Processing Report

Integrated Services in
Petroleum Exploration and Production
Processing Report
for the
2004 Browse Basin
Kingshead
SK04-2D Survey
Area:
WA-338-P
October 2004
Robertson Research
Australia Pty. Ltd.
69 Outram Street
West Perth WA 6005
Tel: +61 (08) 9322 2490
Fax: +61 (08) 9481 6721
E-mail: info@robres.com.au
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 PERSONNEL......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2 LOCATION MAP...............................................................................................................................................4
2 PARAMETER TESTING........................................................................................................................................5
3 COMMENTS & CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................6
4 PROCESSING SEQUENCE....................................................................................................................................7
4.1 PSTM SEQUENCE (FILTERED)......................................................................................................................7
4.2 PSTM ANGLE STACKS SEQUENCE (SCALED)..........................................................................................8
4.3 PSTM SEQUENCE (RAW)...............................................................................................................................9
4.4 PSTM ANGLE STACKS SEQUENCE (RAW)..............................................................................................10
4.5 PSTM GATHERS.............................................................................................................................................11
5 PROCESSING DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................12
5.1 TRANSCRIPTION...........................................................................................................................................12
5.2 GAIN RECOVERY..........................................................................................................................................12
5.3 LOW-CUT FILTER..........................................................................................................................................12
5.4 SWELL NOISE ATTENUATION...................................................................................................................12
5.5 FX INTERPOLATION.....................................................................................................................................13
5.6 MULTI CHANNEL FILTER (SHOT DOMAIN)............................................................................................13
5.7 TAU-P DECONVOLUTION............................................................................................................................13
5.8 TAU-P LINEAR NOISE REMOVAL..............................................................................................................13
5.9 INTERPOLATED TRACES DROPPED ........................................................................................................13
5.10 CDP GATHER................................................................................................................................................13
5.11 FIRST PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................14
5.12 REVERSE GAIN RECOVERY.....................................................................................................................14
5.13 APPLY TRANSMISSION LOSS...................................................................................................................14
5.14 SPHERICAL DIVERGENCE (URSIN & GAIN).........................................................................................14
5.15 FK MULTIPLE ATTENUATION.................................................................................................................14
5.16 PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION (FIRST PASS).......................................................................................15
5.17 SECOND PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS....................................................................................................15
5.18 PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION................................................................................................................15
5.19 THIRD PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS........................................................................................................15
5.20 NMO CORRECTION ....................................................................................................................................15
5.21 RESIDUAL RADON......................................................................................................................................16
5.22 OUTER TRACE MUTE.................................................................................................................................16
5.23 INNER TRACE MUTE .................................................................................................................................16
5.24 COMMON DEPTH POINT STACK.............................................................................................................16
5.25 STATICS.........................................................................................................................................................17
5.26 ZERO PHASE CONVERSION......................................................................................................................17
5.27 TAU-P FILTER .............................................................................................................................................17
5.28 FILTER...........................................................................................................................................................17
5.29 ANGLE STACKS...........................................................................................................................................17
6 APPENDICES.........................................................................................................................................................18
6.1 LINE LISTING.................................................................................................................................................18
6.2 ACQUISITION PARAMETERS.....................................................................................................................19
6.3 DELIVERABLES.............................................................................................................................................20
6.4 SEGY TRACE HEADERS (STACK)..............................................................................................................21
WA-338-P
2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report
Page 2
1 INTRODUCTION
The 2004 Kingshead 2D Processing consisted of 18 lines totaling 422.69km.
Line SK04-05 (strike) was used as our primary test line, whilst SK04-18 (dip) was used for
confirmation of tests.
Water bottom depths were consistent across all lines with values varying between 100ms and
160ms.
Testing was undertaken based on the previous Browse Basin processing done by Robertson in
2003. Parameters and the processing sequence were then adjusted as appropriate.
1.1
PERSONNEL
Robertson Research Australia

