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Reason Fallacies To
Aid Defect
Exploration In
Argument Gaming
fallacy is
For
Argument Gaming
When the sun is at the top, vertically over your head, you infer that the time is around 12.00 noon.
When a student answers Penguins fly, the teacher infers the students lack of knowledge about Penguin
Interpretation of arguments in
Modern argumentation
Argument fallacies
Definitions of defects
Straying
Stultified
Unestablished
vista rinchu
Antithetical
Adverse
Defect classification,
identification
Nyaya
Defect
types
Argument
Analysis
Defect
Categories
Defect Table
Defect set
Sample arguments
Arg.
Id
Argument
Subject
object of
inference
reason
sky_lotus
fragrance
Nil
artificialfragrance
rose
Nil
lily
fragrance
Nil
mountain
fire
smoke
penguin
fly
Bird
bat
viviparous
mammal
falls
fire
smoke
falls
fire
smoke
Argument defects
Arg.
Id
1
Status in KB
Status in KB
HC1
Unestablished to subject
HC7
Unestablished to itself
concept exists,
quality(negation)
concept exists,
quality(negation)
No Defect
HC8
Unestablished to invariance
HC4
Straying Uncommon
HC2, HC5
Antithetical
HC1, HC5
Straying Common
HC1, HC6
fragrance
as
fragrance
as
Future enhancements
Other
provisional definitions of
invariable concomitance
More Reason fallacies in Buddhist
philosophy
Coverage of argument fallacies
Key References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Walton, D. and Woods, J., Argument: The Logic of the fallacies, Toronto:
Thank You
Gautama
Ontology editor
based on Nyaya
Idea
Nyaya logics
NORM
we propose Gautama,
Gautama
Aid,
CS,COI,CR,RS-OI,RS-R,RR-OI,Astate,Astatus,Astr>
NORM Model
(a)
(b)
(c)
NORM - Concept
C= <Cname, Ccat, QM,QO,QE,Cpr,Cpar,Ccon>
Cname name of the concept
Ccat={CS,COI,CR}
QM = Quality Mandatory of type Quality Q
QO = Quality optional of type Quality Q
QE = Quality Exceptional of type Quality Q
Cpr = Concept priority weight factor
Cpar= parent concept C, par = 0 to n;
NORM - Quality
Q=<Qname,Vi,Qcon>
Nyaya-Vaisheshika Qualities
NORM - Relation
R= <Rname,CAq,CBq,Rcat,Rqual,Rpr,Rcon>
Rname name of the relation
CAq, CBq Ccat ;
q = 1 to n; n max. no. of qualities defined for CA, CB in OT;
CA = CB permissible.
Rcat={RS-OI,RS-R,RR-OI}
Rqual={Ici,D,X,Xp},
Ic Invariable concomitance; i = 0-3, over {sym, +Ic, -Ic, Neutral};
D Direct;
X Exclusive; Xp - Exceptional
Rpr = Relation priority weight factor
Rcon = constraint set over defined relations, {Rcon[i], R1, R2}; R1, R2 R.
i=0, reflexive, here R1, R2 = NULL ; i=1,
Gautama tool
Gautama - Description
ILO Visualisation Pane:
provides controls for entering information about the nodes that are yet to be created
C-C denotes concept-concept; V-V denotes value-value and Q-Q denotes quality-quality.
command buttons provided to add concepts, qualities and values.
contains icons to save and print the ontology visualisation created in the top left pane of the
editor. In addition, drawing icons have also been provided.
NORM RDF
<rdf:concept>
<rdf:name>
<rdf:category>
<rdf:role>
<rdf:type>
<rdf:quality>
<rdf:axiom>
<rdf:desc>
<rdf:operator>
used to declare the logical operators like and, or while creating the concept
NDL
Concept-satisfiable
Concept-subsumes
This command has three variations. It either checks whether a concept is related
to another concept, through a particular relation name or through a particular set
of relation categories.
Chk-quality
These commands retrieve the child nodes or parent nodes of the parametric
concept from the ontology hierarchy
Chk-concept-related
Sub-concept, Super-concept
This takes two concepts as input, and checks whether the first concept subsumes
the second concept. This is one of the famous reasoning service provided by any
ontology-based reasoner.
This takes a concept name as the parameter and checks whether the addition of
the concept will not violate the ontology definitions that exist prior to the
execution of this command
This command checks the entire ontology hierarchy to check if the required quality
is available in the ontology
Chk-concept-quality
This command checks the entire ontology hierarchy to check if the particular
concept has the required quality.
Future enhancements
Translation
two IL ontologies
Automated IL ontology creation from
text passages
Key References
Thank You