CHAPTER 1

Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Nowadays, technology rules the world. Automation ease the
lives of many people in managing their time. One way to enhance
our skills and potentials is to practice it. As the saying goes this
way, Constant practice makes perfect. There are lot of innovations
in electronic projects because some finds it not efficient or there is
another way on how to make a particular project more useful.
Innovations after innovations until users find satisfaction in using
the technology. Imagining of yesterdays technology compared of
what is now today is incomparable. Todays electronic devices are
more sophisticated compared before because it has many functions
and todays technologies have many features. More useful, more
convenient, more feature and customer satisfaction guaranteed.
In the field of electronics, most projects provide solutions to
the common problem that the world is facing. One of this is how to
save electric energy when operation of a certain device is not
necessary. To respond of this type of problem, innovators are in nonstop seeking solution to the problem. Furthermore, electronic
projects provide convenience to the people in daily living.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Most of the available fans today are controlled manually by
voltage regulators which have different stages of speed. In some
places

especially

during

summer

times,

the

temperature

is

changing rapidly. In places such as sari-sari store and those places

without air conditioning unit, electric fans are the most efficient
appliances. But most of the times becomes the most contributor on
electric bills, because of some people tend to forget turning off the
electric after they use it.

1.3 Research Objectives

The researchers aim to implement the following:
1. To develop an automatic switching of electric fans based on the
temperature of the

room.

2. To design the right combination of circuitry to use for the

switching device.
3. To reduce the power consumption through automatic switching of
the electric fan when temperature is very low.
4. To compare the efficiency between this project and previous
projects.

1.4 Significance of the Study

This project provides an effortless of turning off the electric
fan when room temperature decreases to a minimum level. A
successful implementation of the project will bring comfort and
convenience at home.

1.5 The Scope and Limitations of the Study

The proposed project will be using only two sensors which are
heat and motion sensor. Motion sensor is limited to a maximum of 7
meters of detection and due to the specification of the sensor,
detection of the proposed project is limited only to 7 meters. In

addition, the cooling area of the project is limited to a typical room

size due to financial constrain of purchasing high wattage electric
fan.
The scope of the project can be represented as its features
and it includes automatic switching speed based on ambient
temperature and automatic switching on the electric fan if the
motion sensor senses any motion that exceeds the threshold
sensitivity of the sensor.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
A device that converts a continuous physical quantity (usually voltage) to a
digital number that represents the quantity's amplitude.
Sensors
A transducer whose purpose is to sense or to detect some characteristic of its
environments. It detects events or changes in quantities and provides a
corresponding output, generally as an electrical or optical signal.
Microcontroller
A small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core,
memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Designed for embedded
applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or
other general purpose applications.
Voltage Regulator

Designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A voltage

regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative
feedback control loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or
electronic

components.

It

may

be

used

to

regulate

one

or

more AC or DC voltages.

CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature

2.1 Introduction
This section will elaborate the studies related to the proposed project of
the researcher. The fig. shown below is the block diagram of the project made
by Prince, N. N., et al.

Fig. 1 Block Diagram of Automatic Temperature Controlled Fan,

by Prince, N, N., et al.

2.2 Sensors
The designed system automatically controls the speed of ceiling fans
according to changes in room temperature. LM 35 temperature sensor is used to sense
the room temperature and it is directly coupled to the Analog to Digital Converter
(ADC) whose major task is to convert the analog data from the temperature sensor to
its digital equivalent required by the microcontroller for further processing.

2.3 Microcontroller
The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system. It is used to store all the
assembly language program of the system; it also controls, coordinates and manages

all the activities of the system. All the components that made up the system are
directly or indirectly connected to it to achieve the designed project.

2.4 Liquid Crystal Display

The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used by the microcontroller to
communicate to the outside world. It displays the fan speed as well as the room
temperature at any point in time.

2.5 Synthesis of the RRL

The system is very useful for all areas where temperature variation overnight
is considerably high. The designed system is a remarkable breakthrough in
monitoring and control system technology and should be adopted in order to explore
all its numerous benefits. The system is secure and reliable device which can excel in
this day and age.
The concept of this study will be useful for the proposed research study.
Actually there are lots of studies that are related to the proposed project but almost
the same functions with the Automatic Temperature Controlled Fan. Just one big
question comes up to mind of the researcher. What if the room temperature is high
and theres no person inside the room? Isnt it causing to wastage of electricity?
The proposed project will add more feature which is the motion sensor which
can detect moving objects, particularly people to overcome the said problem. And it
will use an Arduino microcontroller instead of AT89C51 microcontroller.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
In the field of electronics, most projects provide solutions to the common
problem that the world is facing. One of this is how to save electric energy when
operation of a certain device is not necessary. To respond of this type of problem,
innovators are in non-stop seeking solution to the problem. Furthermore, electronic
projects provide convenience to the people in daily living.
This project provides an effortless of turning off the electric fan when room
temperature decreases to a minimum level.

The following features of this project are as follows:

*Automatic switching of electric fans based on the temperature of the room.
*Save electric bills when electric fan is not needed.
*Provide convenience during night time because you dont need to turn it off
when the room temperature is very low.
*Provide Manual to automatic Switch.
Figure 3.1.1 will show the process on how the flowchart works.