Simon Stewart
Marine 2D Manager
Heidi Best
Geophysicist
Santos Limited
Stuart Brew
WA-338-P
Senior Staff Geophysicist
Page 3
1.2
WA-338-P
LOCATION MAP
Page 4
2 PARAMETER TESTING
Testing was performed on Lines SK04-05 and SK04-18 to determine the optimal parameters.
Please refer to the table below for a list of the tests performed.
Description
Format
Raw displays
Shot
Gain recovery
Shot
Low Cut Filter
Shot
Swell Noise Attenuation
Shot
FK filter
Shot
Tau-P Linear Noise Removal
Shot/Stack
Tau-P Deconvolution
Shot/Stack
Predictive deconvolution (before stack)
Gather/Stack
FK Demultiple
Gather/Stack
Radon demultiple
Gather/Stack
Scaling before PSTM Testing (SCAMP)
Gather/Stack
Pre stack migration velocity field smoothing
Velocity profile
Pre stack migration aperture
Stack
Anisotropic NMO corrections (ETA)
Gather/Stack
Stack mutes (outer and inner trace)
Gather/Stack
Residual Radon
Gather/Stack
Incident angles at 5 degree intervals
Gather
Predictive deconvolution after stack
Stack
Relative amplitude
Stack
Zero Phasing
Stack
Q Compensation
Stack
Post stack scaling
Stack
Phase rotation
Stack
Parameter tests were presented as paper displays, or ftp'd to Santos in SEGY format for
evaluation on screen.
WA-338-P
Page 5
3 COMMENTS & CONCLUSION

The 2004 Kingshead 2D Processing began in early September 2004 and was completed by
late October 2004. The processing flow was chosen based on previous processing of the 2003
Browse Basin Testing by Robertson. Testing of the above mentioned lines allowed for these
previous processing parameters to vary where necessary.
Residual Radon was applied to all final deliverables.
The final data was statistically zero phase converted and rotated for a zero phase water
bottom.
All processing parameters have been detailed in Section 5 Processing Description.
WA-338-P
Page 6
4 PROCESSING SEQUENCE
4.1
PSTM SEQUENCE (FILTERED)

TRANSCRIPTION
|
GAIN RECOVERY (t)
|
LOW CUT FILTER
|
SWELL NOISE ATTENUATION
|
F-X INTERPOLATION
|
FK FILTER (+/- 2000ms with NMO)
|
TAU-P DECONVOLUTION
|
DROP INTERPOLATED TRACES
|
CDP GATHER (120 FOLD)
|
FIRST PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS (2 km interval)
|
REVERSE T SQUARED GAIN
|
APPLY TRANSMISSION LOSS
|
SPHERICAL DIVERGENCE (URSIN) WITH dB GAIN
|
MULTIPLE ATTENUATION (FK DEMULTIPLE)
|
SECOND PASS (PSTM) VELOCITY ANALYSIS (1 km interval)
|
KIRCHHOFF PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION
|
THIRD PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS (0.5 km interval)
|
NMO CORRECTION
|
RESIDUAL RADON
|
OUTER TRACE MUTE / INNER TRACE MUTE
|
CDP STACK
|
GUN & CABLE STATIC CORRECTIONS
|
ZERO PHASING
|
TAUP FILTER
|
FILTER
|
ARCHIVE
WA-338-P
Page 7
4.2
PSTM ANGLE STACKS SEQUENCE (SCALED)

TRANSCRIPTION
|
GAIN RECOVERY (t)
|
LOW CUT FILTER
|
|
F-X INTERPOLATION
|
|
TAU-P DECONVOLUTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NMO CORRECTION
|
RESIDUAL RADON
|
ANGLE MUTE / INNER TRACE MUTE
|
CDP STACK
|
|
ZERO PHASING
|
TAUP FILTER
|
FILTER
|
ARCHIVE
WA-338-P
Page 8
4.3
PSTM SEQUENCE (RAW)

