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For a rigid body rotation, all strains should be zero, but clearly two
of these strain components are not. A metal will often yield at a
strain that is of the order of 0.001. A fictitious strain of this size will
already occur at a rotation of 2.5. To keep the strain lower than
0.0001, there must not be rigid rotations larger than 0.8. This
means that even at angles where you often would expect a small
angle approximation to be sufficient, the geometrically nonlinear
approach must be used.
Using the same rigid body rotation as above, but using GreenLagrange strains instead, gives
Now this strain tensor component is zero for any value of the
rotation. This property can be shown for the whole Green-Lagrange
strain tensor and also for arbitrary rotations.
By using a geometrically nonlinear formulation, you can avoid
having these kinds of stress artifacts. This is confirmed by solving
the same problem with geometric nonlinearity enabled. The stress
levels are now pure numerical noise; 12 orders of magnitude lower
than the yield limit.
Stress Stiffening
As seen in the previous example, the stiffness of a structure can
sometimes change significantly due to geometrically nonlinear
effects. This is sometimes referred to as stress stiffening. The term
is somewhat misleading, since it is also possible that the stiffness
could decrease. If we were to add a compressive axial load to the
beam above, its transverse stiffness would actually decrease.
Stress stiffening is important in, for example, rotating systems
where the centrifugal forces can introduce significant tensile
stresses. This causes the eigenfrequencies of the system to
increase with the RPM.
1.
2.
Vibrating Membrane
Buckling
Buckling, or the loss of stability when the load reaches a certain
critical value, is caused by geometrically nonlinear effects. In
COMSOL Multiphysics, there is a specific study type called Linear
Hyperelastic material
Large strain plasticity
Contact
Final Remarks
As we have shown above, there are several cases in which
geometric nonlinearities must be considered when solving structural
mechanics problems. So why dont we always include this effect in
our models to be on the safe side?