Figure 3.1.1 shows the step by step process on what should be the components
to be used in the proposed electric fan with heat sensor and motion sensor project. If
the components will not work as needed, it will go back to the selection and
components needed again. If the design will not meet the needed operation, it will
interface and test the components again and again unless the needed operation meets.

Design specification

Selection/Identifying of
components needed

Purchasing and testing of

components

3.2 Block Diagram

Are the components
working
needed? project is composed of sensors,
The block diagram of
the as
proposed

microcontroller, If
the switching device and the fan. The system is very useful for all
no

areas where temperature variation overnight is considerably high. The designed

system is a remarkable breakthrough in monitoring and control system technology
and should be adopted in order to explore all its numerous benefits. The system is
yes

secure and reliable device which can excel in this day and age.
Interfacing of
components
Testing

ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER

MOTION
SENSOR

HEAT SENSOR

Did it meet the needed

operation?

If
no

SWITCHING
DEVICE

yes
Project
done

Figure
3.2.1
Block
Fig 3.1.1
Design
Diagram
flowchart

FAN

3.2.1 Sensors
Two sensors will be used on the proposed project. The two sensors will be
define and elaborate its specifications below.

3.2.1.1 Heat Sensor

LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors

Figure 3.2.1 LM35 pin out (http://www.electronicslovers.com/2014/11/temperaturemonitor-using-pic16f877a.html)

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, with an

output voltage linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature. Thus, the LM35
has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is

not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming
to provide typical accuracies of 1/4C at room temperature and 3/4C over a full
-55C to +155C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration
at the wafer level. The low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent
calibration of the LM35 make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially
easy. The device is used with single power supplies or with plus and minus supplies.
As the LM35 draws only 60uA from the supply, it has very low self-heating of less
than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 series is available in the plastic TO-92 transistor
package.

3.2.1.2 Motion Sensor

The motion sensor that will be used on the proposed project is the Mini PIR
Sensor. A specification of Mini PIR sensor is shown below:

Figure 3.2.2 PIR Sensor (http://www.e-gizmo.com)

Power Input
Static Current
Output Signal

DC 4-5 20V
50uA
0 3V ( Output high when motion is
detected)
Sentry Angle
110 degrees
Sentry Distance
7 meters (max)
Table 3.2.2 Specifications PIR Motion Sensor(http://www.e-gizmo.com)

3.2.2 Microcontroller
The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system. It is used to store all the
assembly language program of the system; it also controls, coordinates and manages
all the activities of the system. All the components that made up the system are
directly or indirectly connected to it to achieve the designed project.
Arduino ATmega 328 will be used for the proposed project because it is
already proven and tested. A specification of ATmega 328 is shown below:

Figure 3.2.3 Arduino V5 (http://www.e-gizmo.com)

Power Input
Debugger Port
I/O Port
DC Power Output
On-board Crystal
PCB Dimension
Table 3.2.3
Arduino V5
gizmo.com)

3.2.3 Switching Device

External 8 12V USB 5V

ICSP
20 I/O s(14 Digital I/O and 6 Analog In)
3.3V
16MHz
2.7 in x 2.1 in
Specification of
(http://www.e-

Figure 3.2.4 EX2 Relay Card (http://www.e-gizmo.com)

EX2 12v relay
It is a 4 in 1 relay card. With 12v operating supply voltage. 2 normally open
terminals and 2 normally close terminals

Table 3.2.4 Specification of EX2 Relay Card (http://www. E-gizmo.com)

POWER INPUT
MAX. CARRYING CURRENT
ON BOARD RELAY
DIMENSIONS

12V
20A
EX2 relay
60mmx48mm

3.3 Cost of Materials

Table 3.3 Cost of materials

Description
Quantity
Arduino V5 with case
1
Ex2 Relay Card With Case
1
Motion Sensor (PIR)
1
Heat sensor (LM35)
4
Connectors
10
Power supply 12v
1
Electric Fan
1
TOTAL

Price per Unit

662.00
382.00
378.00
86.00
5.00
120.00
499.00

Total
662.00
382.00
378.00
344.00
50.00
120.00
499.00
2,435.00

3.4 Operating parameters

The system operates as shown on table 3.4.1. The speed of the Electric fan
varies as the ambient temperature is changing. As temperature rises from the
reference room temperature the speed also increases. The microcontroller of the
system which act as the main brain of the system is the one responsible for the change
of the speed of the electric fan.

Table 3.4.1 Operating parameters

State of motion Sensor
LOW
HIGH
LOW
HIGH

Temperature of heat
sensor
Below 30oC
Below 30oC
Above 30oC but below
33oC
Above 30oC but below
33oC

Speed of Electric fan /

Output
OFF
OFF
OFF
LOW SPEED

LOW
HIGH
MANUAL MODE

Above 33oC
Above 33oC
MANUAL MODE

OFF
HIGH SPEED
MEDIUM SPEED

Manual Mode is an additional feature that would enable the user to override
the microcontroller. The system includes a switch that would switch manual mode to
automatic mode and vice versa.

21st Century Electric

Fan
By

Marvin S. Absaral
Efryl Vincent B. Lapia