TRANSCRIPTION
|
GAIN RECOVERY (t)
|
LOW CUT FILTER
|
|
F-X INTERPOLATION
|
|
TAU-P DECONVOLUTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NMO CORRECTION
|
RESIDUAL RADON
|
OUTER TRACE MUTE / INNER TRACE MUTE
|
CDP STACK
|
|
ZERO PHASING
|
ARCHIVE
WA-338-P
Page 9
4.4
PSTM ANGLE STACKS SEQUENCE (RAW)

TRANSCRIPTION
|
GAIN RECOVERY (t)
|
LOW CUT FILTER
|
|
F-X INTERPOLATION
|
|
TAU-P DECONVOLUTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NMO CORRECTION
|
RESIDUAL RADON
|
ANGLE MUTE / INNER TRACE MUTE
|
CDP STACK
|
|
ZERO PHASING
|
ARCHIVE
WA-338-P
Page 10
4.5
PSTM GATHERS
TRANSCRIPTION
|
GAIN RECOVERY (t)
|
LOW CUT FILTER
|
|
F-X INTERPOLATION
|
|
TAU-P DECONVOLUTION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NMO CORRECTION
|
RESIDUAL RADON
|
|
ZERO PHASING
|
ARCHIVE
WA-338-P
Page 11
5 PROCESSING DESCRIPTION
5.1
TRANSCRIPTION
Field data were converted to Robertsons internal format for processing. RRAs internal
processing format is trace sequential, with samples in 32 bit IEEE floating point. At
intermediate processing stages the data is stored on disk in sixteen-bit integer with a gain
ranging scalar for each trace. When reading the format shot records, strategic header values
related to acquisition were preserved (where available).
5.2
GAIN RECOVERY
A gain function was applied to the data set to compensate for inelastic attenuation and spherical
divergence
A t2 gain function was applied where t = two way travel time in milliseconds.
5.3
LOW-CUT FILTER
A low-cut filter of 4/12 Hz/dB/Octave was applied to the shot records.
5.4
Swell noise attenuation is achieved by shaping the amplitude spectra of selected "swell noise
affected" traces.
Analysis and attenuation are performed in the FX domain, processing one source position at a
time. For analysis, the amplitude spectra are normalised, considering only the higher frequency
range which is less influenced by swell noise. After normalisation the swell noise traces are
recognised by their relatively high amplitude, low frequency component. The shallow portion
of each shot record is muted before analysis, removing the high amplitude shallow reflections
and direct arrivals.
The user nominates a frequency range for analysis, and for spectral scaling. Typically this
frequency range is from 0 to 32 Hz. Scalars are calculated to shape the spectra of individual
swell noise affected traces to the mean of the non swell noise affected traces. The scalars are
fully applied from 0 to one half the defined frequency range, after which the scalars are tapered
to zero application at the maximum defined frequency. No modification is made to other traces.
The mechanism of swell noise recognition is not influenced by change in source energy, or by
systematic variation in trace amplitude levels. Shots not affected by swell noise will not present
any traces for swell noise attenuation.
The swell noise attenuation is monitored by recording the number of channels flagged as being
affected by swell noise.
WA-338-P
Page 12
5.5
FX INTERPOLATION
All data underwent F-X interpolation (shot domain) with a window length of 1000ms.
Processing was performed by interpolating a single trace in the centre of two original traces.
5.6
MULTI CHANNEL FILTER (SHOT DOMAIN)
A symmetrical velocity filter was designed in the F-K domain to preserve the primary
reflection signal and to discriminate against coherent dipping noise trains. The filter employs a
cosine-squared taper from k = 0 to the velocity intercept at each frequency. Filtering was
applied in the shot domain only. The input data was conditioned with a 300ms AGC, and the
scalars preserved for removal subsequent to the application of the F-K filter. A cut off velocity
of +/- 2000 m/sec was used and NMO was applied before and removed after the filter.
5.7
TAU-P DECONVOLUTION
The data was transformed to the Tau-P domain using the linear transform. Transform limits of
-2500 ms to 2500 ms at an increment of 10 ms (951 ptraces) were used.
Predicitive deconvolution was performed in Tau-P space to target water layer reverberation.
The design window for the deconvolution consisted of a single window, 200ms operator and a
gap length of 36ms. Application of the deconvolution was to the whole trace length.
5.8
TAU-P LINEAR NOISE REMOVAL
While in Tau-P space linear noise may be removed by the application of scaling or muting
sections of the transformed data that represent the noise energy. Careful design can preserve the
long offset primary data from being attenuated. For these data the following mutes were
applied.
Water Bottom Time: 100 ms
Delt
times (ms)
-2500
0 to 3192
-1500
0 to 3192
-1000
600 to 3192
500
600 to 3192
1200
0 to 3192
2500
0 to 3192
5.9
INTERPOLATED TRACES DROPPED
Traces interpolated as per section 5.5 were discarded.
5.10 CDP GATHER

