanning for testing Coverage.

I test coverage with my TEMS ( or similar test mobile product).

The effects of multi-path are related to Wavelength. There are

Lee sampling and speed of

at 900MHz, this means 1 sample every 0.26m

We have two main choices of test equipment, receivers and test

Where can the Willtek

Flow Chart for Network development / deployment

Willtek provide test

Site Search &

Planning is a Continuous Process

If a network grows, then

Competitive networks may

New buildings, roads,

Introduction to Air Interface

Analogue drive test Product Overview - Main

Griffin - What Is it?

SMR9010 -800MHz to 1000MHz for GSM900, TACS, NMT,

SMR9020 - 1700MHz to 1900MHz for GSM1800, DCS and other

GFC4950 - Frequency extension for the SMR9010 to extend to

Griffin - What does the spec allow

Griffin - Key Benefits