Shot records were sorted into common depth point gathers with a nominal fold of 120.
WA-338-P
Page 13
5.11 FIRST PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS

First pass velocities (2km interval) were determined using Robertsons MGIVA interactive
velocity analysis program. Each velocity analysis comprised a semblance display, a CDP
stacked panel repeated 14 times with a suite of velocity functions, and a central CDP gather.
The suite of functions were generated using 0%, +/-4 %, +/-8%, +/-13%, +/-19 %, +/-25%, +/32%, and +40% increments from a central velocity function. The central function was a final
velocity derived from the previously processed data.
A mild F-K multiple attenuation was applied to enhance the primary energy of the data before
the analyses using the following percentages of the brute velocity function: -8% at 0ms, -10%
at 800ms, -12% at 2500, -18% at 4500 and -25% at 10000ms. This was applied for the purpose
of the analyses only.
The velocity analysis incorporated a map of all velocity locations, and the semblance display
included functions from proximate lines. This enabled the velocities to be picked with
knowledge of areal velocity trends. Velocity QC can be performed more effectively when
discordant velocities can be recognised on the map.
5.12 REVERSE GAIN RECOVERY

Backed off t2 scaling that was applied at the start of processing.
5.13 APPLY TRANSMISSION LOSS

A 16db/sec scaler was applied to compensate for transmission loss. This scaler was held
constant after 1sec.
5.14 SPHERICAL DIVERGENCE (URSIN & GAIN)

With the previously applied t2 gain function removed, it was then replaced with an offset and
velocity dependent spherical divergence approximation as described by Bjorn Ursin
(GEOPHYSICS Vol.55 No.4, pp492-496 1990).
Where T0 is the two way travel time, V is the RMS velocity at T0, and V0 is the velocity in the
first layer. Although this method is applicable to uncorrected data as a moveout tracking
divergence correction, for algorithmic ease it is applied to NMO corrected CDP gathers.
5.15 FK MULTIPLE ATTENUATION

F-K demultiple was used to attenuate a strong multiple train evident in the near surface. Normal
moveout correction was performed using the picked first pass velocities, slowed by the
percentages listed below. When NMO corrections are performed with these slowed velocities
the primary events are over corrected and show negative dip, and the multiples will have
positive dip. After FK transform the multiples and primaries will appear in different quadrants.
Multiple attenuation can then be effected by filtering the positive quadrant before applying the
inverse transform.
WA-338-P
Page 14
Time (ms)
Velocity %
94
800
92
2500
92
4500
90
Application times are with respect to gathers without NMO corrections.

A 300ms AGC was applied before the FK transform, and the scalars preserved for later
removal.
5.16 PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION (FIRST PASS)

Kirchhoff PreSTM was applied using a maximum half aperture of 400 traces (2500m).
Apertures were muted with a 50% stretch mute to avoid operator aliasing. Smoothed 100%
first pass 2 km velocities were used in the migration. Migration was performed on 2:1 summed
offset planes.
5.17 SECOND PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS

The second pass of velocities were picked at 1km intervals on first pass PSTM gathers using
Robertsons MGIVA interactive velocity analysis program. Each velocity analysis comprised
a semblance display, a CDP stacked panel repeated 14 times with a suite of velocity functions,
and a central CDP gather. The suite of functions were generated using 0%, +/-4%, +/-8%, +/13%, +/-19 %, +/-25% , +/-32 % and +40% increments from a central velocity function. The
first pass of velocities were used as the central function for this suite of velocity variant
functions.
5.18 PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION

Kirchhoff PreSTM was applied using a maximum half aperture of 400 traces (2500m). Antialiasing protection was applied by pre-filtering the data within the migration scan depending
upon the local migration operator dip. Smoothed 100% second pass velocities at 1 km were
used in the migration. Migration was performed on all offset planes.
5.19 THIRD PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS

The third pass of velocities were picked at 0.5km intervals on second pass PSTM gathers using
Robertsons MGIVA interactive velocity analysis program. Each velocity analysis comprised
a semblance display, a CDP stacked panel repeated 14 times with a suite of velocity functions,
and a central CDP gather. The suite of functions were generated using 0%, +/-4 %, +/-8%, +/13%, +/-19 %, +/-25% , +/-32 % and +/40% increments from a central velocity function. The
second pass of velocities were used as the central function for this suite of velocity variant
functions.
5.20 NMO CORRECTION

Fourth order NMO corrections were applied using the final picked 0.5km PSTM velocity
functions.
WA-338-P
Page 15
5.21 RESIDUAL RADON

Residual high resolution radon demultiple was applied to the final NMO corrected Kirchhoff
PreSTM data.
Radon demultiple, using 100% final velocities, was applied using 701p values between
maximum offset delta t values of 1000ms and 2500ms.
The Radon demultiple application times were:
WB Time (ms)
1
1000
Time (ms) / Moveout (ms) Pairs

0/250, 1000/100, 2000/50, 6144/50
0/150, 2000/100, 3000/50, 6144,50
Reference Offset = 3053m
5.22 OUTER TRACE MUTE

A post NMO outer trace mute was applied to remove any coherent noise on the outer traces and
to reduce contamination from the effect of NMO stretch on the far offsets. Muting parameters
were spatially varied according to seafloor two way time.
WB Time = 100ms
Offset (m)
Time (ms)
120
176
206
469
450
815
800
1455
1500
3059
2800
5.23 INNER TRACE MUTE

A post NMO inner trace mute was applied to help remove remnant multiple energy still
apparent on the inner traces following the demultiple.
Water Bottom Time: 100 ms
Offset (m)
Application times (ms)
60
500 tmax
300
1100 tmax
370
1500 tmax
5.24 COMMON DEPTH POINT STACK

The traces within each CDP bin were summed using a 1/root(N) stack compensation. The angle
stacks were summed using 1/N stack compensation.
WA-338-P
Page 16
5.25 STATICS
A static compensation for gun and cable depths was applied. The static value applied was
calculated using average gun and cable depths supplied in the observers reports (7ms).
5.26 ZERO PHASE CONVERSION

The data was converted from minimum phase data to zero phase, using the Weiner-Levinson
double inversion method to derive an operator based on the amplitude spectrum. A constant
phase shift of -90 was then applied.
5.27 TAU-P FILTER

A time-varient dip filter with AGC wrap was applied to all stack data.
5.28 FILTER
Unwanted noise that lay outside the frequency range of the desired reflection data was
attendated by the application of a series of zero phase time variant filters. These filters
employed cosine squared tapers between the limiting frequency pairs.
Application time (ms)
Frequency limits (Hz)
1200
6 / 10 90 \ 100
2000
4 / 8 70 \ 80
3000
4 / 6 60 \ 70
5.29 ANGLE STACKS

Using the full inner trace mute and 120% of the outer trace mutes, the remaining 'live' data was
split 50% / 50% to produce near and far angle stacks on both the raw and the filtered/scaled
PSTM data.
WA-338-P
Page 17
6 APPENDICES
6.1
LINE LISTING
Test lines have been highlighted in red.
LINE
SK04-01
SK04-02
SK04-03
SK04-04
SK04-05
SK04-06
SK04-07
SK04-08
SK04-09
SK04-10
SK04-11
SK04-12
SK04-14
SK04-16
SK04-18
SK04-20
SK04-22
SK04-24
First Proc
SP
Last Proc
SP
First Proc
CDP
Last Proc
CDP
SP Interval
(m)
Total KMS
1001
3013
4264
12.5
25.16
1001
2334
2906
12.5
16.68
1001
3829
5896
12.5
35.36
1001
2350
2938
12.5
16.88
1001
4186
6610
12.5
39.83
1001
2360
2958
12.5
17
1001
4351
6940
12.5
41.89
1001
2335
2908
12.5
16.69
1001
5891
10020
12.5
61.14
1001
2339
2916
12.5
16.74
1001
2944
4126
12.5
24.3
1001
2250
2738
12.5
15.63
1001
2258
2754
12.5
15.73
1001
2260
2758
12.5
15.75
1001
2284
2806
12.5
16.05
1001
2262
2762
12.5
15.78
1001
2272
2782
12.5
15.9
1001
2297
2832
12.5
16.21
422.69
WA-338-P
Page 18
6.2
ACQUISITION PARAMETERS
DESCRIPTION
DETAILS
Data recorded by:

Date recorded:
Vessel:
Veritas DGC Australia

2004
M/V Pacific Sword
General:Field CMP Interval

Nominal Fold
Seismic source:Type
Volume
Pressure:
Depth:
Shot interval:
Gun Delay
Recording system:Format:
Record length:
Sample interval:
Number of Channels
Near Channel
Recording Delay
Filters
Receivers:Centre near group to centre far group:
Streamer depth:
Number of groups:
Group interval:
Centre source to center near group:
WA-338-P
6.25 m
120
Bolt 1500LL & 1900LL-XT Airguns
1760 cu.in.
1950 psi
5m +/- 1.0 m
12.5 m
0 ms
SYNTRAK 960-24 MSRS
3000 ms
2 ms
240
240
0 ms
3 Hz, 6 dB/octave
206 Hz ,276 dB/octave
2987.5 m
6m +/- 1.5 m
240
12.5 m
72 m
Page 19
6.3
DELIVERABLES
Item
Format
Final Stacking Velocities (PSTM)

0.5km Intervals & CMP Coordinates
Media
Tape No.
Western/ASCII
CD
357FV001CD
PSTM corrected gathers
SEGY
DLT
357GA002L
PSTM corrected gathers
SEGY
DLT
357GA003L
Final Filtered Migrations (Original)

Zero Phased
Full, Near and Far Datasets
SEGY
DVD
357FM004DVD
Final Filtered Migrations (Copy 1)

Zero Phased
SEGY
DVD
357FM005DVD
Final Filtered Migrations (Copy 2)

Zero Phased
Full Datasets Only
SEGY
DVD
357FM006DVD
Raw Migrations (Original)

SEGY
DVD
357RM007DVD
Raw Migrations (Copy 1)

Full Near and Far Datasets
SEGY
DVD
357RM008DVD
Final Processing Report

(Original)
PDF
CD
357FR009CD
Final Procesing Report

(Copy 1)
PDF
CD
357FR010CD

(Copy 2)
PDF
CD
357FR011CD
WA-338-P
Paper Copy
Page 20
6.4
WA-338-P
SEGY TRACE HEADERS (STACK)

Type
Offset
I32
I32
I32
I32
I32
I32
I32
I32
I16
I16
I16
I16
I32
I32
I32
I32
I32
I16
I16
I32
I32
I32
I32
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I16
I32
I32
I32
I32
I32
I16
0
4
8
8
12
16
20
24
28
30
32
34
36
40
44
60
64
68
70
72
76
80
84
88
98
100
102
108
110
112
114
116
156
158
160
162
164
166
180
180
184
188
192
196
200
Description
Trace number within line.
Trace number within reel.
Sequential record number.
Original field record number.
Trace number.
Shot point number.
CDP number.
Trace no. within the CDP.
Trace identification code.
No. of summed traces.
Total number of traces in CDP.
Data use 1=production, 2=test.
Trace offset (integer).
Elevation at receiver.
Elevation at source.
Water depth at source.
Water depth at receiver.
Scaler to be applied to elevations
Scaler to be applied to coordinates
Source easting.
Source northing.
Receiver easting.
Receiver northing.
Coordinate units (m/arc)
Source static correction.
Receiver static correction.
Total static applied.
Delay recording time (ms).
Mute time start.
Mute time end.
No. of samples.
Samp interval in microseconds.
Year of recording
Julian day number (1-366)
Hour of day (24 hour clock)
Minute of hour
Second of minute
Time base code 1.local,2.gmt,3.?
Seqn record no. (pre-stack only)
3D Line number.
CDP no. within 3D line.
2D shotpoint number (Maersk)
Easting of CDP.
Northing of CDP.
Scaler to be applied to SPNO.
Page 21

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Integrated Services in

Petroleum Exploration and Production

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

Robertson Research Australia

Senior Staff Geophysicist

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

Low Cut Filter

Swell Noise Attenuation

Tau-P Linear Noise Removal

Predictive deconvolution (before stack)

Scaling before PSTM Testing (SCAMP)

Pre stack migration velocity field smoothing

Pre stack migration aperture

Anisotropic NMO corrections (ETA)

Stack mutes (outer and inner trace)

Incident angles at 5 degree intervals

Predictive deconvolution after stack

Post stack scaling

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

3 COMMENTS & CONCLUSION

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

PSTM SEQUENCE (FILTERED)

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

PSTM ANGLE STACKS SEQUENCE (SCALED)

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

PSTM SEQUENCE (RAW)

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

PSTM ANGLE STACKS SEQUENCE (RAW)

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

A low-cut filter of 4/12 Hz/dB/Octave was applied to the shot records.

SWELL NOISE ATTENUATION

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

MULTI CHANNEL FILTER (SHOT DOMAIN)

TAU-P LINEAR NOISE REMOVAL

INTERPOLATED TRACES DROPPED

Traces interpolated as per section 5.5 were discarded.

5.10 CDP GATHER

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

5.11 FIRST PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS

5.12 REVERSE GAIN RECOVERY

5.13 APPLY TRANSMISSION LOSS

5.14 SPHERICAL DIVERGENCE (URSIN & GAIN)

5.15 FK MULTIPLE ATTENUATION

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

Application times are with respect to gathers without NMO corrections.

5.16 PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION (FIRST PASS)

5.17 SECOND PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS

5.18 PRE-STACK TIME MIGRATION

5.19 THIRD PASS VELOCITY ANALYSIS

5.20 NMO CORRECTION

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

5.21 RESIDUAL RADON

Time (ms) / Moveout (ms) Pairs

Reference Offset = 3053m

5.22 OUTER TRACE MUTE

5.23 INNER TRACE MUTE

5.24 COMMON DEPTH POINT STACK

2004 Kingshead 2D Processing Report

5.26 ZERO PHASE CONVERSION

5.27 TAU-P FILTER

Frequency limits (Hz)

5.29 ANGLE STACKS